WO2016132931A1 - Area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device and method - Google Patents
Area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Provided are area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device and method capable of highly frequently estimating a photovoltaic output without requiring to stop a photovoltaic device on the demand side. The device is provided with: a short period PQ measurement information acquiring function for acquiring active power and reactive power at an information input point in a short period; a long period area unit photovoltaic output estimation function for obtaining, in a long period, the amounts of active and reactive powers generated by the photovoltaic generation in an electrical downstream side region at an information input point of a transmission and distribution system from the amount of insolation in an area where the electrical downstream side region is arranged; a photovoltaic generation stop time output calculation function for calculating active power and reactive power in a photovoltaic generation stop time from the amounts of multiple active and reactive powers generated by the photovoltaic generation, which are obtained by the long period area unit photovoltaic output estimation function, and the active and reactive powers obtained by the short period PQ measurement information acquiring function; and a short period area unit photovoltaic output estimation function for deriving load characteristics representing the relationship between the active and reactive powers obtained by the photovoltaic generation stop time output calculation function and estimating the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic generation from the active and reactive powers obtained by the short period PQ measurement information acquiring function.
Description
本発明は、太陽光発電装置による発電量を推定することに係り、特にエリア単位で太陽光発電の発電量を推定する装置および方法に関する。
The present invention relates to estimating the amount of power generated by a solar power generation device, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for estimating the amount of power generated by solar power generation in units of areas.
近年、地球環境保護を目的に電力系統への太陽光発電の連系量が増加している。一方で、太陽光発電は雲の影響で発電量が急激に変化するリスクがある。このため電力会社には、電力の安定供給のために、太陽光発電出力を数秒間隔などで高頻度かつ正確に知りたいとうニーズがある。
In recent years, the amount of photovoltaic power generation connected to the power system has been increasing for the purpose of protecting the global environment. On the other hand, solar power generation has a risk that the amount of power generation changes suddenly under the influence of clouds. For this reason, there is a need for electric power companies to know the solar power generation output with high frequency and accuracy at intervals of several seconds for the stable supply of electric power.
太陽光発電出力推定の従来技術のひとつに、非特許文献１に記す技術がある。非特許文献１には、力率法による太陽光発電出力推定方式が紹介されている。力率法の概要を以下に記す。
There is a technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 as one of the conventional techniques for estimating the photovoltaic power generation output. Non-Patent Document 1 introduces a photovoltaic power generation output estimation method based on the power factor method. The power factor method is outlined below.
力率法ではまず、横軸が有効電力Ｐ、縦軸が無効電力Ｑの座標平面において、分散電源である太陽光発電が停止中に変電所のバンク単位等で計測した有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑに応じて複数のプロットを打ち、これら複数のプロットに基づき、例えば線形近似処理することにより当該電力系統の負荷特性を予め特定しておく。次に、変電所のバンク単位等で計測するリアルタイムの有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑ（例えば１０秒間隔で計測）に応じて先の有効電力Ｐと無効電力Ｑの座標面上にプロットを打つ。
In the power factor method, first, the active power P and reactive power measured in units of substation banks while photovoltaic power generation, which is a distributed power source, is stopped on the coordinate plane with the active power P on the horizontal axis and the reactive power Q on the vertical axis. A plurality of plots are printed according to Q, and load characteristics of the power system are specified in advance by, for example, linear approximation processing based on the plurality of plots. Next, plots are plotted on the coordinate plane of the previous active power P and reactive power Q in accordance with real-time active power P and reactive power Q (measured at intervals of 10 seconds, for example) measured in bank units of the substation.
仮に太陽光発電が力率１で動作しているとすると、太陽光発電は有効電力Ｐだけを出力する。このため、無効電力がＱ１の場合に当該電力系統のあらかじめ特定した前記の負荷特性から求まる有効電力をＰ０、リアルタイムの有効電力Ｐの計測値をＰ１とすると、太陽光発電出力は、負荷特性から求まる有効電力Ｐ０とリアルタイムの有効電力Ｐの差として求めることができる。
If solar power generation is operating at a power factor of 1, the solar power generation outputs only active power P. Therefore, when the reactive power is Q1, if the active power obtained from the load characteristics specified in advance of the power system is P 0 and the measured value of the real-time active power P is P 1 , the photovoltaic power output is the load It can be obtained as the difference between the active power P 0 obtained from the characteristics and the real-time active power P.
力率法のメリットは、変電所のバンク単位等で有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑを計測するたびに、その時点における太陽光発電出力を計算可能であるため、高頻度に太陽光発電出力を推定することができるという点である。
The merit of the power factor method is that every time the active power P or reactive power Q is measured in the bank unit of the substation, the solar power output at that time can be calculated, so the solar power output is estimated frequently. Is that you can.
次に、太陽光発電出力推定の他の既存技術として、特許文献１がある。特許文献１には、「太陽光発電状況予測装置１０は、予め区分けされた地域の識別情報と、当該地域の太陽光発電の設備に関する設備情報とを対応付けて記憶する発電能力ＤＢ３１を備え、所定時間ごとに、予め区分けされた地域における日射量データを受信し、気象観測した気象データを送信する気象サーバ１０３から気象データを受信し、受信した日射量データと、受信した気象データとにより、予め区分けされた地域ごとの一定時間の日射量を推定し、推定した日射量によって、発電能力ＤＢ３１に基づいて、予め区分けされた地域ごとの太陽光発電の発電量を算定し、算定した太陽光発電の発電量を、電力系統を監視する監視システム１０８に送信する。」と記載されている。
Next, Patent Document 1 is another existing technology for estimating the photovoltaic power generation output. In Patent Literature 1, “the photovoltaic power generation situation prediction device 10 includes a power generation capacity DB 31 that stores the identification information of an area that has been divided in advance and facility information related to solar power generation facilities in the area in association with each other, At predetermined time intervals, the solar radiation data in a pre-divided area is received, meteorological data is received from the weather server 103 that transmits meteorological data, and the received solar radiation data and the received weather data are used. Estimate the amount of solar radiation for a certain period of time for each pre-divided area, and calculate the amount of solar power generation for each pre-classified area based on the estimated power generation DB 31 based on the estimated amount of solar radiation. The amount of power generated is transmitted to the monitoring system 108 that monitors the power system. "
非特許文献１に記載の方式において太陽光発電出力を正確に計算するには、電力系統の負荷特性を正確に生成する必要がある。しかし、そのためには需要サイドの全ての太陽光発電装置を停止させる必要があるという課題がある。
In order to accurately calculate the photovoltaic power generation output in the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, it is necessary to accurately generate the load characteristics of the power system. However, for that purpose, there is a problem that it is necessary to stop all the photovoltaic power generation apparatuses on the demand side.
一方、特許文献１に記載の方式は、気象衛星画像情報が長周期（たとえば３０分間隔）でしか取得できないため、数秒間隔といった短周期で太陽光発電出力を推定できないとう課題がある。
On the other hand, the method described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the solar power generation output cannot be estimated in a short period such as several seconds because weather satellite image information can be acquired only in a long period (for example, every 30 minutes).
非特許文献１に記載の力率法で太陽光発電出力を正確に計算するには，需要サイドの全ての太陽光発電装置を停止させる必要があるという課題がある。
In order to accurately calculate the photovoltaic power output by the power factor method described in Non-Patent Document 1, there is a problem that it is necessary to stop all the photovoltaic power generation devices on the demand side.
また，変電所バンクの負荷特性は，太陽光発電装置が設置されているバンク単位で異なるし，またそこの需要家数の増減によっても変化するため，バンク単位の負荷特性をきめ細かくかつ正確に把握することが困難であるという課題もある。
In addition, the load characteristics of substation banks differ depending on the bank in which the photovoltaic power generation equipment is installed, and also change depending on the number of consumers there. Therefore, the load characteristics of each bank can be accurately and accurately grasped. There is also a problem that it is difficult to do.
さらに，特許文献１には，気象衛星画像情報により太陽光発電出力を推定する方式が記載されているが，この特許文献１に記載の方式は，長周期（例えば30分間隔）でしか推定できないという課題がある。
Furthermore, Patent Document 1 describes a method for estimating solar power generation output based on weather satellite image information. However, the method described in Patent Document 1 can be estimated only at a long period (for example, every 30 minutes). There is a problem.
以上のことから本発明においては、需要サイドの太陽光発電装置を止める必要がなく、高頻度に太陽光発電出力を推定することができるエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置および方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
From the above, in the present invention, it is not necessary to stop the demand-side photovoltaic power generation apparatus, and to provide an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimating apparatus and method capable of estimating the photovoltaic power generation output with high frequency. It is intended.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明においては、有効電力と無効電力を得ることができる送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電の発電量を推定するためのエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であって、情報入力点における有効電力と無効電力を短周期で取得する短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能と、送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を、下流側領域における日射量から長周期に求める長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能と、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能が得た太陽光発電による複数の有効電力と無効電力の発電量と短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能が得た有効電力と無効電力から、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力を算出する太陽光発電停止時出力算出機能と、太陽光発電停止時出力算出機能による有効電力と無効電力の関係を示す負荷特性を導き、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能で得た有効電力と無効電力とから、太陽光発電の発電量を推定する短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能を備える。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, an area unit for estimating the amount of photovoltaic power generation in the electrical downstream region of the information input point of the transmission and distribution system capable of obtaining active power and reactive power A solar power generation amount estimation device, which is a short-period PQ measurement information acquisition function for acquiring active power and reactive power at an information input point in a short cycle, and a solar in an electrical downstream region of the information input point of a power transmission and distribution system Solar obtained by long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function and long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function to obtain the amount of active power and reactive power generated by photovoltaic power generation in the long period from the amount of solar radiation in the downstream area Calculate the active power and reactive power when solar power is stopped from the active power and reactive power generated by the multiple power and reactive power generated by photovoltaic power generation and the short-period PQ measurement information acquisition function. Deriving load characteristics indicating the relationship between active power and reactive power by the solar power generation stop output calculation function and the solar power generation stop output calculation function, and the active power and reactive power obtained by the short period PQ measurement information acquisition function To a short cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function for estimating the power generation amount of photovoltaic power generation.
また本発明においては、有効電力と無効電力を得ることができる送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電の発電量を推定するためのエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法であって、情報入力点における有効電力と無効電力を短周期で取得し、送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を、下流側領域日射量から長周期で取得し、長周期で取得した太陽光発電による複数の有効電力と無効電力の発電量と短周期で取得した有効電力と無効電力から、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力を算出し、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力の関係を示す負荷特性を導き、短周期で取得した有効電力と無効電力とから、太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を推定する。
Also, in the present invention, an area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method for estimating the amount of photovoltaic power generation in an electrical downstream region of an information input point of a transmission / distribution system capable of obtaining active power and reactive power The active power and reactive power at the information input point are acquired in a short cycle, and the amount of active power and reactive power generated by solar power generation in the electrical downstream area of the information input point of the transmission and distribution system is calculated on the downstream side. Active power at the time of photovoltaic power generation stoppage is obtained from the amount of active power and reactive power generated by solar power generation acquired in a long cycle from the amount of solar radiation in the region, and from active power and reactive power acquired in a short cycle. The reactive power is calculated, the load characteristics indicating the relationship between the active power and the reactive power when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped are derived, and the active power from the photovoltaic power generation is calculated from the active power and reactive power acquired in a short cycle. To estimate the power generation amount of reactive power.
本発明によれば、需要サイドの太陽光発電を止める必要がないというメリットがある。さらに、高頻度に太陽光発電出力を推定できるというメリットがある。
According to the present invention, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to stop the photovoltaic power generation on the demand side. Furthermore, there is a merit that the photovoltaic power generation output can be estimated with high frequency.
以下、本発明の実施例について図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
上記課題の明確化により、本発明者らはこの解決に向けて，バンク毎に負荷特性を求めると共に，この負荷特性とバンク単位で取得可能な短周期の有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報から，気象衛星画像情報により長周期でしか推定できない太陽光発電量を短周期でかつバンク単位毎に推定する仕組みを開発し，本発明に至ったものである。
By clarifying the above problems, the present inventors obtain load characteristics for each bank and solve this problem from the load characteristics and information on short-period active power P and reactive power Q that can be acquired in units of banks. The present inventors have developed a mechanism for estimating the amount of photovoltaic power generation that can be estimated only in a long cycle from meteorological satellite image information in a short cycle and for each bank unit.
また当初はバンク単位での検討から開始したが、その後必ずしもバンク単位である必要はなく、要は送配電系統の有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報を得ることが可能な位置であれば任意点でよいという結論に至り、エリア単位という概念を有するに至った。この場合のエリア単位とは、当該情報入手点よりも電気的に下流にある領域全体が監視対象になるという意味である。
Initially, the study started on a bank basis, but it does not necessarily have to be on a bank basis after that, so long as it is a position where information on the active power P and reactive power Q of the transmission and distribution system can be obtained, any point It came to the conclusion that it was OK, and came to have the concept of area units. The area unit in this case means that the entire area that is electrically downstream from the information acquisition point is to be monitored.
このように上記記載のバンク単位での太陽光発電出力の推定方式は，バンク単位に限らず配電線単位または送電線単位毎に有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報を得ることにより，配電線単位または送電線単位での太陽光発電出力の推定も可能である。
As described above, the method of estimating the photovoltaic power generation output in units of banks described above is not limited to units of banks, and information on active power P and reactive power Q is obtained for each distribution line unit or transmission line unit. Alternatively, it is possible to estimate the photovoltaic power generation output for each transmission line.
つまり、本発明において着目するエリア単位とは、狭い領域を想定した場合には、1つのフィーダ(配電線)に接続された領域であり、フィーダ遮断器の近辺を情報入力点として電圧・電流から有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報を得る。またより広範囲の領域を想定した場合には、変電所内の母線に接続された複数のフィーダ(配電線)に接続された領域であり、母線近辺を情報入力点として電圧・電流から有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報を得る。この形式では母線の上流側には変圧器が設置されることが多いので、このケースがバンク単位というに最も近いものといえる。
In other words, the area unit of interest in the present invention is an area connected to one feeder (distribution line) when a narrow area is assumed, and from the voltage / current using the vicinity of the feeder circuit breaker as an information input point. Information on active power P and reactive power Q is obtained. When a wider area is assumed, it is an area connected to a plurality of feeders (distribution lines) connected to the bus in the substation. Reactive power Q information is obtained. In this format, a transformer is often installed upstream of the bus, so this case is the closest to a bank unit.
より広範囲のエリア単位とするケースでは、配電変電所の受電入口における電圧・電流から有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報を得、受電変電所に接続された負荷側の領域を監視対象とすることができる。さらにはより高圧側の送電系統に着目したときに、上記配電変電所と同じ観点で送電変電所に設定したエリア単位（1送電線、複数送電線、送電変電所受電端など）での領域を監視の対象とすることも可能である。
In the case of a wider area unit, obtain information on active power P and reactive power Q from the voltage and current at the receiving entrance of the distribution substation, and monitor the load side area connected to the receiving substation. Can do. Furthermore, when paying attention to the transmission system on the higher voltage side, the area by area unit (1 transmission line, multiple transmission lines, transmission substation receiving end, etc.) set in the transmission substation from the same viewpoint as the above distribution substation It is also possible to make it an object of monitoring.
要するにエリア単位としての監視位置を定めるには送配電電力系統中の任意点での有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの情報が得られれば良い。
In short, in order to determine the monitoring position as an area unit, it is only necessary to obtain information on active power P and reactive power Q at an arbitrary point in the transmission / distribution power system.
図１は本発明に係るエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置の全体構成を示す図である。ここでは推定装置の全体構成について説明する。なお、以降は特段記載しない限り、「エリア」を「配電用変電所のバンク単位で電力が供給される地域」と定義した例について説明する。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation apparatus according to the present invention. Here, the overall configuration of the estimation apparatus will be described. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, an example in which “area” is defined as “area where power is supplied in bank units of distribution substations” will be described.
図１において１は本発明に係るエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であり、図示しない記憶装置や入出力機能を含んで構成されるＰＣ等の電子演算機能で実現されるものである。図１には、電子演算機能で実現する各種機能、及び当該機能の実行に使用する各種データを保持するデータベースＤＢを記載している。このうち、２と３が外部からのデータを取得する入力機能であり、９が内部の演算結果を外部出力する出力機能である。４、６、８が各種の演算機能に相当している。
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device according to the present invention, which is realized by an electronic operation function such as a PC including a storage device and an input / output function (not shown). FIG. 1 shows various functions realized by an electronic calculation function and a database DB that holds various data used for executing the functions. Of these, 2 and 3 are input functions for acquiring data from the outside, and 9 is an output function for externally outputting internal calculation results. 4, 6, and 8 correspond to various calculation functions.
入力機能のうち２は、短周期で有効電力Ｐと無効電力Ｑを計測して情報を取得する機能（以下単に短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能という）であり、電力系統の変電所におけるバンク単位で短周期（例えば１０秒）ごとに計測された有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの計測値を取得する機能である。ここで入力された有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑは、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６、および短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能８へ渡される。
Of the input functions, 2 is a function for acquiring information by measuring active power P and reactive power Q in a short cycle (hereinafter simply referred to as a short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function). This is a function of acquiring measured values of active power P and reactive power Q measured every short cycle (for example, 10 seconds). The active power P and the reactive power Q input here are passed to the PQ calculation function 6 at the time of the photovoltaic power generation stop and the short cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 8.
入力機能のうち３は、気象衛星観測情報取得機能であり、気象衛星が撮影する気象衛星画像情報からメッシュ単位（例えば１ｋｍ四方メッシュ）の日射量情報へ変換された日射量情報を取得する。この日射量情報は長周期（例えば３０分間隔）で取得される。取得された日射量情報は、取得される度に長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４へ渡される。なおこの機能は、広範囲な対象エリアの日射量情報を取得する目的で気象衛星観測情報を採用しているが、他の手段により地上の日射量計測情報を広範囲に得ることができるのであれば、代用可能である。
3 of the input functions is a meteorological satellite observation information acquisition function, which acquires the solar radiation amount information converted from the meteorological satellite image information photographed by the weather satellite into the solar radiation amount information in mesh units (for example, 1 km square mesh). This amount of solar radiation information is acquired in a long cycle (for example, every 30 minutes). The acquired amount of solar radiation information is passed to the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 every time it is acquired. This function uses weather satellite observation information for the purpose of obtaining solar radiation information for a wide range of target areas, but if it is possible to obtain ground solar radiation measurement information over a wide range by other means, Substitution is possible.
各種機能の実行に使用する各種データを保持するデータベースＤＢのうちＤＢ１は、太陽光発電容量データベースＤＢ１であり、メッシュ（例えば１ｋｍ四方メッシュ）ごとの太陽光発電設置容量情報を記憶している。
Among the database DBs that hold various data used for executing various functions, DB1 is a photovoltaic power generation capacity database DB1, and stores photovoltaic power generation installation capacity information for each mesh (for example, 1 km square mesh).
各種機能の実行に使用する各種データを保持するデータベースＤＢのうちＤＢ２は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベースであり、太陽光発電停止時の有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑが記録される。
Among the database DBs that hold various data used for executing various functions, DB2 is a PQ information database when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped, and the active power P and the reactive power Q when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped are recorded.
電子演算機能で実現される各種の機能４、６、８のうち、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４では、気象衛星観測情報取得機能３から取得するメッシュ単位の日射量情報と、太陽光発電容量データベースＤＢ１に記録されているメッシュごとの太陽光発電設置容量情報とから、エリア全体の太陽光発電発電量を３０分間隔で計算する。このエリア全体の太陽光発電による発電量情報は太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６へ渡される。
Among the various functions 4, 6, and 8 realized by the electronic calculation function, the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 has the solar radiation amount information acquired in mesh units acquired from the meteorological satellite observation information acquisition function 3, and the sun. From the photovoltaic power generation installed capacity information for each mesh recorded in the photovoltaic power generation capacity database DB1, the photovoltaic power generation amount of the entire area is calculated at intervals of 30 minutes. Information on the amount of power generated by solar power generation in the entire area is passed to the PQ calculation function 6 when solar power generation is stopped.
電子演算機能で実現される各種の機能４、６、８のうち、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６においては、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が１０秒間隔に取得する短周期での有効電力Ｐ、無効電力Ｑの計測情報と、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４が３０分間隔で計算するエリア全体の太陽光発電発電量情報とから、３０分ごとのエリア単位の太陽光発電停止時に相当する有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑを計算する。
Among various functions 4, 6, and 8 realized by the electronic calculation function, in the PQ calculation function 6 when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped, the short period PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 is effective in a short period acquired at intervals of 10 seconds. From the measurement information of the power P and the reactive power Q and the photovoltaic power generation amount information of the entire area calculated by the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 at 30-minute intervals, solar light in area units every 30 minutes The active power P and the reactive power Q corresponding to when the power generation is stopped are calculated.
電子演算機能で実現される各種の機能４、６、８のうち、短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能８は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベースＤＢ２に記録された３０分間隔の太陽光発電停止時における有効電力Ｐ、無効電力Ｑの情報と、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が取得する１０秒間隔の有効電力Ｐ、無効電力Ｑの計測情報とから、１０秒間隔の太陽光発電出力推定値を計算する。この計算結果は、出力機能９にて外部出力される。
Among various functions 4, 6, and 8 realized by the electronic calculation function, the short cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 8 is the solar light at 30-minute intervals recorded in the PQ information database DB2 when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped. Photovoltaic power generation at 10-second intervals from information on active power P and reactive power Q when power generation is stopped, and measurement information on active power P and reactive power Q at 10-second intervals acquired by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 Calculate the output estimate. This calculation result is externally output by the output function 9.
以下、各機能について詳しく説明する。
Hereafter, each function will be explained in detail.
図２は、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２の出力データの一例を示す図である。本データは、エリア単位の有効電力Ｐ（ｋｗ）と無効電力Ｑ（ｋｖａｒ）、さらにこれらの情報を
計測した日付と時刻の情報で構成される。取得周期は１０秒周期（短周期）である。ここでエリア単位とは、例えば配電用変電所のバンク単位の意味であり、図３にそのイメージを記す。 FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of output data of the short cycle PQ measurementinformation acquisition function 2. This data is composed of active power P (kw) and reactive power Q (kvar) for each area, and date and time information when these pieces of information are measured. The acquisition cycle is a 10-second cycle (short cycle). Here, the area unit means, for example, a bank unit of a distribution substation, and its image is shown in FIG.
計測した日付と時刻の情報で構成される。取得周期は１０秒周期（短周期）である。ここでエリア単位とは、例えば配電用変電所のバンク単位の意味であり、図３にそのイメージを記す。 FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of output data of the short cycle PQ measurement
図３は、配電用変電所とここに接続された配電線の一例を示す図である。この図３により、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が取得する情報の計測点の一例を説明する。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a distribution substation and distribution lines connected thereto. An example of information measurement points acquired by the short period PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
典型的な配電用変電所ＳＳは、受電母線Ｂｕｓ１において送電線Ｌ１に接続されている。受電母線Ｂｕｓ１にはバンクＢ（変圧器：Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３）を介して配電母線Ｂｕｓ２（Ｂｕｓ２１、Ｂｕｓ２２、Ｂｕｓ２３）がそれぞれ接続されており、かつ配電母線Ｂｕｓ２（Ｂｕｓ２１、Ｂｕｓ２２、Ｂｕｓ２３）にはそれぞれ複数の配電線Ｌ２が接続されている。また配電線Ｌ２には、複数の需要家負荷Ｌｄや複数台の太陽光発電ＰＶが接続されている。
A typical distribution substation SS is connected to the power transmission line L1 at the power receiving bus Bus1. Distribution buses Bus2 (Bus21, Bus22, Bus23) are connected to the receiving buses Bus1 via banks B (transformers: B1, B2, B3), respectively, and to the distribution buses Bus2 (Bus21, Bus22, Bus23). A plurality of distribution lines L2 are connected to each other. A plurality of customer loads Ld and a plurality of photovoltaic power generation PVs are connected to the distribution line L2.
ここでエリア単位とは、例えば配電用変電所のバンク単位の意味である。従って、図３の例の配電変電所ＳＳをエリア単位で表す時には、バンクＢ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３に接続される３つのエリアが存在することになる。図３の例ではバンクＢ１に接続されるエリアには、配電母線Ｂｕｓ２１と、配電線Ｌ２１（Ｌ２１１、Ｌ２１２、Ｌ２１３）と、需要家の負荷Ｌｄ１（Ｌｄ１１、Ｌｄ１２、Ｌｄ１３）と、太陽光発電ＰＶ１（ＰＶ１１、ＰＶ１２、ＰＶ１３）を含む。図３のバンクＢ２に接続されるエリアには、配電母線Ｂｕｓ２２と、配電線Ｌ２２（Ｌ２２１からＬ２２ｎ）が記載されているが、これ以外に需要家の負荷Ｌｄや、太陽光発電ＰＶを含む。また図３のバンクＢ３に接続されるエリアには、配電母線Ｂｕｓ２３と、配電線Ｌ２３（Ｌ２３１からＬ２３ｍ）が記載されているが、これ以外に需要家の負荷Ｌｄや、太陽光発電ＰＶを含む。
Here, the area unit means, for example, a bank unit of a distribution substation. Therefore, when the distribution substation SS in the example of FIG. 3 is expressed in area units, there are three areas connected to the banks B1, B2, and B3. In the example of FIG. 3, the areas connected to the bank B1 include the distribution bus Bus21, the distribution lines L21 (L211, L212, L213), the customer loads Ld1 (Ld11, Ld12, Ld13), and the photovoltaic power generation PV1. (PV11, PV12, PV13). In the area connected to the bank B2 in FIG. 3, the distribution bus Bus22 and the distribution line L22 (L221 to L22n) are described, but in addition to this, the load Ld of the consumer and the photovoltaic power generation PV are included. Further, in the area connected to the bank B3 in FIG. 3, the distribution bus Bus23 and the distribution line L23 (L231 to L23m) are described, but in addition to this, the load Ld of the consumer and the photovoltaic power generation PV are included. .
また図３において、図１のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置１の短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が使用する有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑは、エリア単位で把握された量である。このため有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの計測は、バンク合計での有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑが把握可能に設置される。例えばバンクＢの後流側にセンサＳＣ（ＳＣ１、ＳＣ２、ＳＣ３）が設置されるのがよい。
Further, in FIG. 3, the active power P and the reactive power Q used by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 of the area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device 1 of FIG. 1 are amounts grasped in area units. For this reason, the measurement of the active power P and the reactive power Q is installed so that the effective power P and the reactive power Q in the total bank can be grasped. For example, the sensors SC (SC1, SC2, SC3) are preferably installed on the downstream side of the bank B.
図１に戻り、気象衛星観測情報取得機能３が取得する情報は、気象衛星が撮影する気象衛星画像情報からメッシュ単位（たとえば１ｋｍ四方メッシュ）の日射量情報へ変換された日射量情報である。ここでメッシュの定義を、図４を用いて説明する。
Referring back to FIG. 1, the information acquired by the meteorological satellite observation information acquisition function 3 is solar radiation amount information converted from meteorological satellite image information captured by the weather satellite into solar radiation amount information in mesh units (for example, 1 km square mesh). Here, the definition of the mesh will be described with reference to FIG.
図４は電力系統に対するメッシュ定義の一例を示す図である。ここではバンクＢ１を例にとり、メッシュ定義の一例として説明する。なお、配電用変電所ＳＳ、バンクＢ１、配電線Ｌ２１１、Ｌ２１２、Ｌ２１３は図３に記載したものと同一である。図４に示すように、バンクＢ１に接続する配電線Ｌ２１１、Ｌ２１２、Ｌ２１３の全域を１ｋｍ四方のメッシュに区切り、左右方向を英字表示し、上下方向を数字表示して特定する交点であるセル位置を「Ａ０、Ｈ８」などのように記号の組み合わせで示している。配電線によりカバーされるこれらの領域が、有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの計測点（バンク位置）における電気的な下流領域に該当している。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a mesh definition for the power system. Here, bank B1 will be taken as an example and will be described as an example of mesh definition. The distribution substation SS, the bank B1, the distribution lines L211, L212, and L213 are the same as those described in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the cell position that is the intersection point where the entire distribution lines L211, L212, and L213 connected to the bank B1 are divided into 1 km square meshes, the left and right directions are displayed in English, and the up and down directions are displayed numerically Are indicated by a combination of symbols such as “A0, H8”. These areas covered by the distribution lines correspond to the electrical downstream areas at the measurement points (bank positions) of the active power P and the reactive power Q.
図５は気象衛星観測情報取得機能３が出力する情報の一例を示す図である。取得周期は３０分（長周期）である。本情報は、日付、時刻と、セル位置がＡ０やＡ１などの各セルの日射量情報（ｋＷ／ｍ２）で構成される。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of information output by the meteorological satellite observation information acquisition function 3. The acquisition cycle is 30 minutes (long cycle). This information includes date, time, and solar radiation amount information (kW / m 2 ) of each cell whose cell position is A0 or A1.
図６は、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４の処理を示すフローチャートである。本フローチャートは１０秒間隔で実行される。
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing processing of the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4. This flowchart is executed at intervals of 10 seconds.
図６のフローチャートの最初の処理ステップであるＳ４１は、気象衛星観測情報取得確認を実行する機能である。本機能は、処理時点における最新の気象衛星観測情報（図５）を取得する。
S41, which is the first processing step in the flowchart of FIG. 6, is a function for executing weather satellite observation information acquisition confirmation. This function obtains the latest meteorological satellite observation information (FIG. 5) at the time of processing.
次の処理ステップＳ４２では、今回の処理ステップＳ４１で取得した気象衛星観測情報の日付や時刻の情報が、前回の１０秒前の処理ステップＳ４１で取得した気象衛星観測情報（図５）のものと異なるか否かを判定する。今回の取得情報と前回の取得情報とで日付や時刻が異なる場合（Ｙ）には処理ステップＳ４３へ進む。今回の取得情報と前回の取得情報とで日付や時刻が同じ場合には、処理を終了（Ｎ）する。なお、気象衛星観測情報（図５）は３０分間隔で取得するため、処理ステップＳ４３以降の処理は、３０分に１回の周期での処理になる。
In the next processing step S42, the date and time information of the meteorological satellite observation information acquired in the current processing step S41 is the same as that of the meteorological satellite observation information (FIG. 5) acquired in the previous processing step S41 10 seconds ago. Determine whether they are different. When the date and time are different between the current acquired information and the previous acquired information (Y), the process proceeds to processing step S43. If the date and time are the same between the current acquisition information and the previous acquisition information, the process ends (N). In addition, since meteorological satellite observation information (FIG. 5) is acquired at intervals of 30 minutes, the processing after processing step S43 is performed at a cycle of once every 30 minutes.
長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４としての実質的な処理である処理ステップＳ４３では、メッシュ別太陽光発電容量情報を太陽光発電容量データベースＤＢ１から取得する。太陽光発電容量データベースＢ１のテーブル定義の一例を図７に示す。
In processing step S43 which is a substantial process as the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4, mesh-specific photovoltaic power generation capacity information is acquired from the photovoltaic power generation capacity database DB1. An example of the table definition of the photovoltaic power generation capacity database B1 is shown in FIG.
太陽光発電容量データベースＢ１のテーブル定義の一例を図７に示すように、セル位置ごとの太陽光発電容量（ｋＷ）が記録されている。例えば、セル位置Ａ０の太陽光発電容量はＣＡＰＡ０であるが、これはセル位置Ａ０の地域に存在する個別太陽光発電の容量の合計値を示している。
As shown in FIG. 7 as an example of the table definition of the photovoltaic power generation capacity database B1, the photovoltaic power generation capacity (kW) for each cell position is recorded. For example, although the solar power generation capacity at the cell position A0 is CAP A0 , this indicates the total value of the individual solar power generation capacity existing in the area of the cell position A0.
処理ステップＳ４４では、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力を推定している。本機能は、処理ステップＳ４１で取得するセル位置ごとの日射量情報（ｋＷ／ｍ２）と、処理ステップＳ４３で取得するセル位置ごとの太陽光発電容量（ｋＷ）とから、エリア全体の太陽光発電出力を推定する。エリア単位の太陽光発電出力は（１）式、（２）式で計算する。
In process step S44, the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output is estimated. This function is based on the solar radiation amount information (kW / m 2 ) for each cell position acquired in processing step S41 and the solar power generation capacity (kW) for each cell position acquired in processing step S43. Estimate power generation output. The solar power generation output for each area is calculated using the formulas (1) and (2).
なお（１）式は、エリア単位の太陽光発電出力として有効電力Ｐ１８００を求めたものであり、（２）式は、エリア単位の太陽光発電出力として無効電力Ｑ１８００を求めたものである。またこれらの式において、ｎは図４で述べたセル位置（ｎ＝Ａ０、Ａ１、・・・、Ｈ８）、ＣＡＰ（ｎ）はセル位置ｎでの太陽光発電容量（ｋＷ）、Ｒは太陽光発電容量に対する設置面積の変換係数（ｍ２／ｋＷ）、ＳＲ（ｎ）はセル位置ｎの日射量（ｋＷ／ｍ２）、ｃｏｓθは太陽光発電の力率である。
In addition, (1) Formula calculates | requires active power P 1800 as a photovoltaic power generation output of an area unit, (2) Formula calculates | requires reactive power Q 1800 as a photovoltaic power generation output of an area unit. . In these equations, n is the cell position (n = A0, A1,..., H8) described in FIG. 4, CAP (n) is the photovoltaic power generation capacity (kW) at the cell position n, and R is the sun. The conversion coefficient (m 2 / kW) of the installation area with respect to the photovoltaic power generation capacity, SR (n) is the solar radiation amount (kW / m 2 ) at the cell position n, and cos θ is the power factor of photovoltaic power generation.
図８は、図６に処理フローを示した図１の長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４の出力情報の一例を示す図である。本出力情報の一例は、日付（２０１４年４月１日）、時刻（１２時３０分００秒）、有効電力Ｐ（ｋｗ）（Ｐ１８００）、無効電力Ｑ（ｋｖａｒ）（Ｑ１８００）で構成されている。なお、有効電力Ｐ１８００は（１）式の計算結果、無効電力Ｑ１８００は（２）式の計算結果に相当する。
8 is a diagram showing an example of output information of the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 of FIG. 1 whose processing flow is shown in FIG. An example of this output information is composed of date (April 1, 2014), time (12:30:30), active power P (kw) (P 1800 ), and reactive power Q (kvar) (Q 1800 ). Has been. The active power P 1800 corresponds to the calculation result of the formula (1), and the reactive power Q 1800 corresponds to the calculation result of the formula (2).
図９は、図１の太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６の処理を示すフローチャートである。本フローチャートは、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４の処理フローにおける周期と同様に、１０秒間隔で実行する。
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the processing of the PQ calculation function 6 when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped in FIG. This flowchart is executed at intervals of 10 seconds as in the cycle in the processing flow of the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4.
図９のフローチャートの最初の処理ステップであるＳ６１は、最新の短周期ＰＱ計測情報を取得する。本機能は、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が１０秒間隔で取得する短周期の有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑの計測情報のうち、本処理実行時における図２に示す最新の情報を取得する。
In S61, which is the first processing step in the flowchart of FIG. 9, the latest short period PQ measurement information is acquired. This function acquires the latest information shown in FIG. 2 at the time of execution of this process, from the measurement information of the short cycle active power P and reactive power Q acquired by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 at intervals of 10 seconds. .
次の処理ステップＳ６２では、最新の長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力情報を取得する。この機能では、図１の長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４が３０分間隔で出力するエリア単位太陽光発電出力推定情報のうち、本処理実行時における図８に示す最新情報を取得する。
In the next processing step S62, the latest long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output information is acquired. In this function, the latest information shown in FIG. 8 at the time of execution of this process is acquired from the area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation information output by the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 in FIG. 1 at intervals of 30 minutes. .
処理ステップＳ６３では、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２から取得した最新情報（図２）と、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４から取得した最新情報（図８）とのタイムスタンプを比較する。両者のタイムスタンプが同じであれば処理ステップＳ６４へ進む。なお、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２から取得する最新情報（図２）は、１０秒間隔で更新されるが、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４から取得する最新情報（図８）は３０分間隔の更新であるため、両者のタイムスタンプが一致するのは３０分に一回である。このため、両者のタイムスタンプが異なる場合には本フローチャートを終了する。
In processing step S63, the latest information acquired from the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 (FIG. 2) and the latest information acquired from the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 are compared (FIG. 8). To do. If both time stamps are the same, the process proceeds to step S64. The latest information acquired from the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 (FIG. 2) is updated at 10-second intervals, but the latest information acquired from the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 (FIG. 8). Is an update at intervals of 30 minutes, the time stamps of both coincide with each other every 30 minutes. For this reason, this flowchart is complete | finished when both time stamps differ.
処理ステップＳ６４では、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力Ｐと無効電力Ｑを算出する。本機能においては、エリア単位での計測値に相当する太陽光発電停止状態の有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑ、すなわち、全需要家の太陽光発電が停止した状態における図３のセンサＳＣの位置で計測した有効電力Ｐや無効電力Ｑに相当する値を計算する。
In processing step S64, the active power P and the reactive power Q when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped are calculated. In this function, the active power P and reactive power Q in the solar power generation stop state corresponding to the measurement value in the area unit, that is, the position of the sensor SC in FIG. 3 in a state in which the solar power generation of all consumers is stopped. Values corresponding to the measured active power P and reactive power Q are calculated.
この場合の計算式は、エリア単位の太陽光発電停止相当の有効電力ＰであるＰＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ＿ｈｈｍｍｓｓを求めているのが（３）式、エリア単位の太陽光発電停止相当の無効電力ＱであるＱＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ＿ｈｈｍｍｓｓを求めているのが（４）式である。
なおこれらに付与した記号「ＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ」は、日付（年月日）を表しており、「ｈｈｍｍｓｓ」は時刻（時分秒）を表している。 Equation in this case, the equation (3) seeking P YYYYMMDD_hhmmss is active power P PV stopping considerable area units, a reactive power Q of the photovoltaic power generation stop corresponding area unit Q YYYYMMDD_hhmmss (4) is what is calculated.
Note that the symbol “YYYYMMDD” given to these represents a date (year / month / day), and “hhmmss” represents a time (hour / minute / second).
なおこれらに付与した記号「ＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ」は、日付（年月日）を表しており、「ｈｈｍｍｓｓ」は時刻（時分秒）を表している。 Equation in this case, the equation (3) seeking P YYYYMMDD_hhmmss is active power P PV stopping considerable area units, a reactive power Q of the photovoltaic power generation stop corresponding area unit Q YYYYMMDD_hhmmss (4) is what is calculated.
Note that the symbol “YYYYMMDD” given to these represents a date (year / month / day), and “hhmmss” represents a time (hour / minute / second).
またこの式において、Ｐ１０は短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２から取得した有効電力Ｐ、Ｐ１８００ は長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４が推定するエリア単位太陽光発電出力推定値（有効電力Ｐ）、Ｑ１０は短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２から取得する無効電力Ｑ、Ｑ１８００は長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４が推定するエリア単位太陽光発電出力推定値（無効電力Ｑ）である。
In this equation, P 10 is the active power P acquired from the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2, and P 1800 is the area unit solar power output estimation value (effective) estimated by the long cycle area unit solar power output estimation function 4. Power P), Q 10 is the reactive power Q acquired from the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2, and Q 1800 is the area unit solar power output estimation value (reactive power) estimated by the long cycle area unit solar power output estimation function 4. Q).
（３）式、（４）式で計算した太陽光発電停止時相当の有効電力Ｐ（ＰＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ＿ｈｈｍｍｓｓ）と無効電力（ＱＹＹＹＹＭＭＤＤ＿ｈｈｍｍｓｓ）は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベースＤＢ２に記録される。
(3), (4) active power P of the corresponding time photovoltaic stopped calculated by formula (P YYYYMMDD_hhmmss) and reactive power (Q YYYYMMDD_hhmmss) is recorded in the photovoltaic power generation stop PQ information database DB2.
図１０は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベースＤＢ２のテーブル定義の一例である。日付、時刻、センサＳＣの位置で計測する場合の太陽光発電停止時相当の有効電力Ｐ、センサＳＣの位置で計測する場合の太陽光発電停止時相当の無効電力Ｑを計算の都度（従って３０分周期で）、記録する。
FIG. 10 is an example of a table definition of the PQ information database DB2 when photovoltaic power generation is stopped. The active power P corresponding to the time when the solar power generation is stopped when measuring at the date, time, and the position of the sensor SC, and the reactive power Q corresponding to the time when the solar power generation is stopped when measuring at the position of the sensor SC (each 30) Record in minutes).
図１１は、短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能８の処理を示すフローチャートである。本フローチャートは、長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４の処理フローにおける周期あるいは太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６の処理を示すフローと同様に、１０秒間隔で実行する。
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the processing of the short cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 8. This flowchart is executed at intervals of 10 seconds as in the flow showing the cycle in the processing flow of the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4 or the processing of the PQ calculation function 6 at the time of photovoltaic power generation stop.
図１１のフローチャートの最初の処理ステップであるＳ８１は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報を取得する機能である。本機能は、太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベースＤＢ２に記録されたデータのうちから、抽出規則に合致するデータを抽出する。抽出規則は、例えば「現在から過去２４時間以内に記録されたデータ」とすることが考えられる。
S81, which is the first processing step in the flowchart of FIG. 11, is a function for acquiring PQ information when photovoltaic power generation is stopped. This function extracts data that matches the extraction rule from the data recorded in the PQ information database DB2 when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped. For example, the extraction rule may be “data recorded within the past 24 hours from the present”.
次の処理ステップＳ８２は、負荷特性を算出する機能である。負荷特性を算出する方式として、例えば、処理ステップＳ８１で抽出したデータを、横軸有効電力Ｐ、縦軸無効電力ＱとするＰＱ座標平面上にプロットし、これらの線形近似直線を負荷特性とすることが考えられる。
The next processing step S82 is a function for calculating load characteristics. As a method for calculating the load characteristics, for example, the data extracted in the processing step S81 is plotted on the PQ coordinate plane with the horizontal axis active power P and the vertical axis reactive power Q, and these linear approximation lines are used as the load characteristics. It is possible.
処理ステップＳ８３は、最新の短周期ＰＱ計測情報を取得する機能である。短周期ＰＱ計測情報は、短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能２が１０秒間隔で出力する情報であり、図２に示す内容のものである。
Processing step S83 is a function for acquiring the latest short cycle PQ measurement information. The short cycle PQ measurement information is information output by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function 2 at intervals of 10 seconds, and has the contents shown in FIG.
処理ステップＳ８４は、太陽光発電出力推定機能である。この機能では、Ｑ１０（短周期ＰＱ計測情報の無効電力Ｑ）を（５）式で算出し、１０秒間隔の太陽光発電出力推定値Ｐｅｓｔ１０を（６）式にて算出する。なおこれらの式において、Ｐ１０は太陽光発電出力のうち短周期ＰＱ計測情報の有効電力Ｐを意味し、ｃｏｓθは太陽光発電の力率、ＰＮｏＰＶ（Ｑ）は、負荷特性における無効電力Ｑに対する有効電力Ｐを表している。
Process step S84 is a photovoltaic power generation output estimation function. In this function, Q 10 (reactive power Q of the short period PQ measurement information) is calculated by equation (5), and a photovoltaic power generation output estimated value P est10 at 10 second intervals is calculated by equation (6). In these equations, P 10 means the effective power P of the short period PQ measurement information in the photovoltaic power generation output, cos θ is the power factor of the photovoltaic power generation, and P NoPV (Q) is the reactive power Q in the load characteristics. Represents the effective power P with respect to.
なお、太陽光発電の力率が不明な場合は、力率＝１と設定することが考えられる。（５）式（６）式で算出した１０秒間隔の太陽光発電出力推定値は、図１の出力機能９により出力される。
If the power factor of photovoltaic power generation is unknown, it is possible to set power factor = 1. (5) The solar power generation output estimated value calculated at 10-second intervals calculated by Expression (6) is output by the output function 9 of FIG.
図１２は、太陽光発電出力推定処理の過程イメージを説明するための一例を示す図である。図１２は、横軸が有効電力Ｐ、縦軸が無効電力Ｑの座標平面であり、前記の力率法で述べたと同じ座標平面である。この平面において黒丸が長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能４の処理で求めた各時点における負荷位置である。複数の黒丸による負荷位置の情報から太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能６の処理により求められたＰＶ停止時ＰＱ情報（（３）式及び（４）式）が点線に示す領域であり、この領域における黒丸のプロットから例えば線形近似処理により求めた負荷特性がＬＸである。
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example for explaining a process image of the photovoltaic power generation output estimation process. In FIG. 12, the horizontal axis is a coordinate plane of the active power P and the vertical axis is the reactive power Q, which is the same coordinate plane as described in the power factor method. In this plane, a black circle is a load position at each time point obtained by the processing of the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function 4. The PV stop PQ information (Equation (3) and (4)) obtained by the processing of the photovoltaic power generation stop PQ calculation function 6 from the load position information by a plurality of black circles is a region indicated by a dotted line. The load characteristic obtained by, for example, linear approximation processing from the black circle plot at is LX.
負荷特性ＬＸは、太陽光発電停止時の負荷特性であるが、夜間と昼間では様相を異にする。例えば工場が停止する夜間には個別家庭負荷、配電線負荷が主体であり、この場合には負荷特性の傾きが小さくなる傾向にある。他方、工場が稼働する昼間には工場負荷の比率が高く、個別家庭負荷、配電線負荷の割合が低い状態であり、この場合には負荷特性の傾きが大きくなる傾向にある。
The load characteristic LX is a load characteristic when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped, but the aspect is different between nighttime and daytime. For example, at night when the factory stops, individual home loads and distribution line loads are mainly used, and in this case, the inclination of the load characteristics tends to be small. On the other hand, during the daytime when the factory is operating, the ratio of factory load is high, and the ratio of individual household load and distribution line load is low. In this case, the inclination of the load characteristic tends to increase.
本発明において、太陽光発電出力推定のために参照すべき負荷特性は、昼間における負荷特性である太陽光発電停止時の負荷特性ということで、太陽光発電が停止する夜間の負荷特性を採用したとしても、これは先に述べた理由により、太陽光発電出力推定のために参照すべき負荷特性としては相応しくない。
In the present invention, the load characteristic to be referred for estimating the photovoltaic power generation output is the load characteristic at the time of stopping the photovoltaic power generation, which is the load characteristic in the daytime, and the load characteristic at night when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped is adopted. However, this is not suitable as a load characteristic to be referred to for estimating the photovoltaic power generation output for the reason described above.
この点、本発明は昼間の長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力から負荷特性を定めているので、太陽光発電出力推定のために参照すべき負荷特性として好適のものであり、昼間の電力実態を反映したものということができる。
In this respect, since the present invention defines the load characteristics from the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output in the daytime, it is suitable as a load characteristic to be referred to for estimating the photovoltaic power generation output, It can be said that it was reflected.
本発明では、図１２のＰＱ座標平面上に、太陽光発電停止時の負荷特性ＬＸとともに、短周期のＰＱ計測情報を表示、プロットしている。短周期のＰＱ計測情報が、図１２の座標（Ｐ１０、Ｑ１０）である。
In the present invention, on the PQ coordinate plane of FIG. 12, the short-period PQ measurement information is displayed and plotted together with the load characteristic LX when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped. The short-period PQ measurement information is the coordinates (P 10, Q 10 ) in FIG.
この関係からは、座標（Ｐ１０、Ｑ１０）と負荷特性ＬＸとの間の横軸方向の距離（有効電力）が、現在時点における太陽光発電出力（有効電力）とすることもできるが、本発明では、直ちにこの差分を採用するのではなく、短周期ＰＱ計測情報（座標（Ｐ１０、Ｑ１０））に対し、太陽光発電の力率を反映する。先の（５）式が力率を反映した結果であり、座標（Ｐ１０、Ｑ１０）から反映分を差し引いて新しい座標（Ｐ１０、Ｑ０）を求める。
From this relationship, the distance (active power) in the horizontal axis direction between the coordinates (P 10, Q 10 ) and the load characteristic LX can be the photovoltaic power generation output (active power) at the current time point. in the present invention, instead of immediately adopting this difference, with respect to the short period PQ measurement information (coordinates (P 10, Q 10)) , to reflect the power factor of the solar power. The previous equation (5) is the result of reflecting the power factor, and the new coordinates (P 10 , Q 0 ) are obtained by subtracting the reflected amount from the coordinates (P 10, Q 10 ).
（６）式では、力率反映点（Ｐ１０、Ｑ０）と負荷特性ＬＸとの間の横軸方向の距離（有効電力）を、太陽光発電出力（有効電力）としている。なおＰＮｏＰＶ（無効電力Ｑ０）が、無効電力Ｑ０のときの負荷特性ＬＸ上の有効電力である。Ｐ１０とＰＮｏＰＶ（無効電力Ｑ０）との差が太陽光発電出力と推定される。なお、本イメージは太陽光発電出力推定の根拠の情報としてモニタ等へ表示してもよい。
In the equation (6), the distance (active power) in the horizontal axis direction between the power factor reflection point (P 10 , Q 0 ) and the load characteristic LX is defined as the photovoltaic power generation output (active power). Note that P NoPV (reactive power Q 0 ) is the active power on the load characteristic LX when the reactive power Q 0 is. The difference between P 10 and P NoPV (reactive power Q 0 ) is estimated as the photovoltaic power generation output. In addition, you may display this image on a monitor etc. as information on the basis of photovoltaic power generation output estimation.
上記した本発明によれば、昼間の長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力から負荷特性を定め、短周期のＰＱ計測情報との比較により太陽光発電出力を推定しているので、需要サイドの太陽光発電装置を止める必要がなく、かつ高頻度に太陽光発電出力を推定することができる。
According to the present invention described above, the load characteristics are determined from the long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output in the daytime, and the photovoltaic power generation output is estimated by comparison with the short-period PQ measurement information. It is not necessary to stop the power generation device, and the solar power generation output can be estimated frequently.
本発明により最終的に得られた出力は、現在の電力系統エリアにおける太陽光発電出力を反映している。従って、この値を用いることで配電線末端における電圧上昇を推定可能であり、変電所バンク（変圧器）におけるタップ操作に反映させることで、末端の配電線電圧制御が可能となる。
The output finally obtained by the present invention reflects the photovoltaic power generation output in the current power system area. Therefore, by using this value, it is possible to estimate the voltage rise at the end of the distribution line, and it is possible to control the distribution line voltage at the end by reflecting it in the tap operation in the substation bank (transformer).
なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり
、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
１：エリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置，２：短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能，３：気象衛星観測情報取得機能，４：長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能，６：太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ算出機能，８：短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能，９：出力機能，ＤＢ１：太陽光発電容量データベース，ＤＢ２：太陽光発電停止時ＰＱ情報データベース
1: Area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device, 2: Short period PQ measurement information acquisition function, 3: Meteorological satellite observation information acquisition function, 4: Long period area unit solar power output estimation function, 6: Stop solar power generation Hour PQ calculation function, 8: short period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function, 9: output function, DB1: photovoltaic power generation capacity database, DB2: PQ information database when photovoltaic power generation is stopped
Claims (8)
- 有効電力と無効電力を得ることができる送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電の発電量を推定するためのエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であって、
前記情報入力点における有効電力と無効電力を短周期で取得する短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能と、前記送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を、前記下流側領域における日射量から長周期に求める長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能と、該長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能が得た太陽光発電による複数の有効電力と無効電力の発電量と前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能が得た有効電力と無効電力から、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力を算出する太陽光発電停止時出力算出機能と、該太陽光発電停止時出力算出機能による有効電力と無効電力の関係を示す負荷特性を導き、前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能で得た有効電力と無効電力とから、前記太陽光発電の発電量を推定する短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能を備えることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置。 An area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device for estimating the amount of photovoltaic power generation in an electrical downstream region of an information input point of a transmission and distribution system capable of obtaining active power and reactive power,
A short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function for acquiring active power and reactive power at the information input point in a short cycle, and active power and reactive power of solar power generation in an electrical downstream region of the information input point of the transmission and distribution system A long-period area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function for obtaining a power generation amount in a long cycle from the solar radiation amount in the downstream region, and a plurality of active powers by solar power obtained by the long-period area unit solar power output estimation function A solar power generation stoppage output calculation function for calculating active power and reactive power when solar power generation is stopped from the active power and reactive power obtained by the power generation amount of reactive power and the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function; A load characteristic indicating the relationship between the active power and the reactive power by the output calculation function when the photovoltaic power generation is stopped is derived, and the solar power is obtained from the active power and the reactive power obtained by the short period PQ measurement information acquisition function. Power generation of the power generation amount in that it comprises a short-period area units photovoltaic output estimation function for each area photovoltaic power generation amount estimation apparatus according to claim estimated. - 請求項１に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であって、
前記長周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能における前記日射量の情報は、前記下流側領域を複数に分割した小地域ごとの日射量情報であり、前記小地域ごとの太陽光発電の設備容量情報を有し、前記小地域ごとの日射量情報と、前記小地域ごとの太陽光発電の設備容量情報とから前記太陽光発電による発電量を生成することを特徴とすることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device according to claim 1,
The solar radiation amount information in the long cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function is solar radiation amount information for each small area obtained by dividing the downstream area into a plurality of areas, and the solar power generation facility capacity information for each small area And generating the power generation amount by the solar power generation from the solar radiation amount information for each small region and the facility capacity information of the solar power generation for each small region Photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device. - 請求項１または請求項２に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であって、
短周期エリア単位太陽光発電出力推定機能において、前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能から求めた無効電力の大きさが第１の値のときに前記負荷特性で定まる有効電力と、前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能から求めた有効電力の差を前記太陽光発電出力推定値とすることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device according to claim 1 or 2,
In the short cycle area unit photovoltaic power generation output estimation function, the active power determined by the load characteristic when the reactive power obtained from the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function is a first value, and the short cycle PQ measurement An area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device characterized in that a difference in active power obtained from an information acquisition function is used as the photovoltaic power generation output estimated value. - 請求項３に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置であって、
前記第１の値の無効電力は、前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能で取得した無効電力を、力率を用いて補正した値であることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定装置。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device according to claim 3,
The area-based photovoltaic power generation amount estimation device, wherein the reactive power of the first value is a value obtained by correcting reactive power acquired by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function using a power factor. - 有効電力と無効電力を得ることができる送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電の発電量を推定するためのエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法であって、
前記情報入力点における有効電力と無効電力を短周期で取得し、前記送配電系統の情報入力点の電気的下流側領域における太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を、前記下流側領域における日射量から長周期で取得し、該長周期で取得した太陽光発電による複数の有効電力と無効電力の発電量と前記短周期で取得した有効電力と無効電力から、太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力を算出し、該太陽光発電停止時における有効電力と無効電力の関係を示す負荷特性を導き、前記短周期で取得した有効電力と無効電力とから、前記太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を推定することを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法。 An area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method for estimating the amount of photovoltaic power generation in an electrical downstream region of an information input point of a transmission and distribution system capable of obtaining active power and reactive power,
The active power and reactive power at the information input point are acquired in a short cycle, and the active power and reactive power generated by the solar power generation in the electrical downstream region of the information input point of the transmission and distribution system are obtained in the downstream region. From the amount of solar radiation in the long cycle, from the amount of active power and reactive power generated by the solar power acquired in the long cycle, and from the active power and reactive power acquired in the short cycle, at the time of solar power stop Active power and reactive power are calculated, load characteristics indicating the relationship between active power and reactive power at the time of stopping solar power generation are derived, and active power and reactive power acquired in the short cycle are used to generate effective power from the solar power generation. An area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method characterized by estimating power generation amounts of electric power and reactive power. - 請求項５に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法であって、
前記日射量の情報は、前記下流側領域を複数に分割した小地域ごとの日射量情報であり、前記小地域ごとの太陽光発電の設備容量情報を有し、前記小地域ごとの日射量情報と、前記小地域ごとの太陽光発電の設備容量情報とから前記太陽光発電による有効電力と無効電力の発電量を生成することを特徴とすることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method according to claim 5,
The information on the amount of solar radiation is information on the amount of solar radiation for each small area obtained by dividing the downstream area into a plurality of areas, and includes solar power generation capacity information for each small area, and information on the amount of solar radiation for each small area And generating power generation amount of active power and reactive power from the solar power generation from the installed capacity information of the solar power generation for each small area, Method. - 請求項５または請求項６に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法であって、
前記短周期で取得した無効電力の大きさが第１の値のときに前記負荷特性で定まる有効電力と、前記短周期で取得した有効電力の差を前記太陽光発電による推定値とすることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method according to claim 5 or 6,
The difference between the active power determined by the load characteristic when the magnitude of the reactive power acquired in the short cycle is a first value and the active power acquired in the short cycle is set as an estimated value by the solar power generation. A method for estimating an area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount. - 請求項７に記載のエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法であって、
前記第１の値の無効電力は、前記短周期ＰＱ計測情報取得機能で取得した無効電力を、力率を用いて補正した値であることを特徴とするエリア単位太陽光発電発電量推定方法。 It is an area unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method according to claim 7,
The area-unit photovoltaic power generation amount estimation method, wherein the reactive power of the first value is a value obtained by correcting reactive power acquired by the short cycle PQ measurement information acquisition function using a power factor.
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