WO2016119735A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la diffusion de contenu vidéo adaptative utilisant le protocole http - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la diffusion de contenu vidéo adaptative utilisant le protocole http Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119735A1
WO2016119735A1 PCT/CN2016/072698 CN2016072698W WO2016119735A1 WO 2016119735 A1 WO2016119735 A1 WO 2016119735A1 CN 2016072698 W CN2016072698 W CN 2016072698W WO 2016119735 A1 WO2016119735 A1 WO 2016119735A1
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representation
representations
media
switched
server
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PCT/CN2016/072698
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English (en)
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Shan Liu
Chenghao Liu
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Mediatek Inc.
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Publication of WO2016119735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119735A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/55—Push-based network services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to media streaming over Internet.
  • the present invention relates to method and device to expedite the switching Representation process between a client and a server using WebSocket protocol or HTTP/2.
  • HyperText Transfer Protocol is a set of standards that allow users of the World Wide Web to exchange information found on web pages. It has been de facto standard for Internet access today. Browsers from various developers all support the HTTP as the communication protocol to connect a client to Web servers on the Internet. Through HTTP, a connection between a user and a server can be established so that HTML (HyperText Markup Language) pages can be sent to the user's browser. The protocol can also be used to download files from the server either to the browser or to any other requesting application that uses the HTTP.
  • HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP also known as MPEG-DASH, is an adaptive bitrate streaming technique that enables media content delivery over the Internet based on the conventional HTTP web servers.
  • ⁇ DASH client is able to minimize amount of requests to server
  • ⁇ DASH client is able to do prompt rate adaptation
  • ⁇ DASH client is able to minimize delay, e.g. in the case of live streaming, where content is being generated on the fly;
  • ⁇ DASH/Web server is able to prioritize the data from different Representations based on their importance to the playback.
  • a DASH frame format which includes DASH command denoted as CMD_CODE and is sent by the request/response.
  • the defined DASH commands include Get the MPD, MPD update, Get all segments of a Representation starting from a given segment or timestamp, reply to a segment request, cancel the transmission of the current resource, request to make a decision, with command code equal to 0 to 6, respectively.
  • MPD represents Media Presentation Description.
  • the Representation refers to collection and encapsulation of one or more media streams in a delivery format and associated with descriptive metadata.
  • the list command codes are shown in Table 1.
  • command 3 several parameters are defined including “repid” , “segnum” , and “timestamp” , denoting Representation identifier, segment number from which to start streaming and the timestamp from which to start stream.
  • command 5 no parameter is defined, and reception of command code 5 results in the server to stop the transmission at a reasonable point in the stream with STREAM_ID.
  • the end of a movie fragment may correspond to a point.
  • F is defined to provide a list of flags associated with the command in the DASH frame.
  • JSON JavaScript Object Notation
  • DASH-part 1 In DASH related specifications DASH-part 1 (ISO/IEC 23009-1: 2012, “Information technology -Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) -Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats” ) and 3GP-DASH (3GPP TS 26.247, “Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS) ; Progressive Download and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (3GP-DASH)) , Media Presentation Description (MPD) describes Media Presentation. MPD is hierarchically organized metadata and consisting of one or multiple periods. Each period consists of one or more Adaptation Sets and each Adaptation Set consists of one or multiple Representations. Each Representation may further include one or multiple Sub-Representations and each Representation consists of one or more Segments.
  • @startWithSAP is one of the common attributes in Adaptation Set, Representation, Sub-Representation, which specifies that each Media Segment in the associated Representations starts with a SAP not bigger than the attribute value in case it is present and bigger than 0.
  • SAP represents Stream Access Point, which corresponds to a selected position in a Representation to enable starting playback of a media stream using only the information contained in Representation data. The play back will use the information in the Representation starting from the selected position onwards, which may include information preceded by initializing data in the Initialization Segment if any.
  • XML EXtensible Markup Language
  • attributes are identified by a lower-case first letter and are preceded by a ‘@’ -sign. The convention is used in this disclosure.
  • @segmentAligment, @sub-segment Alignment, and @startWithSAP are used jointly in switching Representations. Usage examples of those attributes are provided in appendix A. 6 of the DASH specification in both DASH-part 1 and 3GP-DASH.
  • @mediaStreamStructureId is one of the attributes in Representation, which indicates a list of identifier values of media stream structure.
  • sharing same media stream structure identifier has a specific indication with regard to SAP (Stream Access Point) as specified in the description of @mediaStreamStructureId.
  • SAP Stream Access Point
  • the attribute is used to provide bitstream structure identifier values list, which is used for the purpose of switching between different streams. With the bitstream structure identifier values list, whether two bitstreams have a same bitstream structure can be determined. Bitstream switching can occur at a certain RAP (Random Access Point) .
  • a use case of multiple media stream structure identifier values has been noted in the description of @mediaStreamStructureId as described below.
  • bitstream switching use case using multiple bitstream structure identifier values if Representation B shares a bitstream structure identifier value, which is present in Representation A and Representation C, then bitstream switching between Representations A and B, and switching between Representations B and C are allowed.
  • Representations A and C do not share a same bitstream structure ID, then switching between different Representations A and C are not allowed.
  • bitstream switching between Representations A and C across B could be realized using multiple media stream structure identifier values.
  • QoE Quality of Experience
  • a method of switching Representation for a client device and a server is disclosed.
  • a current Representation and one or more switched-to Representations associated with media-streaming are identified.
  • the client device then transmits a single command to the server to request switching Representation to the one or more switched-to Representations.
  • the single command comprises switch-Representation information to identify the one or more switched-to Representations or to identify a media presentation time list associated with the one or more switched-to Representations.
  • a single command related to switching Representation associated with the media-streaming from the client device is received.
  • the server parses the single command to determine switch-Representation information for identifying the one or more switched-to Representations associated with the media-streaming, or for identifying a media presentation time list associated with the one or more switched-to Representations.
  • the server then pushes the one or more switched-to Representations associated with the media-streaming to the client device.
  • the single command can be transmitted from the client device to the server using Websocket protocol or HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol 2) .
  • the one or more switched-to Representations may comprise a target Representation and one or more intermediary Representations between the current Representation and the target Representation, and wherein the server pushes said one or more intermediary Representations before the target Representation.
  • the switch-Representation information may comprise ordered list of intermediary Representation IDs for the intermediary Representations and target Representation ID for the target Representation.
  • the switch-Representation information may comprise an ordered list of one or more first parameter pairs for the intermediary Representations and a second parameter pair for the target Representation. Each first parameter pair consists of one intermediary Representation ID and one media unit number of one media unit of a corresponding intermediary Representation to be pushed by the server.
  • the second parameter pair consists of a target Representation ID and a media unit number of a media unit of the target Representation to be pushed by the server.
  • the media unit may correspond to one segment or one sub-segment depending on a level-switch parameter.
  • the media presentation time list may comprise a list of media presentation times of earliest access units of the intermediary Representations and the target Representation.
  • the media presentation time list may comprise a list of paired parameters associated with media presentation times of earliest access units of the intermediary Representations and the target Representation.
  • Each paired parameter consists of one media presentation time of one earliest access unit of one corresponding intermediary Representation and one corresponding switched-to Representation ID, or consists of an earliest access unit of the target Representation and a target Representation ID.
  • the intermediary Representations can be determined based on Media Presentation Description (MPD) .
  • MPD Media Presentation Description
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of communication protocol between a server and a client for switching between two Representations.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary scenario of “server push” , where the server initially pushes segment 11 to the client, where the bandwidth of the Representation corresponds to 1,800 kbps.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary switching Representation process according to one embodiment the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplary flowchart for switching Representation in a client device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • buffered media time is typically very limited to provide low latency in buffering media data to reach a certain level for example prior to start playback.
  • Limited buffered media data imposes a strict requirement on the delay for switching Representation upon detecting congestion.
  • the delay for switching Representation is referring to the media playback time duration from the moment to decide switching Representation to the moment to reach the target level of Representation.
  • a client may send command 5 to stop the transmission of the resource corresponding to a certain Representation, (e.g. Representation with repid equal to 1) and then send command 3 to get all segments of Representation by setting “repid” equal to taget_repid (e.g. 3) starting from a certain segment number by setting “segnum” equal to a target_segnum or alternatively setting “timestamp” equal to a target_timestamp.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of communication protocol 100 between a server and a client for switching between two Representations.
  • the client sends command 3 to get the segments of Representation with repid equal to 1 as indicated by reference number 110.
  • the service will acknowledge the request with “OK” (120) .
  • the client sends command 5 to stop the transmission of Representation with repid equal to 1 as indicated by reference number 130.
  • the server will acknowledge the request with “OK” (140) .
  • the client sends command 3 to get the segments of Representation with repid equal to 2 as indicated by reference number 150.
  • the service will acknowledge the request with “OK” (160) .
  • Such a switching process has several shortcomings in preventing from fast switching as described below.
  • the server pushes the frames of a certain stream
  • the Representation associated with the stream is unknown to the client, when the start streaming command identified by command 3 arrives at the server due to transmission delay. Therefore, the client has to set a “segnum” or “timestamp” to a conservative value (i.e., a larger value) . Hence, the time of switching is delayed and results in late switching.
  • the client desires to switch to transmission at bandwidth 500 (i.e., 500 kbps) .
  • the corresponding switching Representation process according to the conventional MPEG-DASH or 3GP-DASH is shown by reference number 210.
  • the client sends a request to cancel transmission, i.e.
  • the client sends a request to cancel transmission, i.e. to stop the transmission once segment 13 is transmitted, followed by another request with push-next directive (i.e., segment 14) corresponding to the bandwidth of Representation at 800 (i.e., 800 kbps) as indicated by reference number 230. Further next, the client sends a request to cancel transmission, i.e.
  • segment 15 corresponding to the bandwidth of Representation at 500 (i.e., 500 kbps) as indicated by reference number 240.
  • push-next directive i.e., segment 15
  • 500 i.e., 500 kbps
  • the information available for client to select a stream access point is much limited for the client as the client typically relies on the MPD information to provide switching. Instead, the server can access the segment to provide more flexible Representation switching functions.
  • Switching Representations across one or multiple Representations provides an efficient way of switching Representations quickly to reach target Representation by efficiently utilizing @mediaStreamStructureId as described in MPEG-DASH, 3GP-DASH.
  • By using multiple bitstream structure identifier values it is possible to switch from Representation A to Representation C across Representation B at certain RAPs (Random Access Points) . Otherwise, it is not possible to directly switch from Representation A to Representation C as disclosed in MPEG-DASH and 3GP-DASH.
  • single command based multiple Representations switching could save time to send multiple commands for reach target Representations in Representation switching.
  • the server can across one or multiple Representations at RAPs by efficiently utilizing the mediaStreamStructureId attribute of DASH.
  • the above feature is very important to allow the server to switch Representations quickly and avoid buffer draining.
  • the present invention discloses two embodiments of fast signaling of switching Representations in Websocket protocol or HTTP/2 between the server and the DASH client.
  • the server may be a HTTP/2 server or a Websocket server that provides DASH segment delivery function.
  • signaling of Representation switching from the DASH client to the server in Websocket protocol or HTTP/2 to enable the server to switch to one or multiple intermediary Representations prior to switching to target Representation is disclosed.
  • a new command code denoted as switchRepresentation
  • the new command may be included in the dash-aware sub protocol of the Websocket protocol.
  • three new parameters denoted as targetRepresentationID, intermediaryRepresentationIDList and SwitchLevel are signaled together with the command code from the DASH client to the server.
  • the targetRepresentationID denotes the target Representation ID that the server will switch to.
  • the intermediaryRepresentationIDList denotes an ordered list of intermediary Representation IDs that the server needs to switch to prior to reach the target Representation ID as specified in targetRepresentationID.
  • Parameter switchLevel denotes that the server may switch at segment boundary or sub-segment boundary.
  • the intermediaryRepresentationIDList may denote an ordered list of paired parameters including intermediary Representation IDs and pushing media unit numbers in the corresponding Representations.
  • the media unit may be interpreted as a segment or sub-segment depending on the value of switchLevel. If switchLevel is set to 0 indicating the switching may occur at each segment boundary by the server. The media unit may be interpreted as segment. Otherwise, if switchLevel is set to 1 indicating that the switching may occur at each sub-segment boundary by the server, then the media unit may be interpreted as sub-segment.
  • command code of signaling of Representation switching and the required parameters associated with the command code from the DASH client to the server are described as follows.
  • the intermediaryRepresentationIDList may denote an ordered list of paired parameters including intermediary Representation IDs and pushing media unit numbers in the corresponding Representations.
  • the media unit may be interpreted as a segment or sub-segment depending on the value of switchLevel as mentioned above.
  • the switching Representation protocol as shown in Table 2 can be applied to the case shown in Fig. 2.
  • An example of fast switching Representation process according to the above embodiment is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the conditions prior to the switching Representation process are the same as Fig. 2, where segment 12 is being pushed when the directive arrives at the server.
  • single push-Representation-switch directive with proper parameters are transmitted. In order to result in smooth switch as Fig.
  • the directive may contain two parameter pairs for two intermediary Representations and one parameter pair for the target Representation.
  • the single push-Representation-switch directive can be represented by ⁇ 5 1, 4 1 ⁇ ; 3 1 as shown in Fig. 3, or can be represented by ⁇ 5 1, 4 1, 31 ⁇ .
  • the parameter of switchLevel may be specified as follows.
  • the DASH client may set the intermediaryRepresentationIDList and switchLevel based on the information of Media Presentation Description (MPD) and signal those parameters together with the associated command code (i.e., switchRepresentation) to the server.
  • MPD Media Presentation Description
  • switchRepresentation i.e., switchRepresentation
  • MPD Media Presentation Description
  • the switchLevel may be set to 0 to indicate that the switching Representation may occur at each segment boundary by the DASH client if each segment starts with SAP indicated by @startWithSAP and each segment is aligned to switch between different Representations indicated by @segmentAligmentas specified bythe DASH.
  • the switchLevel may be set to 1 to indicate the switching Representation may occur at each sub-segment boundary by the DASH client.
  • the DASH client further checks @mediaStreamStructureId, as specified in DASH, of Representations between the current Representation and the target Representation.
  • the DASH can then identify a list of intermediary Representations that share an identical @mediaStreamStructureId value. Accordingly, Representations can be switched from a current Representation to the target Representation across the list of intermediary Representations.
  • the DASH client may set @intermediaryRepresentationIDList as the identified list of intermediary Representations.
  • the DASH client may set @intermediaryRepresentationIDList to empty to indicate that the server can directly switch from the current Representation to the target Representation without reaching any intermediary Representation prior to switching to target Representation.
  • the DASH client may set @intermediaryRepresentationIDList to a list of Representations between the current Representation and the target Representation. The setting is chosen if the DASH client prefers step-wise Representation switching for smooth quality change or and relies on a rate adaptation algorithm.
  • the DASH client may also further set @intermediaryRepresentationIDList to a list of paired values including Representations and pushing media unit numbers in the corresponding Representations for providing more smooth quality change. Then, the DASH client sends the Representation switching command code with the associated parameters targetRepresentationID, intermediaryRepresentationIDList, and SwitchLevel to the server for providing fast switching Representations.
  • the server parses the targetRepresentationID to identify the target Representation, the intermediaryRepresentationIDList to identify the list of intermediary Representations to be reached before the target Representation, and switchLevel to identify whether the switching Representations are at each segment boundary or sub-segment boundary according to the above description and tables.
  • the server parses intermediaryRepresentationIDList to identify the list of intermediary Representations to be reached before the target Representation and to push media unit numbers in the corresponding Representations.
  • the server may push segments or sub-segments for intermediary Representations and target Representation in the stream of Websocket protocol or HTTP/2, which are used to push segments or sub-segments of the original Representation.
  • the server may also create a new stream in Websocket protocol or HTTP/2 for pushing segments or sub-segments of intermediary Representations or target Representation.
  • the server may close the streams that are used to push media data of previous Representations.
  • the server may close original streams that are used to push the current Representation and create a new stream which is used to push segments or sub-segments of the intermediary Representations and target Representation.
  • signaling of a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in a list of switched-to Representations from the server to the DASH client in Websocket protocol or HTTP/2 is disclosed.
  • the request for transmitting a list of media presentations times is initiated /sent from the client to the server, so that the server can send the corresponding list of media presentations back to the client.
  • the signaling (request) is from client to server, whilst the actual data (i.e., media of various presentations) are from server to client.
  • the signaling will take place when the server may switch to one or multiple intermediary Representations and then switch to the target Representation.
  • the one or multiple intermediary Representations and the target Representation are denoted as switched-to Representations.
  • the server may be a HTTP/2 server or a Websocket server that provides DASH segment delivery function.
  • the signaling of a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations may include enough information to allow the client to identify or derive the list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations may be used to specify the media presentation time of the earliest access unit played from the switched-to Representation denoted as mt in the process of creating the Representation switch events of QoE in DASH.
  • a new command code may be signaled to indicate a list of media presentation times of the earliest access unit in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the new command may be included in the dash-aware sub protocol of Websocket protocol.
  • a new parameter denoted as mediaTimesListToReprsentations, can be signaled together with the new command code from the client to the DASH server.
  • the new parameter may include a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the parameter mediaTimesListToReprsentations may include a list of URLs of the earliest segment or sub-segment in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the process of including a list of URLs of the earliest segments or sub-segments in mediaTimesListToReprsentations may depend on the targetRepresentationID, intermediaryRepresentationIDList, and SwitchLevel discussed in the first embodiment.
  • the DASH client may specify the media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the command code of signaling of the list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the switched-to Representations and the required parameters associated with the command code from the server to the DASH client are described in Table 4.
  • the mediaTimesListToReprsentations may be used to identify a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations.
  • the identified list of presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations may be used to specify the media presentation time, mt of the earliest access unit played from the switched-to Representation in the process of creating the Representation switch events of QoE in DASH.
  • the mt of the Representation switch event may be set to the media presentation time of the earliest access unit in the target Representation.
  • mt and tr of the Representation switch event may be modified so that mt denotes a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in all switched-to Representations, including all intermediary Representations and target Representation, and tr denotes a list of the switched to representations. Then, the mt and tr may be set accordingly based on the signaled mediaTimesListToReprsentations. For example, the signaled mediaTimesListToReprsentations may correspond to a list of presentation times of the earliest access units in the list of switched-to Representations and list of the corresponding switched-to Representations.
  • the server may switch to one or multiple intermediary Representations prior to switching to the target Representation at the boundary of segments or sub-segments based on the targetRepresentationID, intermediaryRepresentationIDList, and SwitchLevel according to the description of the first embodiment.
  • the server may add the media presentation time of the earliest access unit of the new Representation to the mediaTimesListToReprsentations each time upon switching to a new intermediary or target Representations.
  • the server may send the mediaTimesListToReprsentations together with the command code to the DASH client upon switching to target Representation.
  • the DASH client may parse the mediaTimesListToReprsentations to identify or derive a list of media presentation times of the earliest access units in the switched-to Representations, which may be used to specify the media presentation time, mt of the earliest access unit played from the switched-to Representation in the process of creating the Representation switch events of QoE in DASH.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplary flowchart for switching Representation in a client device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the client device determines a current representation associated with media-streaming received from a server in step 410.
  • One or more switched-to representations associated with the media-streaming are determined in step 420.
  • the client device then transmits a single command to the server to request switch representation to said one or more switched-to representations in step 430, wherein the single command comprises switch-representation information to identify said one or more switched-to representations, or to identify media presentation time list associated with said two or more switched-to representations.
  • Embodiment of the present invention as described above may be implemented in various hardware, software codes, or a combination of both.
  • an embodiment of the present invention can be a circuit integrated into a video compression chip or program code integrated into video compression software to perform the processing described herein.
  • An embodiment of the present invention may also be program code to be executed on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to perform the processing described herein.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the invention may also involve a number of functions to be performed by a computer processor, a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, or field programmable gate array (FPGA) .
  • These processors can be configured to perform particular tasks according to the invention, by executing machine-readable software code or firmware code that defines the particular methods embodied by the invention.
  • the software code or firmware code may be developed in different programming languages and different formats or styles.
  • the software code may also be compiled for different target platforms.
  • different code formats, styles and languages of software codes and other means of configuring code to perform the tasks in accordance with the invention will not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de permutation de représentation destiné à un dispositif client et à un serveur. Pour le dispositif client, une représentation actuelle et une ou plusieurs représentations destinations de permutation associées à une diffusion en continu sont identifiées. Le dispositif client transmet alors une commande simple au serveur pour demander la permutation de la représentation avec la ou les représentations destinations de permutation. La commande simple comprend des informations de représentations de permutation servant à identifier chaque représentation destination de permutation ou à identifier une liste d'heures de présentation multimédia associée à chaque représentation destination de permutation. Pour le serveur, une commande simple liée à la permutation de la représentation associée à la diffusion en continu à partir d'un dispositif client est reçue. Le serveur analyse la commande simple pour déterminer les informations de représentations de permutation servant à identifier la ou les représentations destinations de permutation associées à la diffusion en continu, ou à identifier une liste d'heures de présentation multimédia associée à chaque représentation destination de permutation. Le serveur pousse alors la ou les représentations destinations de permutation associées à la diffusion en continu vers le dispositif client.
PCT/CN2016/072698 2015-01-30 2016-01-29 Procédé et dispositif pour la diffusion de contenu vidéo adaptative utilisant le protocole http WO2016119735A1 (fr)

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CN111193686A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-22 北京开广信息技术有限公司 媒体流的递送方法及服务器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120278495A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Research In Motion Limited Representation grouping for http streaming
CN104025548A (zh) * 2011-12-29 2014-09-03 诺基亚公司 用于被递送媒体的灵活缓存的方法和设备

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120278495A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Research In Motion Limited Representation grouping for http streaming
CN104025548A (zh) * 2011-12-29 2014-09-03 诺基亚公司 用于被递送媒体的灵活缓存的方法和设备

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111193686A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-22 北京开广信息技术有限公司 媒体流的递送方法及服务器
CN111193686B (zh) * 2018-11-14 2021-12-21 北京开广信息技术有限公司 媒体流的递送方法及服务器

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