WO2016127751A1 - 汽车车速测控方法及系统 - Google Patents

汽车车速测控方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016127751A1
WO2016127751A1 PCT/CN2016/070719 CN2016070719W WO2016127751A1 WO 2016127751 A1 WO2016127751 A1 WO 2016127751A1 CN 2016070719 W CN2016070719 W CN 2016070719W WO 2016127751 A1 WO2016127751 A1 WO 2016127751A1
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gravity
car
center
speed
vehicle
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PCT/CN2016/070719
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘富豪
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盐城工学院
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Priority to US15/319,949 priority Critical patent/US9827995B2/en
Publication of WO2016127751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016127751A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/105Speed
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P11/00Measuring average value of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/109Lateral acceleration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/56Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for comparing two speeds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • B60W2050/143Alarm means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of automobile control, in particular to a method and a system for measuring and controlling an automobile speed which can effectively measure and control a vehicle speed when a vehicle turns.
  • the prior art car is mainly converted into the vehicle speed by measuring the speed of the output shaft of the gearbox, but the speed of the output shaft of the gearbox represents the speed of the wheel of the car.
  • the moving speed of the car wheel is integral with the car.
  • the moving speed is the same, and when the car is turning, the overall trajectory of the car is not consistent with the trajectory of the car driving wheel, so there is an error in replacing the overall speed of the car with the wheel speed of the car.
  • the accuracy requirements of various parameters of automobiles are getting higher and higher, especially when the car is more prone to safety accidents when turning, so the accuracy of the main index of the car is accurate.
  • the requirements are also getting higher and higher in order to achieve precise control of the car's turning state. Therefore, how to accurately measure the speed of the car during cornering and effective control according to the speed of the vehicle, reduce the traffic accident caused by the wrong speed caused by the inaccurate turning speed, and ensure the safety of driving is an increasingly important issue.
  • the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN102662077A is disclosed on February 15, 2012.
  • the vehicle speed measurement and speed limit alarm device is disclosed.
  • the device is composed of a magnetoelectric sensor for measuring the vehicle speed, a single chip microcomputer, a vehicle speed setting module, and an alarm.
  • the unit is composed of the magnetoelectric sensor and the vehicle speed setting module respectively connected to the signal input end of the single chip microcomputer, and the signal output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the alarm unit.
  • the invention detects the wheel speed signal and inputs the single chip by the magnetoelectric sensor, and the single chip computer displays the vehicle speed after calculating the vehicle speed, and displays the speed on the display for different regions. Select the corresponding vehicle speed. When the actual vehicle speed exceeds the set value, perform a voice alarm to increase driving safety.
  • this solution does not consider the problem that the actual speed of the car is inconsistent with the wheel speed when turning, and does not solve the problem of accurate measurement and control of the vehicle speed when the car turns.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the vehicle speed measuring device of the prior art uses the gearbox output shaft speed to calculate the vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed is not high when the vehicle turns, and the control precision is lowered, which is easy to cause a traffic accident, and provides a real-time problem.
  • the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is a method for measuring a vehicle speed, comprising the following steps:
  • the inherent parameters of the vehicle include the wheelbase L of the car and the wheelbase B of the car.
  • the real-time measurement and acquisition are respectively installed on the left front wheel, the right front wheel, the right rear wheel and the left rear wheel axle.
  • the values of the four gravity sensors F 1 , F 2 , F 3 and F 4 measure the left front wheel yaw angle ⁇ 1 and the left front wheel speed v 1 , the right front wheel yaw angle ⁇ 2 and the right front wheel speed v 2 in real time.
  • the distance between the center of gravity G of the car and the axis of the right front wheel and the right rear wheel is a, and the distance between the center of gravity G and the line connecting the two front wheels is b.
  • the vehicle speed at the center of gravity of the car is the average of the left front wheel speed v 1 and the right front wheel speed v 2 .
  • the speed at the center of gravity of the vehicle is calculated based on the steering state of the vehicle and using the left front wheel and the right front wheel respectively.
  • the invention measures the speeds of two front wheels (the translation speed of the wheel relative to the road surface) and the deflection angle in real time by two speed measuring devices and wheel deflection angle measuring devices mounted on the two front wheels of the automobile, and according to the installation in the automobile four
  • the value of the four gravity sensors on the wheel axle, the wheelbase L of the vehicle's inherent parameters (ie the distance between the front and rear axles of the car) and the track distance B (ie the distance between the left and right wheels of the car, usually the same before and after the wheelbase) ) Determine the car's center of gravity G, the car will be left and right
  • the speed at which the front wheels move around the instantaneous center O when the car turns, is converted into the moving speed at the center of gravity of the car.
  • the system is required to ensure that the wheels are purely rolling.
  • the moment of the moment is the same center point around which the wheels are purely rolling, but in fact, the center point around the left front wheel and the right front wheel when the car turns is not.
  • the present invention uses the left front wheel and the right front wheel separately, and the average value of the two car speeds at the center of gravity of the car is taken as the actual traveling speed when the car turns. This is closer to the actual situation and has higher accuracy.
  • the invention Compared with the prior art transmission output shaft speed directly converting the vehicle speed, the invention has higher accuracy in detecting the vehicle speed when the vehicle turns, and can provide more accurate data for the modern smart car or the automated car, thereby realizing More precise and effective control to ensure safe driving.
  • the vehicle speed measured by the method of the present invention is used to determine the mileage of the vehicle, and has higher accuracy.
  • the method of the invention determines the vehicle speed directly according to the average value of the two front wheel speeds when the average value of the yaw angles of the two front wheels of the automobile is less than 2 degrees, so as to avoid calculation difficulty and system cost when the turning radius of the automobile is too large.
  • the front wheel yaw angle is too small, and the difference between the vehicle speed and the wheel speed is small, which will not affect the measurement accuracy.
  • K ⁇ 10 the vehicle speed controller controls the car to reduce the vehicle speed, so that the ratio of the maximum gravity value detected by the four gravity sensors to the minimum gravity value is K ⁇ 5.
  • the invention determines whether the car may fall to one side by detecting the ratio of the gravity maximum value of the four gravity sensors to the minimum value of gravity, and a significant change in the distribution of the weight of the car on the four wheels is a precursor to the possible rollover of the car.
  • the vehicle speed controller is connected with the brake system and the engine system of the vehicle, and the vehicle speed can be reduced intelligently by the brake system and the engine system, and the deceleration measures can be taken in time to effectively prevent the occurrence of such rollover.
  • the invention mainly aims at the vehicle rollover caused by the faster vehicle speed when the car turns, so the ratio of the gravity maximum value to the gravity minimum value in the four gravity sensors is detected only when the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to 8 meters per second.
  • the rollover that occurs when the vehicle speed is slow is usually caused by the car's center of gravity being too high or the road surface is uneven. At this time, the deceleration measures are usually not effective.
  • the vehicle speed controller alarms through an alarm.
  • 10>K ⁇ 5 means that the car has a tendency to move to a certain side, and the alarm is used to alert the insiders of the vehicle that the driver can take appropriate countermeasures;
  • /v G ⁇ 0.1 means The difference between the difference between the center of gravity of the two cars calculated by the left front wheel and the right front wheel and the average of the two speeds is large. This is usually a mechanical failure of the car, so it is necessary to remind the inside of the car. The personnel noticed that, under normal circumstances, the speeds of the center of gravity of the two cars calculated on the basis of the left front wheel and the right front wheel are not much different.
  • a vehicle speed measurement and control system based on the above vehicle speed control method comprising a vehicle speed controller, a wheel declination measuring instrument mounted on two front wheels of the automobile, a gravity sensor mounted on the four wheel axles, and two front wheels mounted on the vehicle
  • the wheel speed measuring instrument, the wheel yaw measuring instrument, the wheel speed measuring instrument and the gravity sensor are all electrically connected to the vehicle speed controller.
  • the wheel declination meter measures the deflection angle of the wheel and sends it to the vehicle speed controller; the wheel speed measuring instrument detects the speed of the wheel and sends it to the vehicle speed controller; the gravity sensor detects the body gravity value and sends it to the vehicle speed controller.
  • the weight of the body structure under the gravity sensor is undetectable, but this part of the weight is a fixed value, and the a and b values can be corrected or ignored.
  • the vehicle speed measurement and control system further comprises an alarm, the alarm is connected to the vehicle speed controller, the alarm comprises an audible alarm and/or a light alarm, the audible alarm is installed in the cab, and the light alarm is installed at On the dashboard.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the automobile speed measuring device of the prior art uses the gearbox output shaft speed to convert the vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed is not high when the vehicle turns, and the control precision is lowered, which is easy to cause a driving accident.
  • the invention can accurately measure the speed of the car when turning, and effectively control the speed of the car to ensure the safety of driving, and has high practical value.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a vehicle speed measurement and control system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is another structural block diagram of the vehicle speed measurement and control system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a parameter of the present invention when the vehicle turns left;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a parameter of the present invention when the vehicle is turning right.
  • an automobile speed measurement and control system includes a vehicle speed controller 1, a wheel declination measuring instrument mounted on two front wheels of the automobile, and a gravity sensor mounted on the four wheel axles. 3.
  • Wheel speed measuring instrument 4 mounted on the two front wheels of the car.
  • Angle gauge wheels are mounted on the left front wheel and right front wheel car, 2 car for measuring the size of the deflection angle ⁇ the deflection angle ⁇ 1 of the left front wheel and right front wheel during cornering; wheel speed measuring instrument, respectively Installed on the left front wheel and right front wheel of the car, it is used to measure the real-time speed v 1 of the left front wheel of the car and the real-time speed v 2 of the right front wheel.
  • the wheel declination measuring instrument, the wheel speed measuring instrument and the gravity sensor are all electrically connected to the vehicle speed controller.
  • the speed controller is connected to the brake system and engine system of the car, and the speed can be reduced by the brake system and the engine system.
  • the gravity sensor mounted on the left front wheel axle has a value of F 1
  • the gravity sensor mounted on the right front wheel axle has a value of F 2
  • the value measured by the gravity sensor mounted on the right rear wheel axle For F 3 , the gravity sensor mounted on the left rear wheel axle measures a value of F 4 .
  • a method for measuring vehicle speed according to the vehicle speed measurement and control system of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the inherent parameters of the vehicle include the wheelbase L of the car and the wheelbase B of the car.
  • the real-time measurement and acquisition are respectively installed on the left front wheel, the right front wheel, the right rear wheel and the left rear wheel axle.
  • the gravity values F 1 , F 2 , F 3 and F 4 of the four gravity sensors measure the left front wheel yaw angle ⁇ 1 and the left front wheel speed v 1 , the right front wheel yaw angle ⁇ 2 and the right front wheel speed v in real time. 2
  • the distance between the center of gravity G of the car and the right front wheel and the right rear wheel axis is a
  • the distance between the center of gravity G and the two front wheel shafts is b.
  • the vehicle speed at the center of gravity of the car is the average of the left front wheel speed v 1 and the right front wheel speed v 2 .
  • the speed at the center of gravity of the vehicle is calculated based on the steering state of the vehicle and using the left front wheel and the right front wheel respectively.
  • the vehicle speed measurement and control system further includes an alarm 5 (see FIG. 2), and the alarm is connected to the vehicle speed controller, and the alarm includes an audible alarm and a light alarm, and the audible alarm is installed in the cab.
  • the light alarm is mounted on the dashboard.
  • the invention measures the speed and the deflection angle of the two front wheels in real time, and determines the center of gravity G of the car according to the values of the four gravity sensors, the wheelbase L of the car and the track distance B, and turns the left and right front wheels of the car into the car.
  • the speed of the movement around the instantaneous center O is converted into the moving speed at the center of gravity of the car.
  • the invention adopts the left front wheel and the right front wheel separately to calculate, and takes the average value of the two car speeds at the center of gravity of the car as the actual traveling speed when the car turns, and has higher accuracy.
  • the invention has higher accuracy in the vehicle speed measured when the vehicle turns, and can provide more accurate data for modern smart cars or automated cars, and Effective control of the car's speed ensures safe driving.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种汽车车速测控方法及系统,通过实时测量两个前轮的速度及偏转角度,同时根据四个轮轴处重力传感器(3)的值、汽车的轴距及轮距确定汽车的重心,将汽车左右两个前轮在汽车转弯时绕瞬心的移动的速度,分别换算成汽车重心处的移动速度,并将汽车重心处两个汽车速度的平均值作为汽车转弯时的实际行驶速度,同时可以根据四个轮子的受力情况控制车速。它有效解决了现有技术的汽车测速装置采用变速箱输出轴转速换算车速,存在汽车转弯时车速准确度不高、导致控制精度降低而易引发行车事故的问题。

Description

汽车车速测控方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车控制领域,尤其是涉及一种可以有效对汽车转弯时的车速进行测控的汽车车速测控方法及系统。
背景技术
现有技术的汽车主要是通过测量变速箱输出轴的转速来换算成汽车车速的,但变速箱输出轴的转速代表汽车车轮的速度,当汽车直线行驶时,汽车车轮的移动速度与汽车整体的移动速度一致,而汽车在转弯时,汽车整体的运动轨迹与汽车驱动轮的轨迹并不一致,因此用汽车的车轮速度来代替汽车整体速度则存在误差。随着现代汽车智能化水平的不断提高,对汽车的各项参数的精确性要求也越来越高,尤其是汽车在转弯时更容易出现发生安全事故,因此对于汽车行驶主要指标车速的精确性要求也越来越高,以便实现对汽车转弯行驶状态的精密控制。因此,如何精确测量汽车在转弯时的速度及根据车速进行有效控制,减少由于转弯时车速不准导致错误判断而引发的行车事故,确保行车安全,是一个日益重要的课题。公开日为2012年2月15日,公开号为CN102662077A的中国专利文献公开了一种车速测量及限速报警装置,该装置由用于测量车速的磁电传感器、单片机、车速设定模块、报警单元组成,所述磁电传感器、车速设定模块分别与单片机的信号输入端连接,单片机的信号输出端与报警单元连接。本发明通过磁电传感器检测车轮转速信号输入单片机,单片机通过对信号进行处理计算出车速后在显示器上显示,对于不同地区可通过车速设定模块 选择对应车速,当实际车速超过设定值后,进行语音报警,增加行车安全性。但该方案没有考虑汽车转弯时的实际速度与车轮速度不一致的问题,没有解决汽车转弯时的汽车车速准确测量及控制问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为解决现有技术的汽车测速装置采用变速箱输出轴转速换算车速,存在汽车转弯时车速准确度不高、导致控制精度降低而易引发行车事故的问题,提供一种可实时准确测量汽车转弯时的速度,并对汽车进行有效控制的汽车车速测控方法及系统。
本发明为解决上述技术问题而采用的具体技术方案是,一种汽车车速测量方法,包括以下步骤:
A、获取四轮汽车的固有参数,汽车固有参数包括汽车的轴距L、汽车的轮距B;实时测量并获取分别安装在左前轮、右前轮、右后轮及左后轮轮轴上的四个重力传感器的值F1、F2、F3及F4,实时测量左前轮偏角θ1和左前轮速度v1,右前轮偏角θ2和右前轮速度v2,汽车重心G与右前轮和右后轮轴心连线的距离为a,重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离为b。
B、计算重心G与异侧前轮和异侧后轮轴心连线的距离a,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000001
C、计算重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离b,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000002
D、测定汽车前轮的偏角及偏转方向,当左右前轮的偏角平均值小于2 度时,汽车重心处的车速按汽车左前轮速度v1与右前轮速度v2的平均值确定;当左右前轮的偏角平均值大于等于2度时,根据汽车转向状态并分别以左前轮和右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度。
E、以左前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG1
①、计算左前轮与瞬心O的距离r1,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000003
②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000004
其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1。
③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000005
④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG1,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000006
F、以右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG2
①、计算右前轮与瞬心O的距离r2,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000007
②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000008
其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1。
③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000009
④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG2,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000010
G、计算汽车转向时的重心处平均车速vG为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000011
本发明通过安装在汽车两个前轮上的两个速度测量装置及车轮偏转角度测量装置实时测量两个前轮的速度(车轮相对于路面的平移速度)及偏转角度,同时根据安装在汽车四个轮子轮轴上的四个重力传感器的值、汽车的固有参数轴距L(即汽车前后两轴之间的距离)及轮距B(即汽车左右两轮之间的距离,通常前后轮距相同)确定汽车的重心G,将汽车左右两个 前轮在汽车转弯时绕瞬心O的移动的速度,分别换算成汽车重心处的移动速度。汽车转弯时要求系统保证各车轮作纯滚动,这里的瞬心就是各车轮作纯滚动时所围绕的同一中心点,但实际上汽车转弯时左前轮与右前轮所围绕的中心点并不是同一个点,即可能出现具有两个瞬心的情况,因此本发明采用左前轮与右前轮分开计算,并将汽车重心处两个汽车速度的平均值作为汽车转弯时的实际行驶速度,这样更接近于实际情况,并具有更高的准确性。与现有技术的变速箱输出轴转速直接换算车速相比,本发明在汽车转弯时所测的车速具有更高的准确性,可以为现代的智能汽车或自动化汽车提供更准确的数据,从而实现更精确更有效的控制,确保行车安全。另外,用本发明方法所测的车速来确定汽车行驶里程,也具有更高的准确性。
本发明的方法在汽车两个前轮的偏角平均值小于2度时直接按两个前轮速度的平均值确定车速,这样可以避免当汽车转弯半径太大时造成计算困难,降低系统成本,同时前轮偏角过小时其车速与轮速相差很小,不会影响测量精度。
一种基于上述车速测量方法的车速控制方法,当汽车车速vG≥8m/s时,计算四个重力传感器中的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K,即K=Fmax/Fmin,当K≥10时,车速控制器控制汽车降低车速,使四个重力传感器检测到的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K<5。本发明通过检测四个重力传感器的重力最大值与重力最小值之比来判断汽车是否可能向一侧翻倒,汽车重量在四个轮子上的分配出现重大变化是汽车可能出现侧翻的 前兆,车速控制器与汽车的刹车系统和发动机系统连接,可以通过刹车系统和发动机系统智能降低车速,及时采取减速措施可以有效防止这种侧翻的发生。本发明主要是针对汽车转弯时车速较快而引起的汽车侧翻,因此仅在车速大于等于8米每秒时才检测四个重力传感器中的重力最大值与重力最小值之比。而车速较慢时发生的侧翻通常是汽车重心过高或路面不平引起,此时采取减速措施通常效果不佳。
作为优选,当10>K≥5或|vG1-vG2|/vG≥0.1时,车速控制器通过报警器报警。其中10>K≥5代表汽车具有向某一侧运动的趋势,通过报警器提醒车内人员注意,驾驶员可以采取适当的应对措施;而|vG1-vG2|/vG≥0.1表示以左前轮及右前轮为基准分别计算的两个汽车重心速度之间的差值与这两个速度平均值之比相差较大,这种情况通常是汽车存在机械故障,因此需要提醒车内人员注意,因为在正常情况下,以左前轮及右前轮为基准分别计算的两个汽车重心速度相差不大。
一种基于上述车速控制方法的车速测控系统,包括车速控制器、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮偏角测量仪、安装在四个车轮轮轴上的重力传感器、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮速度测量仪,所述车轮偏角测量仪、车轮速度测量仪及重力传感器均与车速控制器电连接。
车轮偏角测量仪测量车轮的偏转角并发送到车速控制器;车轮速度测量仪检测车轮的速度并发送到车速控制器;重力传感器检测车身重力值并发送到车速控制器。重力传感器下方的车身结构的重量是检测不到的,但是这部分重量属于固定值,可以对a和b值进行修正,也可以忽略不计。
作为优选,车速测控系统还包括报警器,报警器连接车速控制器,所述报警器包括声音报警器和/或灯光报警器,所述声音报警器安装在驾驶室内,所述灯光报警器安装在仪表板上。
本发明的有益效果是,它有效地解决了现有技术的汽车测速装置采用变速箱输出轴转速换算车速,存在汽车转弯时车速准确度不高、导致控制精度降低而易引发行车事故的问题,本发明可实时准确测量汽车转弯时的速度,并对汽车速度进行有效的控制,确保行车安全,具有很高的实用价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明汽车车速测控系统的一种结构框图;
图2是本发明汽车车速测控系统的另一种结构框图;
图3是本发明在汽车左转弯时的一种参数示意图;
图4是本发明在汽车右转弯时的一种参数示意图。
图中:1.车速控制器,2.车轮偏角测量仪,3.重力传感器,4.车轮速度测量仪,5.报警器。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
实施例1
在如图1所示实施例1中,一种汽车车速测控系统,包括车速控制器1、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮偏角测量仪2、安装在四个车轮轮轴上的重力 传感器3、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮速度测量仪4。车轮偏角测量仪分别安装在汽车左前轮及右前轮上,用于测量汽车在转弯过程中左前轮的偏转角θ1及右前轮的偏转角θ2大小;车轮速度测量仪分别安装在汽车左前轮及右前轮上,用于测量汽车左前轮的实时速度v1及右前轮的实时速度v2,重力传感器有四个,分别安装在四个车轮轮轴上,用于测量四个车轮轮轴所受的重力或压力。车轮偏角测量仪、车轮速度测量仪及重力传感器均与车速控制器电连接。车速控制器与汽车的刹车系统和发动机系统连接,可以通过刹车系统和发动机系统智能降低车速。安装在左前轮轮轴上的重力传感器测得的值为F1,安装在右前轮轮轴上的重力传感器测得的值为F2,安装在右后轮轮轴上的重力传感器测得的值为F3,安装在左后轮轮轴上的重力传感器测得的值为F4
本发明汽车车速测控系统的一种汽车车速测量方法,包括以下步骤:
A、获取四轮汽车的固有参数,汽车固有参数包括汽车的轴距L、汽车的轮距B;实时测量并获取分别安装在左前轮、右前轮、右后轮及左后轮轮轴上的四个重力传感器的重力值F1、F2、F3及F4,实时测量左前轮偏角θ1和左前轮速度v1,右前轮偏角θ2和右前轮速度v2,汽车重心G与右前轮和右后轮轴心连线的距离为a,重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离为b。
B、计算重心G与异侧前轮和异侧后轮轴心连线的距离a,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000012
C、计算重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离b,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000013
D、测定汽车前轮的偏角及偏转方向,当左右前轮的偏角平均值小于2度时,汽车重心处的车速按汽车左前轮速度v1与右前轮速度v2的平均值确定;当左右前轮的偏角平均值大于等于2度时,根据汽车转向状态并分别以左前轮和右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度。
E、以左前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG1
①、计算左前轮与瞬心O的距离r1,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000014
②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000015
其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1。
③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000016
④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG1,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000017
F、以右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG2
①、计算右前轮与瞬心O的距离r2,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000018
②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000019
其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1。
③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000020
④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG2,计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000021
G、计算汽车转向时的重心处平均车速vG为:
Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-000022
一种基于上述汽车车速测量方法的汽车车速控制方法,当汽车车速vG≥8m/s时,计算四个重力传感器中的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K,即K=Fmax/Fmin,当K≥10时,车速控制器控制汽车降低车速,使四个重力传感器检测到的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K<5。
实施例2
在实施例2中,汽车车速测控系统还包括报警器5(见图2),报警器连接车速控制器,所述报警器包括声音报警器和灯光报警器,所述声音报警器安装在驾驶室内,所述灯光报警器安装在仪表板上。
在实施例2中,当汽车车速vG≥8m/s时,计算四个重力传感器中的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K,即K=Fmax/Fmin,当10>K≥5或|vG1-vG2|/vG≥0.1时,车速控制器通过报警器报警,其余和实施例1相同。
本发明通过实时测量两个前轮的速度及偏转角度,同时根据四个重力传感器的值、汽车的轴距L及轮距B确定汽车的重心G,将汽车左右两个前轮在汽车转弯时绕瞬心O的移动的速度,分别换算成汽车重心处的移动速度。本发明采用左前轮与右前轮分开计算,并将汽车重心处两个汽车速度的平均值作为汽车转弯时的实际行驶速度,具有更高的准确性。与现有技术的变速箱输出轴转速直接换算车速相比,本发明在汽车转弯时所测的车速具有更高的准确性,可以为现代的智能汽车或自动化汽车提供更准确的数据,并对汽车速度进行有效的控制,可以确保行车安全。
除上述实施例外,在本发明的权利要求书及说明书所公开的范围内,本发明的技术特征或技术数据可以进行重新选择及组合,从而构成新的实施方式,这些本发明没有详细描述的实施方式是本领域技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以轻易实现的,因此这些未详细描述的实施方式也应视为本发明的具体实施例而在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种汽车车速测量方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    A、获取四轮汽车的固有参数,汽车固有参数包括汽车的轴距L、汽车的轮距B;实时测量并获取分别安装在左前轮、右前轮、右后轮及左后轮轮轴上的四个重力传感器的重力值F1、F2、F3及F4,实时测量左前轮偏角θ1和左前轮速度v1,右前轮偏角θ2和右前轮速度v2,汽车重心G与右前轮和右后轮轴心连线的距离为a,重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离为b;
    B、计算重心G与异侧前轮和异侧后轮轴心连线的距离a,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100001
    C、计算重心G与两个前轮轴心连线的距离b,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100002
    D、测定汽车前轮的偏角及偏转方向,当左右前轮的偏角平均值小于2度时,汽车重心处的车速按汽车左前轮速度v1与右前轮速度v2的平均值确定;当左右前轮的偏角平均值大于等于2度时,根据汽车转向状态并分别以左前轮和右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度;
    E、以左前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG1
    ①、计算左前轮与瞬心O的距离r1,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100003
    ②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100004
    其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1;
    ③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100005
    ④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG1,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100006
    F、以右前轮为基准计算汽车重心处的速度vG2
    ①、计算右前轮与瞬心O的距离r2,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100007
    ②、计算汽车重心G、瞬心O与后轮轴心线之间形成的重心角θG,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100008
    其中汽车左转时,i=1,汽车右转时,i=-1;
    ③、计算瞬心O与重心G的距离rG,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100009
    ④、计算汽车重心处的速度vG2,计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100010
    G、计算汽车转向时的重心处平均车速vG为:
    Figure PCTCN2016070719-appb-100011
  2. 一种基于权利要求1所述车速测量方法的车速控制方法,其特征是,当汽车车速vG≥8m/S时,计算四个重力传感器中的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K,即K=Fmax/Fmin,当K≥10时,车速控制器控制汽车降低车速,使四个重力传感器检测到的重力最大值与重力最小值之比K<5。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车速控制方法,其特征是,当10>K≥5或|vG1-vG2|/vG≥0.1时,车速控制器通过报警器报警。
  4. 一种基于权利要求2所述车速控制方法的车速测控系统,其特征在于,包括车速控制器(1)、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮偏角测量仪(2)、安装在四个车轮轮轴上的重力传感器(3)、安装在汽车两个前轮上的车轮速度测量仪(4),所述车轮偏角测量仪(2)、车轮速度测量仪(4)及重力传感器(3)均与车速控制器(1)电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车速测控系统,其特征在于,车速测控系统还包括报警器(5),报警器(5)连接车速控制器(1),所述报警器(5)包括声音报警器和/或灯光报警器,所述声音报警器安装在驾驶室内,所述灯光报警器安装在仪表板上。
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