WO2016137805A1 - Solutions de traitement antimicrobien - Google Patents

Solutions de traitement antimicrobien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016137805A1
WO2016137805A1 PCT/US2016/018392 US2016018392W WO2016137805A1 WO 2016137805 A1 WO2016137805 A1 WO 2016137805A1 US 2016018392 W US2016018392 W US 2016018392W WO 2016137805 A1 WO2016137805 A1 WO 2016137805A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solution
ammonium compound
weight
quaternary ammonium
food product
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PCT/US2016/018392
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English (en)
Inventor
Justin Massey
Tim Yeaman
Original Assignee
Safe Foods Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safe Foods Corporation filed Critical Safe Foods Corporation
Priority to CA2976009A priority Critical patent/CA2976009C/fr
Priority to MX2017010563A priority patent/MX2017010563A/es
Priority to BR112017017489A priority patent/BR112017017489A2/pt
Publication of WO2016137805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016137805A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3526—Organic compounds containing nitrogen

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to antimicrobial treatments of food products and, more particularly, to antimicrobial treatments and treatment solutions comprising quaternary ammonium compounds and associated methods of reducing quaternary ammonium compound residues following such treatments.
  • Food products are often treated with antimicrobial solutions to kill or control microbial populations that may otherwise deleteriously affect the food products.
  • food products may be covered in microbial populations that impact the safety or the quality of the food products.
  • antimicrobial solutions play an essential role in food safety by reducing or eliminating microbial populations
  • antimicrobial solutions may also include various levels of toxicity if excessive levels are consumed.
  • controlling microbial populations on food products with antimicrobial solutions may require achieving a delicate balance between the desired control of the microbial populations and the residual presence of the antimicrobial components used to control the microbial levels.
  • an aqueous antimicrobial solution for treatment of food products comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and an acidifying agent.
  • the acidifying agent may be present in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value between about 2.0 and about 1.0, between about 1.5 to about 1.2, or between about 1.5 to about 1.3.
  • the acidifying agent may comprise a wide range of acids, including but not limited to acids that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
  • the acidifying agent may comprise one or more acids selected from generally GRAS acids.
  • the acidifying agent may comprise at least one of citric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in a wide range of concentrations.
  • the quatemary ammonium compound may be present in an amount of about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.3% to about 0.4% by weight, or about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight.
  • the quatemary ammonium compound may be an alkylpyridinium salt.
  • the alkylpyridinium salt may be cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the solution may further comprise a solubility agent.
  • the solubility agent is selected from propylene glycol and glycerin.
  • the solution may be formed from dilution of a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising the quatemary ammonium compound and the solubility agent.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may have a pH value less than 7.0.
  • the quatemary ammonium compound may be present in a concentration between one of 0.2% and 0.5% by weight, 0.3% and 0.4% by weight, and 0.3% and 0.35% by weight and the acidifying agent may be present in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value such that treatment of a food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 35 ppm.
  • the concentrations of the quatemary ammonium compound and acidifying agent are selected such that treatment of the food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quatemary ammonium compound below about 31.5 ppm.
  • the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound and acidifying agent are selected such that treatment of the food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 7 ppm.
  • the treatment may comprise spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution for between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds, between about 12 seconds and between about 4 seconds, or about 10 seconds and about 5 seconds.
  • a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and a solubility agent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has a pH value below 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in an amount about 40% by weight.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be an alkylpyridinium salt.
  • the alkylpyridinium salt is cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the solubility agent may be selected from one of an alcohol and glycerin.
  • the solubility agent is propylene glycol.
  • the propylene glycol may be present in a wide range of values.
  • the propylene glycol may be present in an amount between about 55% and about 60% by weight of the concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • a method of preparing an antimicrobial treatment solution comprises adding an acidifying agent to a solution comprising a quaternary ammonium compound.
  • the acidifying agent may be added in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value between one of about 2.0 and about 1.0, about 1.5 and about 1.2, and about 1.5 and about 1.3.
  • the acidifying agent comprises one or more acids generally recognized as safe (GRAS) acids.
  • the acidifying agent may comprise at least one of citric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in the solution in an amount between about 0.2% and about 0.5% by weight, between about 0.3% and about 0.4% by weight, or between about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be an alkylpyridinium salt.
  • the alkylpyridinium salt may be cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the concentrated quaternary ammonium compound may be provided in a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising the quaternary ammonium compound and a solubility agent.
  • the solubility agent may be selected from an alcohol, such as propylene glycol, and glycerin.
  • the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound in the solution is between one of about 0.2% and about 0.5% by weight, about 0.3% and about 0.4% by weight, and about 0.3% and about 0.35% by weight
  • the method further comprises adding the acidifying agent in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value such that treatment of a food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 35 ppm.
  • the treatment may comprise spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution for between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds, between about 12 seconds and about 4 seconds, or between about 10 seconds and about 5 seconds.
  • the concentrations of the quaternary ammonium compound and acidifying agent are selected such that treatment of a food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 31.5 ppm. In yet a further embodiment, the concentrations of the quaternary ammonium compound and the acidifying agent are selected such that treatment of a food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 7 ppm.
  • a method of making a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises formulating a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, a solubility agent, and an acidifying agent in a solvent, wherein the acidifying agent may be added to the concentrated solution in an amount sufficient to provide a pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution below 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be an alkylpyridinium salt.
  • the alkylpyridinium salt may be cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the cetylpyridinium chloride may be present in an amount of about 40% by weight.
  • the solubility agent may be selected from an alcohol and glycerin.
  • the solubility agent is propylene glycol.
  • the propylene glycol may be present in a wide range of values.
  • the propylene glycol may be present in an amount between about 55% and about 60% by weight of the concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • the solvent is water.
  • a method of treating a food product comprises applying an antimicrobial solution to a food product.
  • the antimicrobial solution may comprise a quaternary ammonium compound and an acidifying agent.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in an amount between one of about 0.2% and about 0.5% by weight, about 0.3% and about 0.4% by weight, and about 0.3% and about 0.35% by weight.
  • the solution may have a pH value between one of about 2.0 and about 1.0, about 1.5 and about 1.2, and about 1.5 and 1.3.
  • Applying the antimicrobial solution may comprise spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution.
  • the solution may be applied to the food product for an application time between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds.
  • the food product comprises a poultry food product selected from one of a carcass, breast, tender, thigh, giblet, and wing.
  • a method of formulating an antimicrobial treatment solution comprises selecting a solution concentration of a quatemary ammonium compound.
  • the quatemary ammonium compound may be cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.3% to about 0.4% by weight, and about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight.
  • the method may further comprise selecting a solution pH value between one of about 2.0 and about 1.0, about 1.5 and about 1.2, and about 1.5 and about 1.3.
  • the treatment may comprise application of the solution to the food product by one of spraying the solution onto the food product and submerging the food product in the solution for an application time between one of about 15 seconds to about 3 seconds, about 12 seconds to about 4 seconds, and about 10 seconds to about 5 seconds.
  • the method may further comprise selecting an acidifying agent to adjust the pH of the solution to obtain the selected solution pH value.
  • the selected quaternary ammonium compound may be combined with a solubility agent prior to adjusting the pH with the selected acidifying agent to obtain the selected solution pH value.
  • the acidifying agent may preferably be selected from one or more acids comprising generally recognized as safe (GRAS) acids.
  • the selected acidifying agent comprises at least one of citric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • the method may further comprise selecting a solubility agent selected from an alcohol and glycerin.
  • the method includes selecting a solubility agent comprising propylene glycol.
  • the selected quaternary ammonium compound may be provided in a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising the selected solubility agent.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an overview of the experimental protocol of Example 1
  • FIG. 2 graphically illustrates residue data obtained in Example 1
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an overview of the experimental protocol of Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 graphically illustrates residue data obtained in Example 2.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an overview of the experimental protocol of Example 3.
  • FIG. 6 graphically illustrates microbial data obtained in Example 3.
  • quatemary ammonium compounds are described herein.
  • the particular quaternary ammonium compound is preferably suitable for use in preventing the growth of a broad spectrum of microorganisms on and in food products by application of the quaternary ammonium compound or treatment solution comprising the quatemary ammonium compound to such food products.
  • the food products treated may include poultry, beef, pork, lamb, venison, and other edible meat products, such as seafood, fish and shellfish, as well as fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
  • an aqueous antimicrobial solution for treatment of a food product comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and an acidifying agent.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in the solution in an amount preferably about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, more preferably about 0.3% to about 0.4% by weight, and even more preferably about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in a concentrated solution formulated for dilution to prepare the antimicrobial treatment solution. Accordingly, in some embodiments, concentrated solutions of antimicrobial compositions comprising a concentrated quaternary ammonium compound are also described herein.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be any quaternary ammonium compound known in the art for use in antimicrobial treatment of food products.
  • various suitable quaternary ammonium compounds are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 6,039,992, issued March 21, 2000, to Compadre et al. for METHOD FOR THE BROAD SPECTRUM PREVENTION AND REMOVAL OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be selected from the group consisting of alkylpyridinium, tetra-alkylammonium and alkylalicyclic ammonium salts.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is preferably an alkylpyridinium salt.
  • the alkylpyridinium salt is cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be selected from the group consisting of alkylpyridinium, tetra-alkylammonium and alkylalicyclic ammonium salts.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound concentrations are described by concentrations as either parts per million (ppm) or % by weight, where 100,000 ppm is equal to 10% by weight.
  • the examples utilize cetylpyridinium chloride and use both ppm or % to designate concentration.
  • the acidifying agent preferably comprises one or more acids generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food uses related to human consumption as defined or recognized by the United States Food and Drug Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture, including but not limited to those identified in 21 CFR Parts 182, 184, and 186.
  • the acidifying agent may comprise one or more of acidic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
  • the acidifying agent is preferably present in an amount to provide the antimicrobial treatment solution with an acidic pH resulting in reduced quaternary ammonium compound residue on the food product treated with the solution compared to treatment of the food product with the antimicrobial treatment solution having a neutral pH value.
  • the acidifying agent may be present in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value preferably between about 2.0 and about 1.0, more preferably between about 1.5 to about 1.2, or even more preferably between about 1.5 to about 1.3.
  • the antimicrobial treatment solution further comprises at least one solubility agent to maintain the quaternary ammonium compound in solution.
  • the solubility agent may be any compatible solubility agent that solubilizes quaternary ammonium compounds in solution at concentrations of greater than preferably about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, more preferably about 0.3% to about 0.4% by weight, and even more preferably about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight of the solution.
  • the solubility agent may also include a solubility agent from a concentrated solution suitable to solubilized quaternary ammonium compound or maintain the quaternary ammonium compound in solvent at about 10% by weight is contemplated.
  • the solvent may generally comprise water and the antimicrobial treatment solutions described herein may further generally be aqueous solutions.
  • the solubility agent may comprise alcohols, which may include polyglycols such as polyethylene glycol.
  • a suitable alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a combination thereof. In various embodiments, any one of these types of alcohols may be used alone or in combination with one or more of the other types of alcohols to obtain the desired % by weight of the solubility agent.
  • the choice of the alcohol may depend upon the food product treated and may be selected to be compatible with treatment steps prior to or after the quaternary ammonium compound treatment with the food product.
  • the antimicrobial treatment solution may be formed from dilution of a concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be formulated to have an acidic pH value below about 6.5, about 6.0, or about 5.5 or otherwise suitable for dilution and acidification with an acidifying agent to form a antimicrobial treatment solution having a pH value preferably between 2.0 and 1.0, more preferable between 1.5 and 1.2, even more preferably between 1.5 and 1.3.
  • Suitable formulations of concentrated solutions of quaternary ammonium compound may include concentrations up to 1000-fold greater than those made in water alone.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises at least one solubility agent to provide a soluble concentrate for easy dilution to the final concentration for use in large scale industrial processing.
  • the solubility agent functions to maintain the solubility of the quaternary ammonium compound so that it does not precipitate out of solution.
  • the concentrated amount of quatemary ammonium compound may be in combination with at least one solubility agent or solvent that is suitable for use in methods of preventing the growth of a broad range of microorganisms on and in food products, as well as on surfaces that come in contact with food products in the home or in an industrial environment.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may comprise a concentrated amount of the antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound that utilizes GRAS (generally recognized as safe) components to form a true solution, not an emulsion, of the quaternary ammonium compound.
  • GRAS generally recognized as safe
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be formulated to have an acidic pH value below about 6.5, about 6.0, or about 5.5 or otherwise suitable for dilution and acidified by an acidifying agent to an acidic pH value preferably between 2.0 and 1.0, more preferable between 1.5 and 1.2, even more preferably between 1.5 and 1.3.
  • the formulations may contain solubility components which allow more concentrated compositions of quatemary ammonium compounds to be prepared.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be a concentrated quatemary ammonium compound solution as described in U.S. Patent 6,864,269, issued March 8, 2005, to Compadre et al.
  • Such concentrated antimicrobial solutions may be acidified or diluted and acidified to formulate antimicrobial solutions for treatment of food products as described above.
  • the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution is formed from a dilution of such concentrated antimicrobial solutions comprising the quatemary ammonium compound and the solubility agent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has been modified to have a pH value less than 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution for example may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • Acidification of the concentrated solution may be by the same or different acidifying agents used to further acidify the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution to a pH value preferably between 2.0 and 1.0, more preferable between 1.5 and 1.2, even more preferably between 1.5 and 1.3.
  • Solubility agents may include alcohols such as polygylcols including polyethylene glycol for example.
  • the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a combination thereof. Any one of these types of alcohols can be used alone or in combination with one or more of the other types of alcohols to obtain the desired % by weight of the solubility agent. If a monohydric alcohol is utilized, then this type of alcohol is preferably an aliphatic alcohol, and more preferably is ethyl alcohol. If a dihydric alcohol is utilized, then a glycol or a derivative thereof, is preferred.
  • propylene glycol is most preferred and is available from any number of suppliers.
  • Propylene glycol provides advantages over other alcohols, as a solubility agent of high concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds, such as cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • Trihydric alcohols such as glycerol or derivatives thereof, are also useful as a solubility agent in the present concentrated cetylpyridinium chloride solution.
  • the choice of the alcohol may depend upon the food product that is contacted and is selected to be compatible with treatment steps prior to or after the quaternary ammonium compound contact with the food product.
  • polyglycol is used as the solubility agent, for example, then polyethylene glycol may be preferred, and particularly the lower molecular weight species with an average molecular weight of less than or equal to 600, which are well known and possess properties similar to propylene glycol.
  • ethyl alcohol is used as the solubility agent, it may be present at a concentration up to about 49% by weight, for example. Ranges of ethyl alcohol about 0.5% weight to about 49% by weight, from about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight, from about 15% by weight to about 30% by weight, and within the range at about 20% may be used.
  • any compatible solubility agent may be used, however, ethyl alcohol or glycerin may be preferred.
  • the antimicrobial solution either concentrated or a dilute treatment solution, contains ethyl alcohol, glycerin or both.
  • the solution may contain about 100,000 ppm to about 300,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, about 0% to about 49% ethyl alcohol and about 0 to about 20% glycerin in water.
  • a preferred formulation may contain about 150,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, about 10% to about 40% ethyl alcohol and about 0.5 to about 10% glycerin in water.
  • the ethyl alcohol concentration may range from about 15% to about 30% and the glycerin concentration can range from about 0.5 to about 5%.
  • this formulation contains about 200,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, about 20% ethyl alcohol, and about 1% glycerin.
  • This formulation may be particularly useful as a concentrate to be added to the storage tanks for use in immersion treatment of food products with quaternary ammonium compound but may also be useful in a spraying method at a final concentration of about 5,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound.
  • the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution is formed from a dilution of the concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising the quaternary ammonium compound and the solubility agent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has a pH value less than 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution for example may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • Acidification of the concentrated solution may be by the same or different acidifying agents used to further acidify the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution to a pH value preferably between 2.0 and 1.0, more preferable between 1.5 and 1.2, even more preferably between 1.5 and 1.3.
  • the concentration of the solubility agent may vary depending on the % weight of the quaternary ammonium compound, which is to be dissolved in solution, as well as the particular intended use of the concentrated quaternary ammonium compound solution and dilutions thereof.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may comprise quaternary ammonium compound in solution at concentrations ranging from greater than about 10% or greater than about 15% by weight to about 60% by weight. Although a greater than about 60% by weight concentration of quaternary ammonium compound can be used in the concentrated quaternary ammonium compound solution, the upper limit that is useful is governed by the interaction between the % (or weight) of quaternary ammonium compound and the solubility agent(s) used to prepare the concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution may contain at least one solubility agent, such as an alcohol at a concentration of up to about 70% by weight.
  • solubility agent comprises an alcohol present at a concentration of up to about 60% by weight, and may range from about 10% by weight to about 60% by weight.
  • the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound in the concentrated antimicrobial solution may be about 40% by weight and at least one alcohol at a concentration of up to about 50% by weight, and preferably about 50% by weight.
  • the solubility agent may be a combination of alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol. But glycerol also is useful as the solubility agent, alone or in combination with other alcohols or polyglycols. Glycerol is useful for this purpose at a concentration of up to and including about 20% by weight, and also is useful at concentrations ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, and within this range at about 1%.
  • Glycerol is useful in methods where propylene glycol is not the alcohol of choice for solubilizing the quaternary ammonium compound.
  • a further useful concentrated quaternary ammonium compound solution comprises a quaternary ammonium compound at a concentration of about 20% by weight and at least one alcohol at a concentration of about 50% by weight, such as a combination of ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol, and preferably where each alcohol is present at about 25% by weight.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution also includes an acidifying agent and is formulated to have an acidic pH, as described above.
  • the acidic pH value such as less than about 6.5, less than about 6.0, or less than about 5.5 may be used to reduce the pH of an antimicrobial treatment solution formulated by dilution of the concentrated antimicrobial solution or the amount of a second acidifying agent needed to reach a desired acidic pH range, e.g., preferably about 2.0 and about 1.0, more preferable between about 1.5 and about 1.2, and even more preferably between about 1.5 and about 1.3, upon dilution prior to treatment of a food product.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises an acidic pH value formulated with a low pH version of propylene glycol.
  • the solubility agent may be selected from an alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may comprise an alkylpyridinium salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the acidifying agent is preferably a GRAS acid and is more preferably a dilute solution of citric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • the acidifying agent may be present in the concentrated antimicrobial solution in an amount sufficient to achieve an acidic pH value below 7.0, preferably below about 6.5, and more preferably between about 6.0 and about 5.5.
  • the solubility agent is preferably propylene glycol.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises about 40% quaternary ammonium compound, about 55% to about 60% propylene glycol, and up to about 5% water by weight.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is present at a concentration from greater than about 10% or greater than about 15% by weight to about 50% by weight, and more preferably at a concentration from greater than about 10% or about 15% by weight to about 40% by weight.
  • concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound in the range of greater than about 10% to about 30% by weight or between about 15% to about 25% by weight and within this range about 20% by weight is also useful in the present concentrate solution.
  • a concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises a quaternary ammonium compound with a concentration from greater than about 10% by weight and at least one solubility agent.
  • the solubility agent or a combination of these agents, and water if necessary, to make up the remaining weight of the solution is added to reach 100% by weight.
  • the solubility agent is any compatible solubility agent that solubilizes quaternary ammonium compounds at concentrations of greater than about 10% by weight is contemplated, but alcohols are the preferred solubility agent.
  • the solubility agent may be any water-miscible organic solvent that enhances the solubility of the quaternary ammonium compound in an aqueous solution so that it forms a solution at concentrations of greater than 10% by weight.
  • a 10% by weight solution is made by weighing 10 grams of quaternary ammonium compound and dissolving it in 90 grams of liquid that comprises at least one solubility agent and water, if water is necessary to bring the weight to 90 grams of liquid.
  • the concentrated quaternary ammonium compound solution may comprise quaternary ammonium compound in solution at concentrations of greater than about 10% by weight, and more preferably at concentrations of greater than about 15% by weight.
  • the concentrated antimicrobial solution comprises the quatemary ammonium compound in solution at a concentration of about 40% by weight and at least one alcohol at a concentration ranging from between about 50% by weight to about 60% by weight with water making up the remaining % weight.
  • the preferred alcohol in this solution may be propylene glycol.
  • the concentrated quatemary ammonium compound solution comprises a quaternary ammonium compound at a concentration of about 40% by weight and at least one alcohol at a concentration ranging between about 55% by weight to about 60% by weight and water present at about 5% by weight.
  • the more preferred concentrated quatemary ammonium compound solution comprises a quatemary ammonium compound at a concentration of about 40% by weight, an alcohol at a concentration of about 57% by weight and water present at about 3% by weight.
  • the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution is formed from a dilution of one of the above concentrated antimicrobial solutions comprising the quaternary ammonium compound and the solubility agent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has a pH value less than 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution for example may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • Acidification of the concentrated solution may be by the same or different acidifying agents used to further acidify the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution to a pH value preferably between about 2.0 and about 1.0, more preferable between about 1.5 and about 1.2, even more preferably between about 1.5 and about 1.3.
  • meat products such as poultry parts treated with an antimicrobial treatment solution of a quatemary ammonium compound such as cetylpyridinium chloride may result in different average levels of cetylpyridinium chloride residue for different types of parts.
  • a quatemary ammonium compound such as cetylpyridinium chloride
  • applying cetylpyridinium chloride of a given concentration to whole carcasses, breasts, thighs, and chicken tenders may result in lower average residues in poultry carcasses and breasts and in higher average residues in thighs and chicken tenders.
  • an acidifying agent in an amount sufficient to provide the solution with a low acidic pH value may beneficially lower average quaternary ammonium residue, such as cetylpyridinium chloride residue, on parts treated with the solution compared to treatment of the parts under the same conditions with the same solution but having a neutral pH value.
  • treatment with low acidic pH solution may maintain the desired efficacy of the antimicrobial treatment solution and provide the desired microbial reductions, but with relatively reduced residue compared to the same conditions and solution but having a neutral pH value.
  • antimicrobial treatment solutions of a quaternary ammonium compound such as cetylpyridinium chloride having a pH value within a range of from 1.2 to 2.0 may be used to significantly reduce the average residue on treated product without adversely affecting the organoleptic properties of the product.
  • antimicrobial treatment solutions of a quaternary ammonium compound such as cetylpyridinium chloride having a low acidic pH value within a range of from about 1.5 to 1.3 may be used to provide a preferred balance of reducing residue and providing antimicrobial performance without adversely affecting the organoleptic properties of the treated product.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is present in a concentration selected such that treatment of a food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 35 ppm following treatment comprising spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution for preferably between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds, more preferably between about 12 seconds and about 4 seconds, and even more preferably between about 10 seconds and about 5 seconds.
  • the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound may be selected such that treatment of the food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 31.5 ppm following treatment comprising spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution for preferably between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds, more preferably between about 12 seconds and about 4 seconds, and even more preferably between about 10 seconds and about 5 seconds.
  • the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound is selected such that treatment of the food product with the solution results in an average residue of the quaternary ammonium compound below about 7 ppm where the treatment comprises spraying the solution onto the food product or submerging the food product in the solution for preferably between about 15 seconds and about 3 seconds, more preferably between about 12 seconds and about 4 seconds, and even more preferably between about 10 seconds and about 5 seconds.
  • a treatment solution may be formulated to enhance contact, such as duration, quality, quantity of contact, of the quaternary ammonium compound with treated food products.
  • a treatment solution may be formulated for enhanced access within crevasses or to penetrate materials obstructing or obscuring microbial on a surface of a food product.
  • These or other formulations of the solution may include formulations designed to increase the contact time of a quaternary ammonium compound solution on food products during processing, particularly when delivered by a spraying method. Such a formulation may potentially allow a longer contact time of the quaternary ammonium compound with the food product without additional steps which would increase the processing time.
  • the treatment solution by virtue of its properties, may thus be formulated to provide potential increases the antimicrobial effectiveness of the process.
  • a concentrated treatment solution formulated for enhanced contact with a food product may preferably contain about 50 ppm to about 20,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, and at least one of a solubility agent selected from about 0 to about 10% ethyl alcohol, and about 0 to about 20% glycerin or both. More preferably this formulation may contain about 50 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, about 0 to about 10% ethyl alcohol, and about 1.0% to about 10% glycerin in water.
  • this formulation may contain about 500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, 0 to 10% ethyl alcohol, and about 1.0 to about 5% glycerin in water and more preferably about 1.0 to about 3% glycerin.
  • the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution may be formed from a dilution of the above concentrated antimicrobial solution comprising the quaternary ammonium compound and the solubility agent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has a pH value less than 7.0.
  • the pH value of the concentrated solution may be provided by an acidifying agent.
  • the pH value of the concentrated antimicrobial solution for example may be below about 6.5, below about 6.0, or below about 5.5.
  • the acidifying agent providing the acidific pH value of the concentrated solution may comprise the same or different acidifying agents than those that may be subsequently used in dilution or acidification of the dilute antimicrobial treatment solution to a pH value preferably between 2.0 and 1.0, more preferable between 1.5 and 1.2, even more preferably between 1.5 and 1.3.
  • the present disclosure also describes methods of formulating an aqueous antimicrobial treatment solution for treatment of a food product.
  • the method may comprise formulating any of the antimicrobial solutions described above, including formulation of the antimicrobial treatment solutions from aqueous dilution of concentrated solutions of quaternary ammonium compound, which may further include addition of an acidifying agent comprising one or more acids.
  • the solution may include the listed components at the identified percentages in an aqueous solution.
  • the components may be added within or to various intermediate aqueous solutions to combine the components. Water may be added to obtain the remaining weight of the solution.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of alkylpyridinium, tetra-alkylammonium and alkylalicyclic ammonium salts.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is an alkylpyridinium salt comprising cetylpyridinium chloride; however, other quaternary ammonium compounds may be used.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be present in or added in an amount preferably between about 0.2% and about 0.5% by weight, more preferably between about 0.3% and about 0.4% by weight, and even more preferably between about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight of the resulting solution.
  • the method may include adding the acidifying agent in an amount effective to provide the solution with a pH value preferably between about 2.0 and about 1.0, more preferably between about 1.5 and about 1.2, and even more preferably between about 1.5 and about 1.3.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is combined with a solvent prior to adjusting the pH with the selected acidifying agent to the selected pH value.
  • the acidifying agent is preferably one or more acids comprising generally recognized as safe (GRAS) acids.
  • the acidifying agent is at least one of citric acid and hydrochloric acid; however, other acids may be used.
  • the method of formulating the antimicrobial treatment solution comprises dilution of a concentrated antimicrobial solution of the quaternary ammonium compound and a solubility agent with an aqueous solvent and addition of the acidifying agent to obtain the desired pH value and quaternary ammonium compound concentration.
  • the solubility agent is selected from an alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is combined with a solvent prior to adjusting the pH with the selected acidifying agent to the selected pH value.
  • a method of formulating a concentrated antimicrobial solution of quaternary ammonium compound comprises combining a quaternary ammonium compound and a solubility agent in a solvent, wherein the concentrated antimicrobial solution has a pH value preferably below 7.0, more preferably below about 6.5, even more preferably below about 6.0, and most preferably below about 5.5.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound may be a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of alkylpyridinium, tetra-alkylammonium and alkylalicyclic ammonium salts.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound is an alkylpyridinium salt comprising cetylpyridinium chloride; however, other quaternary ammonium compounds may be used.
  • the cetylpyridinium chloride may be present or added in an amount about 40% by weight of the concentrated antimicrobial solution. In another embodiment, the cetylpyridinium chloride may be present or added in an amount about between about 10% and about 65%, between about 20% and 50%, or between about 35% and about 45% by weight of the concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • the method may further comprise adding a solubility agent.
  • the solubility agent may be selected from an alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
  • the solubility agent may preferably be propylene glycol. Propylene glycol may be present in or added in an amount to between about 55% and about 60% by weight of the concentrated antimicrobial solution.
  • the solvent may preferably be water.
  • a method of treating food products may comprise applying the antimicrobial treatment solution according to any of the above embodiments to a food product.
  • the food product may comprise, for example, poultry, beef, pork, lamb, venison, and other edible meat products, which may include seafood, fish and shellfish.
  • the food product comprises a poultry food product selected from poultry carcass, breast, tender, thigh, giblet, and wing.
  • the food product may also include fruits, vegetables, or dairy products.
  • Application of the antimicrobial treatment solutions to treat the food product may include covering a treatment surface of the food product with the antimicrobial treatment solution comprising the quaternary ammonium compound in solution.
  • the food product may treated by submerging, e.g., dipping, the food product in the antimicrobial treatment solution comprising the quaternary ammonium compound or the solution may be sprayed onto a surface to be treated with a saturating spray as are known in the art.
  • a dip system suitable for treatment of food products employing a treatment solution as described herein is described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • the method may include positioning or transmitting a food product within or through a treatment zone.
  • the length of the treatment zone or period of time the food product is within or transmitted through the treatment zone for application of the solution, e.g., in a dip, spray, or drench zone, may be designed so that a treated product will be present in the treatment zone for a wide range of desired times.
  • the treated product will be present in the treatment zone for a time that is preferably within a range of from about 15 seconds to about 3 seconds, more preferably in a range of from about 12 seconds to about 4 seconds, and more preferably within a range of from about 10 seconds to about 5 seconds.
  • Treatment solutions identified in TABLE 1 were prepared in containers capable of holding 2500 mL of solution with extra room for dipping and agitating samples.
  • the containers were initially weighed and labeled A (CitrilowTM pH 1.2), B (Propionic 1000 parts per million (ppm)), and C (Cecure®). About 2200 mL of tap water was then added to each container.
  • Container A was pH adjusted to 1.2 with a stock CitrilowTM solution (CitrilowTM is a blend of citric acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) sold by Safe Foods Corporation, North Little Rock, Arkansas). Propionic acid (99%) was added to container B to achieve a concentration of 1000 ppm (2.2 mL).
  • Cecure ® is an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound solution sold by Safe Foods Corporation, North Little Rock, Arkansas, that includes concentrated cetylpyridinium chloride, propylene glycol, and water.
  • the concentrated Cecure ® solution has neutral pH and includes approximately 40% cetylpyridinium chloride by weight. Containers with solutions were mixed, sealed, and refrigerated overnight.
  • Pretreatment and rinse solutions listed in TABLE 1 were prepared as follows: containers capable of holding 2500 mL of solution with extra room for dipping and agitating samples in the solution labeled D (CitrilowTM pH 1.2), E (Propionic 1000 ppm), F (Tween 20), and (Water). About 2200 mL of tap water was added to each container. Container D was pH adjusted to 1.2 using CitrilowTM solution. Propionic acid (99%) was added to container E to achieve a concentration of 1000 ppm (2.2 mL to 2200 mL water). Tween 20 (100%) was added to container F to achieve a concentration of 20%.
  • FIG. 1 provides an overview of the experimental treatment protocol 10.
  • Breast tenders where purchased from a local grocery store (control tests (not shown) confirmed no initial cetylpyridinium chloride residue). Uniform sized tenders were selected and/or cut 12. The selected tenders were grouped for treatment as listed in TABLE 1. Samples subjected to pretreatment 14 were placed in one of the pretreatment solutions water 14a, CitrilowTM 14b, or propionic acid 14c and were immediately removed following apretreatment duration of about 3 seconds.
  • Residue analysis was performed by high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for cetylpyridinium chloride residue analysis.
  • EtOH was added to target weight about 2 mL per gram of sample.
  • Samples were stomached for 1 minute.
  • Samples were then extracted for 30 minutes in the extraction fluid on a rotating platform. Extract samples were taken from the extraction fluid (approx. 10 mL aliquot) and allowed to sediment for 10 minutes to allow for gravity separation of large particles.
  • the extract samples were then run on HPLC for cetylpyridinium chloride residue analysis. Parts per million (ppm) of cetylpyridinium chloride in each treated part were calculated using HPLC results. A 30% extraction efficiency was added to the final ppm concentration.
  • CPC cetylpyridinium chloride
  • Sample treatment group 2 included quatemary ammonium treatment with propionic acid, which provided a solution having a greater pH than the treatment of group 1, and provided reduced residue compared to groups such as 8 and 9 that were not treated with acidic solutions.
  • Pretreatment with acid prior to treatment with quaternary ammonium showed reduced residue when low pH CitrilowTM (pH 1.2) (group 3) but not with the higher pH propionic acid.
  • Rinsing with the low pH CitrilowTM (pH 1.2) (group 5) or Tween 20 (group 6) showed reduced residue while rinsing with propionic acid (group 7) or water (group 8) did not.
  • Containers capable of holding 2500 mL of solution with extra room for dipping and agitating samples in treatment solution were weighed and labeled A (CitrilowTM pH 1.2), B (HC1 pH 1.2), and C (NaOH pH 9.0) as identified in TABLE 3.
  • Treatment solutions identified in TABLE 3 were prepared in the containers by addition of about 2200 mL of tap water. The solutions were pH adjusted to the identified pH with the identified pH agent as listed in TABLE 3.
  • CitrilowTM was taken from a stock CitrilowTM solution (citric acid /HC1). Containers and solution were weight adjusted to achieve a 2000 mL volume. 22 grams of Cecure ® solution was added to each container to target 0.4%.
  • Rinse solutions identified in TABLE 3 were prepared from tap water, Tween 20 (100%) diluted with tap water to 20%, and a stock 1.5 pH CitrilowTM solution, all held at room temperature.
  • FIG. 3 provides an overview of the experimental treatment protocol 30.
  • the samples were next rinsed with rinse solution 34 by placement in a rinse solution water 34a, Tween 20 34b, or CitrilowTM (pH 1.5) 34c, as identified in TABLE 3, for 6 seconds with agitation. The samples were then allowed to drain for 20 seconds. The rinsed samples were bagged individually and refrigerated overnight.
  • Residue analysis was performed by high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for cetylpyridinium chloride residue analysis.
  • EtOH was added to target weight about 2 mL per gram of sample.
  • Samples were then extracted for 30 minutes in the extraction fluid on a rotating platform. Extract samples were taken from the extraction fluid (approx. 10 mL aliquot) and allowed to sediment for 10 minutes to allow for gravity separation of large particles.
  • the extract samples were then run on HPLC for cetylpyridinium chloride residue analysis. Parts per million (ppm) of cetylpyridinium chloride in each treated part were calculated using HPLC results. A 30% extraction efficiency was added to the final ppm concentration.
  • FIG. 4 A summary of the residue data collected in this example is shown in FIG. 4. Bars represent average cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) residue of the 10 samples (identified along the x-axis) in each treatment subgroup of the 3 treatment groups. These data show that treatment with acidified quaternary ammonium compound solution at low pH reduces quaternary ammonium compound residues. Quaternary ammonium compound treatment with quatemary ammonium compound solution at alkaline pH, pH 11.1 -samples 61-90, does not appear to reduce quatemary ammonium compound residues to levels corresponding to the solution at acidic pH values, pH 1.19-samples 1-30 and pH 1.21-samples 31-60. The identity of the acidifying agents does not appear to have a significant effect on the reduction of quaternary ammonium compound residue.
  • CPC cetylpyridinium chloride
  • TABLE 4 Treatment solutions and conditions tested are identified in TABLE 4. Thigh samples were treated using a commercial part dip system. The system was initially filled with ice and water. For acidified treatments, CitrilowTM was then added to obtain a pH of 1.2. The pH was verified using a pH meter. Cecure ® was added to the concentration listed in TABLE 4 (verified by titration using Cecure ® titration kit, sold by Safe Foods Corporation, North Little Rock, Arkansas).
  • FIG. 5 provides an overview of the experimental treatment protocol 50 used in this example.
  • Treatments with CitrilowTM (pH of 1.2)/ Cecure ® (0.4%) agitation on 54a, CitrilowTM (pH of 1.2)/ Cecure ® (0.4%) agitation off 54b, Cecure ® neutral solution (0.4%), or agitation on 54c were performed by placing 50 parts onto the dip system belt and treating the parts for 3 seconds in the identified treatment solution with flow system pumps were turned on. The commercial belt system was operated at the application parameters.
  • the parts were caught in a wire rack cart, placed into a large water rinse bucket, and rinsed for 6 seconds with agitation 56.
  • the application system was drained and refilled for each treatment solution.
  • the parts were then removed from the rinse water and placed on the wire rack and allowed to drain for 5 minutes 58.
  • the parts used for the control samples were not treated 54d. All parts were then individually bagged in labeled sterile sample bags and refrigerated overnight 60, 62.
  • a summary of the APC microbial data obtained in this example is shown in FIG. 6. Bars represent average counts (colony forming unites per mL) of the 25 samples tested in each treatment group with the exception of the control, which represents average counts from the 23 samples tested in the control treatment group. These data show that increased concentration of quaternary ammonium compound (cf. samples 76-100 and samples 126-147) does not increase efficacy of the treatments and acidity of the treatment solution does not impair efficacy of the treatments.
  • any references to “various embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment” generally means that a particular element, feature and/or aspect described in the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment.
  • the phrases “in various embodiments,” “in certain embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” “in one embodiment,” or “in an embodiment” may not refer to the same embodiment.”
  • the phrases “in one such embodiment”, “in a further embodiment”, or “in certain such embodiments,” while generally referring to and elaborating upon a preceding embodiment is not intended to suggest that the elements, features, and aspects of the embodiment introduced by the phrase are limited to the preceding embodiment; rather, the phrase is provided to assist the reader in understanding the various elements, features, and aspects disclosed herein and it is to be understood that those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that such elements, features, and aspects presented in the introduced embodiment may be applied in combination with other various combinations and sub-combinations of the elements, features, and aspects presented in the disclosed embodiments.
  • the present disclosure is not intended to

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, divers produits alimentaires peuvent être traités avec une solution antimicrobienne aqueuse qui comprend un composé d'ammonium quaternaire et un agent acidifiant. Le traitement peut consister à pulvériser le produit alimentaire avec la solution ou à le submerger dans celle-ci. L'agent acidifiant peut être présent dans la solution en quantités efficaces pour conférer à la solution une valeur de pH acide désirée. Certaines solutions peuvent comprendre un agent acidifiant qui comprend un acide généralement reconnu inoffensif (GRAS). Certaines solutions peuvent contenir des composants supplémentaires, tels qu'un agent de solubilité.
PCT/US2016/018392 2015-02-24 2016-02-18 Solutions de traitement antimicrobien WO2016137805A1 (fr)

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WO2020041122A1 (fr) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-27 Basf Se Composition antimicrobienne

Citations (3)

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US20090192231A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Taylor Fresh Foods, Inc. Antimicrobial Compositions And Methods Of Use Thereof
US20090192165A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2009-07-30 Burwell Steve R Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US20110054026A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2011-03-03 Michael Patrick Doyle Antimicrobial composition and use

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090192165A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2009-07-30 Burwell Steve R Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US20090192231A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Taylor Fresh Foods, Inc. Antimicrobial Compositions And Methods Of Use Thereof
US20110054026A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2011-03-03 Michael Patrick Doyle Antimicrobial composition and use

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020041122A1 (fr) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-27 Basf Se Composition antimicrobienne

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