WO2016123976A1 - 用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法 - Google Patents

用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法 Download PDF

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WO2016123976A1
WO2016123976A1 PCT/CN2015/089407 CN2015089407W WO2016123976A1 WO 2016123976 A1 WO2016123976 A1 WO 2016123976A1 CN 2015089407 W CN2015089407 W CN 2015089407W WO 2016123976 A1 WO2016123976 A1 WO 2016123976A1
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sludge
anaerobic treatment
treatment device
ultrasonic
resistance gene
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陈银广
郑雄
黄海宁
苏应龙
李暮
吴丽娟
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Tongji University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/36—Biological material, e.g. enzymes or ATP
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a new method for ultrasonically pretreating sludge and controlling the pH value of sludge anaerobic treatment process, thereby greatly reducing the release amount of common resistance genes in sludge residue and supernatant. .
  • the concentration in the effluent of the sewage treatment plant can reach 10 2 to 10 6 copies/mL, and the concentration in the excess sludge is as high as 10 8 to 10 9 copies/g of sludge.
  • anaerobic treatment is an important way to utilize sludge resources.
  • conventional anaerobic treatment does not effectively reduce the resistance genes in the sludge. Therefore, in order to minimize the potential environmental impact of resistance genes, it is necessary to develop a new technology that effectively reduces the release of resistance genes during sludge anaerobic treatment.
  • sludge anaerobic treatment is significantly better than aerobic treatment for the reduction of resistance genes.
  • temperature control during anaerobic treatment also has an effect on the removal of resistance genes in the sludge.
  • High temperature treatment is beneficial to the removal of resistance genes, while conventional medium temperature treatment or room temperature treatment has limited effect on the removal of resistance genes.
  • the inventors' research found that the transfer of resistance genes relies on carriers such as extracellular DNA and phage that promote the horizontal transfer of resistance genes, and the level of resistance genes can be significantly changed by sonication and adjustment of the pH of anaerobic treatment. The number of vectors transferred, thereby affecting the level of release of the resistance gene.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an effective reduction of sludge residue and supernatant in the process of sludge anaerobic treatment.
  • a method of releasing a resistance gene is to provide an effective reduction of sludge residue and supernatant in the process of sludge anaerobic treatment.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the method is implemented by a device comprising a concentration tank 1, an ultrasonic pretreatment device 2, an anaerobic treatment device 3, a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR machine 4, a computer 5, an alkali storage tank 6, an electric valve 7, and a pH detector 8.
  • the bottom of the concentration tank 1 is connected to the sludge inlet on the upper side of the ultrasonic pretreatment apparatus 2 through a pipe and a valve, the sludge outlet of the ultrasonic pretreatment apparatus 2 is connected to the anaerobic treatment device 3, and the lower side of the anaerobic treatment device 3 is sludge.
  • the residue outlet, the upper side is the supernatant outlet, and the supernatant and sludge residue are respectively detected by a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument 4, and the bottom of the alkali storage tank 6 is connected to the top of the anaerobic treatment device 3 through a pipe and an electric valve 7.
  • the water inlet, the upper part of the anaerobic treatment device 3 is provided with a pH detector 8, the computer 5 is respectively connected to the real-time PCR machine 4, the electric valve 7 and the pH detector 8;
  • the sludge to be treated is concentrated by gravity sedimentation in a concentration tank; the sludge concentration is controlled to be 12-20 g/L;
  • the concentrated sludge enters the ultrasonic pretreatment device for ultrasonic pretreatment; the time of ultrasonic pretreatment is 5-30 min, the ultrasonic power is 0.1-0.5 kW, and the ultrasonic frequency is 10-40 kHz;
  • the anaerobic treatment temperature is 20 to 37 ° C
  • the sludge residence time is 4 to 12 days
  • the feedback adjustment is used to control the dosage of the lye, and the pH of the anaerobic treatment process is controlled to be 9.0 to 11.0.
  • the sludge to be treated may be a primary sludge of the sewage treatment plant, excess sludge or a mixture of the two in any ratio.
  • the resistance genes detected are mainly the sulfonamide resistance genes sul I and sul II, and the tetracycline resistance genes tet O and tet Q.
  • the recommended process parameters are: sludge concentration 15 g / L; ultrasonic pretreatment time 15 min, ultrasonic power 0.3 kW, ultrasonic frequency 30 kHz; sludge anaerobic treatment process temperature 35 ° C, sludge residence time 8 days
  • the feedback adjusts the pH to 10.0.
  • the method can reduce the release amount of the resistance gene in the sludge residue by 30 to 100 times;
  • the method can reduce the release of the resistance gene in the sludge supernatant by 5-10 times;
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for reducing the release of a resistance gene during anaerobic treatment of sludge according to the present invention.
  • the label 1 concentration tank, 2 ultrasonic pretreatment device, 3 anaerobic treatment device, 4 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, 5 computer, 6 storage alkali pool, 7 electric valve, 8 pH detector,
  • the sludge of the sewage treatment plant is concentrated through the concentration tank 1 to a sludge concentration of 12g / L;
  • the control treatment time is 5 min
  • the ultrasonic power is 0.1 kW
  • the ultrasonic frequency is 10 kHz
  • the release amount of the resistance gene in the sludge residue and the supernatant is detected by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument 4, and the detection data is automatically input into the computer 5;
  • the lye dosing amount is controlled by the electric valve 7 of the alkali storage tank 6 and the pH detector 8, and the feedback adjustment system has a pH of 9.0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ in the sludge residue using the method are reduced by 30 times and 35 times, respectively, sulfonamide resistance
  • the sex genes sul I and sul II were reduced by 40-fold and 36-fold, respectively; the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ in the supernatant were reduced by 5-fold and 5.3-fold, respectively, and the sulfonamide resistance genes sul I and sul II were decreased by 5.8-fold, respectively. And 5.1 times.
  • the sludge of the sewage treatment plant is concentrated through the concentration tank 1 to a sludge concentration of 15g / L;
  • the control treatment time is 15 min
  • the ultrasonic power is 0.3 kW
  • the ultrasonic frequency is 30 kHz
  • the temperature of the control process is 35 ⁇ 1 ° C, and the sludge residence time is 8 days;
  • the release amount of the resistance gene in the sludge residue and the supernatant is detected by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument 4, and the detection data is automatically input into the computer 5;
  • the lye dosing amount is controlled by the electric valve 7 of the alkali storage tank 6 and the pH detector 8, and the feedback adjustment system has a pH of 10.0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ in the sludge residue using the method are reduced by 90 times and 92 times, respectively, and the sulfonamide resistance
  • the sex genes sul I and sul II were reduced by 100-fold and 94-fold, respectively; the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ in the supernatant were reduced by 9.5-fold and 9.8-fold, respectively, and the sulfonamide resistance genes sul I and sul II were reduced by 10 times, respectively. And 9.2 times.
  • the sludge of the sewage treatment plant is concentrated through the concentration tank 1 to a sludge concentration of 20g / L;
  • the control treatment time is 30 min
  • the ultrasonic power is 0.5 kW
  • the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz
  • the release amount of the resistance gene in the sludge residue and the supernatant is detected by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument 4, and the detection data is automatically input into the computer 5;
  • the lye dosing amount is controlled by the electric valve 7 of the alkali storage tank 6 and the pH detector 8, and the pH of the feedback adjustment system is 11.0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ in the sludge residue using the method are reduced by 75 times and 78 times, respectively, and the sulfonamide resistance
  • the sex genes sul I and sul II were reduced by 82-fold and 80-fold, respectively; in the supernatant, the tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetQ were decreased by 6.8-fold and 7-fold, respectively, and the sulfonamide resistance genes sul I and sul II were decreased by 7.6-fold, respectively. And 7.2 times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法，将浓缩污泥进行超声预处理，并通过检测污泥厌氧处理系统中的抗性基因变化情况来反馈调节厌氧处理过程的pH值，削减污泥残渣及上清液中抗性基因的释放量。与常规污泥厌氧发酵系统相比，可实现污泥残渣中抗性基因释放量减少30～100倍，污泥上清液中抗性基因释放量降低5～10倍。

Description

用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法 技术领域
本发明属于环保技术领域，具体涉及一种将污泥进行超声预处理并控制污泥厌氧处理过程的pH值，从而大幅削减污泥残渣和上清液中常见抗性基因释放量的新方法。
背景技术
众所周知，抗生素的发现和使用在控制感染性疾病等方面发挥了重要作用。但是，近几十年来，抗生素的滥用导致了抗性微生物的大量增殖及抗性基因的广泛传播。大量研究证实，作为各种废水汇集地的污水处理厂已经成为了抗性微生物和抗性基因的重要污染源。抗性基因作为一种新型的污染物，不但会对生态环境造成破坏，而且还可能通过食物链，对人体健康构成威胁。其中，由于四环素类和磺胺类抗生素的广泛使用导致四环素类和磺胺类抗性基因在污水处理厂被大量检出。以四环素类抗性基因为例，其在污水处理厂出水中的浓度能够达到102～106copies/mL，而在剩余污泥中的浓度则高达108～109copies/g污泥。众所周知，厌氧处理是污泥资源化利用的重要途径。但是，常规的厌氧处理并不能有效降低污泥中的抗性基因。因此，为了最大程度减少抗性基因可能对环境带来的潜在影响，有必要开发一种有效削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的新技术。
目前，有研究者通过控制污泥处理方式来达到削减污泥中所含抗性基因的目标。例如，近年来的研究发现，污泥厌氧处理对抗性基因的削减效果明显优于好氧处理。同时，厌氧处理过程中温度的控制对污泥中抗性基因的去除也有影响，高温处理有利于抗性基因的去除，而常规的中温处理或室温处理对抗性基因的去除效果有限。发明人的研究发现，抗性基因的转移依赖于胞外DNA和噬菌体等潜在促进抗性基因水平转移的载体，而通过超声处理以及调节厌氧处理过程的pH值等可以显著改变抗性基因水平转移载体的数量，从而影响抗性基因的释放水平。、
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在污泥厌氧处理过程中有效削减污泥残渣和上清液中 抗性基因释放的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
所述方法通过装置实现，所述装置包括浓缩池1、超声预处理装置2、厌氧处理装置3、实时荧光定量PCR仪4、计算机5、储碱池6、电动阀7和pH检测器8，浓缩池1底部通过管道和阀门连接超声预处理装置2上部一侧的污泥进口，超声预处理装置2的污泥出口连接厌氧处理装置3，厌氧处理装置3下部一侧为污泥残渣出口，上部一侧为上清液出口，所述上清液和污泥残渣分别通过实时荧光定量PCR仪4进行检测，储碱池6底部通过管道和电动阀7连接厌氧处理装置3顶部的进水口，厌氧处理装置3上部设有pH检测器8，所述计算机5分别连接实时荧光定量PCR仪4、电动阀7和pH检测器8；
具体步骤如下：
(1)将待处理污泥在浓缩池中通过重力沉降浓缩；污泥浓度控制为12～20g/L；
(2)经过浓缩后的污泥进入超声预处理装置行超声预处理；超声预处理的时间控制为5～30min，超声功率为0.1～0.5kW，超声频率为10～40kHz；
(3)将预处理后的污泥加入厌氧处理装置；厌氧处理温度为20～37℃，污泥停留时间为4～12天；
(4)通过实时荧光定量PCR仪检测污泥厌氧处理装置中污泥残渣和上清液中抗性基因的释放量；
(5)根据抗性基因释放量的检测结果，利用反馈调节控制碱液的投加量，控制厌氧处理过程的pH值为9.0～11.0。
本发明中，步骤(1)中，待处理污泥可以是污水处理厂的初沉污泥、剩余污泥或两者任意比例的混合物。
本发明中，步骤(4)中，检测的抗性基因主要为磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II，以及四环素类抗性基因tet O和tet Q。
本发明中，推荐的工艺参数为：污泥浓度15g/L；超声预处理的时间15min、超声功率0.3kW、超声频率30kHz；污泥厌氧处理过程的温度35℃，污泥停留时间8天，反馈调节的pH值10.0。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本方法可实现污泥残渣中抗性基因释放量降低30～100倍；
(2)本方法可实现污泥上清液中抗性基因释放量降低5～10倍；
(3)本方法具有操作简便及削减效果显著等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的工艺流程图。
图中标号：1浓缩池，2超声预处理装置，3厌氧处理装置，4实时荧光定量PCR仪，5计算机，6储碱池，7电动阀，8pH检测器，
具体实施方式
以下结合附图所示实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1：
(1)如图1所示，将污水处理厂的污泥通过浓缩池1浓缩至污泥浓度为12g/L；
(2)将浓缩污泥泵入超声预处理装置2，控制处理时间为5min，超声功率为0.1kW，超声频率为10kHz；
(3)将预处理后的污泥加入厌氧处理装置3，控制处理过程的温度为20±1℃，污泥停留时间为4天；
(4)厌氧处理装置运行过程中，通过实时荧光定量PCR仪4检测污泥残渣和上清液中抗性基因的释放量，检测数据自动输入计算机5；
(5)根据检测数据，通过储碱池6的电动阀7和pH检测器8控制碱液投加量，反馈调节系统pH值为9.0±0.1。，与常规污泥处理系统(不进行超声预处理、不反馈调节pH值)相比，采用本方法的污泥残渣中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低30倍和35倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别减量40倍和36倍；上清液中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低5倍和5.3倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别降低5.8倍和5.1倍。
实施例2：
(1)如图1所示，将污水处理厂的污泥通过浓缩池1浓缩至污泥浓度为15g/L；
(2)将浓缩污泥泵入超声预处理装置2，控制处理时间为15min，超声功率为0.3kW，超声频率为30kHz；
(3)将预处理后的污泥加入厌氧处理装置3，控制处理过程的温度为35±1℃，污泥停留时间为8天；
(4)厌氧处理装置运行过程中，通过实时荧光定量PCR仪4检测污泥残渣和上清液中抗性基因的释放量，检测数据自动输入计算机5；
(5)根据检测数据，通过储碱池6的电动阀7和pH检测器8控制碱液投加量，反馈调节系统pH值为10.0±0.1。，与常规污泥处理系统(不进行超声预处理、不反馈调节pH值)相比，采用本方法的污泥残渣中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低90倍和92倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别减量100倍和94倍；上清液中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低9.5倍和9.8倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别降低10倍和9.2倍。
实施例3：
(1)如图1所示，将污水处理厂的污泥通过浓缩池1浓缩至污泥浓度为20g/L；
(2)将浓缩污泥泵入超声预处理装置2，控制处理时间为30min，超声功率为0.5kW，超声频率为40kHz；
(3)将预处理后的污泥加入厌氧处理装置3，控制处理过程的温度为37±1℃，污泥停留时间为12天；
(4)厌氧处理装置运行过程中，通过实时荧光定量PCR仪4检测污泥残渣和上清液中抗性基因的释放量，检测数据自动输入计算机5；
(5)根据检测数据，通过储碱池6的电动阀7和pH检测器8控制碱液投加量，反馈调节系统pH值为11.0±0.1。，与常规污泥处理系统(不进行超声预处理、不反馈调节pH值)相比，采用本方法的污泥残渣中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低75倍和78倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别减量82倍和80倍；上清液中四环素类抗性基因tetO和tetQ分别降低6.8倍和7倍，磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II分别降低7.6倍和7.2倍。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法，其特征在于所述方法通过装置实现，所述装置包括浓缩池1、超声预处理装置2、厌氧处理装置3、实时荧光定量PCR仪4、计算机5、储碱池6、电动阀7和pH检测器8，浓缩池1底部通过管道和阀门连接超声预处理装置2上部一侧的污泥进口，超声预处理装置2的污泥出口连接厌氧处理装置3，厌氧处理装置3下部一侧为污泥残渣出口，上部一侧为上清液出口，所述上清液和污泥残渣分别通过实时荧光定量PCR仪4进行检测，储碱池6底部通过管道和电动阀7连接厌氧处理装置3顶部的进水口，厌氧处理装置3上部设有pH检测器8，所述计算机5分别连接实时荧光定量PCR仪4、电动阀7和pH检测器8；
    具体步骤如下：
    (1)将待处理污泥在浓缩池中通过重力沉降浓缩；污泥浓度控制为12～20g/L；
    (2)经过浓缩后的污泥进入超声预处理装置行超声预处理；超声预处理的时间控制为5～30min，超声功率为0.1～0.5kW，超声频率为10～40kHz；
    (3)将预处理后的污泥加入厌氧处理装置；厌氧处理温度为20～37℃，污泥停留时间为4～12天；
    (4)通过实时荧光定量PCR仪检测污泥厌氧处理装置中污泥残渣和上清液中抗性基因的释放量；
    (5)根据抗性基因释放量的检测结果，利用反馈调节控制碱液的投加量，控制厌氧处理过程的pH值为9.0～11.0。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，待处理污泥是污水处理厂的初沉污泥、剩余污泥或两者任意比例的混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，检测的抗性基因主要为磺胺类抗性基因sul I和sul II，以及四环素类抗性基因tet O和tet Q。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中控制污泥浓度15g/L；步骤(2)中控制超声预处理的时间15min、超声功率0.3kW、超声频率30kHz；步骤(3)中控制控制污泥厌氧处理过程的温度35℃，污泥停留时间8天，步骤(2)中控制pH值为10.0。
PCT/CN2015/089407 2015-02-03 2015-09-11 用于削减污泥厌氧处理过程中抗性基因释放的方法 Ceased WO2016123976A1 (zh)

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CN108557997A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-09-21 大连理工大学 一种污泥裂解液的制备及其在高盐废水厌氧处理的应用
CN109809661A (zh) * 2019-01-15 2019-05-28 同济大学 用于削减纳米材料导致污泥厌氧处理中抗性基因增殖的方法
CN114350719B (zh) * 2021-12-10 2023-08-08 同济大学 一种强化高还原糖湿有机废物发酵产乙酸的方法

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