WO2016127674A1 - 一种混合式加热设备及其应用 - Google Patents

一种混合式加热设备及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2016127674A1
WO2016127674A1 PCT/CN2015/093996 CN2015093996W WO2016127674A1 WO 2016127674 A1 WO2016127674 A1 WO 2016127674A1 CN 2015093996 W CN2015093996 W CN 2015093996W WO 2016127674 A1 WO2016127674 A1 WO 2016127674A1
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cylinder
heating
outer cylinder
wall
gas
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PCT/CN2015/093996
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贲道春
王复光
陈京
周龙
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江苏鹏飞集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016127674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016127674A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/06—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal heating flues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal

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  • the invention relates to a heating device, in particular to a hybrid heating device and its use.
  • Blue charcoal also known as blue charcoal and coke breeze, is made from high-quality jurassic coal briquettes produced in Shenfu, Yulin and Dongsheng coal fields.
  • the structure is blocky, the particle size is generally above 3mm, and the color is light black. It has the characteristics of high fixed carbon, high specific resistance, high chemical activity, low ash content, low aluminum, low sulfur and low phosphorus. It can be widely used in calcium carbide, metal silicon, instead of metallurgical coke, smokeless block and charcoal. Production of ferroalloys, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, silicomanganese, silicon carbide, fertilizers and other products.
  • the heating equipment used in the existing blue carbon in China mainly includes an internal heating type vertical furnace, an external heating type rotary furnace, a fluidized bed and the like.
  • the internal heat type vertical furnace is a vertical furnace, which is fixed and filled with materials, and the hot flue gas enters the upper side from the lower side to complete the heating of the blue carbon.
  • the internal thermal vertical furnace mainly has the following technical problems:
  • the external thermal rotary kiln is a horizontal rotary kiln, and the heating cover, the transmission device and the supporting member are added to the cylinder, and the heating is realized by the rotation, but the external heating rotary kiln has the following problems;
  • the internal temperature of the 2 cylinders is as high as five or six hundred degrees.
  • the transmission device and the supporting components are all directly in contact with each other.
  • the thermal deformation of the heating cylinder is large, the components are easily damaged, and the heat radiation is also large, and the requirements for components such as the transmission and the supporting components are also high;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a device and a processing technology for a hybrid preparation of blue carbon having high pyrolysis efficiency, less coking and clogging at the feed end, and long service life.
  • the utility model relates to a hybrid heating device, which comprises a three-layer cylinder structure consisting of an outer cylinder (1), a heating cylinder (4) and a return slag cylinder (5) from the outside to the inside, and the outer cylinder (1) acts as a flue gas passage.
  • Hot flue gas providing heat to the heating cylinder (4); heating cylinder (4) as a dry distillation zone, taking raw materials and blue carbon; returning slag cylinder (5) to return the returning blue charcoal;
  • both ends of the heating cylinder (4) extend axially to the outside of the outer cylinder (1), the axial length of the outer cylinder (1) is greater than the axial length of the return slag cylinder (5), The heating cylinder (4) is all placed in the outer cylinder (1), which minimizes heat loss and improves thermal efficiency;
  • the outer cylinder (1) is supported by a support device (12) and driven to rotate by a transmission device (11); a first support member is disposed between an inner wall of the outer cylinder (1) and an outer wall of the heating cylinder (4) (3) a second support member (6) is disposed between the inner wall of the heating cylinder (4) and the outer wall of the return slag cartridge (5), since the temperature of the outer cylinder (1) and the heating cylinder (4) is different The temperature of the heating cylinder (4) and the returning slag cylinder (5) are different, the radial thermal deformation and the axial thermal deformation are different, and the first support member (3) and the second support member (6) are elastic members. Can offset some of this thermal deformation;
  • An air inlet cover (17) and an air outlet cover (7) are respectively disposed at two ends of the outer cylinder (1), and the air inlet cover (17) is connected to a heating furnace (13) through a flange, and the heating furnace (13) Upper flange Connected with a burner (18), the hot flue gas is supplied into the heating furnace (13) by the burner (18), enters the outer cylinder (1) through the inlet hood (17), and is discharged through the venting hood (7);
  • One end of the heating cylinder (4) is connected to the feed lock device (8) through a third support member (18), and the feed lock device (8) is externally connected with a feed cover (9) for The other end of the heating cylinder (4) is connected to the discharge air lock device (15), and the discharge air lock device (15) is externally connected with a discharge cover (14) for discharging; the heating The end of the cylinder (4) for discharging is provided with a gas outlet (16) for discharging gas;
  • One end of the return slag cartridge (5) is flush with one end of the heating cylinder (4) for feeding; the other end of the return slag cartridge (5) is provided with a slag returning device (10), after heating A part of blue carbon enters the return slag tank (5) through the return slag device (10) as a heat carrier and returns to the feed end to mix with the raw materials, thereby increasing the heating rate of the raw materials, avoiding coking blockage at the feed end, improving the pyrolysis efficiency, and the other part is passed out.
  • the material locking device (15) is discharged from the discharging cover (14), and is returned as a heat carrier to the feeding end to mix with the raw materials, thereby increasing the heating rate of the raw materials, avoiding coking blockage at the feeding end, and improving the pyrolysis efficiency.
  • the inner wall of the outer cylinder (1) is provided with a heat insulating material layer (2), which not only reduces heat loss, but also reduces the temperature of the outer surface of the outer cylinder (1), and reduces the support device (12) and the transmission device (11). Heat burden, improve safe operation rate.
  • the slag returning device (10) is a scoop.
  • the blue carbon sputum in the heating cylinder (4) is smashed into the slag slag cylinder (5).
  • the scoop has a simple structure, convenient manufacture and high use efficiency. It can greatly improve the speed at which the blue charcoal returns to the feed end through the return slag cartridge (5), further improving the pyrolysis efficiency.
  • the heating cylinder (4) and the return slag cylinder (5) are respectively provided with a spiral guiding device because the outer cylinder (1), the heating cylinder (4) and the returning slag cylinder (5) are simultaneously operated Rotating, through the spiral guiding device, and the spiral guiding device is a series of blades, which rotates while advancing under the action of the blade, speeding up the feeding and discharging speed, and avoiding the blockage of the raw material at the discharge end.
  • the hybrid heating device further includes a feed cover (9) connected to the feed lock device (8), and a discharge cover (14) connected to the discharge lock device (15) .
  • a feed cover (9) connected to the feed lock device (8)
  • a discharge cover (14) connected to the discharge lock device (15) .
  • the air lock device has an annular passage with a ball inside, and is sealed by a ball seal and a material seal. Sealing, as a preferred solution, the feed air lock device (8) and the discharge air lock device (15) are ball seal air lock devices.
  • hot flue gas is fed into the heating furnace (13) by the burner (18), and enters the outer cylinder (1) through the inlet hood (17);
  • the blue carbon is passed through the return slag device (10) into the return slag cartridge (5) as a heat carrier for recycling, and the other portion is discharged from the discharge hood (14) through the discharge lock device (15). Further treatment; the gas generated after heating is discharged through the gas outlet (16), enters the gas processing system, and is condensed and recovered.
  • the hot flue gas is combustible.
  • the hot flue gas is coal tar or gas, which can be purchased commercially or can be produced by the company itself, and the obtained blue charcoal can also be used as a flue gas heat source.
  • the invention heats the hot flue gas through the outer cylinder (1), and the heating zone of the heating cylinder (4) is all placed in the high temperature flue gas passage, thereby minimizing heat loss and improving thermal efficiency;
  • the inner wall of the outer cylinder (1) is provided with a layer of insulating material material (2), which not only reduces the heat loss, but also reduces the temperature of the outer surface of the outer cylinder (1), and reduces the support device (12) and the transmission device (11).
  • the heat burden increases the safe operation rate;
  • a return slag cartridge (5) and a slag returning device (10) are provided, and the blue charcoal after heating the raw material is returned as a heat carrier through the return slag cartridge (5) and the slag returning device (10) to the feeding end,
  • the raw materials are mixed again.
  • the blue carbon can be used as a heat source to provide heat for the raw materials, the amount of hot flue gas required is reduced, and the thermal efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the blue carbon is mixed as a heat carrier and the raw materials to accelerate the heat exchange efficiency. Avoid raw material jam at the feed port;
  • the preparation method does not require the quality of the raw materials, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the raw materials
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first support member and a second support member
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the feed air lock device and the discharge air lock device.
  • a hybrid heating device comprises, in order from the outside to the inside, a three-layer cylinder structure composed of an outer cylinder 1, a heating cylinder 4 and a return slag cylinder 5, wherein the two ends of the heating cylinder 4 are axially arranged.
  • the axial length of the outer cylinder 1 is greater than the axial length of the return slag cylinder 5; one end of the return slag cylinder 5 is flush with one end of the heating cylinder 4 for feeding Flat; the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 is provided with a layer 2 of thermal insulation material;
  • the outer cylinder 1 is supported by the support device 12 and driven to rotate by the transmission device 11;
  • a support member 3 and a second support member 6 may have the same structure, and the specific structure is as shown in FIG. 4;
  • the fixing pier 62 is welded on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 61
  • the pulling plate 63 is welded on both sides of the fixing pier 62
  • the rib 64 is vertically welded on the pulling plate 63
  • one end of the T-shaped plate 65 is vertically welded on the pulling plate 123, and the other end is Welding to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 66.
  • An air inlet cover 17 and an air outlet cover 7 are respectively disposed at two ends of the outer tube 1.
  • the air inlet cover 17 is connected to the heating furnace 13 through a flange.
  • the heating furnace 13 is flanged with a burner 18. image 3;
  • One end of the heating cylinder 4 is connected to the feed air lock device 8 through the third support member 18.
  • the feed lock device 8 is externally connected with a feed cover 9; the other end of the heating cylinder 4 Connected to the discharge air lock device 15, the discharge air lock device 15 is externally connected with a discharge cover 14; the feed air lock device 8 and the discharge air lock device 15 are all ball seal air lock devices, and the specific structure is as follows: Figure 5 shows.
  • the ball sealing air device comprises a rotating shaft 2, a ball valve housing 3 and a plurality of spiral blades fixed on the rotating shaft 2, wherein the ball valve housing 3 is provided with a ball valve 4, wherein two adjacent spiral blades A spiral passage is formed between the sheets, and the ball valve housing 3 is fixed between the adjacent two spiral blades along the spiral passage.
  • the heating cylinder 4 is provided with a gas outlet 16 at one end for discharging gas, and the other end of the returning slag cylinder 5 is provided with a scoop as the slag returning device 10.
  • the scoop can be multiple, It can be welded uniformly to the other end of the return slag drum 5.
  • the heating cylinder 4 and the return slag cylinder 5 are each provided with a spiral guiding device, and the spiral guiding device is composed of a series of spiral blades.
  • the invention is specifically used in the following manner: the outer cylinder 1 and the heating cylinder 4 are driven by the transmission device 10, and the return slag cylinder 5 is simultaneously rotated, and the hot flue gas is supplied into the heating furnace 13 by the burner 18, and enters through the intake hood 17.
  • the cylinder 1, the hot flue gas passes through the outer cylinder 1, and is used to supply heat to the heating cylinder 4, and the heated flue gas is discharged from the air outlet cover 7;
  • the raw material to be heated is fed into the feed hood 9 through the hoist, enters the heating cylinder 4 through the feed lock device 8, and is heated at 600 ° C for 1 hour in the heating cylinder 4;
  • the spoon enters the return slag cartridge 5 as a heat carrier for recycling, and the other portion is discharged from the discharge hood 14 through the discharge lock device 15 for further processing; the gas generated after heating is discharged through the gas outlet 16 and enters the gas treatment system for condensation recovery.
  • the hot flue gas is a product obtained by condensing gas generated after heating, generally coal tar or gas.
  • Heating the blue carbon with the device of the invention does not require the quality of the blue carbon, and the blue carbon particle size is guaranteed by the crusher, which is basically 100% utilization, unlike the internal heat type vertical furnace, the diameter of the coal block is required to be 30. To 80 mm;
  • the calorific value of the obtained gas is increased by 30%, the content of hydrogen and methane is also increased by 50%, and the nitrogen content is reduced by 40%, satisfying the chemical industry.
  • the best conditions for use fully apply it to production and life, energy saving and environmental protection;
  • This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment. The difference is that the raw material is heated at 650 ° C for 1 hour in the heating cylinder. After heating the blue carbon using the equipment, the heat value of the gas obtained is improved compared with the heating of the blue carbon by the internal heat vertical furnace. 33%, the content of hydrogen and methane is also increased by 60%, and the nitrogen content is reduced by 50%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种加热设备，尤其是一种混合式加热设备及其应用。所述设备从外到内依次包括由外筒(1)、加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)组成的三层筒结构；所述外筒(1)通过支承装置(12)支撑，并由传动装置(11)驱动旋转；所述外筒(1)的内壁与加热筒(4)的外壁之间设有第一支撑件(3)，所述加热筒(4)的内壁与返渣筒(5)的外壁之间设有第二支撑件(6)；所述外筒(1)两端分别设有进气罩(17)和出气罩(7)，所述进气罩(17)通过法兰连接有加热炉(13)，所述加热炉(13)上法兰连接有燃烧器(18)；所述加热筒(4)一端与进料锁风装置(8)连接，所述加热筒(4)另一端与出料锁风装置(15)连接。

Description

一种混合式加热设备及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种加热设备，尤其是一种混合式加热设备及其应用。
背景技术
兰炭，又称兰炭、焦粉，是利用神府、榆林、东胜煤田盛产的优质侏罗精煤块烧制而成的，结构为块状，粒度一般在3mm以上，颜色呈浅黑色，其具有固定炭高、比电阻高、化学活性高、含灰份低、铝低、硫低、磷低的特性，可代替冶金焦、无烟块和木炭而广泛运用于电石、金属硅、铁合金、硅铁、铬铁、硅锰、碳化硅、化肥等产品的生产中。目前我国现有的兰炭所采用的加热设备主要有内热式直立炉、外热式回转炉、流化床等。
内热式直立炉是一个立式炉，是固定不动的，里面堆满物料，热烟气从下边进入上边出去，从而完成对兰炭的加热。内热式直立炉主要存在以下技术问题：
①原料问题：目前通用的兰炭炉用30至80毫米的块煤，实际煤矿生产中，这样的块煤只有30％到40％，将面临原料供应问题；
②煤气质量问题：由于工艺原因，煤气热值较低，含氢气、甲烷较低，氮气含量过高，达不到化工利用最佳条件，只能当燃料；
③焦油回收率偏低，现在只能达到6％。
外热式回转炉是卧式回转炉，筒外加加热罩、传动装置和支承部件等，通过旋转实现加热，但是外热式回转炉存在以下问题；
①热量完全通过筒壁传递给物料，热效率低；
②筒内部温度高达五六百度，传动装置和支承部件全部直接接触在加热筒上热变形大，部件易损坏；而且热辐射也大，对传动和支承部件等部件要求也较高；
③筒完全裸露在外界无法做保温，造成热损失大；
④采用螺旋喂料机喂料，物料进去后温度升的慢，进料端容易结焦堵塞。
流化床热解工艺目前尚在试验阶段，无成功大规模工业化应用的先例。有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种热解效率高、进料端不易结焦堵塞、使用寿命长的混合式制备兰炭的设备及加工工艺。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用技术方案的基本构思是：
一种混合式加热设备，从外到内依次包括由外筒(1)、加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)组成的三层筒结构，外筒(1)作为烟气通道，通热烟气，给加热筒(4)提供热量；加热筒(4)内作为干馏区，走原料和兰炭；返渣筒(5)走返回的兰炭；
其中，所述加热筒(4)的两端轴向延伸到外筒(1)外，所述外筒(1)的轴向长度大于所述返渣筒(5)的轴向长度，所述加热筒(4)全部置于外筒(1)内，最大限度的减少了热量损失，提高了热效率；
所述外筒(1)通过支承装置(12)支撑，并由传动装置(11)驱动旋转；所述外筒(1)的内壁与加热筒(4)的外壁之间设有第一支撑件(3)，所述加热筒(4)的内壁与返渣筒(5)的外壁之间设有第二支撑件(6)，由于外筒(1)与加热筒(4)的温度不一样，加热筒(4)与返渣筒(5)的温度不一样，径向热变形和轴向热变形都不一样，第一支撑件(3)和第二支撑件(6)为弹性部件，可以抵消一部分这种热变形；
所述外筒(1)两端分别设有进气罩(17)和出气罩(7)，所述进气罩(17)通过法兰连接有加热炉(13)，所述加热炉(13)上法兰连 接有燃烧器(18)，热烟气由燃烧器(18)供入加热炉(13)内，经进气罩(17)进入外筒(1)，后经出气罩(7)排出处理；
所述加热筒(4)一端通过第三支撑部件(18)与进料锁风装置(8)连接，所述进料锁风装置(8)外连接有进料罩(9)，用于进料；所述加热筒(4)另一端与出料锁风装置(15)连接，所述出料锁风装置(15)外连接有出料罩(14)，用于出料；所述加热筒(4)用于出料的一端设有煤气出口(16)，用于出煤气；
所述返渣筒(5)的一端与所述加热筒(4)用于进料的一端齐平；所述返渣筒(5)的另一端设有返渣装置(10)，加热后的兰炭一部分通过返渣装置(10)进入返渣筒(5)作为热载体返回到进料端与原料混合，提高原料升温速度，避免进料端结焦堵塞，提高热解效率，另一部分通过出料锁风装置(15)从出料罩(14)排出，作为热载体返回到进料端与原料混合，提高原料升温速度，避免进料端结焦堵塞，提高热解效率。进一步的，所述外筒(1)内壁设有保温材料层(2)，这样不但减少热量损失，而且降低外筒(1)外表面温度，减轻支承装置(12)和传动装置(11)的热负担，提高安全运转率。
作为优先方案，所述返渣装置(10)为料勺，旋转时把加热筒(4)内的兰炭舀到返渣筒(5)里，料勺结构简单、制作方便、使用效率高，能大大提高兰炭通过返渣筒(5)返回进料端的速度，进一步提高了热解效率。
进一步的，所述加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)内部均设有螺旋导料装置，因为所述外筒(1)、加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)工作时同时旋转，通过螺旋导料装置，而螺旋导料装置是一系类的叶片，在叶片作用下边旋转边前进，加快了进料出料速度，同时避免了原料在出料端的堵塞。
进一步的，所述混合式加热设备还包括与所述进料锁风装置(8)连接的进料罩(9)，与所述出料锁风装置(15)连接的出料罩(14)。因为原料在加热筒内加热后有煤气之类的可燃气体，不能进氧气，所以需要设定锁风装置，所述锁风装置结构为一个环形通道，里面有球，通过球封和料封进行密封，作为优先方案，所述进料锁风装置(8)、出料锁风装置(15)为球封锁风装置。
如上所述的混合式加热设备在制备兰炭方面的应用，尤其是制备兰炭的方法，具体包括如下步骤：
1)热烟气由燃烧器(18)供入加热炉(13)内，经进气罩(17)进入外筒(1)；
2)原料喂入进料罩(9)，经进料锁风装置(8)进入加热筒(4)；
3)原料在加热筒(4)内600-650℃加热1小时；
4)加热后的产物兰炭一部分通过返渣装置(10)进入返渣筒(5)作为热载体循环使用，另一部分通过出料锁风装置(15)从出料罩(14)排出，作进一步处理；加热后产生的煤气经煤气出口(16)排出，进入煤气处理系统，冷凝回收。
优选的，所述热烟气为可燃物。进一步的，所述热烟气为煤焦油或者煤气，可以市购也可以为本公司自己生产，同时也可以将得到的兰炭作为烟气热源。采用上述技术方案后，本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明靠热烟气通过外筒(1)筒壁传热，加热筒(4)加热区全部置于高温烟气通道内，最大限度的减少热量损失，提高热效率；
(2)传动装置(11)和支承装置(12)的部分与外筒(1)接触，接触面积小，受热部分小，减少了传动装置(11)和支承装置(12)的损坏，延长了使用寿命；
(3)在外筒(1)内壁设有保温材料材料层(2)，不但减少了热量损失，而且降低外筒(1)外表面温度，减轻了支承装置(12)和传动装置(11)的热负担，提高了安全运转率；
(4)设有返渣筒(5)和返渣装置(10)，将加热原料之后的兰炭作为热载体通过返渣筒(5)和返渣装置(10)返回到进料端，与原料再次混合，一方面充分利用了兰炭可以作为热源为原料提供热量，减少了所需热烟气的用量，提高了热效率；另一方面兰炭作为热载体与原料混合，加速热交换效率，避免原料在进料端口结焦堵塞；
(5)所述制备方法对原料的质量没有要求，大大提高了原料的利用率；
(6)焦油回收率也到了提高；
(7)得到的煤气质量也高。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的主视图；
图2为本发明实施例的侧视图；
图3为图1中A-A面的剖视图；
图4为第一支撑件、第二支撑件的结构示意图；
图5为进料锁风装置、出料锁风装置的结构示意图。图中：1外筒，2保温材料层，3第一支撑件，4加热筒，5返渣筒，6第二支撑件，7出气罩，8进料锁风装置，9进料罩，10返渣装置，11传动装置，12支承装置，13加热炉，14出料罩，15出料锁风装置，16煤气出口，17进气罩，18燃烧器，19-第三支撑件，61-外筒体，62-固定墩，63-拉板，64-肋板，65-T形板，66-内筒体，82-转轴，83-球阀箱体，84-球阀
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明，以助于理解本发明的内容。
实施例1：
如图1所示，一种混合式加热设备，从外到内依次包括由外筒1、加热筒4、返渣筒5组成的三层筒结构，其中，所述加热筒4的两端轴向延伸到外筒1外，所述外筒1的轴向长度大于所述返渣筒5的轴向长度；所述返渣筒5的一端与所述加热筒4用于进料的一端齐平；所述外筒1内壁设有保温材料层2；
所述外筒1通过支承装置12支撑，并由传动装置11驱动旋转；
所述外筒1的内壁与加热筒4的外壁之间设有第一支撑件3，所述加热筒4的内壁与返渣筒5的外壁之间设有第二支撑件6，所述第一支撑件3和第二支撑件6结构可以相同，具体结构如图4所示；
其中：固定墩62焊接在外筒体61内壁上，拉板63焊接在固定墩62两侧，肋板64垂直焊接在拉板63上，T形板65一端垂直焊接在拉板123上，另一端与内筒体66外壁焊接。
所述外筒1两端分别设有进气罩17和出气罩7，所述进气罩17通过法兰连接有加热炉13，所述加热炉13上法兰连接有燃烧器18，具体见图3；
所述加热筒4一端通过第三支撑部件18与进料锁风装置8连接，具体可以见图2，所述进料锁风装置8外连接有进料罩9；所述加热筒4另一端与出料锁风装置15连接，所述出料锁风装置15外连接有出料罩14；所述进料锁风装置8、出料锁风装置15均为球封锁风装置，具体结构如图5所示。
所述球封锁风装置包括转轴2、球阀箱体3和多个固定在转轴2上的螺旋叶片，所说的球阀箱体3内设有球阀4，其中相邻的两个螺旋叶 片之间形成螺旋通道，所说的球阀箱体3沿螺旋通道固定在相邻的两个螺旋叶片之间。
所述加热筒4用于出料的一端设有煤气出口16，用于出煤气；所述返渣筒5的另一端设有料勺作为返渣装置10，所述料勺可以为多个，也可以均匀的焊接在返渣筒5的另一端。
所述加热筒4、返渣筒5内部均设有螺旋导料装置，所述螺旋导料装置由一系列的螺旋叶片组成。
本发明在具体使用时如下：用传动装置10驱动外筒1、加热筒4，返渣筒5同时旋转，同时热烟气由燃烧器18供入加热炉13内，经进气罩17进入外筒1，热烟气在外筒1内通过，用来给加热筒4提供热量，加热后的烟气从出气罩7出去；
通烟气后将要加热的原料通过提升机喂入进料罩9，经进料锁风装置8进入加热筒4，在加热筒4内600℃加热1小时；加热后的产物兰炭一部分通过料勺进入返渣筒5作为热载体循环使用，另一部分通过出料锁风装置15从出料罩14排出，作进一步处理；加热后产生的煤气经煤气出口16排出，进入煤气处理系统，冷凝回收，所述热烟气为加热后产生的煤气经冷凝后的产物，一般为煤焦油或者煤气。
用本发明所述的装置加热兰炭，对兰炭的质量没有要求，而兰炭粒度由破碎机保证，基本上是100％利用，不像内热式直立炉那样，需要煤块的直径在30至80毫米；
其次，由于改变了加热方法，与用内热式直立炉加热兰炭相比，得到的煤气热值提升了30％，氢气、甲烷的含量也提高了50％，氮气含量降低了40％，满足化工利用的最佳条件，将其充分的运用到生产生活中，节能环保；
最后，采用以上的制备方法后焦油回收率达到19％。
实施例2：
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同的是原料在加热筒内650℃加热1小时，使用此设备加热兰炭后，与用内热式直立炉加热兰炭相比，得到的煤气热值提升了33％，氢气、甲烷的含量也提高了60％，氮气含量降低了50％，
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混合式加热设备，其特征在于，从外到内依次包括由外筒(1)、加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)组成的三层筒结构，其中，所述加热筒(4)的两端轴向延伸到外筒(1)外，所述外筒(1)的轴向长度大于所述返渣筒(5)的轴向长度；
    所述外筒(1)通过支承装置(12)支撑，并由传动装置(11)驱动旋转；所述外筒(1)的内壁与加热筒(4)的外壁之间设有第一支撑件(3)，所述加热筒(4)的内壁与返渣筒(5)的外壁之间设有第二支撑件(6)；
    所述外筒(1)两端分别设有进气罩(17)和出气罩(7)，所述进气罩(17)通过法兰连接有加热炉(13)，所述加热炉(13)上法兰连接有燃烧器(18)；
    所述加热筒(4)一端通过第三支撑部件(18)与进料锁风装置(8)连接，所述加热筒(4)另一端与出料锁风装置(15)连接，所述加热筒(4)用于出料的一端设有煤气出口(16)，用于出煤气；
    所述返渣筒(5)的一端与所述加热筒(4)用于进料的一端齐平；所述返渣筒(5)的另一端设有返渣装置(10)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的混合式加热设备，其特征在于，所述外筒(1)内壁设有保温材料层(2)。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的混合式加热设备，其特征在于，所述返渣装置(10)为料勺。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的混合式加热设备，其特征在于，所述加热筒(4)、返渣筒(5)内部均设有螺旋导料装置。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的混合式加热设备，其特征在于，还包括与所述进料锁风装置(8)连接的进料罩(9)，与所述出料锁风装置(15)连接的出料罩(14)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的混合式加热设备，其特征在于，所述进料锁风装置(8)、出料锁风装置(15)为球封锁风装置。
  7. 权利要求1-6任一所述的混合式加热设备在制备兰炭方面的应用。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，制备兰炭的方法具体包括如下步骤：
    1)热烟气由燃烧器供入加热炉(13)内，经进气罩(17)进入外筒(1)；
    2)原料喂入进料罩(9)，经进料锁风装置(8)进入加热筒(4)；
    3)原料在加热筒(4)内600-650℃加热1小时；
    4)加热后的产物兰炭一部分通过返渣装置(10)进入返渣筒(5)作为热载体循环使用，另一部分通过出料锁风装置(15)从出料罩(14)排出；加热后产生的煤气经煤气出口(16)排出，进入煤气处理系统，冷凝回收。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，所述热烟气为可燃物。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述热烟气为兰炭、煤焦油或者煤气。
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