WO2016150168A1 - 一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统 - Google Patents

一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统 Download PDF

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WO2016150168A1
WO2016150168A1 PCT/CN2015/094099 CN2015094099W WO2016150168A1 WO 2016150168 A1 WO2016150168 A1 WO 2016150168A1 CN 2015094099 W CN2015094099 W CN 2015094099W WO 2016150168 A1 WO2016150168 A1 WO 2016150168A1
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hydrogen
heat
high temperature
hydrogen production
heat exchanger
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵波
王乐
杨岑玉
肖宇
赵鹏程
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State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute of SGCC
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute of SGCC
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50Processes
    • C25B1/55Photoelectrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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  • the invention relates to the field of comprehensive utilization of solar energy and hydrogen energy, in particular to a high temperature electrolysis water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy.
  • Hydrogen is recognized as a clean energy source and is emerging as a low-carbon and zero-carbon energy source. It is light in weight, high in calorific value, good in combustion performance, non-toxic and recyclable, and is a good secondary energy source.
  • an important factor limiting the large-scale commercial application of hydrogen energy is that an inexpensive hydrogen production technology has not yet been found.
  • Solar energy is the most common primary energy.
  • the solar collector heating technology has low operating cost, complete green zero emission, and combines solar energy with hydrogen energy. It is the focus of the present invention to develop a cheaper hydrogen production technology.
  • the high-temperature steam electrolysis hydrogen production technology uses a high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) to electrolyze water vapor, which has the advantages of low power consumption, high efficiency, and low cost.
  • SOEC solid oxide electrolysis cell
  • Providing high-quality thermal energy above 800 °C for the electrolytic cell can be achieved by renewable energy or nuclear energy, but burning fossil energy to obtain thermal energy is considered to be uneconomical and environmentally friendly.
  • the present invention provides a high-temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy, which does not require fossil energy, has a greener production process, and greatly reduces power consumption; it provides a stable heat source. It solves the problem that the photothermal system is unstable with the weather, improves the availability and reliability of the system, and improves the electrolysis efficiency of the system.
  • a high-temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy comprising a thermal energy supply module connected in sequence, a hydrogen production and separation module and a storage module, wherein the hydrogen production and separation module is provided with a DC power supply.
  • Said hydrogen and separation module and storage module are connected to the water tank;
  • the thermal energy supply module includes a concentrating device, a heat collecting device, a heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger and a heat exchanger unit connected in sequence;
  • the heat collecting device is installed at a focus of the concentrating device, and the heat collecting device absorbs thermal energy in the concentrating device such that an internal temperature of the heat collecting device is not lower than 1000 ° C;
  • the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger transfers the heat energy collected by the heat collecting device to the heat exchanger unit;
  • the heat exchanger unit transmits thermal energy collected by the heat collecting device to the hydrogen production and separation module, and heats the water and hydrogen mixture in the hydrogen production and separation module to a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen above 800 °C.
  • the heat exchanger unit is a steam heat exchanger, and the steam heat exchanger transmits heat energy stored by the heat collecting device to the hydrogen production and separation module through the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger unit comprises a high temperature heat storage device and an exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger connected to the high temperature heat storage device;
  • the high temperature heat storage device stores heat energy in the heat collecting device through the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger, and protects Hold its internal temperature above 800 ° C;
  • the exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger transmits thermal energy stored by the high temperature heat storage device to the hydrogen production and separation module.
  • the hydrogen production and separation module comprises a high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell and a hydrogen water vapor separator;
  • the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell is provided with a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode;
  • the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell is provided with the DC power source, and the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell uses the electric energy provided by the DC power source to electrolyze high-temperature steam into hydrogen and oxygen;
  • the hydrogen water vapor separator is connected to the top end of the cathode side of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell to receive a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor and separate pure hydrogen.
  • the storage module comprises a hydrogen cooler, a hydrogen storage device, an oxygen cooler, and an oxygen storage device;
  • the hydrogen water vapor separator, the hydrogen cooler and the hydrogen storage are connected in sequence;
  • An anode side of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell, an oxygen cooler and an oxygen storage device are sequentially connected, and the oxygen cooler receives and cools oxygen on an anode side of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell;
  • the hydrogen cooler is coupled to the oxygen cooler.
  • the heat exchange unit is connected to the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell
  • the heat exchange unit transmits thermal energy to the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell such that the temperature in the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell is not lower than 800 °C.
  • a feed water pump is connected between the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell and the water tank.
  • the hydrogen cooler and the oxygen cooler are both connected to the water tank by a circulating water pump.
  • the concentrating device is a butterfly concentrating device or a tower concentrating device.
  • the high temperature heat storage device uses a high temperature ceramic-based composite phase change heat storage material or a high temperature ceramic sensible heat storage material.
  • the present invention provides a high temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy, the system comprising a thermal energy supply module, a hydrogen production and separation module and a storage module, and a thermal energy supply module.
  • the hydrogen production system provided by the invention does not need to consume fossil energy, the production process is more green and environmentally friendly, and the power consumption is greatly reduced; the stable heat source is provided, and the photothermal system is changed with the weather.
  • the unstable situation increases the availability of the system and increases the efficiency of the system.
  • the system does not need to consume fossil energy, the production process is more green and environmentally friendly, and It reduces the power consumption; it provides a stable heat source, solves the problem that the photothermal system is unstable with weather changes, improves the availability and reliability of the system, and improves the electrolysis efficiency of the system.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention adopts a solar thermal concentrating system to provide high-quality thermal energy for the electrolyzed water system, without costing fossil energy, and the production process is more green and environmentally friendly.
  • the capacity of the high-temperature heat storage device is determined according to the heat load requirement of the hydrogen-producing system, and a system requiring continuous operation of all-weather operation requires a 15-hour or even large-capacity heat storage system.
  • the high temperature phase change heat storage system provides a stable heat source for the solid oxide electrolysis water hydrogen production system, and solves the photothermal system with weather changes. Unstable conditions increase the availability of the system.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention couples the solar photothermal system to provide high temperature thermal energy for the solid oxide electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, and the system electrolysis efficiency is improved by more than 20% compared with the conventional alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production.
  • the form and area of the concentrator are selected according to the heat load requirement of the hydrogen production system and the capacity of the heat storage device, and the distributed system generally adopts a dish concentrating system, which can provide 50-200 kW of thermal power.
  • the large-scale system adopts a tower concentrating system, which can provide about 30MW of thermal power, meets the power requirements of different forms of systems, and has wide applicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of a high temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of the heat exchanger unit in the hydrogen production system of the present invention when it is a steam heat exchanger.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of the heat exchanger unit of the hydrogen production system of the present invention including a high temperature heat storage device and an exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger.
  • 1-concentrating device 2-collector, 3-heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger, 4-high temperature heat storage device, 5-exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger, 6-DC power supply, 7-high temperature solid Oxide electrolytic cell, 8-hydrogen steam separator, 9-hydrogen cooler, 10-hydrogen storage device, 11-oxygen cooler, 12-oxygen storage device, 13-water tank, 14-feed water pump, 15-cycle water pump , 16-anode, 17-electrolyte, 18-cathode, 19-heat exchanger unit, 20-thermal energy supply module, 21-hydrogen and separation module, 22-storage module, 23-steam heat exchanger.
  • the present invention provides a high temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy.
  • the system includes a thermal energy supply module 20 connected in sequence, a hydrogen production and separation module 21 and a storage module 22, and a hydrogen production and separation module.
  • 21 is provided with a DC power source 6, and the hydrogen production and separation module 21 and the storage module 22 are connected to the water tank 13;
  • the thermal energy supply module 20 includes a concentrating device 1, a heat collecting device 2, a heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 3, and a heat exchanger unit 19;
  • the heat collecting device 2 is installed at the focus of the concentrating device 1, the heat collecting device 2 absorbs the heat energy in the concentrating device 1, so that the internal temperature of the heat collecting device 2 is not lower than 1000 ° C;
  • the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 3 transfers the heat energy collected by the heat collecting device 2 to the heat exchanger unit 19;
  • the heat exchanger unit 19 transfers the heat energy collected by the heat collecting device 2 to the hydrogen producing and separating module 21, and heats the mixture of water and hydrogen in the hydrogen producing and separating module 21 to a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen above 800 °C.
  • the heat exchanger unit 19 is a steam heat exchanger 23, and the steam heat exchanger 23 passes through a heat storage high temperature heat pipe.
  • the heat exchanger 3 transmits the heat energy stored by the heat collecting device 2 to the hydrogen producing and separating module 21.
  • the heat exchange unit comprises a high temperature heat storage device 4 and an exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 5 connected to the high temperature heat storage device 4;
  • the high temperature heat storage device 4 stores the heat energy in the heat collecting device 2 through the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 3, and maintains the internal temperature thereof higher than 800 ° C; the high temperature heat pipe technology is used to efficiently transfer the heat energy of the heat absorber to the high temperature heat storage device.
  • the high-temperature heat exchange heat transfer technology is still used to efficiently transfer the heat energy of the high-temperature heat storage device to the heat exchanger to heat the water vapor.
  • the exothermic high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 5 transfers the heat energy stored in the high temperature heat storage device 4 to the hydrogen production and separation module 21.
  • the hydrogen production and separation module 21 comprises a high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 and a hydrogen water vapor separator 8;
  • the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 is provided with a cathode 18, an electrolyte 17 and an anode 16; the hydrogen and water vapor mixture and oxygen are collected and sent out through different pipes;
  • the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 is provided with a DC power source 6, and the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 uses the electric energy provided by the DC power source 6 to electrolyze the high-temperature steam into hydrogen and oxygen;
  • a hydrogen water vapor separator is connected to the top end of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 on the cathode 18 side to receive a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor and separate pure hydrogen.
  • the storage module 22 includes a hydrogen cooler 9, a hydrogen storage device 10, an oxygen cooler 11 and an oxygen storage device 12;
  • a hydrogen water vapor separator 8 a hydrogen cooler 9 and a hydrogen storage tank are connected in sequence;
  • the anode 16 side of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7, the oxygen cooler 11 and the oxygen storage device 12 are sequentially connected, and the oxygen cooler 11 receives and cools the oxygen on the anode 16 side of the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7;
  • the hydrogen cooler 9 is connected to the oxygen cooler 11, and the hydrogen cooler 9 cools the hydrogen to normal temperature, and recovers heat to the water tank 13.
  • the oxygen cooler 11 cools the oxygen to a normal temperature and recovers the heat to the water tank 13.
  • the heat exchanger unit 19 is connected to the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7;
  • the heat exchange unit transfers the heat energy to the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 so that the temperature in the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 is not lower than 800 °C.
  • the water tank 13 is used for supplying water to the electrolytic cell on the one hand, and collecting heat obtained when cooling high-temperature hydrogen and oxygen on the other hand, so that the heat can be recycled without being lost.
  • a feed water pump 14 is connected between the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 and the water tank 13, and the feed water pump 14 is used to feed the feed water into the electrolytic cell to maintain the circulating power of the electrolysis water system.
  • Both the hydrogen cooler 9 and the oxygen cooler 11 are connected to the water tank 13 by a circulating water pump 15 for feeding the water in the water tank 13 to the hydrogen cooler 9 and the oxygen cooler 11, and circulating back to the water tank 13.
  • the concentrating device 1 is a butterfly concentrating device 1 or a tower concentrating device 1.
  • the form and area of the concentrating device 1 are selected according to the heat load requirement of the hydrogen producing system and the capacity of the heat storage device, and the distributed system generally adopts a dish.
  • the concentrating system can provide 50-200kW thermal power; the large-scale system uses a tower concentrating system, which can provide about 30MW of thermal power.
  • the high-temperature heat storage device 4 uses a high-temperature ceramic-based composite phase change heat storage material or a high-temperature ceramic sensible heat storage material. Among them, the capacity of the high-temperature heat storage device 4 is determined according to the heat load demand of the hydrogen production system, and a system requiring continuous operation all around the clock needs to be equipped with a heat storage system of 15 hours or even a large capacity.
  • the high-temperature heat storage system uses an inorganic salt/ceramic-based composite heat storage material, and designs a heat storage and exothermic high-temperature heat pipe heat exchanger according to the heat power of the concentrating heat collecting system and the power demand of the heat load.
  • the working principle of a high-temperature electrolyzed water hydrogen production system coupled with solar thermal energy is provided by solar energy
  • the photothermal-storage system provides thermal energy to a high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7, which efficiently electrolyzes water vapor to generate hydrogen and oxygen under the action of electrical energy and high temperature process heat.
  • the heat collecting device 2 After the sunlight is collected by the concentrating device 1, the heat collecting device 2 reaches about 1000 degrees. Heat is transferred to the heat exchanger unit 19 via the heat storage high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger 3, which exchanges heat to the hydrogen production system to heat the feed water and hydrogen mixture to above 800 °C.
  • the water is heated to a high temperature steam, and the hydrogen protection electrode in the mixture is not oxidized.
  • the high temperature state water vapor and hydrogen mixture enters the high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell 7 and is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the hydrogen and the remaining water vapor enter the separator of the hydrogen water vapor separator 8, and most of the hydrogen gas is separated, sent to the hydrogen cooler 9 to be cooled to normal temperature, and stored by the hydrogen storage device 10.
  • the water vapor and residual hydrogen are mixed with the feed water and then enter the heat exchanger to restart the cycle.
  • the oxygen is cooled by the oxygen cooler 11 to a normal temperature, and is stored by the oxygen storage device 12.
  • the cooling heat is absorbed by the circulating water and sent to the water tank 13 for recycling.

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Abstract

一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,该系统包括依次连接的热能供给模块(20),制氢及分离模块(21)和存储模块(22),热能供给模块(20)包括依次连接的聚光装置(1)、集热装置(2)、储热高温热管换热器(3)和换热器单元(19),并加热制氢及分离模块(21)中的水和氢气混合物至800℃以上的水蒸汽与氢气混合物后,电解分离氢气和氧气。和现有技术相比,该制氢系统,无需耗费化石能源,生产过程更为绿色环保,并且大幅的减小了耗电量;其提供稳定热源,解决了光热系统随天气变化而不稳定的情况,提高了系统的可用性,同时提高了系统的电解效率。

Description

一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能和氢能综合利用领域,具体讲涉及一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统。
背景技术
氢能是公认的清洁能源,作为低碳和零碳能源正在脱颖而出。它重量轻、热值高、燃烧性能好、无毒可回收再利用,是优质的二次能源。但是目前制约氢能大规模商业应用的重要因素就是还未找到一种廉价的制氢技术。而太阳能是最普遍一次能源,太阳能集热供热技术的运行成本很低,完全绿色零排放,将太阳能与氢能结合,开发一种更廉价的制氢技术是本发明所关注的。
现有的制氢技术中,电解水制氢中,电费占整个电解水制氢生产费用的80%左右。
而高温蒸汽电解制氢技术采用高温固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)电解水蒸汽,该技术具有电能消耗少、高效、成本较低等优点。为电解池提供800℃以上的高品质热能,可以由可再生能源或核能实现,但燃烧化石能源获得热能被认为并不经济也不环保。
常规的太阳能光热聚光系统并不能提供稳定的热能,随着天气的变化或日落之后,系统就无法稳定、持续运行。
因此,如何提供一种具有稳定热源并且能够保证系统的持续稳定运行的制氢系统,是本领域人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,该系统无需耗费化石能源,生产过程更为绿色环保,并且大幅的减小了耗电量;其提供稳定热源,解决了光热系统随天气变化而不稳定的情况,提高了系统的可用性和可靠性,同时提高了系统的电解效率。
一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,所述制氢系统包括依次连接的热能供给模块,制氢及分离模块和存储模块,所述制氢及分离模块上设有直流电源,所述制氢及分离模块和存储模块均与水箱连接;
所述热能供给模块包括依次连接的聚光装置、集热装置、储热高温热管换热器和换热器单元;
所述集热装置安装在所述聚光装置的焦点处,所述集热装置吸收所述聚光装置中的热能,使得所述集热装置的内部温度不低于1000℃;
所述储热高温热管换热器将所述集热装置收集到的热能输送至所述换热器单元;
所述换热器单元将所述集热装置收集的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块,加热所述制氢及分离模块中的水和氢气混合物至800℃以上的水蒸汽与氢气混合物。
优选的,所述换热器单元为蒸汽换热器,所述蒸汽换热器通过所述储热高温热管换热器将所述集热装置存储的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块。
优选的,所述换热器单元包括高温储热装置和与所述高温储热装置连接的放热高温热管换热器;
所述高温储热装置通过所述储热高温热管换热器存储所述集热装置中的热能,并保 持其内部温度高于800℃;
所述放热高温热管换热器将所述高温储热装置存储的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块。
优选的,所述制氢及分离模块包括高温固体氧化物电解池和氢气水蒸汽分离器;
所述高温固体氧化物电解池内设有阴极、电解质和阳极;
所述高温固体氧化物电解池上设有所述直流电源,所述高温固体氧化物电解池利用所述直流电源提供的电能将高温水蒸汽电解成为氢气与氧气;
所述氢气水蒸气分离器与所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阴极侧的顶端连接以接收氢气与水蒸汽的混合物并分离出纯氢气。
优选的,所述存储模块包括氢气冷却器、氢气存储装置、氧气冷却器和氧气存储装置;
所述氢气水蒸汽分离器、氢气冷却器和氢气存储器依次连接;
所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阳极侧、氧气冷却器和氧气存储装置依次连接,所述氧气冷却器接收并冷却所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阳极侧的氧气;
所述氢气冷却器与所述氧气冷却器连接。
优选的,所述换热单元与所述高温固体氧化物电解池连接;
所述换热单元将热能传输至所述高温固体氧化物电解池,使所述高温固体氧化物电解池内温度不低于800℃。
优选的,所述高温固体氧化物电解池与所述水箱之间连接有给水泵。
优选的,所述氢气冷却器和氧气冷却器均通过循环水泵与所述水箱连接。
优选的,所述聚光装置为蝶式聚光装置或塔式聚光装置。
优选的,所述高温储热装置采用高温陶瓷基复合相变储热材料或者高温陶瓷显热储热材料。
从上述的技术方案可以看出,本发明提供了一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,该系统包括依次连接的热能供给模块,制氢及分离模块和存储模块,热能供给模块包括依次连接的聚光装置、集热装置、储热高温热管换热器和换热器单元,并加热制氢及分离模块中的水和氢气混合物至800℃以上的水蒸汽与氢气混合物后,电解分离氢气和氧气。和现有技术相比,本发明提供的制氢系统,无需耗费化石能源,生产过程更为绿色环保,并且大幅的减小了耗电量;其提供稳定热源,解决了光热系统随天气变化而不稳定的情况,提高了系统的可用性,同时提高了系统的电解效率。
与最接近的现有技术比,本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优异效果:
1、本发明提供的技术方案,通过聚光装置、集热装置、储热高温热管换热器和换热器单元的设置,使得该系统无需耗费化石能源,生产过程更为绿色环保,并且大幅的减小了耗电量;其提供稳定热源,解决了光热系统随天气变化而不稳定的情况,提高了系统的可用性和可靠性,同时提高了系统的电解效率。
2、本发明提供的技术方案,采用太阳能光热聚光系统为电解水系统提供高品质热能,无需耗费化石能源,生产过程更为绿色环保。
3、本发明提供的技术方案,高温储热装置容量根据制氢系统的热负荷需求来确定,满足一个要求全天候连续工作的系统需要配置15小时甚至大容量的储热系统。高温相变储热系统为固体氧化物电解水制氢系统提供稳定热源,解决了光热系统随天气变化而 不稳定的情况,提高了系统的可用性。
4、本发明提供的技术方案,耦合了太阳能光热系统为固体氧化物电解水制氢系统提供高温热能,相比于常规碱性电解水制氢,系统电解效率提高20%以上。
5、本发明提供的技术方案,聚光器的形式和面积根据制氢系统的热负荷需求和储热装置容量来选择,分布式系统一般采用碟式聚光系统,可以提供50-200kW热功率;规模化系统采用塔式聚光系统,可以提供30MW左右的热功率,满足了不同形式系统的功率要求,适用性广泛。
6、本发明提供的技术方案,应用广泛,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简要地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统的连接示意图。
图2是本发明的制氢系统中的换热器单元为蒸汽换热器时的连接示意图。
图3是本发明的制氢系统的换热器单元包括高温储热装置和放热高温热管换热器时的连接示意图。
其中,1-聚光装置、2-集热装置、3-储热高温热管换热器、4-高温储热装置、5-放热高温热管换热器、6-直流电源、7-高温固体氧化物电解池、8-氢气水蒸汽分离器、9-氢气冷却器、10-氢气存储装置、11-氧气冷却器、12-氧气存储装置、13-水箱、14-给水泵、15-循环水泵、16-阳极、17-电解质、18-阴极、19-换热器单元、20-热能供给模块、21-制氢及分离模块、22-存储模块、23-蒸汽换热器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,系统包括依次连接的热能供给模块20,制氢及分离模块21和存储模块22,制氢及分离模块21上设有直流电源6,制氢及分离模块21和存储模块22均与水箱13连接;
热能供给模块20包括依次连接的聚光装置1、集热装置2、储热高温热管换热器3和换热器单元19;
集热装置2安装在聚光装置1的焦点处,集热装置2吸收聚光装置1中的热能,使得集热装置2的内部温度不低于1000℃;
储热高温热管换热器3将集热装置2收集到的热能输送至换热器单元19;
换热器单元19将集热装置2收集的热能传输给制氢及分离模块21,加热制氢及分离模块21中的水和氢气混合物至800℃以上的水蒸汽与氢气混合物。
如图2所示,换热器单元19为蒸汽换热器23,蒸汽换热器23通过储热高温热管 换热器3将集热装置2存储的热能传输给制氢及分离模块21。
如图3所示,换热单元包括高温储热装置4和与高温储热装置4连接的放热高温热管换热器5;
高温储热装置4通过储热高温热管换热器3存储集热装置2中的热能,并保持其内部温度高于800℃;采用高温热管技术将吸热器热能高效传导到高温储热装置,仍采用高温热换换热技术将高温储热装置热能高效传输到换热器加热水蒸汽。
放热高温热管换热器5将高温储热装置4存储的热能传输给制氢及分离模块21。
其中,制氢及分离模块21包括高温固体氧化物电解池7和氢气水蒸汽分离器8;
高温固体氧化物电解池7内设有阴极18、电解质17和阳极16;氢气与水蒸汽混合物和氧气经过不同管道收集并送出;
高温固体氧化物电解池7上设有直流电源6,高温固体氧化物电解池7利用直流电源6提供的电能将高温水蒸汽电解成为氢气与氧气;
氢气水蒸气分离器与高温固体氧化物电解池7的阴极18侧的顶端连接以接收氢气与水蒸汽的混合物并分离出纯氢气。
存储模块22包括氢气冷却器9、氢气存储装置10、氧气冷却器11和氧气存储装置12;
氢气水蒸汽分离器8、氢气冷却器9和氢气存储器依次连接;
高温固体氧化物电解池7的阳极16侧、氧气冷却器11和氧气存储装置12依次连接,氧气冷却器11接收并冷却高温固体氧化物电解池7的阳极16侧的氧气;
氢气冷却器9与氧气冷却器11连接,氢气冷却器9冷却氢气到常温,并回收热量到水箱13。氧气冷却器11冷却氧气到常温,并回收热量到水箱13。
换热器单元19与高温固体氧化物电解池7连接;
换热单元将热能传输至高温固体氧化物电解池7,使高温固体氧化物电解池7内温度不低于800℃。
其中,水箱13一方面用于为电解池提供给水,另一方面用于收集冷却高温氢气、氧气时所得到的热量,使热量能够循环利用而不散失,
高温固体氧化物电解池7与水箱13之间连接有给水泵14,给水泵14用于将给水送入电解池中,保持电解水系统的循环动力。
氢气冷却器9和氧气冷却器11均用循环水泵15与水箱13连接,,循环水泵15用于将水箱13中的水送入氢气冷却器9和氧气冷却器11,并循环回到水箱13。
聚光装置1为蝶式聚光装置1或塔式聚光装置1,其中聚光装置1的形式和面积根据制氢系统的热负荷需求和储热装置容量来选择,分布式系统一般采用碟式聚光系统,可以提供50-200kW热功率;规模化系统采用塔式聚光系统,可以提供30MW左右的热功率。
高温储热装置4采用高温陶瓷基复合相变储热材料或者高温陶瓷显热储热材料。其中,高温储热装置4容量根据制氢系统的热负荷需求来确定,一个要求全天候连续工作的系统需要配置15小时甚至大容量的储热系统。高温储热系统采用无机盐/陶瓷基复合储热材料,根据聚光集热系统的热功率和热负荷的功率需求设计储热、放热高温热管换热器5。
本发明提供的一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统的工作原理是由太阳能 光热-储热系统提供热能至高温固体氧化物电解池7,高温固体氧化物电解池7在电能和高温工艺热能的作用下,高效地将水蒸气电解生成氢气和氧气。
太阳光经过聚光装置1聚集后,集热装置2达到1000度左右。经过储热高温热管换热器3将热量传输给换热器单元19,换热器单元19将热量交换给制氢系统中,将给水和氢气混合物加热到800℃以上。
将水加热成为高温蒸汽,混合物中的氢气保护电极不被氧化。高温状态的水蒸汽和氢气混合物进入到高温固体氧化物电解池7中分解为氢气和氧气。氢气与剩余水蒸汽进入氢气水蒸汽分离器8分离器,大部分氢气被分离,送入氢气冷却器9冷却至常温,由氢气存储装置10储存。水蒸汽和剩余氢气与给水混合后进入换热器重新开始循环。
氧气由氧气冷却器11冷却至常温,由氧气存储装置12储存,冷却热量由循环水吸收后,被送入水箱13回收利用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换,而这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换,其均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢系统,所述制氢系统包括依次连接的热能供给模块,制氢及分离模块和存储模块,所述制氢及分离模块上设有直流电源,所述制氢及分离模块和存储模块均与水箱连接;其特征在于,
    所述热能供给模块包括依次连接的聚光装置、集热装置、储热高温热管换热器和换热器单元;
    所述集热装置安装在所述聚光装置的焦点处,所述集热装置吸收所述聚光装置中的热能,使得所述集热装置的内部温度不低于1000℃;
    所述储热高温热管换热器将所述集热装置收集到的热能输送至所述换热器单元;
    所述换热器单元将所述集热装置收集的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块,加热所述制氢及分离模块中的水和氢气混合物至800℃以上的水蒸汽与氢气混合物。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述换热器单元为蒸汽换热器,所述蒸汽换热器通过所述储热高温热管换热器将所述集热装置存储的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述换热器单元包括高温储热装置和与所述高温储热装置连接的放热高温热管换热器;
    所述高温储热装置通过所述储热高温热管换热器存储所述集热装置中的热能,并保持其内部温度高于800℃;
    所述放热高温热管换热器将所述高温储热装置存储的热能传输给所述制氢及分离模块。
  4. 如权利要求1或3所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述制氢及分离模块包括高温固体氧化物电解池和氢气水蒸汽分离器;
    所述高温固体氧化物电解池内设有阴极、电解质和阳极;
    所述高温固体氧化物电解池上设有所述直流电源,所述高温固体氧化物电解池利用所述直流电源提供的电能将高温水蒸汽电解成为氢气与氧气;
    所述氢气水蒸气分离器与所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阴极侧的顶端连接以接收氢气与水蒸汽的混合物并分离出纯氢气。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述存储模块包括氢气冷却器、氢气存储装置、氧气冷却器和氧气存储装置;
    所述氢气水蒸汽分离器、氢气冷却器和氢气存储器依次连接;
    所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阳极侧、氧气冷却器和氧气存储装置依次连接,所述氧气冷却器接收并冷却所述高温固体氧化物电解池的阳极侧的氧气;
    所述氢气冷却器与所述氧气冷却器连接。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述换热单元与所述高温固体氧化物电解池连接;
    所述换热单元将热能传输至所述高温固体氧化物电解池,使所述高温固体氧化物电解池内温度不低于800℃。
  7. 如权利要求4至6任一项所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述高温固体氧化物电解池与所述水箱之间连接有给水泵。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述氢气冷却器和氧气冷却器均通过循环水泵与所述水箱连接。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述聚光装置为蝶式聚光装置或塔式聚光装置。
  10. 如权利要求3所述的制氢系统,其特征在于,所述高温储热装置采用高温陶瓷基复合相变储热材料或者高温陶瓷显热储热材料。
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