WO2016145055A1 - Accessories attached to firearm magazine - Google Patents
Accessories attached to firearm magazine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016145055A1 WO2016145055A1 PCT/US2016/021525 US2016021525W WO2016145055A1 WO 2016145055 A1 WO2016145055 A1 WO 2016145055A1 US 2016021525 W US2016021525 W US 2016021525W WO 2016145055 A1 WO2016145055 A1 WO 2016145055A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magazine
- brace
- firearm
- shooter
- handgun
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C27/00—Accessories; Details or attachments not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/61—Magazines
- F41A9/64—Magazines for unbelted ammunition
- F41A9/65—Box magazines having a cartridge follower
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C27/00—Accessories; Details or attachments not otherwise provided for
- F41C27/22—Balancing or stabilising arrangements on the gun itself, e.g. balancing weights
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a stabilizing attachment for a handgun, and more particularly, to an attachment for a handgun with a detachable magazine that secures to the base of die magazine and engages a shooter's forearm.
- Handguns also typically have very short, barrels. So while the barrel and the ammunition may be
- a second. -method for steadying the handgun and mitigating/recoil forces is to attach a brace to the -handgun which engages the underside of the forearm of the shooter. With this method, the shooter cm posh against the firearm a counter force prior -to -firing the firearm, which is ready to receive and cancel out the recoil forces when the han un is actually fired.
- both recoil suppression and firearm stabilization strategies have their advantages, hi certain situations and depending on a shooter's preference, on the build of the shooter, and the design and calibe of the handgun, one of the- above techniques may be preferable to the other.
- the first method ma work acceptably for many smaller caliber handguns- as the recoil forces generated are small and can be easy absorbed by the forearm, but would be difficult to implement safel for larger caliber handguns which can generate as much as 45 pounds recoil force.
- the second method is also useful, in certain circumstances, but it still relies on the shooter's wrist to put a forward positive force against the firearm prior to firing, which varies from shooter to shooter. As such the method would be less effective or useful for individuals with a disability or a weak wrist.
- Attaching the support to the handgun is a significant limitation.
- many handguns do not have grips that are screwed to the frame that can be used to attach a support apparatus.
- As for the select few handguns manufactured wit screws on removable grips there are practical, and market limitations with the idea of developing replacement grips which allow a brace to be attached io the handgun.
- the replacement grips would be in competition with an entire cottage industry of screw on grips: to allow the firearm's owner to customize the look, form, and tee! of their handgun grip, which may additionaliy have intellectual, properties protecting competitors from entering the market.
- the disclosed invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art to produce an innovative firearm that has a robust attachment adapted to secure a plurality of aftemiarket devices to the firearm reversibiy and without requiring any modification of the firearm itself. This is accomplished generally b creating a detachable locking mechanism to the base of the magazine or to the magazine itself By connecting
- the disclosed invention overcomes limitations of prior art to produce an innovati e handgun support brace for all handguns with detachable magazines. This is accomplished generally with two key innovations: (a) a brace arm connecting via a detachable locking mechanism to the base of the magazine or to the magazine itself, and (b) the forearm brace may be further configured to allow it to adj st and extend either above the forearm of the shooter or below the forearm of the shooter. By connecting the support brace to the magazine base or the agazine itself, no modification or alterations ha ve to be made to the handgun or its grip.
- the only change involves a relatively inexpensive replacement baseplate, or a replacement magazine, which are designed to attach to the handgun brace.
- the handgun brace being configurable to extend above or below the shooter's forearm, the shooter can select the desired and most appropriate method for steadying the handgun and mitigating recoil under the given circumstances.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the forearm support brace according to a first • embodiment which is, attached to the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted i nto the handgun. This illustration depicts the arm brace configured for a right-handed shooter.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the forearm -support brace according to a first embodiment which is attached to the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted into the
- This illustration depicts the attachment in use with an embodiment of the brace arm extending over the forearm of the shooter.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the .forearm sispport brace according to a first embodiment which is attached to the base of magazine and the magazine is inserted into the handgun. This illustration depicts the attachment in use with an embodimen of the brace ami extending under the forearm of the shooter.
- Fig. 4 is a exploded perspective illustration showing the parts of the brace arm of a first embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the forearm support brace according t a first embodiment which is disconnected from the base of the magazine, and the magazine is detached from the handgun.
- Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the forearm support brace according to a first embodiment which is detached from the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted into the handgun. This illustration depicts the arm brace configured for a left-handed shooter.
- Fig. 7 is a side vie of the forearm support brace according to a first embodiment which is assembled but disconnected from the magazine.
- Fig. 8 is an exploded view of all of the components of a fi rs embodiment of the inventive brace with the magazine inserted into the firearm.
- FIG. 9 shows various views of a second embod ment of the invention, which is a rod brace adapted to ruo .from the back of the base plate of a magazine to a shooter's arm.
- Fig. .10 shows various views of a third embodiment of the invention, a sling brace adapted to be worn over the shooter's am to absorb recoil attacking to the side of a magazine's base plate.
- FIG. 1 1 shows a side view of a forth -embodiment of the invention, adapted as a rod brace with a wing-nut and bolt joint that allows the brace to be adjusted.
- firearms have a substantially vertical plane of symmetry down the barrel of the firearm. Orientations in this specification and claims will be made in reference to that plane.
- orientation can be made in reference to the firearm.
- “Bottom” refers to the lower surface toward the ground. "Down” or
- Force refers to moving horizontally ' across the plane of symmetry, following the path .ammunition would travel down the barrel when the firearm is fired ' (i.e., from the chamber down the barrel to the barrel's opening), "in front of refers to moving forward on the firearm such that the area of discussion is offset from the firearm itself.
- Pitch plane refers to a hypothetical firearm's axis of symmetry , which extends to any magazine tha t would be inserted therein and any accessories (including braces) attached thereto. The pitch plane is a critical point of reference that is understood to exist for magazines and accessories even when they are not inserted into a firearm but is where the plane would be if the magazine were inserted into its firearm.
- Pitch refers to rotational movement on the vertical plane of symmetry changing the angle between the magazine and its attachment in that plane.
- a firearm' s magazine is adapted to be connected directly to an accessory without that accessory otherwise being connected to the firearm.
- the baseplate of the magazine is replaced with a custom baseplate that is integrated with an adapter such that the baseplate can connect to the accessory.
- embodiments may refer to a baseplate having a modification to attach to an accessory and text may refer to a magazine having an attachment means for an accessory. It is to be understood that it is well ' within the skill of the art for one to select connecting the adapter to the magazine or the magazine's baseplate.
- connection means to connect the accessory to the firearm magazine is reversible.
- the term "reversible” is to be understood to mean can be disconnected in the field without using specialty tools, such as equipment to remove a weld or cut a portion of metal
- the connection means has a first and second part, wherein the first part, is- permanently, semi-pernianently, or temporarily secured to or integrated with a magazine base plate or the magazine itself.
- the second connection part is permanently, semt-permanetvily, or temporarily connecied to an accessory.
- any adapter can be used to connect a firearm magazine or magazine baseplate to its accessory, such as glue, welding, screws, bolts, or any other art recognized technique.
- some firearms may not have removable baseplates, such as select Colt® pistols. Such firearms would require an adapter to be included in the design and manufacturer of the base of the magazine.
- the accessory is a brace adapted to connect to the shooter other than at the shooter's hand
- the accessory is not a onopod, bipod, or tripod or any other stand in which supports the weight of the firearm against the ground.
- the accessory is not an adapter designed to attach magazines to a picatmny rail or the like (which are generally intended to connect spare magazines to the picatmny rail of the firearm , not to. connect an accessory to the magazine of the firearm in situ).
- the accessory is not a monopod, bipod, or tripod or any other stand, which is intended to support the weight of the firearm against the ground.
- the accessory is flashlight, brace, scope, or a sensor.
- the accessory is a brace.
- a brace is the accessory and is adapted to be secured to the magazine or the -magazine baseplate as discussed above.
- brace can he used that is designed such that, it can connect to shooter's body other than the shooting hand on one end and can connect directly to the firearm .magazine on the other end.
- a brace according to the present invention does not connect with the firearm itself, only the magazine or the magazine baseplate.
- the brace can be a single piece or several pieces.
- the brace can be a simple machined or bent rod, or it can be designed with joints to allo significant adjustment, as would he understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the brace may : comprise ⁇ inter alia rods, joints, screws, screw-nuts, bolts, nuts, wires, connection means.
- Most components other than an impact absorbin component are generally rigid wit a high elastic modulus.
- the purpose of these rigid components is to transfer angular recoil, such thai the shooter's body other than hand can absorb the recoil As such, it is critical that these components can withstand the forces put on them by use, transport, and by firing without fracture (i.e., have a hig breaking point).
- the majority of these components are made of ceramics, metals, alloys, plasties or carbon fiber as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the brace may comprise compressible sleeve, such that the compressible sleeve is the physical connection between the. brace itself and the shooter.
- the compressible, sleeve will be adapted to elastic-ally absorb some of the impact from, th angular recoil when the firearm is fired or otherwise for shooter comfort.
- the compressible sleeve may ' be a portion of the brace that makes contact with the shooter.
- the compressible sleeve may ' be a portion of the brace that makes contact with the shooter.
- compressible sleeve wraps around at least a feature of the brace. More preferably, the compressible sleeve completely wraps around a cy lindrical portion of the brace. Most preferably, the compressible sleeve is adapted to surround an L-shaped portion of a proximal portion of a forearm support
- the compressible sleeve should be made of a material or composite with a low overall elastic modulus such that it elastically compresses and reliably absorbs impact.
- Exemplary materials include foam rubber, rubber, Sorbothane, low density polyethylene, polytetrafiuoroethylene, high density polyethylene, elastomers, nylon, nylon 6, polyamide nylon, polyethylene terephth ' alate, and polymers. Additionally, materials with a higher elastic modulus can be used in cushion materials as the outer layer to hold a ' cushioning material i place. Such lower- elasticity modulus materials can be woven into a fabric such that ihey are flexible and the cushion material unde the low modulus material is what actually absorbs the impact. Such cushion materials can be any material art recognized to be used for that purpose.
- the purpose- of -such a brace is to mitigate at least some of the recoil forces from a shooter's shooting hand to elsewhere on the shooter's body when the firearm is fired.
- This can be achieved by multiple methods, but each method generall y requires a locked pitch angle between the brace and the magazine.
- each method generall y requires a locked pitch angle between the brace and the magazine.
- it is important that the magazine and brace maintain a siv eient degree of rigidity when fired to perform this function without bending info each other n the firearm's axis of symmetry.
- the brace must he able to withstand the shooter pushing into the brace before the firearm is discharged, without the brace merely getting pushed away because the pitch angle opens.
- the pitch angle should he substantially locked, although depending on brace design, the shooter tnay be able to adjust the pitch angle and other features of the brace.
- the brace can be designed to connect to any point of a shooter's body other than the shooting hand and fingers.
- the brace could he designed to connect to a shooter's offhand for stability.
- the brace could be designed to connect to the shooter's shoulder.
- the brace would be designed to connect either above or below the forearm of the shooter .
- the brace could connect to the foreami of the shooter at any point from the wrist to the elbow and perform its intended, function. A connection on the forearm, closer to the elbow would allow for greater leverage against the recoil forces of the firearm with, the pivot point being at or about the connecting point between the brace and the magazine.
- a connection at the other end of the forearm closer to and including the connection with the wrist is still possible but less comfortable to absorb the recoil forces being translated into a downward force as there is more bone and less muscle at that location.
- the brace could still be adapted to connect at any point on the underside of the forearm, op to and including the connection with the wrist because any resistance to the shooting hand pushing forward helps to stabilize the handgun, and at least partially prepare the wrist and forearm to accept the recoil forces when the handgun is fired.
- the brace In the event that the brace is connected to the shooting hand's wrist, the brace must lock the wrist in place or otherwise give some recoil energ to the wrist as translational momentum instead of pure rotational momentum compared to use without the brace.
- a brace can be constructed as a single piece that is customized to the arm of the shooter, or it can be constructed with one or more pivot joints, to allow for horizontal and/or vertical adjustment of the brace to better engage the arm (or other engaging body part) of the shooter.
- the pivot jomt(s) can be adj usted and locked using number of locking mechanisms including hut not limited to: bolts, nuts, wing-nuts, thumb-screws, knobs, pins, spring-loaded ratchet mechanisms, posh button ratchet mechanisms, spring-loaded locking pins, and hand retractable spring-loaded locking pins.
- FIG. 1-8 a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
- Firearm til is shown with an embodiment of the present in vention attached thereon.
- Magazine 110 is secured to replacement base plate 101.
- Fitting 102 is adapted to be mated with replacement base plate 101 by laterally sliding into the form-fit groove on replacement base plate 101, such that the inventive brace can ultimately be disconnected at this connection and to give some mechanical stability to the connection.
- the hand retractable spring plunger 103 combined with the general form-fitting natures of the fitting 102 and replacement ' base plate 101 , .mechanically secures the fitting 102 to replacement base plate 10.1.
- Arm 104 is threaded on its first end so that it can be screwed , into a threaded opening in fitting 102. Arm 104 extends behind the replacement baseplate 101 and is threaded at its second end such that it can be bolted into connector assembly 106, and locked in place with locking bolt 105.
- Forearm brace 108 is inserted into connector assembly 106 to a shooter's preferred depth, angle and orientation, and then pin 107 is inserted into the back of the connector assembly 106 and engages the nearest locking hole in brace 108 to mechanically lock the brace relative to the connector assembl 106 and thus the entire device.
- Compressible sleeve 109 is adapted to surround brace .108 to give cushion to the brace when it engages the shooter's arm 112.
- the and retractable spring-loaded plunger in 103 can be- replaced with a bolt, thumbscrew, or spring-loaded ball plunger to lock the fitting 102 to replacement baseplate 101.
- Fitting 102 can be adapted to mate with replacement base plate 101 by horizontally or vertically sliding into a form-fit groove on replacement base plate.
- the brace could be made as one piece and sized to the shooter, with the brace attached to the adapter 202 via set screws 203.
- the brace could engage the arm of th e shooter from one side as in embodiment 100 5 or could do so from both sides as in the embodiment in Figure 10.
- pin 107 could " be replaced with a hand .retractable spr ing loaded plunger.
- the entire rear assembly of brace 100 could be replaced with strap mechanism which straps around the arm.
- forearm brace 108 could be curved i the section, that engages the arm of the shooter. Multiple sub-embodiments of this embodiment are possible depending on. the degree of customization, adjustment, and weight tolerance desired, by the shooter. [0048] Referring to Fig, 9, a second embodiment of the present invention is- shown.
- agazine 201 is provided, .Naturally magazine 201 is adapted to be inserted into a handgun magazine well Replacement, base 202 is connected to magazine 201 to create a connection means to an accessory. Brace 204 is contoured, to project from the back of the magazine. Brace 204 is locked into baseplate 202 using screws 203, so the whole system is secured together. m this manner, the magazine 20!. is now mechanically secured to brace 204 which is configured such that when the magazine is inserted into a firearm, the brace 204 will engage the shooter's arm and help absorb recoil whe the -firearm is fired.
- FIG. 10 a third embodiment of the- present invent ion is shown.
- Magazine 301 is provided. Magazine 301 is adapted to be inserted into a handgun magazine well. Replacement base 302 may be connected to magazine 301 to create a connection means bet ween the magazine and an accessory. Brace 303 with sling portion 304 is inserted into a groove on the bottom of the baseplate 302. Then other contoured mating structures of the baseplate are to be connected to the bottom of baseplate 302 and then screws are to be inserted to secure the magazine 301 to brace 303 with sling 304, In this manner, brace 303 with sling 304 will engage a shooter's arm and absorb recoil from any firearm in which magazine 301. is used. The angle of the brace -arm relative to the handgun and relative to the shooter's arm could be adjusted via setscrews and a spacer 302.
- FIG. 1 1 a fourth embodiment of the present i vention is shown.
- Connectio means 492 with an integrated spring-loaded bail plunger locking mechanism Is connected to a brace and a handgun magazine.
- the brace has a compressive sleeve (I.e., cushion; not labeled).
- the brace is adapted with wing-nuts 401 that allows pivoting of the brace around that point to adjust the brace.
- One wing-nut is vertical allowin lateral adjustment
- the other wing-nut is horizontal allowing vertica! adjustment lo this manner, a magazine-mounted brace i provided that allows adjustment of the brace.
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Abstract
In a first aspect, a mounting system to mount accessories to the magazine or magazine baseplate of a firearm is provided. In a more specific best mode, a handgun forearm brace and recoil suppression support, for example, for target shooting; training, and improved aim is discussed. The support structure is connected via a locking mechanism to the base of the handgun detachable magazine and extending rearward to a rear connector. The forearm brace is further configured to allow it to adjust and extend either above and over the forearm of the shooter or below the forearm of the shooter. This improved support connecting to the base of the magazine via a locking mechanism can be used as a universal support, for all guns with a detachable magazine without requiring any alternations, modifications, or attachments to the gun itself.
Description
ACCESSORIES ATTACHED TO FIREARM MAGAZINE
GROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS
[0001 ] This application claims priority under 35 U.S..C. 1.19(e) based upon Provisional Application Serial No. 62/090949, entitled "GU ARM BRACE ATTACHED TO
DETACHABLE MAGAZINE", filed December 12, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to a stabilizing attachment for a handgun, and more particularly, to an attachment for a handgun with a detachable magazine that secures to the base of die magazine and engages a shooter's forearm.
BACKGROUND OF THE IN VENTION
[0003] Several firearms utilize magazines to hold■■ammunition. Such firearms include auto and semi-automatic pistols. Small firearms, handguns, pistols, and the like can generate considerable recoil forces. Muzzle rise is a common phenomenon in all widely used firearms. Muzzle rise reduces accuracy of the firearm and makes it difficult to engage a target for a subsequent round. In addition, untrained shooters and shooters under stressful circumstances can flinch in anticipation of the recoil causing the muzzle to go off target. As the power of the cartridge increases, recoil forces and muzzle rise increases as well. Because of the absence of a shoulder stock, ail of the recoil forces are transferred to the shooter's hand muscles, in particular, the bane! axis lies above the center axis of
the arm, so the handgun's kickback gets transferred into angular momentum whic must be absorbed by the shooter's wrist Because the firearm 's recoil forces release suddenly when the firearm is fired, it is difficult for the muscles in the hand, wrist, and forearm to provide the necessary counter force to cancel out the recoil forces. Handguns also typically have very short, barrels. So while the barrel and the ammunition may be
manufactured for accurate shootings a small flinch, shake, or unsteadiness by the shooter will translate into a wide margin of error with respect to the intended target.
[0004] Two methods for steadying the handgun and mitigating recoil forces are demonstrated in the art:
[0005] With the first method, the rearward angular twisting forces from the firearm are mechanicall transferred by way of a support brace into a downward force on ie forearm thereby physically preventing the muzzle from rising. Examples of prior art using this method include: US 20140182181 A l ; US 2014/0053447 A l , and US 3,648,3% A. While effective to an extent, each of these examples has significant limitations:
• US 2014/0182181 A3 can only be used on handguns with a' buffer tube b
strapping the handgun. to the shooter's wrist. Very few handguns are designed, and manufactured with a buffer tube so this is a significant limitation. As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, strapping the firearm to the forearm is time consuming for the shooter, and limits the shooter's ability to switch quickly to a different firearm which is undesirable.
• 20.14/0053447 Al , and '3,648,3% A can only be used on a very limited number of handguns with grip that is manufactured by the handgun manufacturer or altered by a gunsmith to allow the brace support to be. attached to the grip of the handgun.
[0006] A second. -method for steadying the handgun and mitigating/recoil forces is to attach a brace to the -handgun which engages the underside of the forearm of the shooter. With this method, the shooter cm posh against the firearm a counter force prior -to -firing the firearm, which is ready to receive and cancel out the recoil forces when the han un is actually fired. Examples of prior art util izing this method include: US 3 J 62566, US 4,291,482 and US 5,180,874. However, similar to problems with the techniques above, ail of these examples require attaching -the support brace to the handgun or the grip of the handgun, which requires the handgun to either be manufactured with a grip that supports such il attachment or the grip must be altered by an experienced gunsmith to allo for the brace to be attached.
[0007] Both recoil suppression and firearm stabilization strategies have their advantages, hi certain situations and depending on a shooter's preference, on the build of the shooter, and the design and calibe of the handgun, one of the- above techniques may be preferable to the other. For example, the first method ma work acceptably for many smaller caliber handguns- as the recoil forces generated are small and can be easy absorbed by the forearm, but would be difficult to implement safel for larger caliber handguns which can generate as much as 45 pounds recoil force. The second method is also useful, in certain circumstances, but it still relies on the shooter's wrist to put a forward positive force against the firearm prior to firing, which varies from shooter to shooter. As such the method would be less effective or useful for individuals with a disability or a weak wrist.
[0008] All prior art suffers from a few significant limitations:
• they all ar designed to be. attached directl to the handgun, usually the grip;
• they all are designed to allow the shooter to suppress recoil 'by having the brace twist into the shooter's arm during a discharge or stabilize the firearm during discharge by applying pressure to the brace, thereby making the wrist rigid, hut not both; and
• for ail practical purposes, they are limited to a handful of firearm models that are manufactured with the necessary buffer tube or the necessary screws in the grip to allow these devices to be attached.
[0009] Attaching the support to the handgun is a significant limitation.. There are only a handful of handgun models designed with a buffer tube, or with a slot to attach a siipport. In addition, many handguns do not have grips that are screwed to the frame that can be used to attach a support apparatus. As for the select few handguns manufactured wit screws on removable grips, there are practical, and market limitations with the idea of developing replacement grips which allow a brace to be attached io the handgun. The replacement grips would be in competition with an entire cottage industry of screw on grips: to allow the firearm's owner to customize the look, form, and tee! of their handgun grip, which may additionaliy have intellectual, properties protecting competitors from entering the market.
[00 !O] In general it would be beneficial if a new .method of reversibly connecting an attachment, especially envisioned as a brace, to a firearm. It would be greatly beneficial if the modifications were secure, semi-permanent, and were not attached directly to the firearm such that it could be attached to a plethora of models without a gunsmith making alterations to the handgun. Further, it would be beneficial if the solution were robust and
capable of changing attachments quickly and efficiently, in the field as easily as in the shop.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[001.1} Generally, the disclosed invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art to produce an innovative firearm that has a robust attachment adapted to secure a plurality of aftemiarket devices to the firearm reversibiy and without requiring any modification of the firearm itself. This is accomplished generally b creating a detachable locking mechanism to the base of the magazine or to the magazine itself By connecting
attachments to the magazine base or the magazine itself, no modification or alterations have to be made to the handgun or its grip. Further., the only change involves a relatively inexpensive replacement baseplate, or a replacement magazine. This allows changing of accessories for the .firearm by merely changing the magazine, which can be done quickly in the field.
[0012] In a more preferred aspect of the invention, the disclosed invention overcomes limitations of prior art to produce an innovati e handgun support brace for all handguns with detachable magazines. This is accomplished generally with two key innovations: (a) a brace arm connecting via a detachable locking mechanism to the base of the magazine or to the magazine itself, and (b) the forearm brace may be further configured to allow it to adj st and extend either above the forearm of the shooter or below the forearm of the shooter. By connecting the support brace to the magazine base or the agazine itself, no modification or alterations ha ve to be made to the handgun or its grip. To use any model handgun with the brace, the only change involves a relatively inexpensive replacement
baseplate, or a replacement magazine, which are designed to attach to the handgun brace. With the handgun brace being configurable to extend above or below the shooter's forearm, the shooter can select the desired and most appropriate method for steadying the handgun and mitigating recoil under the given circumstances. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The following drawings illustrate by way of example, and are included to provide further understanding of the invention for purpose of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the invention. No attempt is made to show structural details of the embodiments in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental, understanding of th e invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invent ion may be embodied in practice. I dentical referenc numerals do not necessarily indicate an identical structure. Rather, the same reference numeral may fee used to Indicate a similar feature or a feature with similar functionality. Importantly, the drawings demonstrate several embodiments of the invention that are not intended to be limiting. As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the disclosure, the present invention has a wide range of utility outside of the presently disclosed embodiments, which has been described generall herein. The precise scope of the present invention is to be defined by the claims, in the drawings:
[0014] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the forearm support brace according to a first •embodiment which is, attached to the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted i nto the handgun. This illustration depicts the arm brace configured for a right-handed shooter.
[001.5] Fig. 2 is a side view of the forearm -support brace according to a first embodiment which is attached to the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted into the
handgun. This illustration depicts the attachment in use with an embodiment of the brace arm extending over the forearm of the shooter.
[0016] Fig, 3 is a side view of the .forearm sispport brace according to a first embodiment which is attached to the base of magazine and the magazine is inserted into the handgun. This illustration depicts the attachment in use with an embodimen of the brace ami extending under the forearm of the shooter.
[001.7] Fig. 4 is a exploded perspective illustration showing the parts of the brace arm of a first embodiment of the invention.
[0018] Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the forearm support brace according t a first embodiment which is disconnected from the base of the magazine, and the magazine is detached from the handgun.
[0019] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the forearm support brace according to a first embodiment which is detached from the base of a magazine and the magazine is inserted into the handgun. This illustration depicts the arm brace configured for a left-handed shooter.
[0020] Fig. 7 is a side vie of the forearm support brace according to a first embodiment which is assembled but disconnected from the magazine.
[0021 J Fig. 8 is an exploded view of all of the components of a fi rs embodiment of the inventive brace with the magazine inserted into the firearm.
[0022] Fig, 9 shows various views of a second embod ment of the invention, which is a rod brace adapted to ruo .from the back of the base plate of a magazine to a shooter's arm.
[0023] Fig. .10 shows various views of a third embodiment of the invention, a sling brace adapted to be worn over the shooter's am to absorb recoil attacking to the side of a magazine's base plate.
[0024] Fig. 1 1 shows a side view of a forth -embodiment of the invention, adapted as a rod brace with a wing-nut and bolt joint that allows the brace to be adjusted.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIO OF THE INVENTION
[0025] While the present invention is exemplified as braces being connected to the
.magazine of a firearm, those skilled in the art would readily recognize that the standard couplings and fittings could be used to secure many things to the magazine of a firearm for man useful purposes. Naturally, the scope of the present invention is not intended to e limited by the embodiments herein, which by their very nature are mere examples. Instead, the full scope of the invention is defined in the claims below.
[0026] As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, firearms have a substantially vertical plane of symmetry down the barrel of the firearm. Orientations in this specification and claims will be made in reference to that plane. When the firearm barrel is parallel to the ground, and when the plane of symmetry is orthogonal to the ground (Le,t when the grip is pointed effecti v ely down as much as possible subject to the other two constraints above having higher priority), orientation can be made in reference
to the firearm. "Bottom" refers to the lower surface toward the ground. "Down" or
"downward" refers to m vin toward the ground through the firearm. '-'Top refers to the upper surface toward the sky. "Upward" refers to moving upward from the ground through the firearm. "Back" refers to movin horizontally across the plane of symmetry, opposite the direction ammunition travels down the barrel when th 'firearm is fired (i.e., from the barrel's opening where ammunition is discharged when fired, down the barrel, to the chamber). "Behind" refers to moving back on the firearm such that the area of discussion is offset from the; firearm itself. "Forward" refers to moving horizontally 'across the plane of symmetry, following the path .ammunition would travel down the barrel when the firearm is fired '(i.e., from the chamber down the barrel to the barrel's opening), "in front of refers to moving forward on the firearm such that the area of discussion is offset from the firearm itself. "Pitch plane" refers to a hypothetical firearm's axis of symmetry , which extends to any magazine tha t would be inserted therein and any accessories (including braces) attached thereto. The pitch plane is a critical point of reference that is understood to exist for magazines and accessories even when they are not inserted into a firearm but is where the plane would be if the magazine were inserted into its firearm. "Pitch" refers to rotational movement on the vertical plane of symmetry changing the angle between the magazine and its attachment in that plane.
[S027J Magazine
[0028] According the present invention, a firearm' s magazine is adapted to be connected directly to an accessory without that accessory otherwise being connected to the firearm.
[0029] In one aspect of the invention, the baseplate of the magazine is replaced with a custom baseplate that is integrated with an adapter such that the baseplate can connect to the accessory. Throughout this specification, embodiments may refer to a baseplate having a modification to attach to an accessory and text may refer to a magazine having an attachment means for an accessory. It is to be understood that it is well 'within the skill of the art for one to select connecting the adapter to the magazine or the magazine's baseplate. Therefore, regarding this discussion, it is to be understood when discussing connecting the magazin that in an alternate embodiment, the skilled artisan- -could connect the device to the magazine baseplate instead, and vice versa. In a preferred, embodiment in the case of an accessory adapter being connected directly to the magazine, it is connected directly to the bottom of the magazine. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention and in the case of an accessory adapter being connected, directly to me .magazine, the side walls of the magazine are of a size thai the walls of the magazine are completely surrounded in the magazine well when the magazine is substantially inserted into the firearm's magazine well, such that only the bottom face of the magazine is not abutted to an inner face of the magazine well and as the general case of a handgun magazine.
[0030] in one aspect of the invention, the connection means to connect the accessory to the firearm magazine is reversible. In this specification, the term "reversible" is to be understood to mean can be disconnected in the field without using specialty tools, such as equipment to remove a weld or cut a portion of metal In another aspect of the i nvention, the connection means has a first and second part, wherein the first part, is- permanently, semi-pernianently, or temporarily secured to or integrated with a magazine base plate or
the magazine itself. The second connection part is permanently, semt-permanetvily, or temporarily connecied to an accessory.
[0031] As would be understood by the skilled artisan, any adapter can be used to connect a firearm magazine or magazine baseplate to its accessory, such as glue, welding, screws, bolts, or any other art recognized technique. Further, some firearms may not have removable baseplates, such as select Colt® pistols. Such firearms would require an adapter to be included in the design and manufacturer of the base of the magazine.
[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the mvention,.the accessory is a brace adapted to connect to the shooter other than at the shooter's hand,
[0033} In a preferred embodiment, the accessory is not a onopod, bipod, or tripod or any other stand in which supports the weight of the firearm against the ground.
[0034] It is to be understood that the present invention is to mechanically secure
accessories to the magazine. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the accessory is not an adapter designed to attach magazines to a picatmny rail or the like (which are generally intended to connect spare magazines to the picatmny rail of the firearm , not to. connect an accessory to the magazine of the firearm in situ). Further, in a preferred embodiment, the accessory is not a monopod, bipod, or tripod or any other stand, which is intended to support the weight of the firearm against the ground. In a more preferred embodiment, the accessory is flashlight, brace, scope, or a sensor. In yet another preferred embodiment, the accessory is a brace.
[0036] In a preferred aspect of the present invention, a brace is the accessory and is adapted to be secured to the magazine or the -magazine baseplate as discussed above.
[0037] Any brace can he used that is designed such that, it can connect to shooter's body other than the shooting hand on one end and can connect directly to the firearm .magazine on the other end. Importantly, a brace according to the present invention does not connect with the firearm itself, only the magazine or the magazine baseplate. The brace can be a single piece or several pieces. The brace can be a simple machined or bent rod, or it can be designed with joints to allo significant adjustment, as would he understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0038] The brace may : comprise■ inter alia rods, joints, screws, screw-nuts, bolts, nuts, wires, connection means. Most components other than an impact absorbin component (such as a compressible sleeve, described below) are generally rigid wit a high elastic modulus. The purpose of these rigid components is to transfer angular recoil, such thai the shooter's body other than hand can absorb the recoil As such, it is critical that these components can withstand the forces put on them by use, transport, and by firing without fracture (i.e., have a hig breaking point). The majority of these components are made of ceramics, metals, alloys, plasties or carbon fiber as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. More specific examples of materials inc l ude anodized aluminum, reinforced aluminum composite, an aluminum alloy, a solid sol with an aluminum matrix, a fiber-reinforced, material with an aluminum matrix, titanium, titanium alloys, steel, stainless- steel, iron, ferroalloys, woven carbon fiber, plastic, nylon, polyaniide nylon, polymers, nylon 6, and carbon-fiber reinforced aluminum. In a preferred embodiment, these components are made from 2024 or 7075 anodized
aluminum and stainless steel to achieve a high strength to weight ratio and good weather resistance,
[0039] The brace may comprise compressible sleeve, such that the compressible sleeve is the physical connection between the. brace itself and the shooter. The compressible, sleeve will be adapted to elastic-ally absorb some of the impact from, th angular recoil when the firearm is fired or otherwise for shooter comfort. The compressible sleeve may 'be a portion of the brace that makes contact with the shooter. Preferably, the
compressible sleeve wraps around at least a feature of the brace. More preferably, the compressible sleeve completely wraps around a cy lindrical portion of the brace. Most preferably, the compressible sleeve is adapted to surround an L-shaped portion of a proximal portion of a forearm support The compressible sleeve should be made of a material or composite with a low overall elastic modulus such that it elastically compresses and reliably absorbs impact. Exemplary materials include foam rubber, rubber, Sorbothane, low density polyethylene, polytetrafiuoroethylene, high density polyethylene, elastomers, nylon, nylon 6, polyamide nylon, polyethylene terephth'alate, and polymers. Additionally, materials with a higher elastic modulus can be used in cushion materials as the outer layer to hold a 'cushioning material i place. Such lower- elasticity modulus materials can be woven into a fabric such that ihey are flexible and the cushion material unde the low modulus material is what actually absorbs the impact. Such cushion materials can be any material art recognized to be used for that purpose.
[0040] The purpose- of -such a brace is to mitigate at least some of the recoil forces from a shooter's shooting hand to elsewhere on the shooter's body when the firearm is fired. This can be achieved by multiple methods, but each method generally requires a locked
pitch angle between the brace and the magazine. For example, in the case of a brace over the arm designed to transfer recoil energy into the forearm of the shooter, it is important that the magazine and brace maintain a siv eient degree of rigidity when fired to perform this function without bending info each other n the firearm's axis of symmetry. Or in the case of a brace under the shooter's arm, the brace must he able to withstand the shooter pushing into the brace before the firearm is discharged, without the brace merely getting pushed away because the pitch angle opens. As such, the pitch angle should he substantially locked, although depending on brace design, the shooter tnay be able to adjust the pitch angle and other features of the brace.
[00 1] It is to be understood that the brace can be designed to connect to any point of a shooter's body other than the shooting hand and fingers. For example, the brace could he designed to connect to a shooter's offhand for stability. Further, the brace could be designed to connect to the shooter's shoulder. In the preferred embodiment, the brace would be designed to connect either above or below the forearm of the shooter . The brace could connect to the foreami of the shooter at any point from the wrist to the elbow and perform its intended, function. A connection on the forearm, closer to the elbow would allow for greater leverage against the recoil forces of the firearm with, the pivot point being at or about the connecting point between the brace and the magazine. A connection at the other end of the forearm closer to and including the connection with the wrist is still possible but less comfortable to absorb the recoil forces being translated into a downward force as there is more bone and less muscle at that location. However, the brace could still be adapted to connect at any point on the underside of the forearm, op to and including the connection with the wrist because any resistance to the shooting hand
pushing forward helps to stabilize the handgun, and at least partially prepare the wrist and forearm to accept the recoil forces when the handgun is fired. In the event that the brace is connected to the shooting hand's wrist, the brace must lock the wrist in place or otherwise give some recoil energ to the wrist as translational momentum instead of pure rotational momentum compared to use without the brace.
[0042] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a brace can be constructed as a single piece that is customized to the arm of the shooter, or it can be constructed with one or more pivot joints, to allow for horizontal and/or vertical adjustment of the brace to better engage the arm (or other engaging body part) of the shooter. Further, the pivot jomt(s) can be adj usted and locked using number of locking mechanisms including hut not limited to: bolts, nuts, wing-nuts, thumb-screws, knobs, pins, spring-loaded ratchet mechanisms, posh button ratchet mechanisms, spring-loaded locking pins, and hand retractable spring-loaded locking pins.
[0043] Examples
[0044] Referring now to Figs, 1-8, a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. Firearm til is shown with an embodiment of the present in vention attached thereon. Magazine 110 is secured to replacement base plate 101. Fitting 102 is adapted to be mated with replacement base plate 101 by laterally sliding into the form-fit groove on replacement base plate 101, such that the inventive brace can ultimately be disconnected at this connection and to give some mechanical stability to the connection. The hand retractable spring plunger 103, combined with the general form-fitting natures of the fitting 102 and replacement' base plate 101 , .mechanically secures the fitting 102 to
replacement base plate 10.1. Arm 104 is threaded on its first end so that it can be screwed, into a threaded opening in fitting 102. Arm 104 extends behind the replacement baseplate 101 and is threaded at its second end such that it can be bolted into connector assembly 106, and locked in place with locking bolt 105. Forearm brace 108 is inserted into connector assembly 106 to a shooter's preferred depth, angle and orientation, and then pin 107 is inserted into the back of the connector assembly 106 and engages the nearest locking hole in brace 108 to mechanically lock the brace relative to the connector assembl 106 and thus the entire device. Compressible sleeve 109 is adapted to surround brace .108 to give cushion to the brace when it engages the shooter's arm 112.
[0045] The and retractable spring-loaded plunger in 103 can be- replaced with a bolt, thumbscrew, or spring-loaded ball plunger to lock the fitting 102 to replacement baseplate 101. Fitting 102 can be adapted to mate with replacement base plate 101 by horizontally or vertically sliding into a form-fit groove on replacement base plate.
[0046] The brace could be made as one piece and sized to the shooter, with the brace attached to the adapter 202 via set screws 203. The brace could engage the arm of th e shooter from one side as in embodiment 1005 or could do so from both sides as in the embodiment in Figure 10.
[0047] in another embodiment, pin 107 could "be replaced with a hand .retractable spr ing loaded plunger. In another embodiment, the entire rear assembly of brace 100 could be replaced with strap mechanism which straps around the arm. In another embodiment, forearm brace 108 could be curved i the section, that engages the arm of the shooter. Multiple sub-embodiments of this embodiment are possible depending on. the degree of customization, adjustment, and weight tolerance desired, by the shooter.
[0048] Referring to Fig, 9, a second embodiment of the present invention is- shown. agazine 201 is provided, .Naturally magazine 201 is adapted to be inserted into a handgun magazine well Replacement, base 202 is connected to magazine 201 to create a connection means to an accessory. Brace 204 is contoured, to project from the back of the magazine. Brace 204 is locked into baseplate 202 using screws 203, so the whole system is secured together. m this manner, the magazine 20!. is now mechanically secured to brace 204 which is configured such that when the magazine is inserted into a firearm, the brace 204 will engage the shooter's arm and help absorb recoil whe the -firearm is fired.
[0049] Referring to Fig, 10, a third embodiment of the- present invent ion is shown.
Magazine 301 is provided. Magazine 301 is adapted to be inserted into a handgun magazine well. Replacement base 302 may be connected to magazine 301 to create a connection means bet ween the magazine and an accessory. Brace 303 with sling portion 304 is inserted into a groove on the bottom of the baseplate 302. Then other contoured mating structures of the baseplate are to be connected to the bottom of baseplate 302 and then screws are to be inserted to secure the magazine 301 to brace 303 with sling 304, In this manner, brace 303 with sling 304 will engage a shooter's arm and absorb recoil from any firearm in which magazine 301. is used. The angle of the brace -arm relative to the handgun and relative to the shooter's arm could be adjusted via setscrews and a spacer 302.
[0050] Referring now to Fig. 1 1 , a fourth embodiment of the present i vention is shown. Connectio means 492 with an integrated spring-loaded bail plunger locking mechanism Is connected to a brace and a handgun magazine. The brace has a compressive sleeve (I.e., cushion; not labeled). The brace is adapted with wing-nuts 401 that allows pivoting
of the brace around that point to adjust the brace. One wing-nut is vertical allowin lateral adjustment The other wing-nut is horizontal allowing vertica! adjustment lo this manner, a magazine-mounted brace i provided that allows adjustment of the brace.
Claims
The present inventor claims the following:
L A structure for connecting an accessor io a firearm mag zine, comprising: a connecting component; and
a structural component;
wherein the structural component is selected from the group consisting of: a firearm magazine baseplate and a firearm magazine;
wherein the connecting component Is mechanically secured to, integrated with, or part of the structural component and
wherein the connecting component is adapted to mechanically secure an accessory to the structural component.
2. The struct ure of claim 1.. wherein the connecting component i s not a component adapted to he connected to a pieatiany rail
3. The structure of claim Ϊ , wherein the connecting component is not connected to mouopod, bipod, tripod, or stand.
4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structural component is a firearm magazine baseplate and the connecting component is connected to a .firearm:
•magazine baseplate.
5, The structure of claim 4, wherein the connecting component is- connected to the bottom of the baseplate,
6, The structure of claim 4, wherein the connecting component is connected to the back of the baseplate.
7. The structure of claim I, wherein the structural component/is a firearm magazine and the connecting component is connected to a firearm magazine directly.
8. The structure of claim 6, wherein the connecting component is connected to the bottom of the magazine.
9. The structure of claim 6, wherein the connecting component is connected to the back of the magazine.
10. The structure of claim Ϊ , wherein the connecting component -is connected' to a mated second connecting component, that is secured to a brace adapted to connect to a shooter's body other than shooting hand such that the magazine is mechanically secured to the shooter's body other than shooting hand.
11. A kit for a firearm to mechanically secure the firearm' to a shooter's body other than the shooting hand, comprising:
a brace comprising a first connecting component, and
a magazine comprising a second connecting, component,- wherein the brace is configured to mechanically connect to the shooter's body other than the .shooting hand;
wherein when the first and second connecting components are connected together, when the magazine is installed into a firearm, and when the brace is mechanically connected to the shooter's body other than the shooting hand, the kit mechanic all secures the fi rear to the shooter's body other t ha th e shooting hand to steady and brace the firearm, and to at least partially mitigate recoil.
12. The kit of claim 1 1 , wherein a pitch angle between the magazine and the brace are locked when not being adjusted such that there is sobstaniially no deformation on the pitch plane when the firearm is fired.
13. The kit of claim 1 1 , wherein the brace is a single piece.
14. The kit of claim 5 1 , wherein the brace comprises a plurality of components.
15. The kit of claim 15, wherein a compressible sleeve is attached to the brace,
16. The kit of claim 1 L, wherein the magazine comprises a baseplate and the second connecting component is attached to the baseplate.
17. The kit of claim 1 1 , wherein when the fi rst and second connecting
components axe connected together and w en the magazine is instalied into a firearm, the brace i oriented behind the firearm so that it can get mechanical support from behind the firearm.
18. The kit of claim 31 , wherein the firearm is a handgun and the magazine is a magazine for a handgun.
19. A method of bracing and steadying a handgu comprising the following steps, which are performed in any order:
providing a handgun;
providing a magazine with a mechanism to connect a brace thereto;
connecting the brace to the magazine;
locking the magazine into the handgun's magazine wel.1; and
securing the brace to a shooter at a point on the shooter^ body other than the shooting hand.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising; mitigating recoil by firing the handgun and transferring a portion of the recoil force to the shooter at the point on the shooter's body other than the shooting hand where the brace is connected to the shooter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/642,315 | 2015-03-09 | ||
US14/642,315 US20160265872A1 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | Accessories attached to firearm magazine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016145055A1 true WO2016145055A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
Family
ID=56880560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2016/021525 WO2016145055A1 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | Accessories attached to firearm magazine |
Country Status (2)
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US (1) | US20160265872A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016145055A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10161705B2 (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-12-25 | Shane Keng | Magazine floorplate with one or more retaining clips for a firearm |
US9587906B1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-03-07 | Edward Florczak | Palm shelf insert |
US9945627B2 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-04-17 | Recover Innovations Ltd. | Magazine attachment |
US9664477B1 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2017-05-30 | Johnson Paul Reavis, III | Handgun brace |
US10823528B2 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2020-11-03 | Gear Head Works, Llc | Handgun brace |
US10415922B2 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-09-17 | Robert REIK | Support adapter system for firearms |
USD854110S1 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2019-07-16 | Gear Head Works, Llc | Arm brace for a handgun |
US20190257613A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-08-22 | Frederick Edward Burkhart, III | Modular forearm brace mounting system(s) for handguns |
US10871345B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2020-12-22 | Sagi Faifer | Pistol chassis and firearm apparatus |
US11045333B2 (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-06-29 | Lifework Adapter Llc | Prosthetic hook adaptor for sporting equipment |
US10921079B1 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-02-16 | Full Forward Technologies, Llc | Magazine retention device with integrated aiming system |
USD900271S1 (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2020-10-27 | Sagi Faifer | Folding gun stock |
US11719501B2 (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2023-08-08 | Zackery D. AMES | Apparatus for improving the performance of firearms |
USD1040282S1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-08-27 | New Revo Brand Group, Llc | Adapter sleeve for vise block |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3798818A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1974-03-26 | R Casull | Means for coupling a hand gun to an auxiliary stock |
US4644930A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1987-02-24 | Robert Mainhardt | Gun for firing a variety of projectiles |
-
2015
- 2015-03-09 US US14/642,315 patent/US20160265872A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-03-09 WO PCT/US2016/021525 patent/WO2016145055A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3798818A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1974-03-26 | R Casull | Means for coupling a hand gun to an auxiliary stock |
US4644930A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1987-02-24 | Robert Mainhardt | Gun for firing a variety of projectiles |
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US20160265872A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
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