WO2016108759A1 - Conception de panneau pour fenêtres intelligentes à très importante modulation solaire et importante masse thermique - Google Patents

Conception de panneau pour fenêtres intelligentes à très importante modulation solaire et importante masse thermique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016108759A1
WO2016108759A1 PCT/SG2015/050517 SG2015050517W WO2016108759A1 WO 2016108759 A1 WO2016108759 A1 WO 2016108759A1 SG 2015050517 W SG2015050517 W SG 2015050517W WO 2016108759 A1 WO2016108759 A1 WO 2016108759A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogel
bag
transparent plastic
temperature responsive
glass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2015/050517
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yi LONG
Yin Chiang Freddy Boey
Original Assignee
Nanyang Technological University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanyang Technological University filed Critical Nanyang Technological University
Priority to SG11201705277PA priority Critical patent/SG11201705277PA/en
Priority to CN201580074905.6A priority patent/CN107208450A/zh
Publication of WO2016108759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016108759A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to smart windows.
  • an improved window design is disclosed herein whereby a hydrogel bag having a large thermal mass and comprising a film or layer of a temperature responsive hydrogel encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag is applied to the window to enable automatic and reversible switching between transparent and opaque/translucent mode for energy consumption reduction.
  • Smart window refers to a window which automatically controls light transmission properties under the application of a voltage (electrochromism), light (photochromism) or heat (thermochromism).
  • Thermochromic material can be used in a passive and zero- energy input smart window, which can regulate solar transmission by temperature stimulus for energy consumption reduction.
  • a passive and zero- energy input smart window which can regulate solar transmission by temperature stimulus for energy consumption reduction.
  • the transmission of solar light 250 nm ⁇ 2500 nm
  • the transmission of solar light could be increased to ensure maximum solar energy input.
  • T c transition temperature
  • the visible light (380 nm-780 nm) transmission (7i um ) ideally should remain high, preferably larger than 70%, to ensure good indoor luminous condition.
  • T c of such desirable smart window should be within the range of 25 °C to 35 °C.
  • Vanadium dioxide (VO2) based inorganic materials are currently the most widely studied candidates for smart windows, although they are plagued with problems of high transition temperature (T C -68 °C) and low 7i um as well as low Ar so i.
  • T C -68 °C transition temperature
  • the best reported results for VO2 based smart windows are 7i um of -40% and Ar so i of -20%.
  • a panel includes either (i) a hydrogel bag adhered onto a sheet of glass, transparent plastic, or a surface; or (ii) a hydrogel bag arranged in between two sheets of glass or transparent plastic, wherein the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic are spaced apart from each other.
  • the hydrogel bag comprises a film of a temperature responsive hydrogel encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag, wherein the transparent plastic bag minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • hydrogel has the same thermal mass as water because hydrogel has more than 90% water by composition. Therefore, it could assist in warming up and cooling down an environment in winter and summer, respectively. This was not realized by any other known energy efficient windows. Water could also be used to retard fire propagation. A thick layer of hydrogel could have these two functions.
  • Another advantage is that a safety function can be provided with the hydrogel bag inserted or arranged in between the two sheets of glass as the hydrogel bag can be used to stop glass crack propagations.
  • a 0.8 mm thick temperature responsive hydrogel film is encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag (see Fig. 1) which gives a four times higher Ar so i compared with the best reported inorganic V0 2 results (see Table 1).
  • the temperature responsive hydrogels are much easier to manufacture and their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) can be easily tuned according to specific usage conditions of smart (and safety) windows.
  • a hydrogel bag including a film of a temperature responsive hydrogel encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag. The transparent plastic bag minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • a method for forming a hydrogel bag according to the second aspect includes:
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a laminated safety smart glass according to one embodiment.
  • the hydrogel bag is laminated in between two sheets of glass.
  • the hydrogel bag may be attached onto a sheet of glass, for example, by sticking via an adhesive onto the sheet of glass.
  • Fig. 2 shows temperature dependence of optical transparency of a sample of 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel film laminated in between two sheets of polyethylene terephthalate according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 3A shows (left) a photograph of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel bag laminated onto a sheet of glass taken at 9:30 am, indoor, 20 °C; (right) transparency of the laminated sheet of glass according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 3B shows (left) a photograph of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel bag laminated onto a sheet of glass taken at 3:30 pm, outdoor, 36 °C; (right) transparency of the laminated sheet of glass according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 3C shows (left) a photograph of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel bag laminated onto a sheet of glass taken at 8:30 pm, indoor, 20 °C; (right) transparency of the laminated sheet of glass according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 4A shows temperature variations of three glass houses.
  • Glass house A is a bare glass house.
  • Glass house B is a glass house laminated with a hydrogel bag encapsulating 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel.
  • Glass house C is a glass house laminated with a hydrogel bag encapsulating 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and a water bag with 2 cm thickness which is adhered to the hydrogel bag.
  • Fig. 4B shows a photograph of (from left to right) glass house C, glass house B, and glass house A at 9:30 am, indoor, 25 °C.
  • Fig. 4C shows a photograph of (from left to right) glass house C, glass house B, and glass house A at 1:30 pm, outdoor, 35 °C.
  • Fig. 5 shows a photograph of three glass houses in a setup used for the cold weather test.
  • Glass house D is a bare glass house.
  • Glass house E is a glass house laminated with a 1 cm water bag.
  • Glass house F is a glass house laminated with a 2 cm water bag.
  • Fig. 6 shows the results of a cold weather test (temperature versus time) for glass house D, glass house E and glass house F.
  • Fig. 7 shows thermal durability tests of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel contained in bottles 1-4 (from left to right): (a) hydrogel before heating bottle 1 (monomer, 0.8 mol/100 ml, no poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA)), bottle 2 (monomer, 1.0 mol/100 ml, no PVA), bottle 3 (monomer, 1.2 mol/100 ml, no PVA), and bottle 4 (monomer, 0.8 mol/100 ml, with PVA); (b) hydrogels during heating up on a hotplate at 150 °C; (c) close-up photograph of the hydrogels being heated at 150 °C; (d) hydrogels after 3 hours of heating at 150 °C; (e) heat-treated hydrogels after cooling; and (f) close- up photograph of cooled hydro
  • PVA provides channels for water to flow from the inside of the hydrogel to the surface.
  • PVA is not used in bottles 1-3 as PVA would cause shrinkage of the hydrogel during heating up to 100 °C, rendering the hydrogel mixed with PVA unsuitable for the manufacture of safety glass.
  • Fig. 8A shows the burning of a pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (left film) and a hydrogel-laminated PET (right film) over a fire.
  • Fig. 8B shows the results after a period of burning: the pure PET film burns with a hole after 3 seconds (left film), while the hydrogel-laminated PET stays intact after 50 seconds (right film).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Fig. 8B shows the results after a period of burning: the pure PET film burns with a hole after 3 seconds (left film), while the hydrogel-laminated PET stays intact after 50 seconds (right film).
  • Fig. 9 shows the results of the hydrogel bag-laminated glass panel after smashing.
  • a panel (100) which is suitable for use in windows or any partition structure separating a first environment from a second environment such as a facade of a building.
  • the panel (100) includes two sheets (10, 20) of glass or transparent plastic spaced apart from each other.
  • transparent refers to having the property of transmitting light without appreciable scattering so that bodies lying beyond are seen clearly.
  • a transparent article as mentioned herein allows the passage of a specified form of radiation, such as infrared (solar) or ultraviolet light.
  • the two sheets (10, 20) of glass or transparent plastic are shown as flat and essentially parallel to each other. It is to be understood that the scope is not to be limited as such.
  • the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic need not be flat, such as both sheets are concave or convex and are parallel to each other.
  • the first sheet may be concave or convex while the second sheet may be flat, and therefore not parallel to each other.
  • the term "sheet” refers to a sufficiently thin glass or transparent plastic such that the overall panel structure is transparent for light or other radiation to pass through when desired. Similarly, the spacing between the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic is sufficiently small for light or other radiation to pass through when desired.
  • the first and second sheets of the panel are both glass. In alternative embodiments, the first and second sheets of the panel are both transparent plastic. In yet further other embodiments, the first sheet may be glass and the second sheet may be a transparent plastic.
  • the panel (100) further includes a hydrogel bag (40) arranged in between the two sheets (10, 20) of glass or transparent plastic.
  • the arrangement of the hydrogel bag (40) is such that it is located, positioned, or disposed in between the two sheets (10, 20) to form a sandwich structure. It is to be understood that the arrangement of the hydrogel bag (40) may be such that it is directly contacting (e.g. laminated) the two sheets (10, 20), or it is indirectly contacting (e.g. via an adhesive layer) the two sheets (10, 20).
  • the hydrogel bag (40) may be contacting (whether directly or indirectly) 100% of the surfaces of the two sheets (10, 20) or less. In other words, there may be empty space or vacuum in between the two sheets (10, 20).
  • the hydrogel bag (40) is able to conform to the configuration of the spacing in between the two sheets (10, 20).
  • the hydrogel bag (40) may have a corresponding sheet-like configuration.
  • Other configurations of the hydrogel bag (40) are also possible.
  • the hydrogel bag (40) comprises a film of a temperature responsive hydrogel (30) encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag, wherein the transparent plastic bag minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • the panel may include a hydrogel bag adhered onto a sheet of glass, transparent plastic, or a surface such as a wall (i.e. single panel design).
  • the hydrogel bag may be adhered to an opaque surface such as a wall, so that the temperature responsive hydrogel turns opaque (or white) and reflect light, thereby lowering the temperature of the wall.
  • the hydrogel bag can be applied to any surface such as windows, walls and metal surfaces to modulate solar light smartly.
  • the temperature responsive hydrogel (30) is an intelligent material that undergoes phase transition with homogeneous reversibility by utilizing solar (heat) energy and sensing environmental temperature changes.
  • the temperature sensitive hydrogel (30) undergoes a hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic transition at its lower critical solution temperature (LCST).
  • LCST critical solution temperature
  • PNIPAm poly(N- isopropylacrylamide)
  • the reversibly tunable transparency of PNIPAm hydrogels can be utilized in the smart windows application.
  • a 0.8 mm thick PNIPAm hydrogel film encapsulated in a polyethylene terephthalate bag gives a four times higher Ar so i compared with the best reported inorganic V0 2 results (see Table 1).
  • encapsulated by “encapsulated”, “encapsulation” or associated term is meant that the hydrogel is completely enclosed within or completely surrounded by the transparent plastic bag. In other words, contact of the hydrogel (30) with the exterior environment (i.e. other than the transparent plastic bag) is avoided.
  • the advantage of providing such an encapsulation is to avoid leakage issue of the hydrogel.
  • the transparent plastic bag encapsulating the hydrogel (30) is formed of a material that minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the hydrogel (30).
  • minimizing evaporative loss of water present in the hydrogel (30) would translate to optimal performance of the hydrogel since, as mentioned in earlier paragraphs, temperature dependent phase transition property of the hydrogel is being made use of in present invention to render feasible and practical implementation of smart windows.
  • the temperature responsive hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in a range of between 15 °C and 60 °C, such as 25 °C and 35 °C.
  • suitable temperature responsive hydrogels include, but are not limited to, poly(vinylmethylether), poly(vinylcaprolactam), hydroxypropylcellulose, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), or a mixture thereof. It is to be appreciated that more than one type of temperature responsive hydrogel may be encapsulated in the transparent plastic bag.
  • the temperature responsive hydrogel is poly(N- isopropylacrylamide) .
  • the transparent plastic bag is formed of a material that minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • suitable materials for the transparent plastic bag include, but are not limited to, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thermoplastic polyolefins (TPOs), methacrylate-butadiene- styrene (MBS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and a mixture thereof.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PP polypropylene
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • the transparent plastic bag is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the thickness of the film of temperature responsive hydrogel is between 50 ⁇ and 5 cm.
  • the thickness may be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, and up to 5 cm, including any value in between.
  • the thickness of the transparent plastic bag is taken to be negligible compared to the thickness of the film of temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • reference to the thickness of the film of temperature responsive hydrogel is analogous to reference to thickness of the hydrogel bag, and vice versa.
  • the thickness of the film of temperature responsive hydrogel is 0.8 mm.
  • the hydrogel bag is permanently adhered to at least one of the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic.
  • the hydrogel bag may be laminated onto at least one of the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic.
  • the hydrogel bag is removably arranged in between the two sheets of glass or transparent plastic.
  • the hydrogel bag may act as free pieces which can be taken in and out of the sandwich structure for easy maintenance or replacement.
  • a water bag in addition to the hydrogel bag such that the overall thickness (or amount) of water in the panel design is increased.
  • the advantage of having such a panel design is that the large thermal mass of water in the hydrogel bag, where water is the major component in hydrogel, and water in the water bag, can further reduce the temperature fluctuation as water can host a large amount of heat. Therefore, it could assist in warming up and cooling down an environment in winter and summer, respectively (to be illustrated in the example section given in later paragraphs). This was not realized by any other known energy efficient windows. Water could also be used to retard fire propagation.
  • the water bag consists of water encapsulated in a transparent bag as defined above for the hydrogel bag.
  • the water bag is thicker than the hydrogel bag.
  • Fig. 8A shows the burning of pure PET film (left film) and a hydrogel-laminated PET (right film) over a fire.
  • Fig. 8B shows the results after a period of burning: the pure PET film (left film) burns with a hole after 3 seconds, while the hydrogel-laminated PET (right film) stays intact after 50 seconds.
  • a safety function can be provided with the hydrogel bag inserted or arranged in between the glasses as the hydrogel bag can be used to stop glass crack propagations.
  • Fig. 9 shows the results of the hydrogel bag-laminated glass panel after smashing.
  • a hydrogel bag comprising a film of a temperature responsive hydrogel encapsulated in a transparent plastic bag.
  • the transparent plastic bag minimizes evaporative loss of water present in the temperature responsive hydrogel.
  • a method for forming a hydrogel bag of the second aspect comprises:
  • PNIPAm hydrogel was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of monomer in deionized (DI) water. 11.3 g (0.1 mol) NIPAm and 308 mg (0.002 mol) ⁇ , ⁇ '- methylenebis(acrylamide) were dissolved in 70 °C DI water to make a homogenous 100 ml aqueous solution. After the homogeneous and transparent solution was obtained, the temperature was reduced to 25 °C and this solution was purged with nitrogen gas (N 2 ) for 30 minutes.
  • DI deionized
  • the transmittance spectra in 250 nm - 2500 nm wavelength range were collected on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Cary 5000, Agilent, USA) at normal incidence.
  • the spectrophotometer is equipped with a heating and cooling stage (PE120, Linkam, UK).
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) denotes spectral transmittance
  • ⁇ 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the standard luminous efficiency function of photopic vision in the wavelength range of 380 nm-780 nm
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ P sol (A) are the IR/solar irradiance spectrum for air mass 1.5 (corresponding to the sun standing 37° above the horizon).
  • Fig. 2 shows the solar light transmittance (250 nm-2500 nm) profiles of PNIPAm hydrogel films each with a thickness of 0.8 mm laminated in between two sheets of PET.
  • two transmittance reductions happen at around 1430 nm and 1930 nm wavelength, which is due to the absorption of water at these two wavelengths.
  • the absorption peak of water at around 1430 nm is due to the O-H stretch in the water molecule, while at around 1930 nm water has a unique peak due to a combination of O- H stretch and H-O-H bending.
  • Table 1 Thermochromic properties of PNIPAm hydrogel film with 0.8 mm thickness
  • Glass house A is a bare glass house.
  • Glass house B is a glass house laminated with a hydrogel bag encapsulating 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (hydrogel/PET).
  • Glass house C is a glass house laminated with a hydrogel bag encapsulating 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and a water bag with a 2 cm thickness which is adhered to the hydrogel bag.
  • the water bag which is thicker than the hydrogel bag, is adhered to the hydrogel bag which is in turn adhered to the glass.
  • the setup used in glass house C may be simulated in a business or office setting when there is minimal or no usage of the office building usually after, for example, 5:30 pm in Singapore, in countries having four seasons, and in countries with large variations in daily temperature such as those in the Middle East. This clearly demonstrates the advantage of utilizing the large thermal mass of water in helping to keep temperature fluctuations in a room or building small.
  • Table 2 Recorded temperature of three glass house during a day.
  • A is a bare glass house
  • B is a glass ouse with 0.8 mm hydrogel/PET
  • C is a glass house with 0.8 mm hydrogel PET with 2 cm thick water bas.
  • glass house D is a bare glass house
  • glass house E is a glass house laminated with a 1 cm water bag
  • glass house F is a glass house laminated with a 2 cm water bag.
  • Table 3 Temperature variations in winter condition tests.
  • the panel design is also useful as a safety glass in addition to being a smart window.
  • the hydrogel bag is preferably laminated in between two sheets of glass at around 130 °C.
  • the thermal stability of PNIPAm hydrogel up to 150 °C has been tested.
  • Fig. 7 shows the photographs of the thermal durability tests.
  • bottle 1 (monomer, 0.8 mol/100 ml, no polyvinylalcohol (PVA)); bottle 2 (monomer, 1.0 mol/100 ml, no PVA); bottle 3 (monomer, 1.2 mol/100 ml, no PVA); bottle 4 (monomer, 0.8 mol/100 ml, with PVA) are shown in Fig. 7(a) and a clear transparent solution in each bottle could be observed at room temperature.
  • the hydrogels in all four bottles immediately had a milky white coloration (Fig 7(b) and (c)).
  • the hydrogels in bottles 1 and 2 After three hours of heating at 150 °C, the hydrogels in bottles 1 and 2 still maintained the uniformity in milky white coloration whereas for bottles 3 and 4, water started to separate out from the hydrogels (Fig. 7(d)). It is encouraging to note that after cooling down the four bottles, the initial transparency at room temperature could be observed (i.e. reversible switching between transparent and opaque mode) even for the hydrogels in bottles 3 and 4. Therefore, by tuning the composition of the hydrogel as demonstrated in bottles 1 and 2, the present hydrogel bags can withstand high temperatures up to 150 °C and maintain the uniformity in coloration at high temperature and good reversibility in terms of optical properties.
  • the presently disclosed hydrogel bag design has many advantages over current market products as summarized in Table 4. None of the current commercial products such as double glazed glass, safety glass and low emissivity glass can respond to temperature automatically in modulating transparency, while the present design gives -80% Ar so i, which means the largest possible savings in energy for air conditioning consumption. The present design could also be used as a safety glass since it can be easily laminated between glasses. A thick hydrogel lamination further offers large heat storage and fire resistance which could result in huge energy savings in countries with four seasons and large daily temperature variations. Table 4: Competitor analysis
  • a temperature responsive hydrogel in a transparent plastic bag solves the leakage issue of the hydrogel and offers the flexibility of applying "water bag” since hydrogel is more than 90% water by composition. If the hydrogel is simply laminated or sandwiched in between two sheets of glass or transparent plastic, the water in the hydrogel gets evaporated easily and the durability of the hydrogel is not lasting.
  • One advantage of encapsulating the hydrogel is that water loss is minimized and the hydrogel can act as interlayer to provide safety functionality as well.
  • the encapsulated hydrogel can act as smart window sheets which can be laminated onto glass or kept as free pieces which can be taken in or out freely for maintenance or replacement.
  • the encapsulated hydrogel can be inserted as lamination used in safety glass, which offers smart and safety glass bi-functionality.
  • hydrogel bag encapsulating 0.8 mm poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and had a water bag with 2 cm thickness adhered could offer around 10 °C temperature reduction for about 5 hours and the temperature fluctuation is smoothened out.
  • Such panels may be applicable to countries experiencing four seasons or large daily temperature variations. In Singapore context for example, such panels may be used in office buildings where after work hours air- conditioning is not required.
  • the thermal stability of the hydrogel may reach up to 150 °C for three hours, which is important for safety glass applications.
  • comprising it is meant including, but not limited to, whatever follows the word “comprising”. Thus, use of the term “comprising” indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, but that other elements are optional and may or may not be present.
  • Consisting of is meant including, and limited to, whatever follows the phrase “consisting of. Thus, the phrase “consisting of indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, and that no other elements may be present.
  • thermochromic thin films and their application in energy-efficient glazing.
  • thermochromic V0 2 films enhances the optical transmittance and decreases the metal-insulator transition temperature. Applied Physics Letters 2009, 95 (17), 171909.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte de manière générale à des fenêtres intelligentes. Dans l'un de ses aspects, l'invention concerne un panneau. Ce panneau comprend soit (i) une poche d'hydrogel adhérant sur une feuille de verre ou de plastique transparent, ou sur une surface ; soit (ii) une poche d'hydrogel disposée entre deux feuilles de verre ou de plastique transparent, ces deux feuilles de verre ou de plastique transparent étant espacées l'une de l'autre. La poche d'hydrogel comprend un film d'un hydrogel sensible à la température, encapsulé dans une poche en plastique transparent, cette poche en plastique transparent minimisant la perte par évaporation de l'eau présente dans l'hydrogel sensible à la température. L'importante masse thermique de l'eau dans l'hydrogel pourrait être utilisée pour réguler la température d'une maison afin d'en assurer le réchauffement en hiver et le refroidissement en été. Les panneaux de verre sandwich à poche d'hydrogel possèdent d'autres fonctionnalités de type coupe-feu et sécurité.
PCT/SG2015/050517 2014-12-30 2015-12-30 Conception de panneau pour fenêtres intelligentes à très importante modulation solaire et importante masse thermique WO2016108759A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG11201705277PA SG11201705277PA (en) 2014-12-30 2015-12-30 Panel design for smart windows with ultra large solar modulation and large thermal mass
CN201580074905.6A CN107208450A (zh) 2014-12-30 2015-12-30 用于智能窗户的具有超大太阳能调节和大热质的面板设计

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG10201408804P 2014-12-30
SG10201408804P 2014-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016108759A1 true WO2016108759A1 (fr) 2016-07-07

Family

ID=56284758

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2015/050517 WO2016108759A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2015-12-30 Conception de panneau pour fenêtres intelligentes à très importante modulation solaire et importante masse thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107208450A (fr)
SG (1) SG11201705277PA (fr)
WO (1) WO2016108759A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109293826A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 上海大学 PNIPAm微凝胶及二氧化钒/二氧化硅/PNIPAm复合微凝胶的制备方法
CN111550157A (zh) * 2020-06-06 2020-08-18 中新国际联合研究院 一种新型可调发射率的热变色智能窗户
CN111793236A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-10-20 香港中文大学（深圳） 复合凝胶及其制备方法和智能窗户
CN114109221A (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-03-01 中国石油大学(北京) 一种节能与发电一体化的智能窗及其制备
CN114853931A (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-08-05 四川大学 通过霍夫梅斯特效应调节响应温度的温敏智能窗制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110294831B (zh) * 2019-07-04 2021-08-13 南京大学 一种用于智能窗户的弹性热致变色材料制备方法及其产物和应用
CN113024893B (zh) * 2021-03-29 2022-02-11 上海大学 一种温敏纤维素智能窗
CN113667142B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-09-12 华南师范大学 光热双响应的智能窗及其制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2501418A (en) * 1945-09-01 1950-03-21 Jr John D W Snowden Thermally controlled liquid shading or screening unit
US4260225A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 The Dow Chemical Company Energy saving radiant insulative device
US4877675A (en) * 1988-09-29 1989-10-31 Waqidi Falicoff Light transmitting or reflective sheet responsive to temperature variations
US6020989A (en) * 1997-05-14 2000-02-01 Affinity Co., Ltd. Laminated bodies and windows using them
GB2341200A (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-03-08 David Huw Stephens Thermally insulating panel, fitted inwardly of a window, has side and lower edges in close contact with the adjacent structure
US6165389A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-12-26 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth Of Higher Education Thermally switchable optical devices
US20120189820A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2012-07-26 Gilad Hakim Temperature responsive glazing plate

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2501418A (en) * 1945-09-01 1950-03-21 Jr John D W Snowden Thermally controlled liquid shading or screening unit
US4260225A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 The Dow Chemical Company Energy saving radiant insulative device
US4877675A (en) * 1988-09-29 1989-10-31 Waqidi Falicoff Light transmitting or reflective sheet responsive to temperature variations
US6165389A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-12-26 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth Of Higher Education Thermally switchable optical devices
US6020989A (en) * 1997-05-14 2000-02-01 Affinity Co., Ltd. Laminated bodies and windows using them
GB2341200A (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-03-08 David Huw Stephens Thermally insulating panel, fitted inwardly of a window, has side and lower edges in close contact with the adjacent structure
US20120189820A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2012-07-26 Gilad Hakim Temperature responsive glazing plate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZHOU, Y ET AL.: "Temperature-responsive hydrogel with ultra-large solar modulation and high luminous transmission for ''smart window'' applications", JOURNAL OF MATERIAIS CHEMISTRY A, vol. 2, no. 33, 16 July 2014 (2014-07-16), pages 13550 - 13555, [retrieved on 20160224] *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109293826A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 上海大学 PNIPAm微凝胶及二氧化钒/二氧化硅/PNIPAm复合微凝胶的制备方法
CN111550157A (zh) * 2020-06-06 2020-08-18 中新国际联合研究院 一种新型可调发射率的热变色智能窗户
CN111793236A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-10-20 香港中文大学（深圳） 复合凝胶及其制备方法和智能窗户
CN114109221A (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-03-01 中国石油大学(北京) 一种节能与发电一体化的智能窗及其制备
CN114109221B (zh) * 2021-11-15 2023-02-17 中国石油大学(北京) 一种节能与发电一体化的智能窗及其制备
CN114853931A (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-08-05 四川大学 通过霍夫梅斯特效应调节响应温度的温敏智能窗制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG11201705277PA (en) 2017-07-28
CN107208450A (zh) 2017-09-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2016108759A1 (fr) Conception de panneau pour fenêtres intelligentes à très importante modulation solaire et importante masse thermique
Ghosh et al. Advances in switchable and highly insulating autonomous (self-powered) glazing systems for adaptive low energy buildings
Nundy et al. Thermal and visual comfort analysis of adaptive vacuum integrated switchable suspended particle device window for temperate climate
Ghosh et al. Measured thermal performance of a combined suspended particle switchable device evacuated glazing
Zhou et al. Temperature-responsive hydrogel with ultra-large solar modulation and high luminous transmission for “smart window” applications
CN101460421B (zh) 反射红外线辐射的中空玻璃单元
Giovannini et al. Thermochromic glazing performance: From component experimental characterisation to whole building performance evaluation
Baetens et al. Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review
KR101165527B1 (ko) 열적 절환식 흡수형 윈도우 셔터
Jiang et al. Dynamically adaptive window design with thermo-responsive hydrogel for energy efficiency
Yao et al. Evaluation of indoor thermal environmental, energy and daylighting performance of thermotropic windows
Ghosh et al. Durability of switching behaviour after outdoor exposure for a suspended particle device switchable glazing
Zhang et al. Thermochromic energy efficient windows: Fundamentals, recent advances, and perspectives
EP2462479B1 (fr) Produit de fenêtrage économe en énergie doté d un dispositif à particules en suspension
TW201422427A (zh) 能源效率膜
CN105645789B (zh) 一种热垒中空玻璃
Hollands et al. Glazings and coatings
US20130286461A1 (en) Synergistic reversible chromism
Ye et al. Design and evaluation of a thermochromic roof system for energy saving based on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) aqueous solution
WO2004104132A1 (fr) Lamine regulant la lumiere de maniere autonome et fenetre l'utilisant
Karlsson et al. Angle-resolved optical characterisation of an electrochromic device
Favoino et al. Building performance of thermochromic glazing
Granqvist Electrochromic glazing for energy efficient buildings
CN204940623U (zh) 一种玻璃幕墙
Bizoňová Theoretical background of ideal glazing based on adaptive thermal-optical parameters

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15875804

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 11201705277P

Country of ref document: SG

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15875804

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1