WO2016148466A1 - 프리앰블의 bicm 모드 및 ofdm 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 심볼을 포함한 부트스트랩을 이용한 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치 및 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법 - Google Patents
프리앰블의 bicm 모드 및 ofdm 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 심볼을 포함한 부트스트랩을 이용한 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치 및 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/26025—Numerology, i.e. varying one or more of symbol duration, subcarrier spacing, Fourier transform size, sampling rate or down-clocking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
- H04L27/2032—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner
- H04L27/2053—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases
- H04L27/206—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases using a pair of orthogonal carriers, e.g. quadrature carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/10—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmission / reception technique used in a broadcast system, and more particularly, to a broadcast signal transmission / reception system for transmitting / receiving a broadcast signal using a frame including a signaling field such as bootstrap or preamble. .
- Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation is a bandwidth-efficient transmission technology that includes an error-correction coder, a bit-by-bit interleaver, and a high-order modulator. In combined form.
- BICM can provide excellent performance with a simple structure by using a low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder or a turbo encoder as an error correction encoder.
- LDPC low-density parity check
- turbo encoder a turbo encoder
- BICM provides a high level of flexibility because it can select various modulation orders, error correction codes, lengths, and code rates. Because of these advantages, BICM is not only used in broadcasting standards such as DVB-T2 and DVB-NGH, but also in other next generation broadcasting systems.
- Such BICM can be used not only for data transmission but also for signaling information transmission.
- channel coding and modulation techniques for signaling information transmission need to be more robust than channel coding and modulation techniques for data transmission.
- an object of the present invention is to enable signaling BICM mode suitable for a desired service using signaling BICM modes that provide various SNRs.
- the bootstrap includes a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the symbol may correspond to a fixed-length bit string signaling the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of L1-Basic together.
- the fixed-length bit string may be a bit string capable of identifying 256 combinations.
- the OFDM parameter may correspond to a combination of FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern.
- the BICM mode is a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, and a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, the non uniform constellation (16-NUC) and the inefficiency 3/15, respectively.
- Fourth mode, 64-NON (Non Uniform Constellation), and a fifth mode for identifying inefficiency 3/15 may be included.
- the OFDM parameter supports all combinations of FFT size and guard interval length corresponding to data symbols for each of the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode, and the fifth mode, and all the combinations. It may correspond to the 32 selection pilot patterns generated by selecting one or two of the pilot patterns corresponding to each of the two.
- the first mode may perform parity repetition
- the second and third modes may not perform parity repetition
- the parity puncturing size of the second mode may be larger than the parity puncturing size of the first mode and smaller than the parity puncturing size of the third mode.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length shorter than the first guard interval length is preferred to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. It may correspond to a lookup table to be allocated.
- the symbol is the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode and the first mode for the combination of the same FFT size, Guard Interval length and pilot pattern (pilot pattern)
- the five modes may correspond to lookup tables that are allocated in robustness order.
- the broadcast signal frame generation method interleaving the BICM output signal to generate a time interleaved signal; And generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble by using the time interleaved signal.
- the bootstrap includes a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the symbol may correspond to a fixed-length bit string signaling the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of L1-Basic together.
- the fixed-length bit string may be a bit string capable of identifying 256 combinations.
- the OFDM parameter may correspond to a combination of FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern.
- the BICM mode is a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, and a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, the non uniform constellation (16-NUC) and the inefficiency 3/15, respectively.
- Fourth mode, 64-NON (Non Uniform Constellation), and a fifth mode for identifying inefficiency 3/15 may be included.
- the OFDM parameter supports all combinations of FFT size and guard interval length corresponding to data symbols for each of the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode, and the fifth mode, and all the combinations. It may correspond to the 32 selection pilot patterns generated by selecting one or two of the pilot patterns corresponding to each of the two.
- the first mode may perform parity repetition
- the second and third modes may not perform parity repetition
- the parity puncturing size of the second mode may be larger than the parity puncturing size of the first mode and smaller than the parity puncturing size of the third mode.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length shorter than the first guard interval length is preferred to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. It may correspond to a lookup table to be allocated.
- the symbol is the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode and the first mode for the combination of the same FFT size, Guard Interval length and pilot pattern (pilot pattern)
- the five modes may correspond to lookup tables that are allocated in robustness order.
- a new broadcast signal frame structure capable of efficiently signaling a BICM mode or an OFDM parameter of a signaling field used for transmitting signaling information in a broadcast system channel is provided.
- the present invention can efficiently use a signaling BICM mode suitable for a desired service by using signaling BICM modes providing various SNRs.
- the present invention can efficiently signal the BICM mode such as constellation or code rate and OFDM parameters such as FFT size, guard interval or pilot pattern at the same time.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a broadcast signal frame structure.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a core layer BICM decoder and an enhanced layer symbol extractor illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the core layer BICM decoder and the enhanced layer symbol extractor illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the core layer BICM decoder and the enhanced layer symbol extractor illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a power increase due to a combination of a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal frame generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a signaling information encoding / decoding system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of a zero padding unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of the parity permutation unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of the zero removing unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a broadcast signal transmission / reception system includes a broadcast signal transmission device 110, a wireless channel 120, and a broadcast signal reception device 130.
- the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus 110 includes a broadcast signal frame generating apparatus 111 and an OFDM transmitter 113 for generating a broadcast signal frame by multiplexing core layer data and enhanced layer data.
- the broadcast signal frame generating apparatus 111 combines the core layer signal corresponding to the core layer data and the enhanced layer signal corresponding to the enhanced layer data into different power levels, and the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal. Interleaving is applied together to generate a multiplexed signal.
- the broadcast signal frame generation device 111 may generate a broadcast signal frame including the bootstrap and the preamble using the time interleaved signal.
- the broadcast signal frame may be an ATSC 3.0 frame.
- the broadcast signal frame generating apparatus 111 may interleave one layer signal and generate a broadcast signal frame without combining two layer signals.
- the OFDM transmitter 113 transmits the generated broadcast signal frame through the antenna 117 using an OFDM communication scheme, so that the transmitted OFDM signal is transmitted through the wireless channel 120 to the antenna 137 of the broadcast signal receiving apparatus 130. To be received via.
- the broadcast signal receiving apparatus 130 includes an OFDM receiver 133 and a signal demultiplexing apparatus 131.
- the OFDM receiver 133 receives the OFDM signal through synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization processes. do.
- the OFDM receiver 133 detects and demodulates a bootstrap from the OFDM signal, demodulates a preamble using information included in the bootstrap, and demodulates a data payload using information included in the preamble.
- the data payload may be a superimposed payload in which two or more layer data are combined.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus 131 first recovers core layer data from a signal (superimposed payload) received through the OFDM receiver 133, and through cancellation corresponding to the recovered core layer data. Restore the enhanced layer data.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus 131 first generates a broadcast signal frame, restores a bootstrap from the broadcast signal frame, restores a preamble using information included in the bootstrap, and then includes signaling information data included in the preamble. It can be used to restore the signal.
- the signaling information may be L1 signaling information, and may include injection level information, normalizing factor information, and the like.
- the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame 111 shown in FIG. 1 includes: a combiner for generating a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal with different power levels; A power normalizer for lowering the power of the multiplexed signal to a power corresponding to the core layer signal; A time interleaver for generating a time interleaved signal by performing interleaving applied to the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal together; And a frame builder for generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal.
- a combiner for generating a multiplexed signal by combining the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal with different power levels;
- a power normalizer for lowering the power of the multiplexed signal to a power corresponding to the core layer signal;
- a time interleaver for generating a time interleaved signal by performing interleaving applied to the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal together;
- a frame builder for generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal;
- an OFDM transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signal frame through an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme.
- the broadcast signal frame generating apparatus 111 shown in FIG. 1 includes a time interleaver for interleaving a BICM output signal to generate a time interleaved signal in the case of a single layer; And a frame builder for generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the BICM output signal may be an output signal of the BICM device to be described later.
- the broadcast signal transmission apparatus 110 shown in Figure 1 includes a time interleaver for interleaving the BICM output signal to generate a time interleaved signal; A frame builder for generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal; And an OFDM transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signal frame through an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a time deinterleaver for generating time deinterleaving signals by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; A de-normalizer for raising the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by the power normalizer of the transmitter; A core layer BICM decoder for recovering core layer data from the signal adjusted by the de-normalizer; An enhancement for extracting an enhanced layer signal by performing a cancellation corresponding to the core layer data with respect to a signal controlled by the de-normalizer using an output signal of a core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder.
- De-layer symbol extractor A de-injection level controller for raising the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter; And an enhanced layer BICM decoder for restoring enhanced layer data by using the output signal of the de-injection level controller.
- 1 includes an OFDM receiver for generating a received signal by performing any one or more of synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization on a transmitted signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; A time deinterleaver for generating a time deinterleaving signal by applying time deinterleaving to the received signal; A de-normalizer for raising the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by the power normalizer of the transmitter; A core layer BICM decoder for recovering core layer data from the signal adjusted by the de-normalizer; An enhancement for extracting an enhanced layer signal by performing a cancellation corresponding to the core layer data with respect to a signal controlled by the de-normalizer using an output signal of a core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder.
- De-layer symbol extractor A de-injection level controller for raising the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter; And an enhanced layer BICM decoder for restoring enhanced layer data by using the output signal of the de-injection level controller.
- the broadcast signal transmission / reception system may multiplex / demultiplex one or more enhancement layer data in addition to core layer data and enhanced layer data.
- the enhancement layer data may be multiplexed at a lower power level than the core layer data and the enhanced layer data.
- the injection power level of the second extension layer is lower than the injection power level of the first extension layer
- the injection power level of the third extension layer is lower than the injection power level of the second extension layer. Can be.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble is formed by combining and multiplexing a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels. It generates (S210).
- the broadcast signal frame generated by step S210 may include a bootstrap, a preamble, and a data payload.
- the data payload may be a super-impended payload.
- any one or more of the bootstrap and the preamble may include L1 signaling information.
- the L1 signaling information may include injection level information and normalizing factor information.
- step S210 may generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble by interleaving the BICM output signal.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the broadcast signal transmission / reception method performs OFDM transmission of a broadcast signal frame (S220).
- the broadcast signal transmission / reception method receives the transmitted signal by OFDM (S230).
- step S230 may perform synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization processes.
- step S230 may restore the bootstrap, restore the preamble using the signal included in the restored bootstrap, and restore the data signal using the signaling information included in the preamble.
- the broadcast signal transmission / reception method restores core layer data from the received signal (S240).
- the broadcast signal transmission / reception method restores enhanced layer data through core layer signal cancellation (S250).
- steps S240 and S250 illustrated in FIG. 2 may correspond to a demultiplexing operation corresponding to step S210.
- step S210 illustrated in FIG. 2 may include combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels to generate a multiplexed signal; Lowering the power of the multiplexed signal to a power corresponding to the core layer signal; Generating a time interleaved signal by performing interleaving applied to the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal together; And generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble by using the time interleaved signal.
- the broadcast signal transmission method of step S210 and step S220 includes the steps of combining the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal at different power levels to generate a multiplexed signal; Lowering the power of the multiplexed signal to a power corresponding to the core layer signal; Generating a time interleaved signal by performing interleaving applied to the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal together; Generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal; And transmitting the broadcast signal frame through an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme.
- step S210 illustrated in FIG. 2 may include interleaving a BICM output signal to generate a time interleaved signal; And generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble by using the time interleaved signal.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the broadcast signal transmission method of step S210 and step S220 includes the steps of: interleaving the BICM output signal to generate a time interleaved signal; Generating a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time interleaved signal; And transmitting the broadcast signal frame through an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- steps S240 and S250 illustrated in FIG. 2 may include generating time deinterleaving signals by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; Increasing the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by a power normalizer of the transmitter; Restoring core layer data from the power adjusted signal; Extracting an enhanced layer signal by performing cancellation on the core layer data with respect to the power adjusted signal; Increasing the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter; And restoring enhanced layer data by using the adjusted power enhancement layer signal.
- the broadcast signal receiving method generating a received signal by performing any one or more of the synchronization, channel estimation and equalization for the transmitted signal corresponding to the broadcast signal frame; Generating a time deinterleaving signal by applying time deinterleaving to the received signal; Increasing the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by a power normalizer of the transmitter; Restoring core layer data from the power adjusted signal; Extracting an enhanced layer signal by performing cancellation on the core layer data with respect to the power adjusted signal; Increasing the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter; And restoring enhanced layer data by using the adjusted power enhancement signal.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames shown in FIG. 1.
- the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame includes a core layer BICM unit 310, an enhanced layer BICM unit 320, an injection level controller 330, a combiner 340, and a power source. It may include a normalizer 345, a time interleaver 350, a signaling generator 360, and a frame builder 370.
- a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device includes an error correction encoder, a bit interleaver, and a symbol mapper, and the core layer BICM unit 310 and the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 illustrated in FIG. It may include a correction encoder, a bit interleaver, and a symbol mapper.
- the error correction encoder illustrated in FIG. 3 may be a combination of a BCH encoder and an LDPC encoder in series. At this time, the input of the error correction encoder may be input to the BCH encoder, the output of the BCH encoder may be input to the LDPC encoder, and the output of the LDPC encoder may be the output of the error correction encoder.
- the core layer data and the enhanced layer data pass through different BICM units and then merge through the combiner 340.
- layered division multiplexing may refer to a plurality of layers combined and transmitted using a power difference.
- the core layer data passes through the core layer BICM unit 310, and the enhanced layer data passes through the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 and then is combined in the combiner 340 through the injection level controller 330.
- the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 may perform different BICM encoding from the core layer BICM unit 310. That is, the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 may perform error correction encoding or symbol mapping corresponding to a higher bit rate than the core layer BICM unit 310. In addition, the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 may perform error correction encoding or symbol mapping that is less robust than the core layer BICM unit 310.
- the core layer error correction encoder may have a lower bit rate than the enhanced layer error correction encoder.
- the enhanced layer symbol mapper may be less robust than the core layer symbol mapper.
- the combiner 340 may be regarded as combining the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal at different power levels. According to an embodiment, the power level adjustment may be performed on the core layer signal rather than the enhanced layer signal. In this case, the power for the core layer signal may be adjusted to be greater than the power of the enhanced layer signal.
- Core layer data uses low code rate forward error correction (FEC) codes for robust reception, while enhanced layer data uses high code rate FEC codes for high data rates. Can be.
- FEC forward error correction
- the core layer data may have a wider coverage area in the same reception environment as compared with the enhanced layer data.
- the enhanced layer data passing through the enhanced layer BICM unit 320 is adjusted through the injection level controller 330 to be combined with the core layer data by the combiner 340.
- the injection level controller 330 reduces the power of the enhanced layer signal to generate a power reduced enhanced layer signal.
- the magnitude of the signal adjusted by the injection level controller 330 may be determined according to the injection level.
- the injection level when the signal B is inserted into the signal A may be defined as in Equation 1 below.
- the injection level is 3 dB when inserting the enhanced layer signal into the core layer signal, it means that the enhanced layer signal has a power amount corresponding to half of the core layer signal.
- the injection level controller 330 may adjust the power level of the enhanced layer signal at 0.5 dB intervals from 3.0 dB to 10.0 dB.
- the transmit power allocated to the core layer is larger than the transmit power allocated to the enhanced layer, and thus the receiver can preferentially decode the core layer.
- the combiner 340 may be considered to generate a multiplexed signal by combining the core layer signal and the power reduced enhanced layer signal.
- the signal coupled by the combiner 340 is provided to the power normalizer 345 to lower the power by the power increase generated by the combination of the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal, thereby performing power adjustment. That is, the power normalizer 345 lowers the power of the signal multiplexed by the combiner 340 to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal. Since the level of the combined signal is higher than the level of one layer signal, power normalization of the power normalizer 345 is necessary to prevent amplitude clipping or the like in the rest of the broadcast signal transmission / reception system.
- the power normalizer 345 may multiply the normalizing factor of Equation 2 by the magnitude of the combined signal to adjust the appropriate signal size. Injection level information for calculating Equation 2 may be transferred to the power normalizer 345 through a signaling flow.
- the combined signal is It can be expressed as
- ⁇ represents a scaling factor corresponding to various injection levels. That is, the injection level controller 330 may correspond to a scaling factor.
- the combined signal It can be expressed as
- the power normalizer 345 Since the power of the combined signal (multiplexed signal) has increased compared to the core layer signal, the power normalizer 345 must mitigate this power increase.
- the output of the power normalizer 345 is It can be expressed as
- ⁇ represents a normalizing factor according to various injection levels of the enhanced layer.
- the output of the power normalizer 345 is It can be expressed as
- the relationship between the injection level and the scaling factor ⁇ and the normalizing factor ⁇ may be defined as follows.
- the power normalizer 345 corresponds to a normalizing factor, and may be viewed as lowering the power of the multiplexed signal by the combiner 340.
- the normalizing factor and the scaling factor may be rational numbers larger than 0 and smaller than 1, respectively.
- the scaling factor may decrease as the power reduction corresponding to the injection level controller 330 increases, and the normalizing factor may increase as the power reduction corresponding to the injection level controller 330 increases.
- the power normalized signal passes through a time interleaver 350 to distribute the burst errors occurring in the channel.
- the time interleaver 350 may be regarded as performing interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal. That is, since the core layer and the enhanced layer share the time interleaver, unnecessary memory usage can be prevented and latency at the receiver can be reduced.
- the enhanced layer signal may correspond to enhanced layer data reconstructed based on cancellation corresponding to reconstruction of core layer data corresponding to the core layer signal, and the combiner 340 may correspond to the core layer.
- One or more extension layer signals of a lower power level than the signal and enhanced layer signal may be combined with the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.
- the L1 signaling information including the injection level information is encoded by the signaling generator 360 including the signaling-only BICM.
- the signaling generator 360 may receive the injection level information IL INFO from the injection level controller 330 to generate the L1 signaling signal.
- L1 represents Layer-1, which is the lowest layer of the ISO 7 layer model.
- the L1 signaling may be included in the preamble.
- the L1 signaling may include an FFT size, a guard interval size, which are the main parameters of the OFDM transmitter, a channel code rate, modulation information, etc. which are the main parameters of the BICM.
- the L1 signaling signal is combined with the data signal to form a broadcast signal frame.
- the frame builder 370 combines the L1 signaling signal and the data signal to generate a broadcast signal frame.
- the frame builder 370 may generate a broadcast signal frame including the bootstrap and the preamble using the time interleaved signal.
- the frame builder 370 may include a bootstrap generator that generates the bootstrap
- a preamble generating unit generating the preamble; And a data payload generator configured to generate a data payload corresponding to the time interleaved signal. At this time, the data payload may be a super-imposed payload.
- the enhanced layer BICM unit 320, the injection level controller 330, the combiner 340, and the power normalizer 345 may be omitted.
- the time interleaver 350 may interleave the BICM output signal of the core layer BICM unit 310 to generate a time interleaved signal.
- the frame builder 370 may generate a broadcast signal frame including the bootstrap and the preamble using the time interleaved signal.
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- the symbol may correspond to a fixed-length bit string signaling the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of L1-Basic together.
- the fixed-length bit string may be a bit string capable of identifying 256 combinations. That is, the fixed length bit string may be 8 bits.
- the OFDM parameter may correspond to a combination of FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern.
- the BICM mode is a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, and a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, the non uniform constellation (16-NUC) and the inefficiency 3/15, respectively.
- Fourth mode, 64-NON (Non Uniform Constellation), and a fifth mode for identifying inefficiency 3/15 may be included.
- the OFDM parameter supports all combinations of FFT size and guard interval length corresponding to data symbols for each of the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode, and the fifth mode, and all the combinations. It may correspond to the 32 selection pilot patterns generated by selecting one or two of the pilot patterns corresponding to each of the two.
- the first mode may perform parity repetition
- the second and third modes may not perform parity repetition
- the parity puncturing size of the second mode may be larger than the parity puncturing size of the first mode and smaller than the parity puncturing size of the third mode.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length shorter than the first guard interval length is preferred to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. It may correspond to a lookup table to be allocated.
- the symbol is the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode and the first mode for the combination of the same FFT size, Guard Interval length and pilot pattern (pilot pattern)
- the five modes may correspond to lookup tables that are allocated in robustness order.
- the bootstrap may be shorter than the preamble and have a fixed length.
- the preamble may include L1-Basic and L1-Detail
- the bootstrap may include a symbol representing the structure of the L1-Basic.
- the BICM mode may correspond to the constellation (modulation method) / code rate.
- the broadcast signal frame is transmitted through an OFDM transmitter that is robust to multipath and Doppler.
- the OFDM transmitter may be regarded as responsible for generating a transmission signal of a next generation broadcasting system.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a broadcast signal frame structure.
- the broadcast signal frame includes a bootstrap 410, a preamble 420, and a data payload 430.
- the data payload may be a super-imposed payload.
- the frame shown in FIG. 4 may be included in a super-frame.
- the broadcast signal frame may be composed of one or more OFDM symbols.
- the broadcast signal frame may include a reference symbol or a pilot symbol.
- the frame structure to which Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) is applied includes a bootstrap 410, a preamble 420, and a super-imposed payload 430 as shown in FIG. 4.
- LDM Layered Division Multiplexing
- the bootstrap 410 and the preamble 420 may be regarded as hierarchical two preambles.
- the bootstrap 410 may have a length shorter than that of the preamble 420 for fast acquisition and detection.
- the bootstrap 410 may have a fixed length.
- the bootstrap 410 may include a symbol of a fixed length.
- the bootstrap 410 may consist of four OFDM symbols each 0.5 ms long and may have a fixed time length of 2 ms in total.
- the bootstrap 410 may have a fixed bandwidth, and the preamble 420 and the super-imposed payload 430 may have a wider and variable bandwidth than the bootstrap 410.
- the preamble 420 may transmit detailed signaling information using a robust LDPC code.
- the length of the preamble 420 may vary according to the signaling information.
- the bootstrap 410 and the payload 430 may both be seen as corresponding to a common signal shared by several layers.
- the super-imposed payload 430 may correspond to a signal in which two or more layer signals are multiplexed.
- the super-imposed payload 430 may be a combination of the core layer payload and the enhanced layer payload at different power levels.
- an in-band signaling section may be included in the core layer payload.
- the in-band signaling unit may include signaling information for the enhanced layer service.
- the bootstrap 410 may include a symbol indicating the structure of the preamble.
- the symbol included in the bootstrap to indicate the structure of the preamble may be set as shown in Table 1 below.
- a fixed symbol of 7 bits may be allocated.
- L1-Basic Mode 1, L1-Basic Mode 2, and L1-Basic Mode 3 described in Table 1 may correspond to QPSK and 3/15 LDPC.
- L1-Basic Mode 1 may correspond to 3/15, QPSK, parity repetition ON, and first puncturing size. Parity repetition and puncturing will be described later.
- L1-Basic Mode 2 may correspond to a second puncturing size that is greater than 3/15, QPSK, parity repetition off and first puncturing size.
- L1-Basic Mode 3 may correspond to a third puncturing size that is greater than 3/15, QPSK, parity repetition off, and second puncturing size.
- L1-Basic Mode 4 described in Table 1 may correspond to 16-NUC (Non Uniform Constellation) and 3/15 LDPC.
- L1-Basic Mode 5 described in Table 1 may correspond to 64-NUC (Non Uniform Constellation) and 3/15 LDPC.
- L1-Basic Mode 6 and L1-Basic Mode 7 described in Table 1 may correspond to 256-NUC (Non Uniform Constellation) and 3/15 LDPC.
- the modulation method / code rate described below represents a combination of a modulation method and a code rate, such as QPSK and 3/15 LDPC.
- the FFT size described in Table 1 may indicate a Fast Fourier Transform size.
- the GI length described in Table 1 indicates a guard interval length and may indicate a length of a guard interval rather than data in the time domain. At this time, the longer the guard interval length, the more robust the system is.
- the pilot pattern described in Table 1 may indicate the Dx of the pilot pattern.
- Dy may be all 1 (also in Table 2 below).
- Dx corresponds to the separation of pilot bearing carriers
- Dy corresponds to the number of symbols forming one scattered pilot sequence. It may be.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second modulation method / coding rate which is stronger than the first modulation method / coding rate, takes precedence over the preamble structure corresponding to the first modulation method / coding rate. Can be assigned to a table.
- the preferential allocation may be stored in the lookup table corresponding to a smaller number of indexes.
- a preamble structure corresponding to a second FFT size smaller than the first FFT size may be allocated to the lookup table in preference to the preamble structure corresponding to the first FFT size.
- a preamble structure corresponding to a second guard interval larger than the first guard interval may be allocated to the lookup table in preference to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval.
- the preamble structure identification using the bootstrap can be more efficiently performed by setting the order in which the preamble structures are allocated to the lookup table.
- Table 2 below is another example of a lookup table.
- preamble_structure FFT Size GI Length (samples) Preamble Pilot Dx L1-BasicFEC Mode 0 8192 192 16 L1-Basic Mode 1 One 8192 192 16 L1-Basic Mode 2 2 8192 192 16 L1-Basic Mode 3 3 8192 192 16 L1-Basic Mode 4 4 8192 192 16 L1-Basic Mode 5 5 8192 384 8 L1-Basic Mode 1 6 8192 384 8 L1-Basic Mode 2 7 8192 384 8 L1-Basic Mode 3 8 8192 384 8 L1-Basic Mode 4 9 8192 384 8 L1-Basic Mode 5 10 8192 512 6 L1-Basic Mode 1 11 8192 512 6 L1-Basic Mode 2 12 8192 512 6 L1-Basic Mode 3 13 8192 512 6 L1-Basic Mode 4 14 8192 512 6 L1-Basic Mode 5 15 8192 768 4 L1-Basic Mode 1 16 8192 768 4 L1-Basic Mode
- 8-bit fixed symbols may be allocated.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length shorter than the first guard interval length is preferentially assigned to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. Can be.
- the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode, and the fifth mode are in order of robustness. May be assigned.
- the OFDM parameters (combination of FFT size, guard interval length and pilot pattern) described in Table 1 and Table 2 may be selected when the strongest scattered pilot pattern is selected when the FFT size and guard interval length are determined. have.
- a symbol corresponding to a fixed length bit string may be an 8-bit symbol. Since the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter are signaled together using the 8-bit symbol, the receiver receiving the 8-bit symbol can identify the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter together from one 8-bit symbol.
- the transmission / reception complexity of the broadcast communication system can be reduced and the efficiency of system operation can be achieved.
- the order of allocation of the lookup table of Table 1 or Table 2 may greatly influence the performance of the system. That is, since an error may occur in some bits of the signaling signal received at the receiver, the signaling signal recovery performance may vary greatly depending on how the allocation order is set.
- Table 3 shows the robustness of the seven BICM modes of L1-Basic.
- L1-Detail is more robust by 1.5 dB than the most robust dB in data FEC, and L1-Basic is more robust by 1.5 dB than L1-Detail.
- Table 3 shows an example in which each of the seven BICM modes of L1-Basic is 1.5dB more robust than L1-Detail, but according to the embodiment, L1-Basic Mode 1 and L1-Basic Mode 2 correspond to -9.2dB. In addition, L1-Basic Mode 3 and L-Basic Mode 4 correspond to 1.2dB, and L-Basic Mode 5, L1-Basic Mode 6, and L1-Basic Mode 7 may correspond to 9.9dB.
- Table 4 below shows combinations of FFT size, guard interval length and pilot pattern.
- 8K FFT corresponds to 8192
- 16K FFT corresponds to 16384
- 32K FFT corresponds to 32768.
- SP represents the Scattered Pattern
- the number after the SP may represent Dx.
- SP3_2 indicates that Dx is 3 and SP6_2 indicates that Dx is 6.
- the number after '_' may indicate Dy corresponding to the data symbol.
- SP3_2 may indicate that Dy is 2 for a data symbol and SP6_4 may indicate that Dy is 4 for a data symbol.
- the combinations of the FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern described in Table 4 may be all combinations corresponding to data symbols of the broadcast system.
- the OFDM parameters of the preamble include 32 FFT sizes for each of five BICM modes L1-Basic Mode 1, L1-Basic Mode 2, L1-Basic Mode 3, L1-Basic Mode 4, and L1-Basic Mode 5. Combinations of guard interval length and pilot pattern can be supported.
- the pilot pattern corresponding to the 32 combinations supported by the OFDM parameter of the preamble is highlighted in square brackets [] in Table 4.
- All cells not listed as N / A in Table 4 may represent all combinations of FFT size and guard interval length corresponding to data symbols.
- the pilot patterns described in the data cell may be pilot patterns that can be supported by a combination of a corresponding FFT size and a guard interval length in the case of a data symbol.
- one or two of the pilot patterns described in each of the cells of Table 4 may correspond to a total of 32 selected pilot patterns ([]) generated.
- Dx of the selected pilot patterns is a value of Table 4, but Dy may always be 1.
- Dx corresponding to the data symbol is 4 and Dy is 2, but in the case of an OFDM parameter, Dx is 4 and Dy may be 1.
- Dx corresponding to the data symbol is 8 and Dy is 2, but in the case of an OFDM parameter, Dx is 8 and Dy may be 1.
- a pilot pattern corresponding to the least common multiple may be selected as the selection pilot pattern. That is, when there is a pilot pattern corresponding to the least common multiple of pilot patterns supported by each cell, only one pilot pattern corresponding to the least common multiple may be selected as the selection pilot pattern. If a pilot pattern corresponding to the least common multiple among pilot patterns supported by each cell does not exist, two or more selection pilot patterns may be selected.
- the combination of the guard interval length 3072 and the FFT size 32K and the combination of the guard interval length 3648 and the FFT size 32K are two or more selected pilot patterns.
- the core layer data is demodulated using the signaling information, and the enhanced layer signal is demodulated through a cancellation process corresponding to the core layer data.
- the cancellation corresponding to the core layer data will be described in more detail later.
- the signaling information may be L1 (Layer-1) signaling information.
- the L1 signaling information may include information necessary for configuring physical layer parameters.
- the broadcast signal frame includes an L1 signaling signal and a data signal.
- the broadcast signal frame may be an ATSC 3.0 frame.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames shown in FIG. 1.
- the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames multiplexes data corresponding to N extension layers in addition to the core layer data and the enhanced layer data. .
- the apparatus for generating a broadcast signal frame illustrated in FIG. 5 includes the core layer BICM unit 310, the enhanced layer BICM unit 320, the injection level controller 330, the combiner 340, the power normalizer 345, and the time.
- the signaling generator 360 and the frame builder 370 the N enhancement layer BICM units 410, ..., 430 and injection level controllers 440, ..., 460 are included. .
- 360 and the frame builder 370 have already been described in detail with reference to FIG. 3.
- the N enhancement layer BICM units 410, ..., 430 independently perform BICM encoding, and the injection level controllers 440, ..., 460 perform power reducing corresponding to each enhancement layer.
- the power reduced extended layer signal is combined with other layer signals through the combiner 340.
- the error correction encoder of each of the enhancement layer BICM units 410,..., 430 may be a BCH encoder and an LDPC encoder connected in series.
- the power reduction corresponding to each of the injection level controllers 440,... 460 is preferably greater than the power reduction of the injection level controller 330. That is, the injection level controllers 330, 440,..., 460 illustrated in FIG. 5 may correspond to a large power reduction as it descends.
- the injection level information provided from the injection level controllers 330, 440, and 460 illustrated in FIG. 5 is included in the broadcast signal frame of the frame builder 370 via the signaling generator 360 and transmitted to the receiver. That is, the injection level of each layer is delivered to the receiver in the L1 signaling information.
- the power adjustment may be to increase or decrease the power of the input signal, or may be to increase or decrease the gain of the input signal.
- the power normalizer 345 mitigates the power increase caused by combining the plurality of layer signals by the combiner 340.
- the power normalizer 345 may adjust the signal power to an appropriate signal size by multiplying the normalizing factor by the magnitude of the signal combined with the signals of each layer using Equation 4 below. .
- the time interleaver 350 performs interleaving on signals combined by the combiner 340, thereby interleaving the signals of the layers.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the signal demultiplexing apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus includes a time deinterleaver 510, a de-normalizer 1010, a core layer BICM decoder 520, and an enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6 may correspond to the broadcast signal frame generating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the time deinterleaver 510 receives a received signal from an OFDM receiver that performs operations such as time / frequency synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization, and a burst error occurred in a channel. Performs operations on distribution
- the L1 signaling information may be preferentially decoded in the OFDM receiver and used for data decoding.
- the injection level information among the L1 signaling information may be delivered to the de-normalizer 1010 and the de-injection level controller 1020.
- the OFDM receiver may decode the received signal in the form of a broadcast signal frame (eg, an ATSC 3.0 frame), extract a data symbol portion of the frame, and provide the same to the time deinterleaver 510. That is, the time deinterleaver 510 performs a deinterleaving process while passing a data symbol to distribute clustering errors occurring in a channel.
- the de-normalizer 1010 corresponds to the power normalizer of the transmitter, increasing power by a decrease in the power normalizer. That is, the de-normalizer 1010 divides the received signal by the normalizing factor of Equation 2 above.
- the de-normalizer 1010 is shown to adjust the power of the output signal of the time interleaver 510, but according to an embodiment the de-normalizer 1010 may be a time interleaver 510. It can also be placed in front of to allow power adjustment to be performed before interleaving.
- the de-normalizer 1010 may be located in front of or behind the time interleaver 510 to amplify the signal size for LLR calculation of the core layer symbol demapper.
- the output of the time deinterleaver 510 (or the output of the de-normalizer 1010) is provided to the core layer BICM decoder 520, and the core layer BICM decoder 520 restores the core layer data.
- the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, and a core layer error correction decoder.
- the core layer symbol demapper calculates the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values associated with the symbol
- the core layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR values with the clustering error
- the core layer error correction decoder Correct is the core layer error correction decoder Correct.
- the core layer symbol demapper may calculate the LLR value for each bit using a predetermined constellation.
- the constellation used in the core layer symbol mapper may be different according to a combination of a code rate and a modulation order used in the transmitter.
- the core layer bit deinterleaver may perform deinterleaving on the calculated LLR values in LDPC codeword units.
- the core layer error correction decoder may output only information bits, or may output all bits in which information bits and parity bits are combined.
- the core layer error correction decoder may output only information bits as core layer data, and output all bits in which parity bits are combined to the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the core layer error correction decoder may have a form in which a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder are connected in series. That is, the input of the core layer error correction decoder is input to the core layer LDPC decoder, the output of the core layer LDPC decoder is input to the core layer BCH decoder, and the output of the core layer BCH decoder is It can be an output. At this time, the LDPC decoder performs LDPC decoding, and the BCH decoder performs BCH decoding.
- the enhanced layer error correction decoder may also be in the form of an enhanced layer LDPC decoder and an enhanced layer BCH decoder connected in series. That is, the input of the enhanced layer error correction decoder is input to the enhanced layer LDPC decoder, the output of the enhanced layer LDPC decoder is input to the enhanced layer BCH decoder, and the output of the enhanced layer BCH decoder is enhanced. It can be the output of the layer error correction decoder.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 receives the entire bits from the core layer error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and receives an enhanced layer from the output signal of the time deinterleaver 510 or the de-normalizer 1010. Symbols can be extracted. According to an embodiment, the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 does not receive the entire bits from the error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520, receives information bits of the LDPC, or receives BCH information bits. You can be provided.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 includes a buffer, a subtracter, a core layer symbol mapper, and a core layer bit interleaver.
- the buffer stores the output signal of the time deinterleaver 510 or de-normalizer 1010.
- the core layer bit interleaver receives the entire bits (information bits + parity bits) of the core layer BICM decoder and performs the same core layer bit interleaving as the transmitter.
- the core layer symbol mapper generates the same core layer symbol as the transmitter from the interleaved signal.
- the subtractor subtracts the output signal of the core layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer, thereby obtaining the enhanced layer symbol and passing it to the de-injection level controller 1020.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 may further include a core layer LDPC encoder.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 may further include a core layer BCH encoder as well as a core layer LDPC encoder.
- the core layer LDPC encoder, the core layer BCH encoder, the core layer bit interleaver, and the core layer symbol mapper included in the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 may be LDPC encoder, BCH encoder, or bit interleaver of the core layer described with reference to FIG. 3. And symbol mapper.
- the de-injection level controller 1020 receives the enhanced layer symbol and increases the power by the power dropped by the injection level controller of the transmitter. That is, the de-injection level controller 1020 amplifies the input signal and provides the amplified signal to the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540. For example, if the transmitter combines the power of the enhanced layer signal by 3 dB less than the power of the core layer signal, the de-injection level controller 1020 serves to increase the power of the input signal by 3 dB.
- the de-injection level controller 1020 may be regarded as multiplying the enhanced layer signal obtained by receiving the injection level information from the OFDM receiver and the enhanced layer gain of Equation 5 below.
- the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 receives the enhanced layer symbol whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1020 and restores the enhanced layer data.
- the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 may include an enhanced layer symbol demapper, an enhanced layer bit deinterleaver, and an enhanced layer error correction decoder.
- the enhanced layer symbol demapper calculates the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values associated with the enhanced layer symbol
- the enhanced layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR values with the clustering error and decrypts the enhanced layer error correction.
- the device corrects errors that occur in the channel.
- the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 performs operations similar to the core layer BICM decoder 520, but in general, the enhanced layer LDPC decoder performs LDPC decoding for a code rate of 6/15 or more.
- the core layer may use an LDPC code having a code rate of 5/15 or less
- the enhanced layer may use an LDPC code having a code rate of 6/15 or more.
- core layer data can be decoded by only a small number of LDPC decoding iterations.
- the receiver hardware can share a single LDPC decoder between the core layer and the enhanced layer to reduce the cost of implementing the hardware.
- the core layer LDPC decoder uses only a small amount of time resources (LDPC decoding iterations), and most of the time resources can be used by the enhanced layer LDPC decoder.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6 first restores core layer data, cancels core layer symbols from a received signal symbol to leave only enhanced layer symbols, and then increases power of an enhanced layer symbol to enhance it. Restores the layer data. As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5, since signals corresponding to the respective layers are combined at different power levels, the data having the lowest error may be recovered only from the signal having the strongest power.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus includes: a time deinterleaver 510 which applies time deinterleaving to a received signal to generate a time deinterleaving signal; A de-normalizer (1010) for increasing the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by a power normalizer of the transmitter; A core layer BICM decoder (520) for recovering core layer data from the signal adjusted by the de-normalizer (1010); Enhanced using the output signal of the core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520 to perform cancellation corresponding to the core layer data with respect to the signal adjusted by the de-normalizer 1010.
- An enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 for extracting a layer signal;
- a de-injection level controller 1020 for raising the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter;
- an enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 for restoring enhanced layer data by using the output signal of the de-injection level controller 1020.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor may receive the entire codeword from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder and may directly bit interleave the entire codeword.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor may receive information bits from a core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, perform bit interleaving after performing core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor may receive information bits from a core layer BCH decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, perform bit interleaving after performing core layer BCH encoding and core layer LDPC encoding.
- the de-normalizer and the de-injection level controller may receive the injection level information IL INFO provided based on the L1 signaling and perform power control based on the injection level information.
- the core layer BICM decoder may have a lower bit rate than the enhanced layer BICM decoder and may be more robust than the enhanced layer BICM decoder.
- the de-normalizer may correspond to the inverse of the normalizing factor.
- the de-injection level controller may correspond to the inverse of the scaling factor.
- the enhanced layer data may be reconstructed based on a cancellation corresponding to reconstruction of the core layer data corresponding to the core layer signal.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus may include one or more enhancement layer symbol extractors configured to extract an enhancement layer signal by performing cancellation corresponding to previous layer data; One or more extensions that restore one or more enhancement layer data using one or more de-injection level controllers that increase the power of the enhancement layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter and the output signals of the one or more de-injection level controllers. It may further include a layer BICM decoder.
- a signal demultiplexing method may include generating time deinterleaving signals by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal; Increasing the power of the received signal or the time deinterleaving signal by a power reduction by a power normalizer of the transmitter; Restoring core layer data from the power adjusted signal; Extracting an enhanced layer signal by performing cancellation on the core layer data with respect to the power adjusted signal; Increasing the power of the enhanced layer signal by a power reduction of the injection level controller of the transmitter; And restoring enhanced layer data by using the power-adjusted enhanced layer signal.
- the extracting of the enhanced layer signal may receive the entire codeword from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder and directly interleave the entire codeword.
- the extracting of the enhanced layer signal may receive information bits from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, perform bit interleaving after performing core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits.
- the extracting of the enhanced layer signal may receive information bits from the core layer BCH decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, perform bit interleaving after performing the core layer BCH encoding and core layer LDPC encoding. .
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the core layer LDPC decoder provides a whole codeword including parity bits to the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530. That is, in general, the LDPC decoder outputs only information bits of the entire LDPC codeword, but may output the entire codeword.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 does not need to include a core layer LDPC encoder or a core layer BCH encoder, the implementation is simple, but there is a possibility that residual errors remain in the LDPC code parity part.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the core layer LDPC decoder provides information bits that do not include parity bits to the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 does not need to include a core layer BCH encoder separately, but must include a core layer LDPC encoder.
- the example illustrated in FIG. 8 may remove residual errors that may remain in the LDPC code parity portion as compared to the example illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.
- the output of the core layer BCH decoder corresponding to the core layer data is provided to the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 since the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 must include both the core layer LDPC encoder and the core layer BCH encoder, the complexity is high, but the highest performance is guaranteed compared to the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus includes a time deinterleaver 510, a de-normalizer 1010, a core layer BICM decoder 520, and an enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 10 may correspond to the broadcast signal frame generating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the time deinterleaver 510 receives a received signal from an OFDM receiver that performs operations such as synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization, and relates to distribution of burst errors occurring in a channel. Perform the action.
- the L1 signaling information may be preferentially decoded in the OFDM receiver and used for data decoding.
- the injection level information among the L1 signaling information may be delivered to the de-normalizer 1010 and the de-injection level controllers 1020, 1150, and 1170.
- the de-normalizer 1010 may obtain injection level information of all layers, obtain a de-normalizing factor using Equation 6, and then multiply the input signal.
- the de-normalizing factor is an inverse of the normalizing factor expressed by Equation 4 above.
- the de-normalizer 1010 when the N1 signaling includes not only the injection level information but also the normalizing factor information, the de-normalizer 1010 simply takes a reciprocal of the normalizing factor without using the injection level and calculates the inverse of the normalizing factor. Normalizing factor can be obtained.
- the de-normalizer 1010 corresponds to the power normalizer of the transmitter, increasing power by a decrease in the power normalizer.
- the de-normalizer 1010 is shown to adjust the power of the output signal of the time interleaver 510, but according to an embodiment the de-normalizer 1010 may be a time interleaver 510. It can also be placed in front of to allow power adjustment to be performed before interleaving.
- the de-normalizer 1010 may be located in front of or behind the time interleaver 510 to amplify the signal size for LLR calculation of the core layer symbol demapper.
- the output of the time deinterleaver 510 (or the output of the de-normalizer 1010) is provided to the core layer BICM decoder 520, and the core layer BICM decoder 520 restores the core layer data.
- the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, and a core layer error correction decoder.
- the core layer symbol demapper calculates the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values associated with the symbol
- the core layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR values with the clustering error
- the core layer error correction decoder Correct is the core layer error correction decoder Correct.
- the core layer error correction decoder may output only information bits, or may output all bits in which information bits and parity bits are combined.
- the core layer error correction decoder may output only information bits as core layer data, and output all bits in which parity bits are combined to the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the core layer error correction decoder may have a form in which a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder are connected in series. That is, the input of the core layer error correction decoder is input to the core layer LDPC decoder, the output of the core layer LDPC decoder is input to the core layer BCH decoder, and the output of the core layer BCH decoder is It can be an output. At this time, the LDPC decoder performs LDPC decoding, and the BCH decoder performs BCH decoding.
- the enhanced layer error correction decoder may also have a form in which the enhanced layer LDPC decoder and the enhanced layer BCH decoder are connected in series. That is, the input of the enhanced layer error correction decoder is input to the enhanced layer LDPC decoder, the output of the enhanced layer LDPC decoder is input to the enhanced layer BCH decoder, and the output of the enhanced layer BCH decoder is enhanced. It can be the output of the layer error correction decoder.
- the enhancement layer error correction decoder may also have a form in which the enhancement layer LDPC decoder and the enhancement layer BCH decoder are connected in series. That is, the input of the enhancement layer error correction decoder is input to the enhancement layer LDPC decoder, the output of the enhancement layer LDPC decoder is input to the enhancement layer BCH decoder, and the output of the enhancement layer BCH decoder is It can be an output.
- the trade off between implementation complexity and performance depending on which of the outputs of the error correction decoder described with reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 is to be used is the core layer BICM decoder 520 of FIG.
- the enhancement layer symbol extractors 650 and 670 and the enhancement layer BICM decoders 660 and 680 are applied.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 receives the entire bits from the core layer error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and receives an enhanced layer from the output signal of the time deinterleaver 510 or the de-normalizer 1010. Symbols can be extracted. According to an embodiment, the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 does not receive the entire bits from the error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520, receives information bits of the LDPC, or receives BCH information bits. You can be provided.
- the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 includes a buffer, a subtracter, a core layer symbol mapper, and a core layer bit interleaver.
- the buffer stores the output signal of the time deinterleaver 510 or de-normalizer 1010.
- the core layer bit interleaver receives the entire bits (information bits + parity bits) of the core layer BICM decoder and performs the same core layer bit interleaving as the transmitter.
- the core layer symbol mapper generates the same core layer symbol as the transmitter from the interleaved signal.
- the subtractor subtracts the output signal of the core layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer, thereby obtaining the enhanced layer symbol and passing it to the de-injection level controller 1020.
- the core layer bit interleaver and the core layer symbol mapper included in the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530 may be the same as the bit interleaver and symbol mapper of the core layer illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the de-injection level controller 1020 receives the enhanced layer symbol and increases the power by the power dropped by the injection level controller of the transmitter. That is, the de-injection level controller 1020 amplifies the input signal and provides the amplified signal to the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540.
- the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 receives the enhanced layer symbol whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1020 and restores the enhanced layer data.
- the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 may include an enhanced layer symbol demapper, an enhanced layer bit deinterleaver, and an enhanced layer error correction decoder.
- the enhanced layer symbol demapper calculates the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values associated with the enhanced layer symbol
- the enhanced layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR values with the clustering error and decrypts the enhanced layer error correction.
- the device corrects errors that occur in the channel.
- the enhanced layer error correction decoder may output only information bits, or may output all bits in which information bits and parity bits are combined.
- the enhanced layer error correction decoder may output only information bits as enhanced layer data, and output all bits in which the parity bits are combined with the information bits to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 650.
- the enhancement layer symbol extractor 650 receives the entire bits from the enhanced layer error correction decoder of the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 and extracts extension layer symbols from the output signal of the de-injection level controller 1020. do.
- the de-injection level controller 1020 may amplify the power of the output signal of the subtractor of the enhanced layer symbol extractor 530.
- the enhancement layer symbol extractor 650 includes a buffer, a subtracter, an enhanced layer symbol mapper, and an enhanced layer bit interleaver.
- the buffer stores the output signal of the de-injection level controller 1020.
- the enhanced layer bit interleaver receives the entire bits (information bits + parity bits) of the enhanced layer BICM decoder and performs the same enhanced layer bit interleaving as the transmitter.
- the enhanced layer symbol mapper generates the same enhanced layer symbol as the transmitter from the interleaved signal.
- the subtractor subtracts the output signal of the enhanced layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer, thereby obtaining the enhancement layer symbol and delivering it to the de-injection level controller 1150.
- the enhanced layer bit interleaver and the enhanced layer symbol mapper included in the enhancement layer symbol extractor 650 may be the same as the bit interleaver and symbol mapper of the enhanced layer illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the de-injection level controller 1150 increases the power by the injection level controller of the layer at the transmitter.
- the de-injection level controller may be regarded as performing an operation of multiplying the enhancement layer gain of Equation 7 below.
- the 0 th injection level may be regarded as 0 dB.
- the enhancement layer BICM decoder 660 receives the enhancement layer symbol whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1150 and restores the enhancement layer data.
- the enhancement layer BICM decoder 660 may include an enhancement layer symbol demapper, an enhancement layer bit deinterleaver, and an enhancement layer error correction decoder.
- the enhancement layer symbol demapper calculates the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values associated with the enhancement layer symbol
- the enhancement layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR values with the clustering error
- LLR Log-Likelihood Ratio
- two or more enhancement layer symbol extractors and enhancement layer BICM decoders may be provided when there are two or more enhancement layers.
- the enhancement layer error correction decoder of the enhancement layer BICM decoder 660 may output only information bits and output all bits in which the information bits and the parity bits are combined. It may be. In this case, the enhancement layer error correction decoder may output only information bits as enhancement layer data, and output all bits in which parity bits are combined with the information bits to the next enhancement layer symbol extractor 670.
- the structure and operation of the enhancement layer symbol extractor 670, the enhancement layer BICM decoder 680, and the de-injection level controller 1170 are described in detail above with the enhancement layer symbol extractor 650, the enhancement layer BICM decoder 660 and de-injection. It can be easily seen from the structure and operation of the level controller 1150.
- the de-injection level controllers 1020, 1150, and 1170 shown in FIG. 10 may correspond to a greater power rise as it goes down. That is, the de-injection level controller 1150 increases power more than the de-injection level controller 1020, and the de-injection level controller 1170 increases the power more significantly than the de-injection level controller 1150. You can.
- the signal demultiplexing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 10 first restores core layer data, restores enhanced layer data using cancellation of the core layer symbols, and extends the extended layer data using cancellation of the enhanced layer symbols. It can be seen that the restoration. Two or more enhancement layers may be provided, in which case they are restored from the combined enhancement layers at higher power levels.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a power increase due to a combination of a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal.
- the power level of the multiplexed signal is determined by the core layer signal or the enhanced layer signal. It can be seen that the power level is higher.
- the injection level adjusted by the injection level controller shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 may be adjusted in 0.5dB or 1dB intervals from 0dB to 10.0dB.
- the power of the enhanced layer signal is 3dB lower than the power of the core layer signal.
- the power of the enhanced layer signal is 10 dB lower than the power of the core layer signal. This relationship may be applied not only between the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal but also between the enhanced layer signal and the enhancement layer signal or the enhancement layer signals.
- the power normalizer shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 may adjust the power level after coupling to solve problems such as distortion of a signal that may be caused by power increase due to coupling.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal frame generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- BICM is applied to core layer data (S1210).
- the method for generating broadcast signal frame applies BICM to enhanced layer data (S1220).
- the BICM applied at step S1220 and the BICM applied at step S1210 may be different. At this time, the BICM applied in step S1220 may be less robust than the BICM applied in step S1210. At this time, the bit rate of the BICM applied in step S1220 may be greater than the bit rate applied in step S1210.
- the enhanced layer signal may correspond to enhanced layer data reconstructed based on a cancellation corresponding to reconstruction of core layer data corresponding to the core layer signal.
- the broadcast signal frame generation method generates a power reduced enhanced layer signal by reducing the power of the enhanced layer signal (S1230).
- step S1230 may change the injection level in 0.5 dB or 1 dB intervals between 0 dB and 10.0 dB.
- the broadcast signal frame generation method generates a multiplexed signal by combining the core layer signal and the power reduced enhanced layer signal (S1240).
- step S1240 the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal are combined at different power levels, but the power layer of the enhanced layer signal is combined to be lower than the power level of the core layer signal.
- one or more extension layer signals having a lower power level than the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal may be combined with the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.
- the method for generating a broadcast signal frame lowers the power of the signal multiplexed by step S1250 (S1250).
- step S1250 may lower the power of the multiplexed signal by the power of the core layer signal. In this case, step S1250 may lower the power of the multiplexed signal as much as it is increased by step S1240.
- the method for generating a broadcast signal frame generates a time interleaved signal by performing time interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal (S1260).
- step S1260 may generate a time interleaved signal by interleaving the BICM output signal.
- the method for generating a broadcast signal frame generates a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using a time interleaved signal (S1270).
- the bootstrap may include a symbol for signaling the BICM mode and OFDM parameters of the L1-Basic of the preamble.
- step S1270 may include generating the bootstrap; Generating the preamble; And generating a data payload corresponding to the time interleaved signal.
- the data payload may be a super-impended payload.
- the symbol may correspond to a fixed-length bit string signaling the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of L1-Basic together.
- the fixed-length bit string may be a bit string capable of identifying 256 combinations.
- the OFDM parameter may correspond to a combination of FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern.
- the BICM mode is a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, and a first mode for identifying the QPSK and the inefficiency 3/15, the non uniform constellation (16-NUC) and the inefficiency 3/15, respectively.
- Fourth mode, 64-NON (Non Uniform Constellation), and a fifth mode for identifying inefficiency 3/15 may be included.
- the OFDM parameter supports all combinations of FFT size and guard interval length corresponding to data symbols for each of the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode, and the fifth mode, and all the combinations. It may correspond to the 32 selection pilot patterns generated by selecting one or two of the pilot patterns corresponding to each of the two.
- the first mode may perform parity repetition
- the second and third modes may not perform parity repetition
- the parity puncturing size of the second mode may be larger than the parity puncturing size of the first mode and smaller than the parity puncturing size of the third mode.
- the preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length shorter than the first guard interval length is preferred to the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. It may correspond to a lookup table to be allocated.
- the symbol is the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, the fourth mode and the first mode for the combination of the same FFT size, Guard Interval length and pilot pattern (pilot pattern)
- the five modes may correspond to lookup tables that are allocated in robustness order.
- the bootstrap may be shorter than the preamble and have a fixed length.
- the preamble may include L1-Basic and L1-Detail
- the bootstrap may include a symbol representing the structure of the L1-Basic.
- the method for generating broadcast signal frames may further include generating signaling information including injection level information corresponding to step S1230.
- the signaling information may be L1 signaling information.
- the broadcast signal frame generation method shown in FIG. 12 may correspond to step S210 shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a signaling information encoding / decoding system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the signaling information encoding / decoding system includes a signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 and a signaling information decoding apparatus 2300.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 and the signaling information decoding apparatus 2300 communicate with each other via the wireless channel 2200.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 performs channel encoding and modulation on signaling information such as L1-Basic or L1-Detail.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 may include a segmentation unit 2110, a scrambling unit 2120, a BCH encoder 2130, a zero padding unit 2140, an LDPC encoder 2150, a parity permutation unit 2160, and a parity puncturing unit. 2170, a zero removing unit 2180, a bit interleaving unit 2190, and a constellation mapping unit 2195.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 illustrated in FIG. 13 may be considered to correspond to a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) apparatus.
- the error correcting encoder of the BICM apparatus may include the segmentation unit 2110 illustrated in FIG. 13.
- the scrambling unit 2120, the BCH encoder 2130, the zero padding unit 2140, the LDPC encoder 2150, the parity permutation unit 2160, the parity puncturing unit 2170, and the zero removing unit 2180 It can be seen as.
- the segmentation unit 2100 divides the signaling information into several groups to divide the signaling information into several LDPC codewords and transmit the signaling information. That is, when signaling information cannot be contained in one LDPC codeword, the segmentation unit may determine how many codewords to include signaling information and may divide the signaling information according to the determined number.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 may not include the segmentation unit 2100.
- the signaling information encoding apparatus 2100 may include a segmentation unit 2100.
- the scrambling unit 2120 performs scrambling to protect the signaling information. At this time, scrambling may be performed in various ways known in the art.
- the BCH encoding may be the same as the BCH encoding for an LDPC code having a length of 16200 of the data BICM.
- the BCH polynomial used for BCH encoding may be expressed as shown in Table 5 below, and the BCH encoding shown in Table 5 may have an error correction capability of 12 bits.
- the zero padding unit 2140 After performing BCH encoding, the zero padding unit 2140 performs zero padding or shortening.
- zero padding means filling a portion of the bit string with bit '0'.
- N bch K sig + N It can be expressed as bch _Parity.
- K sig may be the number of information bits of BCH encoding. For example, if K sig is fixed at 200 bits, then N bch may be 368 bits.
- the information length K ldpc of the LDPC is 3240 bits.
- the information to be actually transmitted is N bch bits, and the length of the LDPC information portion is K ldpc bits, so K ldpc -N Zero padding is performed, which is a process of filling bch bits with bit '0'.
- K ldpc -N for L1-Basic bch may be 2872.
- the order of zero padding plays a very important role in determining the performance of the encoder, and the order of zero padding may be expressed as a shortening pattern order.
- the zero padded bits are used only in LDPC encoding and are not actually transmitted.
- LDPC information bits of the K ldpc bit are divided into N info_group groups as shown in Equation 8. For example, when K ldpc is 3240, since N info_group is 9, LDPC information bits may be grouped into 9 groups.
- Z j represents a group consisting of 360 bits.
- Step 1 First, a number of groups in which all the bits shall be padded with '0' is calculated using Equation 9 below.
- K ldpc is 3240 and N When bch is 368, N pad may be 7. N pad equals 7 indicates that there are 7 groups to fill all bits with zeros.
- Step 2 When N pad is not 0, for N pad groups according to the shortening pattern order ⁇ S (j) shown in Table 6 below. Zero padding in order.
- ⁇ S (j) may represent the shortening pattern order of the j-th bit group.
- the shortening pattern orders shown in Table 6 are the fifth group indexed by 4, the second group indexed by 1, the sixth group indexed by 5, the third group indexed by 2, the ninth group indexed by 8, and 6 It means that the zero padding is performed in the order of the seventh group indexed, the first group indexed by 0, the eighth group indexed by 7, and the fourth group indexed by 3. That is, in the example of Table 6, if only seven groups are selected for the zero padding, the fifth group indexed by 4, the second group indexed by 1, the sixth group indexed by 5, and the 3 indexed by 2 A total of seven groups of the first group indexed to 8, the ninth group indexed to 8, the seventh group indexed to 6, and the first group indexed to 0 are selected as zero padding targets.
- the shortening pattern order of Table 6 may be optimized for fixed length signaling information.
- Step 3 For the group corresponding to Z ⁇ s (N pad ), (K ldpc -N bch -360 x N pad ) bits are additionally zero padded from the front of the group.
- zero padding from the front of the group may mean zero padding from a bit corresponding to a small index.
- Step 4 When all zero padding is completed, the LDPC information bit string is generated by sequentially mapping the BCH-encoded N bch bits to the remaining portion without the zero padding.
- the LDPC encoder 2150 performs LDPC encoding using K ldpc to which zero padding and signaling information are mapped.
- the LDPC encoder 2150 may correspond to an LDPC codeword having a code rate of 3/15 and a length of 16200.
- the LDPC codeword is a systematic code, and the LDPC encoder 2150 generates an output vector as shown in Equation 10 below.
- the parity bit may be 12960 bits.
- the parity permutation unit 2160 is a preliminary operation for parity puncturing, and performs group-wise parity interleaving for the parity portion rather than the information portion.
- the parity permutation unit 2160 may perform parity interleaving using Equation 11 below.
- Y j represents a j-th group-wise interleaved bit group
- ⁇ (j) represents an order of group-wise interleaving. It can be defined as
- the parity permutation unit 2160 outputs 3240 bits (9 bit groups) corresponding to information bits among 16200 bits (45 bit groups) of the LDPC codeword as it is, and 12960 parity bits. These groups are grouped into 36 bit groups each containing 360 bits and then interleaved in the order of the 36 bit groups in the order of group-wise interleaving corresponding to Table 7 above.
- the 21st group indexed with 20 is positioned at the 10th group position indexed with 9, and the 24th group indexed with 23 is positioned at the 11th group position indexed with 10,
- the 26th group indexed to 25 is positioned at the 12th group position indexed to 11, and the 18th bit group indexed to 17 is positioned at the 45th group position indexed to 44,.
- bit group in the front position (a group of bits indexed to 20) may correspond to an important parity bit
- bit group in the rear position (a group of bits indexed to 17) may correspond to an insignificant parity bit
- the group-wise interleaving order of Table 7 may be optimized for fixed length signaling information.
- the parity puncturing unit 2170 may puncture some parity of the LDPC codeword. Punched bits are not transmitted. In this case, after parity interleaving is completed, parity repetition may be performed in which a part of parity interleaved LDPC parity bits are repeated before parity puncturing is performed.
- the parity puncturing unit 2170 calculates a final puncturing size and punctures bits corresponding to the calculated final puncturing size.
- the final puncturing size corresponding to the number of bits to be punctured is the length of the BCH encoded bit string (N bch ) can be calculated as follows.
- Step 1 Temporary puncturing size (N punc _temp) is to be calculated using the equation (12).
- K ldpc represents the length of the LDPC information bit string
- N bch represents the length of the BCH encoded bit string
- A represents the first integer
- B represents the second integer.
- the difference between the length of the LDPC information bit string and the length of the BCH encoded bit string may correspond to zero padding length or shortening length.
- Equation 12 The puncturing parameters required for the calculation of Equation 12 may be defined as shown in Table 8 below.
- N represents the number _parity ldpc parity bits of the LDPC codeword
- ⁇ MOD denotes the modulation order (modulation order).
- the modulation order may be 2, which may represent QPSK.
- the puncturing parameters of Table 8 may be optimized for fixed length signaling information.
- Step 2 Calculated temporary puncturing size (N punc _temp) and calculates the number of the temporary transmission bits (N FEC_temp) steps, to the equation (13) using the N ldpc _parity of Table 8.
- Step 3 The calculated number of transmission bits N FEC is calculated using the calculated temporary transmission bits N FEC_temp as shown in Equation 14 below.
- N FEC The number of transmission bits
- Step 4 The final puncturing size (N punc ) is calculated using Equation 15 below using the calculated number of transmission bits (N FEC ).
- the final puncturing size (N punc ) means the size of parity to be punctured.
- the parity puncture ring (2170) is popped to puncturing the parity permutation and the last N punc bits of the repetition whole LDPC codeword design has been completed (the last N punc bits of the whole LDPC codeword with parity permutation and repetition) Can be.
- the zero removing unit 2180 removes zero padded bits from the information portion of the LDPC codeword.
- the bit interleaving unit 2190 performs bit interleaving on the zero removed LDPC codeword.
- bit interleaving may be performed in a manner in which the direction in which the LDPC codeword is written and the direction in which the LDPC codewords are read are different from each other in a memory having a predetermined size.
- the constellation mapping unit 2195 performs symbol mapping.
- the constellation mapping unit 2195 may be implemented in a QPSK scheme.
- the signaling information decoding apparatus 2300 demodulates and channel-decodes signaling information such as L1-Basic or L1-Detail.
- the signaling information decoding apparatus 2300 may include a constellation demapping unit 2395, a bit deinterleaving unit 2390, an inverse zero removing unit 2380, an inverse parity puncturing unit 2370, and an inverse parity permutation unit 360. , An LDPC decoder 360, an inverse zero padding unit 2340, a BCH decoder 2330, an inverse scrambling unit 2320, and an inverse segmentation unit 2310.
- the signaling information decoding apparatus 2300 illustrated in FIG. 13 may be considered to correspond to a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) decoding apparatus.
- the error correction decoder of the BICM decoding apparatus may include an inverse zero limo illustrated in FIG. 13. Ice section 2380, reverse parity puncturing section 2370, reverse parity permutation section 2360, LDPC decoder 2350, reverse zero padding section 2340, BCH decoder 2330, reverse scrambling section 2320 and reverse It may be regarded as corresponding to the segmentation unit 2310.
- the reverse segmentation unit 2310 performs the reverse process of the segmentation unit 2110.
- the reverse scrambling unit 2320 performs the reverse process of the scrambling unit 2120.
- the BCH decoder 2330 performs the reverse process of the BCH encoder 2130.
- the reverse zero padding unit 2340 performs the reverse process of the zero padding unit 2140.
- the inverse zero padding unit 2340 receives the LDPC information bit stream from the LDPC decoder 2350, selects groups in which all bits are filled with zeros using a shortening pattern order, and uses the groups except for the groups.
- a BCH encoded bit string may be generated from the LDPC information bit string.
- the LDPC decoder 2350 performs the reverse process of the LDPC encoder 2150.
- the inverse parity permutation unit 2360 performs a reverse process of the parity permutation unit 2160.
- the inverse parity permutation unit 2360 divides the parity bits of the LDPC codeword into a plurality of groups, and decodes the groups using a group-wise interleaving order to decode the LDPC codeword to be LDPC decoded. Can be generated.
- the reverse parity puncturing unit 370 performs the reverse process of the parity puncturing unit 2170.
- the inverse parity puncturing unit 370 uses the first integer multiplied by the difference between the length of the LDPC information bit string and the length of the BCH encoded bit string, and the temporary puncturing size using a second integer different from the first integer. puncturing size), calculates the number of temporary transmission bits using the difference between the length of the BCH encoded bit string and the sum of 12960 and the temporary puncturing size, and transmits the bits using the temporary transmission bits and the modulation order. Calculates a number, calculates a final puncturing size using the temporary transmission bit number, the transmission bit number, and the temporary transmission bit number, and considers the final puncturing size to the inverse parity permutation unit 2360.
- the provided LDPC codeword can be generated.
- the reverse zero removing unit 2380 performs a reverse process of the zero removing unit 2180.
- the bit deinterleaving unit 2390 performs a reverse process of the bit interleaving unit 2190.
- the constellation demapping unit 2395 performs the reverse process of the constellation mapping unit 2195.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a broadcast signal frame 2410 may include a bootstrap 2421, a preamble 2423, and data symbols 2425.
- the preamble 2423 includes signaling information.
- the preamble 2423 may include L1-Basic 2431 and L1-Detail 2433.
- L1-Basic 2431 may be fixed length signaling information.
- L1-Basic 2431 may correspond to 200 bits.
- L1-Detail 2433 may be variable length signaling information.
- L1-Detail 2433 may correspond to 200 to 2352 bits.
- the broadcast signal frame 2410 begins with a bootstrap 2421 containing version information and the most general signaling information of the system, followed by L1-Basic 2431 and L1-Detail 2433.
- the L1-Basic 2431 may transmit general signaling information such as the number of PLPs, the FFT size, the guard interval, and the modulation / code rate information for the L1-Detail 2433 at a constant number of bits, and the L1-Detail 2433 may carry the rest.
- Detailed signaling information can be transmitted.
- the number of bits of the L1-Detail 2433 may vary according to the number of PLPs transmitted.
- the bootstrap 2421 may signal the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of the L1-Basic 2431, and the L1-Basic 2431 may signal the BICM mode and the OFDM parameter of the L1-Detail 2433. have.
- the BICM mode may include a constellation and a code rate
- the OFDM parameter may include an FFT size, a guard interval length, and a pilot pattern.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of a zero padding unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- the zero padding operation when the shortening pattern order is [4 1 5 2 8 6 0 7 3].
- the length of the LDPC information bit string is 3240, and therefore the LDPC information bits are composed of groups of nine 360 bits.
- the shortening pattern order is [4 1 5 2 8 6 0 7 3]
- the fifth group 2610 indexed by 4 the second group 2620 indexed by 1, and the sixth indexed by 5 Group 2630, third group 2640 indexed by 2, ninth group 2650 indexed by 8, seventh group 2660 indexed by 6, first group indexed by 0 ( A total of seven groups of 2670 are selected so that all bits in the group are filled with zeros.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of the parity permutation unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- a group-wise interleaving order is a sequence [20 23 25 32 38 41 18 9 10 11 31 24 14 15 26 40 33 19 28 34 16 39 27 30 21 44 43 35 42 36 12 13 29 22 37 17 Parity permutation behavior in the case of
- the permutation unit locates the 21st group indexed with 20 at the 10th group position 2710 indexed with 9, and locates the 24th group indexed with 23 at the 11th group position 2720 indexed with 10,. .. 38 places the 38 th group indexed 37 at the 44 th group position 2730 indexed at 43 and the 18 th bit group indexed 17 at the 45 th group position 2740 indexed 44.
- Parity puncturing may be performed behind the parity interleaved parity bits (to the 18th bitgroup indexed to 17).
- 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of the zero removing unit illustrated in FIG. 13.
- the zero removing unit removes zero-padded portions from the information portion of the LDPC codeword to generate signaling information for transmission.
- the apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame according to the present invention is not limited to the configuration and method of the embodiments described as described above, but the embodiments may be modified in various ways. All or some of these may optionally be combined.
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Abstract
Description
preamble_structure | L1-Basic Mode | FFT Size | GI Length (samples) | Pilot Pattern (DX) |
0 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
1 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
2 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
5 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
6 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
7 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
9 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
10 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
11 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
12 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
13 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
14 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
15 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
16 | L1-Basic Mode 1 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
17 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
18 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
19 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
20 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
21 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
22 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
23 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
24 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
25 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
26 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
27 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
28 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
29 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
30 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
31 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
32 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
33 | L1-Basic Mode 2 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
34 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
35 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
36 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
37 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
38 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
39 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
40 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
41 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
42 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
43 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
44 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
45 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
46 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
47 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
48 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
49 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
50 | L1-Basic Mode 3 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
51 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
52 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
53 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
54 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
55 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
56 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
57 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
58 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
59 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
60 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
61 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
62 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
63 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
64 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
65 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
66 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
67 | L1-Basic Mode 4 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
68 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
69 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
70 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
71 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
72 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
73 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
74 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
75 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
76 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
77 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
78 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
79 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
80 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
81 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
82 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
83 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
84 | L1-Basic Mode 5 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
85 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
86 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
87 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
88 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
89 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
90 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
91 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
92 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
93 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
94 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
95 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
96 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
97 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
98 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
99 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
100 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
101 | L1-Basic Mode 6 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
102 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 |
103 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 |
104 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 |
105 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 8192 | 768 | 4 |
106 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 |
107 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 |
108 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 |
109 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 |
110 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 |
111 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 16384 | 768 | 8 |
112 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 |
113 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 |
114 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 |
115 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 |
116 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 |
117 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 |
118 | L1-Basic Mode 7 | 32768 | 768 | 16 |
119 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
120 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
121 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
122 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
123 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
124 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
125 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
126 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
127 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
preamble_structure | FFT Size | GI Length (samples) | Preamble Pilot Dx | L1-BasicFEC Mode |
0 | 8192 | 192 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
1 | 8192 | 192 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
2 | 8192 | 192 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
3 | 8192 | 192 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
4 | 8192 | 192 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
5 | 8192 | 384 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
6 | 8192 | 384 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
7 | 8192 | 384 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
8 | 8192 | 384 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
9 | 8192 | 384 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
10 | 8192 | 512 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
11 | 8192 | 512 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
12 | 8192 | 512 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
13 | 8192 | 512 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
14 | 8192 | 512 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
15 | 8192 | 768 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
16 | 8192 | 768 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
17 | 8192 | 768 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
18 | 8192 | 768 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
19 | 8192 | 768 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
20 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
21 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
22 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
23 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
24 | 8192 | 1024 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
25 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
26 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
27 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
28 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
29 | 8192 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
30 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
31 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
32 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
33 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
34 | 8192 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
35 | 16384 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
36 | 16384 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
37 | 16384 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
38 | 16384 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
39 | 16384 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
40 | 16384 | 384 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
41 | 16384 | 384 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
42 | 16384 | 384 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
43 | 16384 | 384 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
44 | 16384 | 384 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
45 | 16384 | 512 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
46 | 16384 | 512 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
47 | 16384 | 512 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
48 | 16384 | 512 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
49 | 16384 | 512 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
50 | 16384 | 768 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
51 | 16384 | 768 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
52 | 16384 | 768 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
53 | 16384 | 768 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
54 | 16384 | 768 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
55 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
56 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
57 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
58 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
59 | 16384 | 1024 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
60 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
61 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
62 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
63 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
64 | 16384 | 1536 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
65 | 16384 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
66 | 16384 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
67 | 16384 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
68 | 16384 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
69 | 16384 | 2048 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
70 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
71 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
72 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
73 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
74 | 16384 | 2432 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
75 | 16384 | 3072 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
76 | 16384 | 3072 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
77 | 16384 | 3072 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
78 | 16384 | 3072 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
79 | 16384 | 3072 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
80 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
81 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
82 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
83 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
84 | 16384 | 3648 | 4 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
85 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
86 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
87 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
88 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
89 | 16384 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
90 | 32768 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
91 | 32768 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
92 | 32768 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
93 | 32768 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
94 | 32768 | 192 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
95 | 32768 | 384 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
96 | 32768 | 384 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
97 | 32768 | 384 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
98 | 32768 | 384 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
99 | 32768 | 384 | 32 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
100 | 32768 | 512 | 24 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
101 | 32768 | 512 | 24 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
102 | 32768 | 512 | 24 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
103 | 32768 | 512 | 24 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
104 | 32768 | 512 | 24 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
105 | 32768 | 768 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
106 | 32768 | 768 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
107 | 32768 | 768 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
108 | 32768 | 768 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
109 | 32768 | 768 | 16 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
110 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
111 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
112 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
113 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
114 | 32768 | 1024 | 12 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
115 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
116 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
117 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
118 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
119 | 32768 | 1536 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
120 | 32768 | 2048 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
121 | 32768 | 2048 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
122 | 32768 | 2048 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
123 | 32768 | 2048 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
124 | 32768 | 2048 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
125 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
126 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
127 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
128 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
129 | 32768 | 2432 | 6 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
130 | 32768 | 3072 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
131 | 32768 | 3072 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
132 | 32768 | 3072 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
133 | 32768 | 3072 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
134 | 32768 | 3072 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
135 | 32768 | 3072 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
136 | 32768 | 3072 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
137 | 32768 | 3072 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
138 | 32768 | 3072 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
139 | 32768 | 3072 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
140 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
141 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
142 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
143 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
144 | 32768 | 3648 | 8 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
145 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
146 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
147 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
148 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
149 | 32768 | 3648 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
150 | 32768 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
151 | 32768 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
152 | 32768 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
153 | 32768 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
154 | 32768 | 4096 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
155 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 1 |
156 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 2 |
157 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 3 |
158 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 4 |
159 | 32768 | 4864 | 3 | L1-Basic Mode 5 |
160-255 | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
L1-Basic | L1-Detail | Most robust data FEC | |
L1-Basic Mode 1 | -9.2 dB | -7.7 dB | -6.2 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 2 | -1.8 dB | -0.3 dB | 1.2 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 3 | 1.2 dB | 2.7 dB | 4.2 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 4 | 5.6 dB | 7.1 dB | 8.6 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 5 | 9.9 dB | 11.4 dB | 12.9 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 6 | 15.2 dB | 16.7 dB | 18.2 dB |
L1-Basic Mode 7 | 22.6 dB | 24.1 dB | 25.6 dB |
GI Length(samples) | 8K FFT | 16K FFT | 32K FFT |
192 | SP32_2, SP32_4, [SP16_2], SP16_4 | [SP32_2], SP32_4 | [SP32_2] |
384 | SP16_2, SP16_4, [SP8_2], SP8_4 | SP32_2, SP32_4, [SP16_2], SP16_4 | [SP32_2] |
512 | SP12_2, SP12_4, [SP6_2], SP6_4 | SP24_2, SP24_4, [SP12_2], SP12_4 | [SP24_2] |
768 | SP8_2, SP8_4, [SP4_2], SP4_4 | SP16_2, SP16_4, [SP8_2], SP8_4 | SP32_2, [SP16_2] |
1024 | SP6_2, SP6_4, [SP3_2], SP3_4 | SP12_2, SP12_4, [SP6_2], SP6_4 | SP24_2, [SP_12_2] |
1536 | [SP4_2], SP4_4 | SP8_2, SP8_4, [SP4_2], SP4_4 | SP16_2, [SP8_2] |
2048 | [SP3_2], SP3_4 | SP6_2, SP6_4, [SP3_2], SP3_4 | SP12_2, [SP6_2] |
2432 | N/A | SP6_2, SP6_4, [SP3_2], SP3_4 | SP12_2, [SP6_2] |
3072 | N/A | [SP4_2], SP4_4 | [SP8_2], [SP3_2] |
3648 | N/A | [SP4_2], SP4_4 | [SP8_2], [SP3_2] |
4096 | N/A | [SP3_2], SP3_4 | SP6_2, [SP3_2] |
4864 | N/A | N/A | SP6_2, [SP3_2] |
Claims (20)
- BICM 출력 신호에 인터리빙을 수행하여 타임 인터리빙된 신호를 생성하는 타임 인터리버; 및상기 타임 인터리빙된 신호를 이용하여, 부트스트랩 및 프리앰블을 포함하는 방송 신호 프레임을 생성하는 프레임 빌더를 포함하고,상기 부트스트랩은 상기 프리앰블의 L1-Basic의 BICM 모드 및 OFDM 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 심볼을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 심볼은 상기 L1-Basic의 BICM 모드 및 OFDM 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 고정-길이(fixed-length) 비트열(bit string)에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 고정-길이 비트열은 256개의 조합들을 식별할 수 있는 비트열인 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 OFDM 파라미터는FFT 사이즈, 가드 인터벌 길이 및 파일럿 패턴의 조합(combination)에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 BICM 모드는각각, QPSK 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제1 모드, 제2 모드 및 제3 모드,16-NUC(Non Uniform Constellation) 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제4 모드,64-NUC(Non Uniform Constellation) 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제5 모드를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 5에 있어서,상기 OFDM 파라미터는상기 제1 모드, 제2 모드, 제3 모드, 제4 모드 및 제5 모드 각각에 대하여 데이터 심볼에 상응하는 FFT 사이즈 및 가드 인터벌 길이의 모든 조합들을 지원하고,상기 모든 조합들 각각에 상응하는 파일럿 패턴들 중 하나 또는 두 개를 선택하여 생성된 32개의 선택 파일럿 패턴들에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 제1 모드는 패리티 리피티션(parity repetition)을 수행하고, 상기 제2 및 제3 모드들은 패리티 리피티션을 수행하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제2 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈는, 상기 제1 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈보다 크고 상기 제3 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈보다 작은 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 심볼은상기 OFDM 파라미터에 상응하는 FFT 사이즈가 동일한 경우, 제1 가드 인터벌 길이에 상응하는 프리앰블 구조보다, 상기 제1 가드 인터벌 길이보다 짧은 제2 가드 인터벌 길이에 상응하는 프리앰블 구조가 우선적으로 할당되는 룩업 테이블에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 심볼은동일한 FFT 사이즈(FFT size), 가드 인터벌 길이(Guard Interval length) 및 파일럿 패턴(pilot pattern)의 조합에 대하여 상기 제1 모드, 제2 모드, 제3 모드, 제4 모드 및 제5 모드가 로버스트니스(robustness) 순서대로 할당되는 룩업 테이블에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 장치.
- BICM 출력 신호에 인터리빙을 수행하여 타임 인터리빙된 신호를 생성하는 단계; 및상기 타임 인터리빙된 신호를 이용하여, 부트스트랩 및 프리앰블을 포함하는 방송 신호 프레임을 생성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 부트스트랩은 상기 프리앰블의 L1-Basic의 BICM 모드 및 OFDM 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 심볼을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 심볼은 상기 L1-Basic의 BICM 모드 및 OFDM 파라미터를 함께 시그널링하는 고정-길이(fixed-length) 비트열(bit string)에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 고정-길이 비트열은 256개의 조합들을 식별할 수 있는 비트열인 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 OFDM 파라미터는FFT 사이즈, 가드 인터벌 길이 및 파일럿 패턴의 조합(combination)에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 BICM 모드는각각, QPSK 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제1 모드, 제2 모드 및 제3 모드,16-NUC(Non Uniform Constellation) 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제4 모드,64-NUC(Non Uniform Constellation) 및 부효율 3/15를 식별하기 위한 제5 모드를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 OFDM 파라미터는상기 제1 모드, 제2 모드, 제3 모드, 제4 모드 및 제5 모드 각각에 대하여 데이터 심볼에 상응하는 FFT 사이즈 및 가드 인터벌 길이의 모든 조합들을 지원하고,상기 모든 조합들 각각에 상응하는 파일럿 패턴들 중 하나 또는 두 개를 선택하여 생성된 32개의 선택 파일럿 패턴들에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,상기 제1 모드는 패리티 리피티션(parity repetition)을 수행하고, 상기 제2 및 제3 모드들은 패리티 리피티션을 수행하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,상기 제2 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈는, 상기 제1 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈보다 크고 상기 제3 모드의 패리티 펑처링 사이즈보다 작은 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 18에 있어서,상기 심볼은상기 OFDM 파라미터에 상응하는 FFT 사이즈가 동일한 경우, 제1 가드 인터벌 길이에 상응하는 프리앰블 구조보다, 상기 제1 가드 인터벌 길이보다 짧은 제2 가드 인터벌 길이에 상응하는 프리앰블 구조가 우선적으로 할당되는 룩업 테이블에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서,상기 심볼은동일한 FFT 사이즈(FFT size), 가드 인터벌 길이(Guard Interval length) 및 파일럿 패턴(pilot pattern)의 조합에 대하여 상기 제1 모드, 제2 모드, 제3 모드, 제4 모드 및 제5 모드가 로버스트니스(robustness) 순서대로 할당되는 룩업 테이블에 상응하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방송 신호 프레임 생성 방법.
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MX2017011907A MX2017011907A (es) | 2015-03-16 | 2016-03-14 | Dispositivo de generacion de tramas de se?al de difusion y metodo para generar tramas de se?al de difusion que incluyen un simbolo para se?alizar el modo de modulacion codificada de intercalado de bits (bicm) del preambulo y el parametro ofdm juntos. |
CA2978919A CA2978919C (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2016-03-14 | Broadcast signal frame generation device and broadcast signal frame generation method using bootstrap including symbol for signaling bicm mode of preamble and ofdm parameter together |
US15/556,973 US10187701B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2016-03-14 | Broadcast signal frame generation device and broadcast signal frame generation method using bootstrap including symbol for signaling BICM mode of preamble and OFDM parameter together |
US16/185,457 US10506297B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2018-11-09 | Broadcast signal frame generation device and broadcast signal frame generation method using bootstrap including symbol for signaling BICM mode of preamble and OFDM parameter together |
US16/658,283 US10812864B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2019-10-21 | Broadcast signal frame generation device and broadcast signal frame generation method using bootstrap including symbol for signaling BICM mode of preamble and OFDM parameter together |
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US16/185,457 Continuation US10506297B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2018-11-09 | Broadcast signal frame generation device and broadcast signal frame generation method using bootstrap including symbol for signaling BICM mode of preamble and OFDM parameter together |
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