WO2016110183A1 - 一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法 - Google Patents

一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法 Download PDF

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WO2016110183A1
WO2016110183A1 PCT/CN2015/098102 CN2015098102W WO2016110183A1 WO 2016110183 A1 WO2016110183 A1 WO 2016110183A1 CN 2015098102 W CN2015098102 W CN 2015098102W WO 2016110183 A1 WO2016110183 A1 WO 2016110183A1
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drilling
hole
gas
drill
coal seam
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林柏泉
刘厅
邹全乐
郭畅
朱传杰
姚浩
闫发志
孔佳
洪溢都
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to AU2015376359A priority Critical patent/AU2015376359B2/en
Priority to US15/325,506 priority patent/US10370942B2/en
Publication of WO2016110183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016110183A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling

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  • the invention relates to a drilling and cutting integrated and heat injection synergistic strengthening coal seam gas drainage method, and is particularly suitable for gas control in a high gas coal seam region with microporosity, low permeability and high adsorption.
  • China's coal seam gas has the characteristics of micro-pore, low permeability and high adsorption.
  • the average permeability of coal seam is between 1.1974 ⁇ 10 -18 and 1.1596 ⁇ 10 -14 m 2 , and the gas pre-pumping rate is low, which seriously affects the safe production of coal mines. .
  • the water conservancy measures represented by hydraulic slitting and hydraulic punching have been widely used in the gas control process of coal mines in China due to their high efficiency of pressure relief and permeability enhancement.
  • the permeability of coal seams is low. Due to the limitation of water jet cutting and high-pressure water impact crushing, the pressure-reducing effect is limited, the gas drainage concentration is low, and the extraction period is long. Unable to meet high-strength coal mining requirements.
  • the related research results show that the pore structure of coal in China is mainly microporous, which constitutes a large number of gas adsorption space.
  • the coal body has strong gas adsorption capacity, which leads to high gas content of coal body and is not easy to desorb, thus making coal seam gas drainage. Difficulties, the single-hole gas drainage flow decays quickly, and the drainage effect is poor.
  • the existing research results show that the elevated temperature can promote the gas desorption of coal and improve the gas drainage.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a drilling and punching integration and a heat injection synergistically enhanced coal seam gas drainage with convenient operation, remarkable anti-reflection effect, and greatly improved gas drainage effect. method.
  • the drilling and cutting integrated and heat injection synergistic strengthening coal seam gas drainage method of the invention comprises drilling, hydraulic punching, hydraulic slitting, sealing and gas drainage, and the steps are as follows:
  • the drilling and cutting integrated drill bit is used to construct the heat injection drilling hole, and the construction heat injection drilling hole passes through the coal floor floor and the coal seam to the coal seam roof from the bottom floor drainage roadway;
  • the slits are cut into a plurality of slits parallel to the axial direction of the borehole by a width of 0.5 to 1 m and a height of 0.02 to 0.05 m.
  • the number of slits is 2-8.
  • the high temperature steam temperature is 150 to 450 °C.
  • the present invention achieves low pressure drilling, medium pressure punching and high pressure slit joint pressure relief and permeation by punching on the basis of drilling.
  • the hydraulic pressure is used to enlarge the pressure relief space, and the exposed area of the coal body is increased by the slit, thereby significantly increasing the pressure relief and permeability range of the single borehole.
  • the pressure relief space formed by hydraulic punching and hydraulic slitting can significantly increase the contact surface between the coal body and the high temperature steam, increase the range of hot steam, and promote the gas desorption of the coal body.
  • the invention overcomes the limitation of the single anti-transmission technology, and the integrated operation of low-pressure drilling, medium-pressure punching and high-pressure slitting significantly improves the single-hole pressure relief range and the effective exposed area of the coal body, and drives the coal body for hot steam. Gas desorption creates good prerequisites.
  • the invention can increase the single-hole gas drainage flow rate by 1 to 2 times, increase the gas extraction concentration by 30 to 50%, and increase the gas pre-pumping rate by 40 to 70%.
  • the method is simple in operation and strong in practicability, especially for microporosity, Low-permeability, high-adsorption high-gas soft outburst coal seam gas control has broad application prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the drilling arrangement of the present invention.
  • the integrated drilling and cutting integration and heat injection of the invention synergistically strengthen the coal seam gas drainage method, and sequentially perform drilling, hydraulic punching, hydraulic slitting, sealing, high temperature steam injection and gas drainage in the coal seam, and the steps are as follows: :
  • the construction heat injection hole 1 passes from the bottom floor drainage roadway 3 through the coal seam floor 4 and the coal seam 6 to the coal seam roof plate 5;
  • the slot 11 in the axial direction of the drill hole rotates the drill rod 45-180°, repeatedly pulls the drill rod, cuts several slots 11 parallel to the axial direction of the drill hole, forms a drill-cutting hole 9 , and then drills
  • the punching hole 9 is sealed; the slit 11 which is parallel to the axial direction of the drill hole has a width of 0.5 to 1 m and a height of 0.02 to 0.05 m, and the plurality of slits 11 are 2 to 8 articles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，其适用于微孔隙、低渗透、高吸附的煤层区域瓦斯治理。在预定钻冲割钻孔(9)周围一定距离处施工瓦斯抽采孔(2)，封孔后进行瓦斯抽采。采用钻冲割一体化钻头施工钻冲割钻孔(9)并封孔。实时监测瓦斯抽采孔(2)内的浓度变化，当孔内浓度低于30％时，开启钻冲割钻孔(9)孔口，通过蒸汽发生器(8)向其内注入高温水蒸气，之后封闭钻冲割钻孔(9)。通过施工钻冲割钻孔增大卸压空间以及煤体暴露面积，卸除煤体应力，增加煤层透气性，并通过注入高温蒸汽可以促进煤体瓦斯解吸，促进钻孔周围裂纹扩展，进一步增加瓦斯流动通道，实现煤层瓦斯高效抽采。

Description

一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，尤其适用于微孔隙、低渗透、高吸附的高瓦斯煤层区域瓦斯治理。
背景技术
我国煤层瓦斯赋存具有微孔隙、低渗透、高吸附的特征，煤层平均渗透率介于1.1974×10-18～1.1596×10-14m2之间，瓦斯预抽率低，严重影响煤矿安全生产。
目前，以水力割缝、水力冲孔等为代表的水利化措施以其高效的卸压增透作用在我国煤矿区域瓦斯治理过程中得到了广泛应用。但是，由于我国煤层地质条件复杂，煤层渗透率低，单一的水力化措施由于水射流切割及高压水冲击破碎能力的限制导致卸压增透效果有限，瓦斯抽采浓度低，抽采周期长，无法满足高强度的煤炭开采要求。
此外，相关研究结果表明，我国煤体孔隙结构主要以微孔为主，构成了大量的瓦斯吸附空间，煤体吸附瓦斯能力强，导致煤体瓦斯含量高，不易解吸，从而使得煤层瓦斯抽采困难，单孔瓦斯抽采流量衰减快，抽采效果差。现有的研究成果表明，升高温度能够促进煤体瓦斯解吸，提高瓦斯抽采量。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种操作方便，增透效果显著，大幅改善瓦斯抽采效果的钻冲割一体化及注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法。
技术方案：本发明的钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，包括钻孔、水力冲孔、水力割缝、封孔以及瓦斯抽采，步骤如下：
a、在底板抽采巷内选定一个注热钻孔位置，围绕注热钻孔位置周围从底板抽采巷穿过煤层底板向煤层施工3～6个瓦斯抽采孔至煤层顶板，然后退钻，按常规封孔后对瓦斯抽采孔进行瓦斯抽采；
b、采用钻割一体化钻头施工注热钻孔，施工注热钻孔从底板抽采巷穿过煤层底板和煤层直至煤层顶板；
c、退钻时，向钻杆内通入压力水，压力为5～10MPa，反复拉动并旋转钻杆，对煤层段进行水力冲孔，使注热钻孔形成孔径为0.4～0.8m的冲孔钻孔；
d、将水的压力调到15～25MPa，反复拉动钻杆，在冲孔钻孔内切割出平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽，转动钻杆45～180°，反复拉动钻杆，切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽，形成钻冲割钻孔，之后对钻冲割钻孔进行封孔；
e、实时监测瓦斯抽采孔内的瓦斯浓度变化，当瓦斯浓度低于30％时，开启钻冲割钻 孔的孔口，通过蒸汽发生器经耐高温隔热供热管路向钻冲割钻孔内注入高温蒸汽，以提高瓦斯抽采孔内的瓦斯浓度，注热持续1～3h。
所述的切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽宽度为0.5～1m，高为0.02～0.05m。
所述的数条缝槽为2～8条。
所述高温蒸汽温度为150～450℃。
有益效果：本发明通过在打钻基础上冲孔，在冲孔基础上割缝实现了低压打钻、中压冲孔与高压割缝联合卸压增透。通过水力冲孔扩大卸压空间，通过割缝增大煤体的暴露面积，从而显著提高单个钻孔的卸压增透范围。此外，水力冲孔与水力割缝形成的卸压空间能够显著增大煤体与高温蒸汽的接触面，增大热蒸汽的作用范围，促进煤体瓦斯解吸。本发明克服了单一增透技术的局限性，通过低压打钻、中压冲孔与高压割缝一体化作业，显著提高了单孔卸压范围和煤体有效暴露面积，为热蒸汽驱动煤体瓦斯解吸创造良好的前提条件。本发明能够将单孔瓦斯抽采流量提高1～2倍，瓦斯抽采浓度提高30～50％，瓦斯预抽率提高40～70％，该方法操作简单，实用性强，尤其对于微孔隙、低渗透、高吸附的高瓦斯松软突出煤层区域瓦斯治理具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的剖面图；
图2是本发明的钻孔布置示意图。
图中：1-注热钻孔，2-瓦斯抽采钻孔，3-底板抽采巷，4-煤层底板，5-煤层顶板，6-煤层，7-耐高温隔热供热管路，8-蒸汽发生器，9-钻冲割钻孔，10-冲孔钻孔，11-缝槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明的钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，依次在煤层中实施钻孔、水力冲孔、水力割缝、封孔、注入高温蒸汽以及瓦斯抽采，具休步骤如下：
a、在底板抽采巷3内选定一个注热钻孔1位置，围绕注热钻孔1位置周围从底板抽采巷3穿过煤层底板4向煤层6施工3～6个瓦斯抽采孔2至煤层顶板5，然后退钻，按常规方法封孔后对瓦斯抽采孔2进行瓦斯抽采；
b、采用钻割一体化钻头施工注热钻孔1，施工注热钻孔1从底板抽采巷3穿过煤层底板4和煤层6直至煤层顶板5；
c、退钻时，向钻杆内通入压力为5～10MPa的高压水，反复拉动并旋转钻杆对煤层6段进行水力冲孔，扩大钻孔半径，使注热钻孔1形成孔径为0.4～0.8m的冲孔钻孔10；
d、将水的压力调高到15～25MPa，反复拉动钻杆，在冲孔钻孔10内切割出对称且平 行于钻孔轴向的缝槽11，转动钻杆45～180°，反复拉动钻杆，切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽11，形成钻冲割钻孔9，之后对钻冲割钻孔9进行封孔；所述的切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽11宽度为0.5～1m，高为0.02～0.05m，所述的数条缝槽11为2～8条。
e、实时监测瓦斯抽采孔2内的瓦斯浓度变化，当瓦斯浓度低于30％时，开启钻冲割钻孔9的孔口，通过蒸汽发生器8经耐高温隔热供热管路7向钻冲割钻孔9内注入高温蒸汽，高温蒸汽温度为150～450℃，通过高温蒸汽提高瓦斯抽采孔2内的瓦斯浓度，注热持续1～3h后停止注热。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，包括钻孔、水力冲孔、水力割缝、封孔以及瓦斯抽采，其特征在于步骤如下：
    a、在底板抽采巷(3)内选定一个注热钻孔(1)位置，围绕注热钻孔(1)位置周围从底板抽采巷(3)穿过煤层底板(4)向煤层(6)施工3～6个瓦斯抽采孔(2)至煤层顶板(5)，然后退钻，按常规封孔后对瓦斯抽采孔(2)进行瓦斯抽采；
    b、采用钻割一体化钻头施工注热钻孔(1)，施工注热钻孔(1)从底板抽采巷(3)穿过煤层底板(4)和煤层(6)直至煤层顶板(5)；
    c、退钻时，向钻杆内通入压力水，压力为5～10MPa，反复拉动并旋转钻杆，对煤层(6)段进行水力冲孔，使注热钻孔(1)形成孔径为0.4～0.8m的冲孔钻孔(10)；
    d、将水的压力调到15～25MPa，反复拉动钻杆，在冲孔钻孔(10)内切割出平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽(11)，转动钻杆45～180°，反复拉动钻杆，切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽(11)，形成钻冲割钻孔(9)，之后对钻冲割钻孔(9)进行封孔；
    e、实时监测瓦斯抽采孔(2)内的瓦斯浓度变化，当瓦斯浓度低于30％时，开启钻冲割钻孔(9)的孔口，通过蒸汽发生器(8)经耐高温隔热供热管路(7)向钻冲割钻孔(9)内注入高温蒸汽，以提高瓦斯抽采孔(2)内的瓦斯浓度，注热持续1～3h。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，其特征在于：所述的缝槽(11)宽度为0.5～1m，高为0.02～0.05m。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，其特征在于：所述的切割出数条平行于钻孔轴向的缝槽(11)为2～8条。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法，其特征在于：所述高温蒸汽温度为150～450℃。
PCT/CN2015/098102 2015-01-06 2015-12-21 一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法 Ceased WO2016110183A1 (zh)

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AU2015376359A AU2015376359B2 (en) 2015-01-06 2015-12-21 Method for integrated drilling, flushing, slotting and thermal injection for coalbed gas extraction
US15/325,506 US10370942B2 (en) 2015-01-06 2015-12-21 Method for integrated drilling, flushing, slotting and thermal injection for coalbed gas extraction

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CN201510005682.XA CN104563990B (zh) 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 一种钻冲割一体化与注热协同强化煤层瓦斯抽采方法
CN201510005682.X 2015-01-06

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