WO2016135688A1 - Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'intégrité structurelle basés sur un réseau de capteurs sans fil - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'intégrité structurelle basés sur un réseau de capteurs sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016135688A1
WO2016135688A1 PCT/IB2016/051065 IB2016051065W WO2016135688A1 WO 2016135688 A1 WO2016135688 A1 WO 2016135688A1 IB 2016051065 W IB2016051065 W IB 2016051065W WO 2016135688 A1 WO2016135688 A1 WO 2016135688A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensors
monitored
data
structural
infrastructure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2016/051065
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English (en)
Inventor
Paolo GAUDENZI
Luca LAMPANI
Fabio CAPECE
Sofiane ATEK
Original Assignee
Smart Structures Solutions S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smart Structures Solutions S.R.L. filed Critical Smart Structures Solutions S.R.L.
Publication of WO2016135688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016135688A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to systems for remote monitoring of the integrity of infrastructures distributed over the territory and more precisely a monitoring system that integrates technologies for monitoring structural integrity, obtained through a network of sensors of various types applied to the individual infrastructure, with wireless network- transmission technologies.
  • the invention proposed has the purpose of supplying a series of data and reports regarding the state of structural integrity of an infrastructure to the user who is responsible therefor.
  • the main added value of this solution is that of providing the user with data of primary importance for assessing the structural state of the infrastructure without the need for an in-depth and costly inspection of the site.
  • the first disadvantage of this sort of methodologies of inspection lies in the fact that, precisely on account of their nature of "distributed assets", the infrastructures to be inspected are, to a large extent, installed in places that are isolated and not easy to access: it will suffice to consider masts for television broadcasting, which, in order to broadcast the signal over areas that are as wide as possible, are situated on mountain tops or hill tops far from built-up areas.
  • the second disadvantage is due to the fact that this type of inspection campaign makes it possible to assess the conditions of the asset only after the inspections have been carried out. It is hence not possible for the owner/manager of the infrastructures to have information regarding the structural conditions between two successive inspections. This problem becomes all the more marked, the longer the time interval between two successive inspections.
  • the present invention is also able to establish directly or indirectly the presence of ice or snow on the structure, through detection of the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the air, via sensors present in situ and preferably through a connection with an external weather-forecasting service. It should be noted, in fact, that the presence of ice and snow adds temporary weight on the structure that it being monitored, and this entails modification of the vibrational "signature" of the structure itself.
  • this modification would be detected as a damage alarm since an increase in the weight of a structure, at the vibrational level, has the same effect as a reduction in its stiffness (i.e., in the presence of damage): there is a reduction in the value of the natural vibrational frequencies of the structure.
  • the present invention is able to exclude these situations of false positives.
  • a satellite georeferencing system e.g., GPS, which is usually installed in the top part of the structure to have a better reception of the satellite signal
  • the presence of wind may cause the structure to shift and generate a false positive in an alarm.
  • wind constitutes a meteorological event that is difficult to foresee and hence may be difficult to be self-learned by a system like the one described in WO 2009/063523.
  • the information regarding the intensity and direction of the wind can be compared with the displacement detected by the geolocator, thus excluding a damage event or else, on the contrary, predicting an imminent collapse of the structure in the case of excessive intensity.
  • this system should be able to acquire data in a completely autonomous way and that the data acquired locally on the individual infrastructure be transferred to a processing centre after they have been received, collected, and processed in a centre for management of the data of the individual infrastructure.
  • the configuration of the sensor network, for each infrastructure monitored consists of:
  • B a main node, which is the central element of the network.
  • the main node collects the data transmitted by the other sensor nodes and operates as bridge for communication and control between them and the remote station.
  • Each main node is constituted by one or more of the following components:
  • a transceiver system comprising:
  • a microprocessor card comprising:
  • microprocessor unit with operating system and software with data-processing algorithm
  • a power-supply system comprising:
  • the sensor network has the following functions/features:
  • the sensors installed on the structure are governed by microprocessor electronic control devices.
  • controller/computer card data buses, wired/wireless interfaces, digital-to-analog converters, nonvolatile external-storage devices, interface with telecommunication terminal.
  • the software part is made up of a firmware, an operating system, a control-and-planning software, and a data-management software.
  • These devices are electronic systems with ultra-low-power technology. They have available an autonomous power-supply system, with stand-by batteries and an energy-harvesting system, through the use of solar panels or other devices for generating electrical energy, for recharging them, so that the network of sensor nodes will be able to acquire the data in a completely autonomous way.
  • the data-processing station is modular in such a way as to be able to manage multiple infrastructures. It consists of a hardware and software system and is provided with appropriate standard interfaces that enable integration with other technological systems.
  • the data acquired by the nodes are transmitted via wireless connection (using, for example, the 2.4-GHz standard) to the central node.
  • This node has the task of carrying out a preliminary processing and filtering of the data.
  • the information is transferred to the remote station in which a processing system is present (installed, for example, at the user's control centre), which has the task of:
  • Figure 1 shows a structural node, self-supplied with a solar panel
  • Figure 2 shows a piezoelectric sensor installed on the structure of a mast by being glued thereon;
  • Figure 3 shows the data acquired by a structural node and transferred to the processing centre
  • Figure 4 shows processing of the time-history with a Fast Fourier Transform to obtain the first vibration frequencies of the structure
  • Figure 5 shows the flowchart for generation of an alert for the user
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of a structural node with the various specific sensors
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of the main node with the various components
  • Figure 8 is a diagram provided by way of example of the complete system, which represents two masts, located on each of which are a number of structural nodes, each structural node of a mast being directly connected to a main node positioned on the mast itself or in a housing in the proximity thereof, each main node being autonomously connected to the central monitoring station; and
  • Figure 9 shows the block diagram of the microcontroller card of a structural node.
  • the monitoring device forming the subject of the invention comprises at least two apparatuses, one of which is mainly designed for detection of the structural datum and is referred to as “structural node” ( Figure 1 ) and the other is designed for reception of said datum from the structural node, for its processing, and retransmission to the user according to an appropriate protocol.
  • This node is referred to as “main node” ( Figure 7).
  • structural datum is meant a series of information useful for definition of the state of a structure, such as: measurements of deformation, acceleration, displacement, meteorological measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity of the surrounding air, speed and direction of the wind.
  • the structural nodes may be multiple and may be located, as emerges from Figure 8, in different points on the structure in question 10. They communicate in radio mode with the main node NP that collects the data received.
  • Each structural node NS is constituted by one or more of the following components:
  • a plurality of sensors such as:
  • one or more accelerometers SAC designed for supplying a local measurement of the acceleration
  • one or more satellite position detectors GPS designed for supplying a local measurement of the position and hence of the displacement
  • one or more chemical sensors for example, for detecting corrosion
  • a transceiver system comprising:
  • a power-supply system comprising:
  • a box 14 (as may be seen in Figure 1 ) for protecting the electronics, made of metal for shielding from electromagnetic waves and from atmospheric agents.
  • All the sensors are appropriately connected to the microcontroller card of the structural node NS through shielded cables 16.
  • the microcontroller card comprises: o a system of voltage dividers PT for rendering uniform the voltage of the analog electrical input signals coming from the sensors;
  • a unit GA for managing the state of hibernation/state of activity to reduce to a minimum electric power consumption said unit being made up of oscillator/clock-generator circuits CO, an oscillator OW, and a watchdog timer TW;
  • the structure 10 to be monitored In its service life, the structure 10 to be monitored, under the action of external loads, for example wind, and/or internal loads, for example due to motors, vibrates according to natural frequencies. These vibrations of the structure are detected by the piezoelectric sensors, fixed via gluing to the structure itself ( Figure 2), and/or by accelerometers through a transduction of mechanical energy into electrical voltage signals. These signals, if they are of an analog type, are scaled by an appropriate system of voltage dividers and sent to an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the microcontroller MCU manages the digital signals, sending them to a nonvolatile memory M and transmitting them, at pre-set time intervals or upon request, to the main node NP via the radio transceiver unit TX/RX.
  • each main node NP is constituted by one or more of the following components:
  • a transceiver system comprising:
  • a microprocessor card comprising:
  • ⁇ a power-supply system comprising:
  • the main node NP receives, through its radio transceiver unit, and gathers all the data supplied by the structural nodes NS, stores them in a nonvolatile memory MP, and re-transmits them at pre-set time intervals or upon request to a user terminal located in the proximity of the structure or remotely, said user terminal being referred to as "remote station SC" ( Figure 8).
  • the latter transmission may be carried out with various modalities: Ethernet, satellite transmission, GPRS transmission, radio transmission.
  • the remote station SC is a data-processing system that has the task of:
  • Illustrated in Figure 3 is an example of data acquired by a structural node NS and transferred to the main node NP for a first processing and filtering of the data.
  • the data-processing software uses a Fast Fourier Transform for converting the piezoelectric and/or accelerometric signal from the time domain to the frequency domain ( Figure 4).
  • the conversion is used for detecting the vibrational-frequency resonance peaks of the signal. These resonance frequencies represent the structural signature of the structure that is being monitored.
  • the environmental data detected by the specific sensors have the purpose of purging the structural datum from possible effects due to the environment, such as increase in weight and stiffness due to snow or ice, deformations due to variations in temperature, displacements due to wind intensity.
  • the datum on the direction and intensity of the wind enables the operator to monitor the loads of the wind on the structure and evaluate the correlations between these loads and the response of the structure itself: an excessive response to a given wind load can trigger an alarm.
  • the satellite position datum serves to indicate a possible disruption of the territory, such as for example a phenomenon of landslide or subsidence that could jeopardise stability of the structure.
  • a structural node NS that substantially comprises four types of sensors:
  • a structural sensor of a piezoelectric type designed to supply a dynamic-deformation signal
  • a set of environmental sensors designed for measuring the temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity of the surrounding air.
  • the signals at output from the aforesaid sensors are transmitted via wireless connection to the central node, where a first processing and filtering thereof is carried out.
  • a signal of displacement of the modal frequencies of the structure with respect to the nominal frequencies in the absence of a signal indicating the presence of ice or snow activates a damage-alarm signal.
  • the maximum value of deformation extrapolated from the dynamic- deformation signal coming from the piezoelectric sensor is compared with the previously established threshold value of the maximum deformation caused by the wind: if the difference is found to fall outside the range of tolerance, a damage alarm is activated.
  • the wind speed detected by the anemometer is compared with a threshold value: if this speed exceeds the acceptable threshold value a damage alarm is activated.
  • signals are created alerting exceeding of thresholds of all the parameters measured and the positive or negative variation of the fundamental vibrational frequency within certain percentage values.
  • the first is inherent in the inspections that it is necessary to carry out on the infrastructures, which at the moment are in general costly, problematical, and not frequent, thus giving rise to information that is only temporally defined.
  • the invention enables continuous monitoring in remote conditions, reducing the cost of ordinary maintenance, which would become on-condition on the basis of detection of damage.
  • the second advantage is that the invention makes it possible to determine the effects that could occur, to the infrastructure, in the presence of extraordinary events, whether natural or not, known or not (for example, atmospheric events, geological events, landslides, flooding, wilful damage).
  • the third advantage is that the invention also exploits piezoelectric sensors, which supply a direct local measurement of the deformation of the structure and an indirect measurement of the state of stress unlike traditional accelerometric sensors, which supply only a local measurement of the acceleration. This leads in many cases, in particular for structures of great height, such as towers for television transmissions or pylons of high- tension power lines, to major advantages in terms of ease of installation.
  • piezoelectric vibration sensors piezoelectric chips
  • accelerometers since they measure the maximum accelerations, must be located in the positions of maximum acceleration, typically for the structures referred to above, at their tops, with evident difficulties of installation.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de surveillance à distance de l'intégrité d'infrastructures obtenue par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de capteurs de divers types appliqués à chaque infrastructure surveillée, ladite pluralité de capteurs étant divisée en ensembles de capteurs nécessaires et suffisants pour fournir les données utiles pour la définition de l'état de la structure surveillée ; chaque capteur d'un ensemble est connecté de manière autonome à un nœud structurel, appliqué à l'infrastructure surveillée, ayant la tâche d'acquérir et de collecter : la réponse vibratoire à des stimuli externes de l'infrastructure qui est surveillée ; les données concernant les paramètres environnementaux du site d'intérêt qui peuvent influencer le comportement structurel, tels que la température atmosphérique, la pression barométrique, l'humidité, la vitesse et la direction du vent ; et éventuellement d'autres données de surveillance, par exemple pour une surveillance chimique de la corrosion ; et lesdits un ou plusieurs nœuds de structure, appliqués à l'infrastructure surveillée, sont connectés de manière autonome par l'intermédiaire d'une connexion sans fil à un nœud principal qui constitue l'élément central du réseau de chaque infrastructure individuelle surveillée, qui est responsable de la collecte de données transmises par tous les nœuds structuraux présente et qui est destiné à fonctionner comme pont pour la communication et la commande entre les nœuds structuraux surveillés et une station distante.
PCT/IB2016/051065 2015-02-26 2016-02-26 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'intégrité structurelle basés sur un réseau de capteurs sans fil WO2016135688A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ITRM20150090 2015-02-26
ITRM2015A000090 2015-02-26

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110325833A (zh) * 2017-02-06 2019-10-11 丰山Fns株式会社 用于精确测量结构的系统及其方法
CN110704911A (zh) * 2019-09-19 2020-01-17 济南城建集团有限公司 一种基于集群结构相似性的桥梁损伤交叉定位方法
CN110873631A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-10 柳州飞熊网络科技有限公司 一种智慧城市桥梁数字化管养云平台系统
CN112863119A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 中铁建设集团基础设施建设有限公司 一种工程施工安全风险预警系统及方法
IT202100001328A1 (it) * 2021-01-27 2022-07-27 Vincenzo Stornelli Sistema elettronino di nodi sincroni per il monitoraggio delle condizioni di benessere e strutturale di edifici

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WO2002006764A1 (fr) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Kelly Robert G Instrument encastrable de surveillance de la corrosion pour structures renforcees avec de l'acier
US20020055820A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-05-09 Scannell Joseph P. Monitoring system and process for structural instabilities due to environmental processes
US20050131652A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-06-16 Corwin Wallace D. Remote monitoring system
WO2009063523A2 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Filippo Bastianini Dispositif pour surveiller l'état de santé de structures

Patent Citations (4)

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US20020055820A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-05-09 Scannell Joseph P. Monitoring system and process for structural instabilities due to environmental processes
WO2002006764A1 (fr) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Kelly Robert G Instrument encastrable de surveillance de la corrosion pour structures renforcees avec de l'acier
US20050131652A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-06-16 Corwin Wallace D. Remote monitoring system
WO2009063523A2 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Filippo Bastianini Dispositif pour surveiller l'état de santé de structures

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110325833A (zh) * 2017-02-06 2019-10-11 丰山Fns株式会社 用于精确测量结构的系统及其方法
EP3524954A4 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2019-10-30 Poongsan FNS Co., Ltd. Système de mesure de précision de structure et procédé associé
CN110325833B (zh) * 2017-02-06 2021-06-25 丰山Fns株式会社 用于精确测量结构的系统及其方法
CN110873631A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-10 柳州飞熊网络科技有限公司 一种智慧城市桥梁数字化管养云平台系统
CN110704911A (zh) * 2019-09-19 2020-01-17 济南城建集团有限公司 一种基于集群结构相似性的桥梁损伤交叉定位方法
CN110704911B (zh) * 2019-09-19 2020-05-29 济南城建集团有限公司 一种基于集群结构相似性的桥梁损伤交叉定位方法
CN112863119A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 中铁建设集团基础设施建设有限公司 一种工程施工安全风险预警系统及方法
IT202100001328A1 (it) * 2021-01-27 2022-07-27 Vincenzo Stornelli Sistema elettronino di nodi sincroni per il monitoraggio delle condizioni di benessere e strutturale di edifici

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