WO2016113440A1 - Orthopaedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement - Google Patents

Orthopaedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016113440A1
WO2016113440A1 PCT/ES2015/070703 ES2015070703W WO2016113440A1 WO 2016113440 A1 WO2016113440 A1 WO 2016113440A1 ES 2015070703 W ES2015070703 W ES 2015070703W WO 2016113440 A1 WO2016113440 A1 WO 2016113440A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hip
sensor
orthopedic prosthesis
prosthesis
knee replacement
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PCT/ES2015/070703
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Francisco Sevillano Berasategui
Roque José BERENGUER PEREZ
Sergio Arana Alonso
Original Assignee
Centro De Estudios E Investigaciones Tecnicas (Ceit)
Escuela De Ingenieros Universidad De Navarra
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Publication of WO2016113440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016113440A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the implants used in orthopedic surgery for the replacement of body joints that have lost their functions, the invention proposing an orthopedic hip or knee prosthesis provided with adapted means to detect the relative displacements of the component bodies of the prosthesis and bone during healing, as well as preventively detect the formation of bacterial infections that may affect the physical integrity of the patient.
  • Prosthetics are orthopedic devices that are implanted in the human body to perform a certain mobility function that the body has lost, or that performs in a very defective manner.
  • the most commonly used orthopedic prostheses are those of the hip and knee, since these are the parts of the body that are more prone to cartilage loss, mainly due to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other rheumatic diseases.
  • the lifespan of a hip or knee prosthesis is about 10-15 years, after which time it must be replaced in a new surgical procedure, however, there are other factors by which the prosthesis must be replaced before the end of its supposed lifespan.
  • the main cause for which the prosthesis must be replaced early are infections.
  • the prostheses are susceptible to being infected by bacterial colonies that adhere to their surface. These infections usually have their origin in the same surgery in which the prosthesis is implanted.
  • Infections are caused by bacterial microorganisms that grow attached to surfaces, live or inert, forming an extracellular matrix in which the bacteria remain embedded.
  • the bacteria are newly attached, they are more vulnerable to the action of antibiotics, however, in those initial moments, the bacteria do not show any symptoms in the patient, and by the time the first symptoms are observed,
  • the bacteria have grouped together and have developed an antibiotic resistance capacity due to their extracellular structure. Therefore, it is vital to detect in time the formation of an infection in the prosthesis to avoid that it can affect the physical integrity of the patient, as well as avoid having to pass the patient through another surgical operation, with the inherent risks that this entails.
  • the prosthesis is a rigid device embedded in a hard but living tissue, the bone. In this way, during the healing of the bone a displacement can be caused that leads to a bad coupling between the main parts of the prosthesis. This displacement may initially give no symptoms, but it ends up causing disabling pain in the patient that requires replacement of the prosthesis.
  • the doctor To check if the prosthesis has been displaced, the doctor generally uses radiology, however, this method of detection is not entirely effective, since a small misalignment of a few millimeters, almost negligible on an x-ray, can cause pain in the patient, so that for safety, the doctor uses exploratory surgery to check if the prosthesis has moved.
  • hip or knee prosthesis provided with means to detect in advance the formation of infections, as well as the displacement of the prosthesis, avoiding premature replacement of the prosthesis and the need to have to intervene surgically to the patient.
  • an orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement is proposed with detection means adapted to detect in advance the formation of infections in the prosthesis, as well as the displacement between its components.
  • the hip or knee replacement orthopedic prosthesis of the invention is mainly formed by an upper body and a lower body, articulated with each other, which are attached to respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the hip or knee.
  • the orthopedic prosthesis includes:
  • - infection detection means configured to detect the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis
  • - displacement detection means configured to detect a separation displacement between the upper body and the lower body
  • a communication unit configured to wirelessly send to a foreign processing device the detection of the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis and the detection of the separation displacement between the upper body and the lower body.
  • the infection detection means comprise an electrical impedance sensor, wherein the electrical impedance of the sensor varies as the bacteria are deposited on the sensor, said variation of the electrical impedance being a symptom that an infection is being generated on the prosthesis
  • the electrical impedance sensor comprises thin film microelectrodes between which bacteria that modify the electrical impedance of the sensor are deposited. It is envisaged that the electrical impedance sensor is located in an upper part of the lower body, where the sensor is not hidden by the bone where the lower body is implanted, so that the sensor is always in direct contact with the fluids of the The patient's organism, guaranteeing that the bacteria are deposited by gravity on the sensor, and therefore the infection can be detected.
  • an electrochemical sensor instead of using an electrical impedance sensor, it is possible to use an electrochemical sensor, through which the oxidation-reduction cycles of the compounds present in the culture of bacteria that are deposited on the sensor, and that can be analyzed They relate to the concentration of growing bacteria.
  • the displacement detection means comprise at least one magnetic-resistive sensor whose electrical resistance varies by the action of a magnetic field exerted by a permanent magnet, generally of a Neodymium-Iron-Boron alloy. It is envisioned that the at least one magnetic-resistive sensor is disposed on the lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis, and the permanent magnet is disposed on the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis. Thus, a separation between the upper body and the lower body causes a variation in the electrical resistance of the giant magnetic-resistive sensor, which is interpreted as a displacement of the bodies of the orthopedic prosthesis.
  • the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises an acetabulum with an acetabular cavity inside which a permanent magnet is disposed.
  • the lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a stem within which the communication unit is arranged, where the lower body stem has at its upper end a stem neck that ends in a condyle that is held in the acetabular cavity.
  • the electrical impedance sensor that detects the growth of the bacteria is disposed in the upper part of the stem, on the stem neck, and the at least one magnetic-resistive sensor that detects the displacement of the bodies of The orthopedic prosthesis is arranged on the outer surface of the acetabulum, thus being said magnetic-resistive sensor facing the permanent magnet inside the acetabular cavity.
  • the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a femoral component in which two permanent magnets are arranged
  • the lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a tibial component in whose interior The communication unit is arranged.
  • the upper part of the tibial component has a tibial plateau on which the electrical impedance sensor and two magnetic-resistive sensors are arranged, said two magnetic-resistive sensors being respectively aligned with the two permanent magnets of the femoral component.
  • An orthopedic prosthesis is thus obtained for the replacement of the hip or knee which due to its constructive and functional characteristics is of preferential application for the function with which it is intended, in relation to the early detection of possible infections that are being formed on the prostheses, as well as the displacement of prosthetic components.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an orthopedic hip replacement prosthesis according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the upper and lower bodies of the orthopedic prosthesis for hip replacement.
  • Figure 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the orthopedic prosthesis for Hip replacement where the means used for infection detection and displacement are observed.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of an orthopedic knee replacement prosthesis according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an orthopedic prosthesis for hip replacement according to the invention.
  • the prosthesis is formed by an upper body (1) and a lower body (2) articulated with each other, and which are implanted in the respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the hip.
  • the upper body (1) of the hip prosthesis consists of a hemispherical acetabulum (3) that is implanted in the patient's pelvic bone (4), with the acetabulum (3) inside an acetabular cavity (5).
  • the lower body (2) consists of a stem (6) that at its lower end is implanted in the patient's femur (7) and at its upper end has a stem neck (8) that ends in a condyle (9) spherical in shape that is held in the acetabular cavity (5) of the acetabulum (3).
  • the lower body (2) incorporates infection detection means constituted by a sensor (10) that is specially configured to detect the formation of an infection on the orthopedic prosthesis. Since the bacteria that cause infection tend to grow on the surface of the prosthesis, it is provided that the sensor (10) is located in a substantially flat part of the lower body (2) of the prosthesis that is in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism, preferably in the upper part of the stem (6) over the stem neck (8), thus ensuring that the sensor (10) is not hidden inside the femur (7) and therefore the infection always forms on the sensor (10) and can be correctly detected.
  • a sensor (10) that is specially configured to detect the formation of an infection on the orthopedic prosthesis. Since the bacteria that cause infection tend to grow on the surface of the prosthesis, it is provided that the sensor (10) is located in a substantially flat part of the lower body (2) of the prosthesis that is in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism, preferably in the upper part of the stem (6) over the stem neck (8), thus ensuring that the sensor (10)
  • the sensor (10) is specially configured to detect changes in its electrical impedance when bacteria are deposited on it. According to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, it is planned to employ an electrical impedance sensor (10) with interdigitated thin film microelectrodes, which are in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism.
  • the bacteria When the infection begins to form, the bacteria are mainly deposited on the stem neck (8) of the body lower (2), and therefore directly on the interdigitated microelectrodes of the sensor (10), so that there is a variation in the electrical impedance of the sensor (10), which is a sign that an infection is forming on the prosthesis orthopedic
  • a variable electrical potential is applied in the sensor (10) at different frequencies and the electrical current flowing through the interdigitated microelectrodes is measured.
  • the opposition to the passage of current is very sensitive to the variations of the matter adhered to the surface of the sensor (10), so, as soon as a small amount of matter is deposited on the interdigitated electrodes, a variation in electrical impedance, which is a symptom of the formation of a colony of bacteria.
  • the orthopedic prosthesis comprises displacement detection means configured to detect the separation between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2) of the orthopedic prosthesis.
  • the displacement detection means comprise at least one magnetic-resistive sensor (1 1), located in the lower body (2), said sensor (10) being formed by a thin film of a ferromagnetic metal alloy, such as Silver-Cobalt, whose electrical resistance varies when subjected to the action of an external magnetic field.
  • a ferromagnetic metal alloy such as Silver-Cobalt
  • the magnetic field that causes the variation of the electrical resistance of the magnetic-resistive sensor (1 1) is generated by the action of a permanent magnet (12) located in the upper body (1) of the orthopedic prosthesis.
  • a permanent magnet (12) located in the upper body (1) of the orthopedic prosthesis.
  • the condyle (9) of the lower body (2) incorporates magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1), while the acetabular cavity (5) of the upper body (1) has a permanent magnet (12) which can cover all or part of the inner wall of said acetabular cavity (5).
  • a permanent magnet (12) is provided in the acetabular cavity (5) because it is a simple way of adapting a conventional orthopedic prosthesis to the system of the invention, however, it could be possible that the acetabular cavity (5), or the acetabulum (3), were made totally or partially in magnetic material. It is envisaged that three magnetic-resistive sensors (11) are arranged on the condyle (9) in a triangular arrangement, so that with said three sensors (1 1) the greatest surface area of the acetabular cavity (5) is covered, guaranteeing that any separation of the condyle (9) from the acetabular cavity (5) be detected.
  • the measurements acquired by the sensors are sent to a communication unit (13), which wirelessly sends these measurements to a processing device external to the human body where they are analyzed.
  • a processing device external to the human body where they are analyzed.
  • the form of wireless communication can be of any known type, such as Bluetooh, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, infrared, RFID, or the like. Due to the availability of space, it is planned that the communication unit (13) be located inside the stem (6) of the lower body (2), although it could be located inside the condyle (9), or in the acetabulum ( 3) of the upper body (1).
  • Figures 1 to 3 show a hip orthopedic prosthesis where the magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1) to detect the separation between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2) are located on the upper outer surface of the condyle (9), and where the permanent magnet (12) is located inside the acetabular cavity (5).
  • the permanent magnet (12) can be arranged by partially covering the upper part of the condyle (9) and the magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1) can be arranged inside the acetabular cavity (5).
  • An orthopedic prosthesis for knee replacement according to the invention is shown in Figure 4.
  • the prosthesis is formed by an upper body (1) and a lower body (2), articulated with each other, which are implanted in the respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the knee.
  • the upper body (1) of the knee prosthesis consists of a femoral component (14) whose upper part is implanted in the patient's femur (7), and the lower body (2) consists of a tibial component (15) whose part The lower part is implanted in the patient's tibia, and whose upper part has a tibial plateau (16) that makes a joint play with the femoral component (14).
  • the sensor (10) of the infection detection means and the sensors (1 1) of the displacement detection means are arranged on the tibial plateau (16) of the lower body (2), while in the lower part of the component femoral (14) there are two permanent magnets (12) aligned with the sensors (1 1) that are arranged on the tibial plateau (16), while the communication unit (13) is located inside the tibial component (15) ).
  • the displacement detection sensors (1 1) are arranged in the lower part of the femoral component (14), and the permanent magnets (12) are arranged on the tibial plateau (16), notwithstanding the sensor ( 10) that detects infections should be located on the tibial plateau (16), and preferably in the center of said tibial plateau (16), since batteries tend to be deposited by gravity on that central area.

Abstract

The invention relates to an orthopaedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, formed by an upper body (1) and a lower body (2), which are hinged to one another, and which are coupled to respective bones of a patient in order to replace the function of the hip or knee, wherein the orthopaedic prosthesis comprises: means for detecting infections, designed to detect the growth of bacteria on the orthopaedic prosthesis; means for detecting movement, designed to detect a separation movement between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2); and a communication unit (13) designed to wirelessly send the detection of the growth of bacteria and the detection of the separation movement between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2) to an external processing device.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN  DESCRIPTION
PRÓTESIS ORTOPÉDICA PARA REEMPLAZO DE CADERA O RODILLA Sector de la técnica ORTHOPEDIC PROSTHESIS FOR REPLACEMENT OF HIP OR KNEE Technical sector
La presente invención está relacionada con los implantes empleados en cirugía ortopédica para el reemplazo de articulaciones del cuerpo que han perdido sus funciones, proponiendo la invención una prótesis ortopédica de cadera o rodilla provista de unos medios adaptados para detectar los desplazamientos relativos de los cuerpos componentes de la prótesis y el hueso durante su cicatrización, así como detectar de manera preventiva la formación de infecciones bacterianas que puedan afectar a la integridad física del paciente. The present invention is related to the implants used in orthopedic surgery for the replacement of body joints that have lost their functions, the invention proposing an orthopedic hip or knee prosthesis provided with adapted means to detect the relative displacements of the component bodies of the prosthesis and bone during healing, as well as preventively detect the formation of bacterial infections that may affect the physical integrity of the patient.
Estado de la técnica State of the art
Las prótesis son dispositivos ortopédicos que se implantan en el cuerpo humano para realizar una determinada función de movilidad que el cuerpo ha perdido, o que realiza de manera muy defectuosa. Las prótesis ortopédicas más empleadas son las de cadera y rodilla, ya que son estas las partes del cuerpo más propensas a la perdida de cartílago, debido principalmente a enfermedades degenerativas como la artrosis, artritis reumatoide, u otras enfermedades reumáticas. Prosthetics are orthopedic devices that are implanted in the human body to perform a certain mobility function that the body has lost, or that performs in a very defective manner. The most commonly used orthopedic prostheses are those of the hip and knee, since these are the parts of the body that are more prone to cartilage loss, mainly due to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other rheumatic diseases.
La vida útil de una prótesis de cadera o rodilla es de unos 10-15 años, tiempo tras el cual se debe reemplazar en una nueva intervención quirúrgica, sin embargo, existen otros factores por los cuales la prótesis debe ser reemplazada antes del fin de su supuesta vida útil. The lifespan of a hip or knee prosthesis is about 10-15 years, after which time it must be replaced in a new surgical procedure, however, there are other factors by which the prosthesis must be replaced before the end of its supposed lifespan.
La principal causa por la que la prótesis deber ser reemplazada antes de tiempo son las infecciones. Las prótesis son susceptibles de ser infectadas por colonias bacterianas que se adhieren a su superficie. Dichas infecciones habitualmente tienen su origen en la misma cirugía en la que se implanta la prótesis. The main cause for which the prosthesis must be replaced early are infections. The prostheses are susceptible to being infected by bacterial colonies that adhere to their surface. These infections usually have their origin in the same surgery in which the prosthesis is implanted.
Las infecciones son producidas por microorganismos bacterianos que crecen adheridos a superficies, vivas o inertes, formando una matriz extracelular en las que se quedan embebidas las bacterias. Cuando las bacterias están recién adheridas, son más vulnerables a la acción de los antibióticos, sin embargo, en esos momentos iniciales, las bacterias no presentan ningún síntoma en el paciente, y para cuando se observan los primeros síntomas, las bacterias se han agrupado y han desarrollado una capacidad de resistencia antibiótica debido a su estructura extracelular. Por ello, es vital detectar a tiempo la formación de una infección en la prótesis para evitar que pueda afectar a la integridad física del paciente, así como evitar tener que hacer pasar al paciente por otra operación quirúrgica, con los riesgos inherentes que ello conlleva. Infections are caused by bacterial microorganisms that grow attached to surfaces, live or inert, forming an extracellular matrix in which the bacteria remain embedded. When the bacteria are newly attached, they are more vulnerable to the action of antibiotics, however, in those initial moments, the bacteria do not show any symptoms in the patient, and by the time the first symptoms are observed, The bacteria have grouped together and have developed an antibiotic resistance capacity due to their extracellular structure. Therefore, it is vital to detect in time the formation of an infection in the prosthesis to avoid that it can affect the physical integrity of the patient, as well as avoid having to pass the patient through another surgical operation, with the inherent risks that this entails.
Otra causa por la que la prótesis deber ser reemplazada es el desplazamiento relativo entre los cuerpos componentes de la prótesis y los huesos en los que se fijan. La prótesis es un dispositivo rígido encastrado en un tejido duro pero vivo, el hueso. De esta manera, durante la cicatrización del hueso se puede originar un desplazamiento que conlleve un mal acoplamiento entre las partes principales de la prótesis. Este desplazamiento inicialmente puede no dar síntomas, pero acaba provocando un dolor incapacitante en el paciente que requiere la sustitución de la prótesis. Para comprobar si la prótesis se ha desplazado, el médico generalmente recurre a la radiología, sin embargo, este método de detección no es del todo eficaz, ya que una pequeña desalineación de unos pocos milímetros, prácticamente inapreciable en una radiografía, puede provocar dolor en el paciente, de manera que por seguridad, el médico recurre a la cirugía exploratoria para comprobar si la prótesis se ha desplazado. Another cause for which the prosthesis should be replaced is the relative displacement between the component bodies of the prosthesis and the bones in which they are fixed. The prosthesis is a rigid device embedded in a hard but living tissue, the bone. In this way, during the healing of the bone a displacement can be caused that leads to a bad coupling between the main parts of the prosthesis. This displacement may initially give no symptoms, but it ends up causing disabling pain in the patient that requires replacement of the prosthesis. To check if the prosthesis has been displaced, the doctor generally uses radiology, however, this method of detection is not entirely effective, since a small misalignment of a few millimeters, almost negligible on an x-ray, can cause pain in the patient, so that for safety, the doctor uses exploratory surgery to check if the prosthesis has moved.
Por todo ello, se hace necesario una prótesis de cadera o rodilla provista de medios para detectar de forma anticipada la formación de infecciones, así como el desplazamiento de la prótesis, evitando la sustitución prematura de la prótesis y la necesidad de tener que intervenir quirúrgicamente al paciente. Therefore, it is necessary a hip or knee prosthesis provided with means to detect in advance the formation of infections, as well as the displacement of the prosthesis, avoiding premature replacement of the prosthesis and the need to have to intervene surgically to the patient.
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
De acuerdo con la presente invención se propone una prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla con unos medios de detección adaptados para detectar de forma anticipada la formación de infecciones en la prótesis, así como el desplazamiento entre sus componentes. In accordance with the present invention, an orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement is proposed with detection means adapted to detect in advance the formation of infections in the prosthesis, as well as the displacement between its components.
La prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla de la invención está formada principalmente por un cuerpo superior y un cuerpo inferior, articulados entre sí, que se acoplan a respectivos huesos de un paciente para reemplazar el funcionamiento de la cadera o rodilla. La prótesis ortopédica comprende: The hip or knee replacement orthopedic prosthesis of the invention is mainly formed by an upper body and a lower body, articulated with each other, which are attached to respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the hip or knee. The orthopedic prosthesis includes:
- unos medios de detección de infecciones configurados para detectar el crecimiento de bacterias sobre la prótesis ortopédica, - infection detection means configured to detect the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis,
- unos medios de detección de desplazamiento configurados para detectar un desplazamiento de separación entre el cuerpo superior y el cuerpo inferior, y  - displacement detection means configured to detect a separation displacement between the upper body and the lower body, and
- una unidad de comunicación configurada para enviar de forma inalámbrica a un dispositivo de procesamiento exterior la detección del crecimiento de bacterias sobre la prótesis ortopédica y la detección del desplazamiento de separación entre el cuerpo superior y en el cuerpo inferior.  - a communication unit configured to wirelessly send to a foreign processing device the detection of the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis and the detection of the separation displacement between the upper body and the lower body.
Los medios de detección de infecciones comprenden un sensor de impedancia eléctrica, en donde la impedancia eléctrica del sensor varia a medida que las bacterias se depositan sobre el sensor, siendo por tanto dicha variación de la impedancia eléctrica síntoma de que se está generando una infección sobre la prótesis. El sensor de impedancia eléctrica comprende unos microelectrodos de película delgada entre los que se van depositando las bacterias que modifican la impedancia eléctrica del sensor. Se ha previsto que el sensor de impedancia eléctrica se ubique en una parte superior del cuerpo inferior, donde el sensor no quede oculto por el hueso en donde se implanta el cuerpo inferior, de manera que el sensor siempre esté en contacto directo con los fluidos del organismo del paciente, garantizando que las bacterias se depositen por gravedad sobre el sensor, y pueda por tanto detectarse la infección. The infection detection means comprise an electrical impedance sensor, wherein the electrical impedance of the sensor varies as the bacteria are deposited on the sensor, said variation of the electrical impedance being a symptom that an infection is being generated on the prosthesis The electrical impedance sensor comprises thin film microelectrodes between which bacteria that modify the electrical impedance of the sensor are deposited. It is envisaged that the electrical impedance sensor is located in an upper part of the lower body, where the sensor is not hidden by the bone where the lower body is implanted, so that the sensor is always in direct contact with the fluids of the The patient's organism, guaranteeing that the bacteria are deposited by gravity on the sensor, and therefore the infection can be detected.
En vez de emplear un sensor de impedancia eléctrica, cabe la posibilidad de emplear un sensor electroquímico, mediante el cual se puedan analizar los ciclos de oxidación- reducción de los compuestos presentes en el cultivo de bacterias que se depositan sobre el sensor, y que se relacionan con la concentración de bacterias en crecimiento. Instead of using an electrical impedance sensor, it is possible to use an electrochemical sensor, through which the oxidation-reduction cycles of the compounds present in the culture of bacteria that are deposited on the sensor, and that can be analyzed They relate to the concentration of growing bacteria.
Los medios de detección de desplazamiento comprenden al menos un sensor magnético- resistivo cuya resistencia eléctrica varía por la acción de un campo magnético ejercido por un imán permanente, generalmente de una aleación de Neodimio-Hierro-Boro. Se ha previsto que el, al menos un, sensor magnético-resistivo se disponga sobre el cuerpo inferior de la prótesis ortopédica, y el imán permanente se disponga sobre el cuerpo superior de la prótesis ortopédica. Así, una separación entre el cuerpo superior y el cuerpo inferior provoca una variación de la resistencia eléctrica del sensor magnético-resistivo gigante, la cual se interpreta como un desplazamiento de los cuerpos de la prótesis ortopédica. En el caso de una prótesis ortopédica para el reemplazo de la cadera, el cuerpo superior de la prótesis ortopédica comprende un acetábulo con una cavidad acetabular en el interior de la cual se dispone un imán permanente. El cuerpo inferior de la prótesis ortopédica comprende un vástago en cuyo interior se dispone la unidad de comunicación, donde el vástago del cuerpo inferior presenta en su extremo superior un cuello de vástago que termina en un cóndilo que se sujeta en la cavidad acetabular. De esta manera, el sensor de impedancia eléctrica que detecta el crecimiento de las bacterias se dispone en la parte superior del vástago, sobre el cuello de vástago, y el, al menos un, sensor magnético- resistivo que detecta el desplazamiento de los cuerpos de la prótesis ortopédica se dispone sobre la superficie exterior del acetábulo, quedando así dicho sensor magnético-resistivo enfrentado al imán permanente del interior de la cavidad acetabular. The displacement detection means comprise at least one magnetic-resistive sensor whose electrical resistance varies by the action of a magnetic field exerted by a permanent magnet, generally of a Neodymium-Iron-Boron alloy. It is envisioned that the at least one magnetic-resistive sensor is disposed on the lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis, and the permanent magnet is disposed on the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis. Thus, a separation between the upper body and the lower body causes a variation in the electrical resistance of the giant magnetic-resistive sensor, which is interpreted as a displacement of the bodies of the orthopedic prosthesis. In the case of an orthopedic prosthesis for hip replacement, the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises an acetabulum with an acetabular cavity inside which a permanent magnet is disposed. The lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a stem within which the communication unit is arranged, where the lower body stem has at its upper end a stem neck that ends in a condyle that is held in the acetabular cavity. In this way, the electrical impedance sensor that detects the growth of the bacteria is disposed in the upper part of the stem, on the stem neck, and the at least one magnetic-resistive sensor that detects the displacement of the bodies of The orthopedic prosthesis is arranged on the outer surface of the acetabulum, thus being said magnetic-resistive sensor facing the permanent magnet inside the acetabular cavity.
En el caso de una prótesis ortopédica para el reemplazo de la rodilla, el cuerpo superior de la prótesis ortopédica comprende un componente femoral en cuya parte inferior se disponen dos imanes permanentes, y el cuerpo inferior de la prótesis ortopédica comprende un componente tibial en cuyo interior se dispone la unidad de comunicación. La parte superior del componente tibial presenta una meseta tibial sobre la que se disponen el sensor de impedancia eléctrica y dos sensores magnético-resistivos, estando dichos dos sensores magnético-resistivos respectivamente alineados con los dos imanes permanentes del componente femoral. In the case of an orthopedic prosthesis for knee replacement, the upper body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a femoral component in which two permanent magnets are arranged, and the lower body of the orthopedic prosthesis comprises a tibial component in whose interior The communication unit is arranged. The upper part of the tibial component has a tibial plateau on which the electrical impedance sensor and two magnetic-resistive sensors are arranged, said two magnetic-resistive sensors being respectively aligned with the two permanent magnets of the femoral component.
Se obtiene así una prótesis ortopédica para el reemplazo de la cadera o la rodilla que por sus características constructivas y funcionales resulta de aplicación preferente para la función con que se halla destinada, en relación con la detección anticipada de posibles infecciones que se estén formando sobre la prótesis, así como el desplazamiento de los componentes protésicos. An orthopedic prosthesis is thus obtained for the replacement of the hip or knee which due to its constructive and functional characteristics is of preferential application for the function with which it is intended, in relation to the early detection of possible infections that are being formed on the prostheses, as well as the displacement of prosthetic components.
Descripción de las figuras La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de la cadera de acuerdo a la presente invención. Description of the figures Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an orthopedic hip replacement prosthesis according to the present invention.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en perspectiva explosionada de los cuerpos superior e inferior de la prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de la cadera. Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the upper and lower bodies of the orthopedic prosthesis for hip replacement.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en sección longitudinal de la prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de la cadera en donde se observan los medios empleados para la detección de infecciones y el desplazamiento. Figure 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the orthopedic prosthesis for Hip replacement where the means used for infection detection and displacement are observed.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de la rodilla de acuerdo a la presente invención. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of an orthopedic knee replacement prosthesis according to the present invention.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
En la figura 1 se observa una prótesis ortopédica para el reemplazo de la cadera de acuerdo a la invención. La prótesis está formada por un cuerpo superior (1) y un cuerpo inferior (2) articulados entre sí, y que se implantan en respectivos huesos de un paciente para reemplazar el funcionamiento de la cadera. Figure 1 shows an orthopedic prosthesis for hip replacement according to the invention. The prosthesis is formed by an upper body (1) and a lower body (2) articulated with each other, and which are implanted in the respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the hip.
El cuerpo superior (1) de la prótesis de cadera consiste en un acetábulo (3) en forma semiesférica que se implanta en el hueso pélvico (4) del paciente, presentando el acetábulo (3) en su interior una cavidad acetabular (5). El cuerpo inferior (2) consiste en un vástago (6) que en su extremo inferior se implanta en el fémur (7) del paciente y que en su extremo superior presenta un cuello de vástago (8) que termina en un cóndilo (9) en forma esférica que se sujeta en la cavidad acetabular (5) del acetábulo (3). The upper body (1) of the hip prosthesis consists of a hemispherical acetabulum (3) that is implanted in the patient's pelvic bone (4), with the acetabulum (3) inside an acetabular cavity (5). The lower body (2) consists of a stem (6) that at its lower end is implanted in the patient's femur (7) and at its upper end has a stem neck (8) that ends in a condyle (9) spherical in shape that is held in the acetabular cavity (5) of the acetabulum (3).
El cuerpo inferior (2) incorpora unos medios de detección de infecciones constituidos por un sensor (10) que está especialmente configurado para detectar la formación de una infección sobre la prótesis ortopédica. Puesto que las bacterias que provocan la infección tienden a crecer sobre la superficie de la prótesis, se ha previsto que el sensor (10) se ubique en una parte sustancialmente plana del cuerpo inferior (2) de la prótesis que se encuentre en contacto directo con los fluidos del organismo del paciente, preferentemente en la parte superior del vástago (6) sobre el cuello de vástago (8), garantizándose así que el sensor (10) no quede oculto en el interior del fémur (7) y que por tanto la infección se forme siempre sobre el sensor (10) y pueda ser correctamente detectada. The lower body (2) incorporates infection detection means constituted by a sensor (10) that is specially configured to detect the formation of an infection on the orthopedic prosthesis. Since the bacteria that cause infection tend to grow on the surface of the prosthesis, it is provided that the sensor (10) is located in a substantially flat part of the lower body (2) of the prosthesis that is in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism, preferably in the upper part of the stem (6) over the stem neck (8), thus ensuring that the sensor (10) is not hidden inside the femur (7) and therefore the infection always forms on the sensor (10) and can be correctly detected.
El sensor (10) está especialmente configurado para detectar cambios en su impedancia eléctrica cuando las bacterias se depositan sobre él. Según una realización no limitativa de la invención, se ha previsto emplear un sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica con unos microelectrodos interdigitados de película delgada, los cuales se encuentran en contacto directo con los fluidos del organismo del paciente. Cuando se empieza a formar la infección, las bacterias se van depositando principalmente sobre el cuello de vástago (8) del cuerpo inferior (2), y por ello directamente sobre los microelectrodos interdigitados del sensor (10), de manera que se produce una variación en la impedancia eléctrica del sensor (10), la cual es síntoma de que se está formando una infección sobre la prótesis ortopédica. Para llevar a cabo la detección de la infección bacteriana se aplica un potencial eléctrico variable en el sensor (10) a diferentes frecuencias y se mide la corriente eléctrica que circula través de los microelectrodos interdigitados. La oposición al paso de corriente (impedancia eléctrica) es muy sensible a las variaciones de la materia adherida a la superficie del sensor (10), por lo que, en cuanto se deposita una pequeña cantidad de materia sobre los electrodos interdigitados, se produce una variación en la impedancia eléctrica, que es síntoma de la formación de una colonia de bacterias. De esta manera se puede tratar la formación de la colonia de bacterias antes de que se produzca una infección en el paciente, evitándose así la intervención quirúrgica para sustituir la prótesis ortopédica. La prótesis ortopédica comprende unos medios de detección de desplazamiento configurados para detectar la separación entre el cuerpo superior (1) y el cuerpo inferior (2) de la prótesis ortopédica. Según una realización no limitativa de la invención, se ha previsto que los medios de detección de desplazamiento comprendan al menos un sensor (1 1) magnético-resistivo, ubicado en el cuerpo inferior (2), estando formado dicho sensor (10) por una película delgada de una aleación metálica ferromagnética, como por ejemplo Plata- Cobalto, cuya resistencia eléctrica varia cuando se la somete a la acción de un campo magnético externo. The sensor (10) is specially configured to detect changes in its electrical impedance when bacteria are deposited on it. According to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, it is planned to employ an electrical impedance sensor (10) with interdigitated thin film microelectrodes, which are in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism. When the infection begins to form, the bacteria are mainly deposited on the stem neck (8) of the body lower (2), and therefore directly on the interdigitated microelectrodes of the sensor (10), so that there is a variation in the electrical impedance of the sensor (10), which is a sign that an infection is forming on the prosthesis orthopedic To carry out the detection of the bacterial infection, a variable electrical potential is applied in the sensor (10) at different frequencies and the electrical current flowing through the interdigitated microelectrodes is measured. The opposition to the passage of current (electrical impedance) is very sensitive to the variations of the matter adhered to the surface of the sensor (10), so, as soon as a small amount of matter is deposited on the interdigitated electrodes, a variation in electrical impedance, which is a symptom of the formation of a colony of bacteria. In this way, the formation of the colony of bacteria can be treated before an infection occurs in the patient, thus avoiding surgical intervention to replace the orthopedic prosthesis. The orthopedic prosthesis comprises displacement detection means configured to detect the separation between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2) of the orthopedic prosthesis. According to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the displacement detection means comprise at least one magnetic-resistive sensor (1 1), located in the lower body (2), said sensor (10) being formed by a thin film of a ferromagnetic metal alloy, such as Silver-Cobalt, whose electrical resistance varies when subjected to the action of an external magnetic field.
El campo magnético que provoca la variación de la resistencia eléctrica del sensor (1 1) magnético-resistivo se genera por la acción de un imán permanente (12) ubicado en el cuerpo superior (1) de la prótesis ortopédica. Como se observa en detalle en la figura 3, el cóndilo (9) del cuerpo inferior (2) incorpora unos sensores (1 1) magnético-resistivos, mientras que la cavidad acetabular (5) del cuerpo superior (1) presenta un imán permanente (12) que puede cubrir total o parcialmente la pared interior de dicha cavidad acetabular (5). De esta manera, cuando se produce un desplazamiento de la prótesis ortopédica, generalmente porque el vástago (6) tiende a introducirse dentro del fémur (7), el cóndilo (9) se separa de la cavidad acetabular (5), modificándose por tanto el campo magnético al que están sometidos los sensores (1 1) magnético-resistivos, lo cual provoca una variación en la resistencia eléctrica de dichos sensores (11). The magnetic field that causes the variation of the electrical resistance of the magnetic-resistive sensor (1 1) is generated by the action of a permanent magnet (12) located in the upper body (1) of the orthopedic prosthesis. As can be seen in detail in Figure 3, the condyle (9) of the lower body (2) incorporates magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1), while the acetabular cavity (5) of the upper body (1) has a permanent magnet (12) which can cover all or part of the inner wall of said acetabular cavity (5). Thus, when a displacement of the orthopedic prosthesis occurs, generally because the stem (6) tends to be introduced into the femur (7), the condyle (9) separates from the acetabular cavity (5), thereby modifying the magnetic field to which the magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1) are subjected, which causes a variation in the electrical resistance of said sensors (11).
Se ha previsto disponer un imán permanente (12) en la cavidad acetabular (5) porque es una manera sencilla de adaptar una prótesis ortopédica convencional al sistema de la invención, no obstante, pudiera darse la posibilidad de que la propia cavidad acetabular (5), o el acetábulo (3), estuvieran realizados total o parcialmente en material magnético. Se ha previsto que sobre el cóndilo (9) se dispongan tres sensores (11) magnético-resistivos en una disposición triangular, de manera que con dichos tres sensores (1 1) se cubra la mayor superficie de la cavidad acetabular (5), garantizándose que se detecte cualquier separación del cóndilo (9) respecto de la cavidad acetabular (5). Con todo ello así, las mediciones adquiridas por los sensores son enviadas a una unidad de comunicación (13), la cual envía de forma inalámbrica dichas mediciones a un dispositivo de procesamiento externo al cuerpo humano en donde se analizan. De esta manera, la variación de la impedancia eléctrica del sensor (10) y la variación de la resistencia eléctrica de los sensores (11) son interpretadas en el dispositivo de procesamiento para determinar si se está produciendo una infección sobre la prótesis ortopédica y si se ha producido un desplazamiento de los cuerpos (1 , 2) de la prótesis. La forma de comunicación inalámbrica pueden ser de cualquier tipo conocido, como Bluetooh, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, infrarrojos, RFID, o similar. Por disponibilidad de espacio se ha previsto que la unidad de comunicación (13) se ubique en el interior del vástago (6) del cuerpo inferior (2), si bien pudiera ubicarse en el interior del cóndilo (9), o en el acetábulo (3) del cuerpo superior (1). A permanent magnet (12) is provided in the acetabular cavity (5) because it is a simple way of adapting a conventional orthopedic prosthesis to the system of the invention, however, it could be possible that the acetabular cavity (5), or the acetabulum (3), were made totally or partially in magnetic material. It is envisaged that three magnetic-resistive sensors (11) are arranged on the condyle (9) in a triangular arrangement, so that with said three sensors (1 1) the greatest surface area of the acetabular cavity (5) is covered, guaranteeing that any separation of the condyle (9) from the acetabular cavity (5) be detected. With all this, the measurements acquired by the sensors are sent to a communication unit (13), which wirelessly sends these measurements to a processing device external to the human body where they are analyzed. In this way, the variation of the electrical impedance of the sensor (10) and the variation of the electrical resistance of the sensors (11) are interpreted in the processing device to determine if an infection is occurring on the orthopedic prosthesis and if has produced a displacement of the bodies (1, 2) of the prosthesis. The form of wireless communication can be of any known type, such as Bluetooh, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, infrared, RFID, or the like. Due to the availability of space, it is planned that the communication unit (13) be located inside the stem (6) of the lower body (2), although it could be located inside the condyle (9), or in the acetabulum ( 3) of the upper body (1).
En las figuras 1 a 3 se muestra una prótesis ortopédica de cadera en donde los sensores (1 1) magnético-resistivos para detectar la separación entre el cuerpo superior (1) y el cuerpo inferior (2) se ubican en la superficie externa superior del cóndilo (9), y en donde el imán permanente (12) se ubica en el interior de la cavidad acetabular (5). Sin embargo, el imán permanente (12) se puede disponer recubriendo parcialmente la parte superior del cóndilo (9) y los sensores (1 1) magnético-resistivos se pueden disponer en el interior de la cavidad acetabular (5). En la figura 4 se muestra una prótesis ortopédica para el reemplazo de la rodilla de acuerdo a la invención. La prótesis está formada por un cuerpo superior (1) y un cuerpo inferior (2), articulados entre sí, que se implantan en respectivos huesos de un paciente para reemplazar el funcionamiento de la rodilla. El cuerpo superior (1) de la prótesis de rodilla consiste en un componente femoral (14) cuya parte superior se implanta en el fémur (7) del paciente, y el cuerpo inferior (2) consiste en un componente tibial (15) cuya parte inferior se implanta en la tibia del paciente, y cuya parte superior presenta una meseta tibial (16) que hace un juego de articulación con el componente femoral (14). Figures 1 to 3 show a hip orthopedic prosthesis where the magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1) to detect the separation between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2) are located on the upper outer surface of the condyle (9), and where the permanent magnet (12) is located inside the acetabular cavity (5). However, the permanent magnet (12) can be arranged by partially covering the upper part of the condyle (9) and the magnetic-resistive sensors (1 1) can be arranged inside the acetabular cavity (5). An orthopedic prosthesis for knee replacement according to the invention is shown in Figure 4. The prosthesis is formed by an upper body (1) and a lower body (2), articulated with each other, which are implanted in the respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the knee. The upper body (1) of the knee prosthesis consists of a femoral component (14) whose upper part is implanted in the patient's femur (7), and the lower body (2) consists of a tibial component (15) whose part The lower part is implanted in the patient's tibia, and whose upper part has a tibial plateau (16) that makes a joint play with the femoral component (14).
El sensor (10) de los medios de detección de infecciones y los sensores (1 1) de los medios de detección de desplazamiento se disponen sobre la meseta tibial (16) del cuerpo inferior (2), mientras que en la parte inferior del componente femoral (14) se disponen sendos imanes permanentes (12) alineados con los sensores (1 1) que se disponen sobre la meseta tibial (16), mientras que la unidad de comunicación (13) se ubica en el interior del componente tibial (15). Cabe la posibilidad de que los sensores (1 1) de detección de desplazamiento se dispongan en la parte inferior del componente femoral (14), y los imanes permanentes (12) se dispongan sobre la meseta tibial (16), no obstante el sensor (10) que detecta las infecciones debe ubicarse sobre la meseta tibial (16), y preferiblemente en el centro de dicha meseta tibial (16), puesto que las baterías tienden a depositarse por gravedad sobre esa zona central. The sensor (10) of the infection detection means and the sensors (1 1) of the displacement detection means are arranged on the tibial plateau (16) of the lower body (2), while in the lower part of the component femoral (14) there are two permanent magnets (12) aligned with the sensors (1 1) that are arranged on the tibial plateau (16), while the communication unit (13) is located inside the tibial component (15) ). It is possible that the displacement detection sensors (1 1) are arranged in the lower part of the femoral component (14), and the permanent magnets (12) are arranged on the tibial plateau (16), notwithstanding the sensor ( 10) that detects infections should be located on the tibial plateau (16), and preferably in the center of said tibial plateau (16), since batteries tend to be deposited by gravity on that central area.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, formada por un cuerpo superior (1) y un cuerpo inferior (2), articulados entre sí, que se acoplan a respectivos huesos de un paciente para reemplazar el funcionamiento de la cadera o rodilla, caracterizada en que comprende: 1. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, consisting of an upper body (1) and a lower body (2), articulated with each other, which are attached to the respective bones of a patient to replace the functioning of the hip or knee , characterized in that it comprises:
- unos medios de detección de infecciones configurados para detectar el crecimiento de bacterias sobre la prótesis ortopédica, - infection detection means configured to detect the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis,
- unos medios de detección de desplazamiento configurados para detectar un desplazamiento de separación entre el cuerpo superior (1) y el cuerpo inferior (2), y- displacement detection means configured to detect a separation displacement between the upper body (1) and the lower body (2), and
- una unidad de comunicación (13) configurada para enviar de forma inalámbrica a un dispositivo de procesamiento exterior la detección del crecimiento de bacterias sobre la prótesis ortopédica y la detección del desplazamiento de separación entre el cuerpo superior (1) y en el cuerpo inferior (2). - a communication unit (13) configured to wirelessly send to an external processing device the detection of the growth of bacteria on the orthopedic prosthesis and the detection of the separation displacement between the upper body (1) and the lower body ( 2).
2. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según la primera reivindicación, caracterizada en que los medios de detección de infecciones comprenden un sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica, en donde la impedancia eléctrica del sensor (10) varía a medida que las bacterias se depositan sobre el sensor (10). 2. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the first claim, characterized in that the infection detection means comprise an electrical impedance sensor (10), wherein the electrical impedance of the sensor (10) varies as Bacteria are deposited on the sensor (10).
3. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada en que el sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica comprende unos microelectrodos de película delgada entre los que se van depositando las bacterias que modifican la impedancia eléctrica del sensor (10). 3. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrical impedance sensor (10) comprises thin film microelectrodes between which the bacteria that modify the electrical impedance of the sensor are deposited ( 10).
4. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada en que el sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica se ubica en una parte superior del cuerpo inferior (2) en contacto directo con los fluidos del organismo del paciente. 4. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical impedance sensor (10) is located in an upper part of the lower body (2) in direct contact with the fluids of the patient's organism .
5. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según la primera reivindicación, caracterizada en que los medios de detección de desplazamiento comprenden al menos un sensor (1 1) magnético-resistivo cuya resistencia eléctrica varía por la acción de un campo magnético ejercido por un imán permanente (12). 5. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the first claim, characterized in that the displacement detection means comprise at least one magnetic-resistive sensor (1 1) whose electrical resistance varies by the action of an exerted magnetic field by a permanent magnet (12).
6. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada en que el, al menos un, sensor (11) magnético-resistivo se dispone sobre el cuerpo inferior (2) y el imán permanente (12) se dispone sobre el cuerpo superior (1) de la prótesis ortopédica. 6. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one magnetic-resistive sensor (11) is arranged on the lower body (2) and the permanent magnet (12) is disposes on the upper body (1) of the orthopedic prosthesis.
7. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada en que el cuerpo superior (1) comprende un acetábulo (3) con una cavidad acetabular (5) en donde se dispone el imán permanente (12), y el cuerpo inferior (2) comprende un vástago (6) en cuyo interior se dispone la unidad de comunicación (13), donde el vástago (6) presenta en su extremo superior un cuello de vástago (8) que termina en un cóndilo (9) que se sujeta en la cavidad acetabular (5), disponiéndose el sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica en la parte superior del vástago (6) sobre el cuello de vástago (8), y disponiéndose el, al menos un, sensor (11) magnético-resistivo sobre la superficie exterior del acetábulo (3). 7. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper body (1) comprises an acetabulum (3) with an acetabular cavity (5) wherein the permanent magnet (12) is arranged, and the lower body (2) comprises a rod (6) inside which the communication unit (13) is arranged, where the rod (6) has at its upper end a rod neck (8) ending in a condyle ( 9) which is held in the acetabular cavity (5), the electrical impedance sensor (10) being disposed in the upper part of the rod (6) on the stem neck (8), and the at least one sensor ( 11) magnetic-resistive on the outer surface of the acetabulum (3).
8. - Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada en que sobre el acetábulo (3) se disponen tres sensores (11) magnético- resistivo en una disposición triangular. 8. - Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that three magnetic-resistive sensors (11) are arranged on the acetabulum (3) in a triangular arrangement.
9.- Prótesis ortopédica para reemplazo de cadera o rodilla, según las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizada en que el cuerpo superior (1) comprende un componente femoral (14) en cuya parte inferior se disponen dos imanes permanentes (12), y el cuerpo inferior (2) comprende un componente tibial (15) en cuyo interior se dispone la unidad de comunicación (13), presentando la parte superior del componente tibial (15) una meseta tibial (16) sobre la que se disponen el sensor (10) de impedancia eléctrica y dos sensores (11) magnético-resistivos que están respectivamente alineados con los dos imanes permanentes (12) del componente femoral (14). 9. Orthopedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper body (1) comprises a femoral component (14) at the bottom of which two permanent magnets (12) are arranged, and the lower body (2) comprises a tibial component (15) inside which the communication unit (13) is arranged, the upper part of the tibial component (15) presenting a tibial plateau (16) on which the sensor (10) ) of electrical impedance and two magnetic-resistive sensors (11) that are respectively aligned with the two permanent magnets (12) of the femoral component (14).
PCT/ES2015/070703 2015-01-12 2015-09-28 Orthopaedic prosthesis for hip or knee replacement WO2016113440A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201530025A ES2579760B1 (en) 2015-01-12 2015-01-12 ORTHOPEDIC PROSTHESIS FOR REPLACEMENT OF HIP OR KNEE
ESP201530025 2015-01-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016113440A1 true WO2016113440A1 (en) 2016-07-21

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WO2019191722A1 (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-03 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan System and method for aligning hip replacement prostheses
US11751775B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2023-09-12 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Electrical device for monitoring, prevention, and treatment of implant infections
US11806050B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2023-11-07 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Tension isolating adjustable adapter for external fixation and methods of production and use thereof

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CN112022456B (en) * 2020-08-31 2023-04-14 北京积水潭医院 Method and device for determining angle safety zone of sagittal plane of acetabular cup and electronic equipment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3369369A1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-05 Covidien LP Pathogen detection
WO2019191722A1 (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-03 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan System and method for aligning hip replacement prostheses
US11751775B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2023-09-12 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Electrical device for monitoring, prevention, and treatment of implant infections
US11806050B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2023-11-07 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Tension isolating adjustable adapter for external fixation and methods of production and use thereof

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ES2579760A1 (en) 2016-08-16

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