WO2016149525A1 - Commande de frein à bande de treuil de forage pour système de forage automatique - Google Patents

Commande de frein à bande de treuil de forage pour système de forage automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016149525A1
WO2016149525A1 PCT/US2016/022926 US2016022926W WO2016149525A1 WO 2016149525 A1 WO2016149525 A1 WO 2016149525A1 US 2016022926 W US2016022926 W US 2016022926W WO 2016149525 A1 WO2016149525 A1 WO 2016149525A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
operatively coupled
linear actuator
band brake
drum
drawworks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/022926
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jorge L. SANCHEZ
Miguel A. MANCINI
Original Assignee
Axon Drilling Products, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Axon Drilling Products, Inc. filed Critical Axon Drilling Products, Inc.
Publication of WO2016149525A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016149525A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/008—Winding units, specially adapted for drilling operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/06—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect
    • B66D5/10—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect embodying bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/24—Operating devices
    • B66D5/30—Operating devices electrical

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to drilling wellbores into subterranean formations, and, more specifically, to systems and methods for automatically controlling a band brake handle of a drilling drawworks.
  • Drilling a wellbore into a subterranean formation often comprises both drilling and tripping operations.
  • the drilling operation often includes rotary drilling in which a hole is made in the subterranean formation through continuous circular motion of a drill bit that breaks rock at the bottom of the hole.
  • the drill bit is typically suspended from a collection of pipes, often referred to as a drill string.
  • the drill string is turned at the surface by a rotary table mechanism or top drive located on a drilling rig or similar lifting equipment. As this rotary motion is transferred to the drill bit, the drill bit gouges, scrapes, crushes, and/or breaks the rocks at the bottom of the hole thereby penetrating the subterranean formation and forming a wellbore.
  • the tripping operation often requires that the drill bit and/or drilling pipe be removed from the wellbore and/or introduced into the wellbore. Taking the drill bit out of the wellbore and onto the surface is commonly referred to as “tripping out of the hole.” Introducing the drill bit into the wellbore and lowering it until the point that it contacts the rock face is commonly referred to as “tripping in the hole.” A number of conditions may require tripping out of the hole and/or tripping in the hole, including, for example, completing a section of drilling and changing the drill bit.
  • the drilling rig or similar lifting equipment may contain a band brake type drawworks drum that rotates to raise or lower the drill string.
  • the speed at which the drill string is raised and lowered may be controlled by a band brake on the drawworks drum.
  • the band brake is operated manually by an operator using a large handle to apply friction to the band brake.
  • manually regulating the force applied to the drawworks band brake to maintain a constant drill string speed is very challenging for several reasons, including, but not limited to, non-linearity, response lag, parasitic response, temperature dependency, and torque lope. It is desirable to develop systems and methods for automatically controlling a band brake handle of a drilling drawworks.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an automated band brake drawworks system in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 depicts a process control diagram for operating the automatic drilling systems of the present disclosure in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure relates to drilling wellbores into subterranean formations. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling a band brake handle of a drilling drawworks.
  • Band brake type drilling drawworks may be utilized to raise and lower a drill string in a wellbore during drilling and tripping operations by adjusting the position of the band brake handle or shaft.
  • the rate at which the drill string is raised and lowered is often critical to efficient and safe drilling and tripping operations. Maintaining a constant drill string speed using manual control of the band brake handle is very challenging due to, among other reasons, changing process conditions, non-linearity, and response lag.
  • systems and methods for automatically controlling the band brake handle of a drilling drawworks based on process conditions may result in more efficient and safe drilling and tripping operations.
  • the systems and methods of the present disclosure may provide a band brake control apparatus that may be couple to the band brake handle in such a way that allows for the benefits of directly engaging the band brake handle with the band brake control apparatus while maintaining the ability to operate the band brake handle manually in the event of an emergency.
  • the manner in which the band brake control apparatus of the present disclosure may be coupled to the band brake handle also may allow for the response and force required for the fast actuation used in tripping operations.
  • the systems and methods of the present disclosure also may allow for automatic control of existing band brake type drilling drawworks by providing the ability to retrofit the apparatuses of the present disclosure onto existing drawworks drums even when space around the band brake handle and shaft is limited.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an automated band brake drawworks system 100 in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the automated band brake drawworks system 100 may comprise a drawworks drum 102 and a band brake 104.
  • the band brake 104 may before formed of steel or other suitable material with a band of friction material on its interior surface that tightens concentrically around the braking flange of the drawworks drum 102.
  • the band brake 104 may comprise a band brake shaft 105 and a band brake handle 106.
  • the band brake 104 is anchored at one end, and is movable at its other end through a connection via the band brake shaft 105 to the band brake handle 106.
  • the band brake handle 106 is arranged such that when the band brake handle 106 is lifted, the band brake 104 is released from engagement with the drawworks drum 102. Releasing the band brake 104 enables the drawworks drum 102 to rotate such that gravity can draw a drill string wound around the drawworks drum 102 (not illustrated herein) down into a wellbore. The linear motion of the drill string wound around the drawworks drum 102 is converted into axial rotation of the drawworks drum 102. Lowering or releasing the band brake handle 106 causes the band brake 104 to engage with the drawworks drum 102 and the rotation of the drawworks drum 102 is slowed or stopped. Alternatively, the band brake 104 can be controlled in a similar manner using the band brake shaft 105.
  • the automated band brake drawworks system 100 may further comprise an electric linear actuator 1 10 coupled to the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 by a detachable latch 108.
  • the detachable latch 108 may comprise a magnetic latch, an electromagnetic latch, and/or a mechanical latch.
  • the detachable latch 108 may be directly coupled to the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 and detachably coupled to the electric linear actuator 1 10.
  • the electric linear actuator 1 10 may be operatively coupled to a motor (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the motor may be internal to the electric linear actuator 1 10.
  • Motors suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, AC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors.
  • the rotational motion of the motor may be converted to linear motion of the electric linear actuator 1 10.
  • electric linear actuator 1 10 (or the motor operatively coupled thereto) may be operatively coupled to a motor drive 1 12, which in turn may be operativeiy coupled to the controller 1 14.
  • Motor drives suitable for used in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, servo drives, stepper drive, and/or variable frequency drives.
  • the motor drive 112 may control the speed and/or torque of the motor that drives the electric linear actuator 1 10 based on one or more control inputs from a controller 1 14.
  • the motor may internally contain a shaft encoder that measures motor shaft position in response to a change in voltage from the motor drive 1 12.
  • the shaft encoder may be operatively coupled to the motor drive 112.
  • the motor drive 1 12 may use the shaft position feedback to regulate the torque of the motor.
  • the motor drive 1 12 may be programmed to operate a closed loop to regulate the torque of the motor.
  • a drum position encoder 1 16 may be rotationally coupled to the drawworks drum 102 and operatively coupled to the controller 1 14.
  • the drum position encoder 1 16 may generate signals corresponding to drawworks drum position measurements 102 over time.
  • the controller 1 14 may receive the signals generated by the drum position encoder 1 16 and determine the rate of rotation of the drawworks drum 102 using the variation of the drawworks drum position over time.
  • the controller 1 14 may be programmed to operate a proportional integral derivative (PID) control loop to generate a control signal based on the difference between the determined rate of rotation of the drawworks drum 102 and a rate of rotation setpoint.
  • PID proportional integral derivative
  • the motor drive 112 may be operatively coupled to the controller 1 14 to receive the control signal such that the motor drive 112 operates the electric linear actuator 1 10 and/or the motor operatively coupled thereto to move the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105.
  • the motor drive 1 12 adjusts the acceleration of, the speed of, and/or the force applied by the electric linear actuator 1 10 to move the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105.
  • the automated band brake drawworks system 100 may further comprise a joystick 1 18 operatively coupled to the controller 1 14.
  • the joystick 1 18 may be used to manually adjust the acceleration of, the speed of, and/or the force applied by the electric linear actuator 1 10 to move the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105.
  • the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 may be detached from the electric linear actuator 1 10 using the detachable latch 108 and the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 may be manually operated.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a process control diagram for operating the automated band brake drawworks systems of the present disclosure in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • sensors may be placed throughout the drilling rig, the drilling equipment, and/or the subterranean formation to measure process conditions. Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, weight-on-bit sensors, differential pressure sensors, and drilling torque sensors.
  • one or more controllers 202 may be programmed to operate a proportional integral derivative (PID) control loop to generate one or more rate of penetration (“ROP") setpoints 204 based on the difference between the process condition measured by the sensor and a setpoint for that process condition.
  • PID proportional integral derivative
  • ROP rate of penetration
  • a ROP setpoint 206 also may be manually entered.
  • the ROP setpoints 204 from the enable controllers 202 and the manually entered ROP setpoint 206 may be sent to a selector 208.
  • the selector 208 may programmed to choose one of the ROP setpoints 204, 206 resulting in a selected ROP setpoint 210. In certain embodiments, the selector 208 may choose the lowest of the ROP setpoints 204, 206.
  • the selected ROP setpoint 210 may be sent to a controller 1 14.
  • the controller 1 14 may contain block calibration logic 212.
  • the block calibration logic 112 may be used along with manually entered information to convert the selected ROP setpoint 210 to a drawworks drum rate of rotation setpoint.
  • the controller 1 14 may receive drawworks drum position measurements 214 over time from the drum position encoder 1 16 and may use these drawworks drum position measurements 214 to determine the current rate of rotation of the drawworks drum 102.
  • the controller 1 14 may be programmed to operate a proportional integral derivative (PID) control loop to generate a control signal 216 based on the difference between the determined rate of rotation of the drawworks drum 102 and the drawworks drum rate of rotation setpoint.
  • PID proportional integral derivative
  • the control signal 216 and a manual input from a joystick 1 18 may be sent to a selector 218.
  • the selector 218 may choose either the control signal 216 or the manual input from the joystick 1 18 based, at least in part on, the operation mode (drilling or tripping) and/or the level of the signal from the joystick indicating operator input.
  • the selected signal 220 may be sent to the motor drive 1 12 as the linear actuator setpoint 226.
  • the selected signal 220 first may be sent to a signal addition block 222.
  • the signal addition block 222 also may receive an input from a pulse generator block 224.
  • the pulse generator block 224 may be configured to generate a wave (i.e., oscillating signal) of variable amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle.
  • the selected signal 220 and the input from the pulse generator block may be added by the signal addition block 222 to generate a pulsating linear actuator setpoint 226.
  • the pulsating linear actuator setpoint 226 may be sent to the motor drive 1 12.
  • the motor drive 1 12 may regulate the control voltage and current applied to the electric linear actuator 1 10 based on the linear actuator setpoint 226 to adjust the acceleration of, the speed of, and/or the force applied by the electric linear actuator 110.
  • the motor drive 112 may be programmed to operate a closed loop vector to regulate the torque of the motor that drives the electric linear actuator 1 10.
  • the motor drive 1 12 may receive shaft position feedback 228 from a shaft encoder on the motor to regulate the torque of the motor.
  • the motor drive 112 may be programmed to operate other control methods such as position, step, open loop vector, and/or V/f control.
  • the force of the electric linear actuator 1 10 may be transferred to the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 through direct engagement via a detachable latch 108.
  • the band brake handle 106 and/or the band brake shaft 105 may transfer the change in the applied force to the band brake 104 thus causing a change in the rate of rotation of the drawworks drum 102.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés pour commander automatiquement une manette de frein à bande d'un treuil de forage. Un système de treuil de forage à frein à bande automatique comprend : un actionneur linéaire électrique couplé fonctionnellement à un frein à bande ; un moteur couplé de manière fonctionnelle à l'actionneur linéaire électrique ; un entraînement à moteur couplé de manière fonctionnelle au moteur ; un contrôleur couplé de manière fonctionnelle à l'entraînement de moteur ; et un codeur de position de tambour couplé en rotation à un tambour de treuil de forage et couplé de manière fonctionnelle au contrôleur, le contrôleur et l'entraînement de moteur étant conçus pour faire fonctionner le moteur et l'actionneur linéaire électrique en réponse à des mesures de position de tambour prises par le codeur de position de tambour, de telle sorte qu'une vitesse de rotation sélectionnée du tambour de treuil de forage est sensiblement maintenue.
PCT/US2016/022926 2015-03-18 2016-03-17 Commande de frein à bande de treuil de forage pour système de forage automatique WO2016149525A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562134693P 2015-03-18 2015-03-18
US62/134,693 2015-03-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016149525A1 true WO2016149525A1 (fr) 2016-09-22

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108673227A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-10-19 安徽沃屹智能装备有限公司 一种具有防护功能的教学用钻孔设备
WO2020106610A1 (fr) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-28 National Oilwell Varco, L.P Interface universelle de dispositif de commande d'appareil de forage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5425435A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-06-20 Gregory Rig Service & Sales, Inc. Brake system for drilling equipment
US6029951A (en) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-29 Varco International, Inc. Control system for drawworks operations
WO2005113930A1 (fr) * 2004-04-22 2005-12-01 Noble Drilling Services, Inc. Systeme de forage automatique
US20060249719A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Gerald Lesko Electric drawworks for a drilling rig
US20110174538A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-21 Yun Tak Chan Control system for drilling operations

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5425435A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-06-20 Gregory Rig Service & Sales, Inc. Brake system for drilling equipment
US5425435B1 (en) * 1993-09-15 2000-12-05 Rig Gregory Serv & Sales Inc Brake system for drilling equipment
US6029951A (en) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-29 Varco International, Inc. Control system for drawworks operations
WO2005113930A1 (fr) * 2004-04-22 2005-12-01 Noble Drilling Services, Inc. Systeme de forage automatique
US20060249719A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Gerald Lesko Electric drawworks for a drilling rig
US20110174538A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-21 Yun Tak Chan Control system for drilling operations

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108673227A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-10-19 安徽沃屹智能装备有限公司 一种具有防护功能的教学用钻孔设备
WO2020106610A1 (fr) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-28 National Oilwell Varco, L.P Interface universelle de dispositif de commande d'appareil de forage
GB2592798A (en) * 2018-11-19 2021-09-08 Nat Oilwell Varco Lp Universal rig controller interface
US11598196B2 (en) 2018-11-19 2023-03-07 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Universal rig controller interface
GB2592798B (en) * 2018-11-19 2023-04-12 Nat Oilwell Varco Lp Universal rig controller interface

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