WO2016107560A1 - 一种生态功能型磷肥及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生态功能型磷肥及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016107560A1
WO2016107560A1 PCT/CN2015/099522 CN2015099522W WO2016107560A1 WO 2016107560 A1 WO2016107560 A1 WO 2016107560A1 CN 2015099522 W CN2015099522 W CN 2015099522W WO 2016107560 A1 WO2016107560 A1 WO 2016107560A1
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soil
fertilizer
ecological
phosphate fertilizer
phosphate
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PCT/CN2015/099522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈庆
孙丽枝
叶任海
陈兵
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成都新柯力化工科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2016107560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107560A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fertilizers for crops, and more particularly to an ecologically functional phosphate fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
  • Phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in crop growth. Phosphate fertilizer has a small moving distance in the soil and slow absorption of the crop. Phosphate fertilizer exists in the soil in the form of phosphoric acid in the soil, and some of it exists in the form of phosphate. The phosphate easily reacts with metal ions such as iron and aluminum in the soil. The formation of difficult phosphate, fixed phosphate fertilizer, reducing the utilization of phosphate fertilizer, causing soil compaction, reducing soil fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, increasing the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and preventing the fixation of phosphate fertilizer by metal ions in the soil are the main problems faced by phosphate fertilizer.
  • Organic waste is waste organic matter left in industrial production, such as sugar cane residue in the sugar industry, distiller's grains remaining in the wine industry, and fruit residue remaining in fruit processing. If not used, it will increase. Pollution to the environment. These wastes contain a large amount of organic matter and different organic acids and nutrients, which have a positive effect on the growth of microorganisms in crops and soil. At present, such wastes are combined with phosphate fertilizer to form an organic phosphate fertilizer; or biological bacteria and phosphate fertilizers are co-fermented or mixed to form a biological phosphate fertilizer.
  • Chinese Invention Patent No. 1227773 discloses an ecological rare earth phosphate fertilizer and a production method thereof, which will The ore or mud phosphorus, rare earth, human or animal manure or / and garbage or / and plant stalk, and concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid are mixed uniformly, and then fermented under high temperature and high pressure. This invention is primarily used as a fermentation process.
  • Chinese Invention Patent No. 1413954 discloses a biological humic acid organic phosphate fertilizer, which is prepared by ammonium humic acid, superphosphate, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium microbial active bacteria, and phosphorous powder fermented by biological bacteria. Processed to make.
  • organic phosphorus fertilizer the composition of which is composed of superphosphate, clay soil (humic acid), organic and organic material of animal and plant, bran, magnesium oxide powder and water. Peat soil, etc., after adding ripening, and then adding animal and plant organic raw materials to mix.
  • China Invention Patent No. 1526685 discloses organic phosphate fertilizer (potassium fertilizer) fertilizer, mainly using animal bone powder, bone charcoal and other raw materials, plant matter, plant ash, kelp powder and cake fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium-dissolving bacterial fertilizer, scientifically matched It is pulverized, stirred and mixed, and dried at a high temperature.
  • 103242084A discloses a slow-release phosphate fertilizer, which is a phosphate rock powder, a biological bacterial sustained-release agent, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 2, a bentonite mixed pile fermentation, and a granulation, wherein the biological bacterial sustained-release agent is sugar cane. Cheng, chicken manure, distiller's grains, sludge and various microbial bacteria mixed fermentation.
  • the above patents are all organic or bio-phosphorus fertilizers prepared by the process of mixing phosphate fertilizer with organic waste or microorganisms or different degrees of fermentation, but all have the problems of low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and decreased fertility caused by soil compaction after a large number of uses.
  • the present invention provides an ecologically functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • the eco-functional phosphate fertilizer mainly uses organic waste containing a large amount of sugars, amino acids and trace elements as organic matter, and combines organic waste with phosphate fertilizer by chemical bonding conditions under certain conditions to prevent phosphate fertilizer from being fixed by metal ions in the soil, thereby improving The utilization rate; the combination of the same organic small molecules in the organic matter increases the moving distance and rate of the phosphate fertilizer, increases the absorption rate of the phosphate fertilizer, enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of the crop; adds activated carbon and ecological function conditioning It can enhance the soil's ability to resist drought and water retention, improve soil compaction, enhance soil fertility, and restore soil to a good ecological cycle.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preparing an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer, which first decomposes and sterilizes organic waste, and then adds phosphate fertilizer to organic matter and phosphorus under a certain temperature condition.
  • the fertilizer is combined by chemical bonding, and mixed with activated carbon and an ecological functional conditioning agent.
  • An ecologically functional phosphate fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized in that: its composition is in parts by weight of:
  • Phosphate fertilizer 20 ⁇ 30 parts
  • bone powder 5 to 10 parts
  • Ecological functional conditioning agent 10 to 15 parts.
  • the above-mentioned phosphate fertilizer is one or more of the following materials: phosphate rock powder, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate
  • the sugar cane described above is a sugar cane waste, which contains a large amount of sugars and cellulose, and various trace elements, wherein by active treatment, cellulose can be chemically bonded with the phosphate in the phosphate fertilizer. It can effectively prevent the phosphate fertilizer from being fixed by metal ions such as iron and aluminum in the soil.
  • the moving distance and rate of the same cellulose in the soil can drive the movement of phosphoric acid, which can increase the absorption rate and utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer of the crop;
  • Organic matter can provide organic matter to the soil.
  • the sugar can provide energy for microorganisms in the soil, increase the activity of microorganisms, promote the growth of microorganisms, thereby improving soil compaction and improving soil fertility.
  • the above-mentioned fruit is a residual fruit in the processing of fruit, which contains a large amount of crude protein, crude fiber, trace elements, organic acids and vitamins, among which amino acids such as lysine, methionine and arginine Vitamins are small molecular organic substances, which can be directly absorbed by the roots of crops, promote the synthesis of organic matter in crops, and can be combined with phosphate fertilizers to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers.
  • the carbohydrates contained in the fruit are decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, which can provide nutrients to the microorganisms, increase the content of organic matter in the soil, improve soil compaction, and increase soil fertility.
  • the content of organic phosphorus in the same fruit is also high, which can be directly decomposed into a phosphorus source for crops.
  • the above-mentioned wine is rich in crude protein, cellulose, amino acid, yeast and trace elements, wherein the organic substance can be chemically combined with the phosphate fertilizer in the presence of the active agent, and the phosphate fertilizer is lowered. Fixed, the same can also promote the absorption of phosphate fertilizer.
  • the yeast can promote the organic and fruit cane
  • the decomposition of the substance enables the macromolecular saccharides, crude protein and cellulose to be decomposed into small molecular organic substances for crop absorption, improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of the crop, and improve the quality of the crop.
  • the yeast in Jiucheng adapts to the environment of Jiucheng, so its survival rate and reproduction rate are higher than that of the inoculated strain, and there is no need to inoculate the microbial bacteria to decompose sugarcane and fruit.
  • Bentonite, diatomaceous earth, attapulgite and medical stone have adsorption performance and good surface hydrophilicity. They can absorb water in the soil for preservation, and achieve the purpose of water retention, which can enhance the drought resistance of crops.
  • the same ecological function conditioner is a natural mineral with good compatibility with soil, which can increase the agglomerate structure of the soil, improve the permeability of the soil, promote microbial activity, improve soil compaction, improve soil fertility, and restore the soil's naturalness. Ecology.
  • the method for preparing an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized in that: the following steps are:
  • step (1) The substance in the step (1) is stirred and turned, and the temperature is further increased to 60 to 70 ° C.
  • the phosphate fertilizer and the bone powder are added to the crucible, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly. After the temperature is maintained for 7 to 10 hours, the temperature is lowered to 30. ⁇ 40 ° C;
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirred at 30 ⁇ 40 ° C, set the stirring rate of 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • step (2) the temperature is raised by 60 to 70 ° C, which kills most of the bacteria in the organic matter, and the same can promote the reaction between the phosphate fertilizer and the organic matter.
  • the invention relates to an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which utilizes the production of organic waste in the industry as the main carrier of the phosphate fertilizer, and combines the organic matter with the phosphate fertilizer by the high temperature process, thereby effectively preventing the phosphate fertilizer and the soil.
  • the metal ions such as iron and aluminum form insoluble phosphates, which are combined with small organic matter in organic matter to increase the moving distance and transfer rate of phosphate fertilizer, increase the absorption of phosphate fertilizer by crops, and enhance the resistance of crops. Sex, raising crops
  • the quality of the phosphate fertilizer is increased.
  • the eco-functional phosphate fertilizer fully utilizes organic waste, reduces environmental pollution of organic waste, and acts as a fertilizer to increase organic matter in the soil and improve soil.
  • the activity of microorganisms promotes the reproduction of microorganisms; the same can also regulate the soil ecological environment, not only can maintain water and fertilizer, improve the drought resistance of crops, increase the agglomerate structure of soil, improve soil permeability and improve soil compaction.
  • the situation to achieve the purpose of water conservation and fertilizer conservation, to protect the soil ecological environment and improve soil fertility
  • the substances used in the present invention are all environmentally friendly substances, and will not cause pollution to the soil environment, and long-term use can improve soil environmental pollution.
  • the material used in the invention is used in combination of sugar cane, fruit and wine, which can eliminate the fermentation process of microbial fertilizer, and the production process is simple and efficient, and has market application value.
  • step (1) The material in the step (1) is stirred and turned, and the temperature is further increased to 60 ° C.
  • the phosphate ore powder and the bone powder are added to the crucible, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly. After maintaining the condition for 10 hours, the temperature is lowered to 30 to 40. °C;
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirred at 30 ⁇ 40 ° C, set the stirring rate of 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • step (1) The substance in the step (1) is stirred and turned, and the temperature is further increased to 70 ° C.
  • the bismuth phosphate is added to the monoammonium phosphate and the bone powder, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly. After maintaining the condition for 7 hours, the temperature is lowered to 30 to 40. °C;
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirred at 30 ⁇ 40 ° C, set the stirring rate of 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • the disease resistance and resilience of the crop are obviously enhanced, and the crop quality is good, the organic carbon in the soil is obviously increased, the microbial activity is enhanced, the soil wettability is increased, and the soil fertility is improved.
  • the preparation method steps are as follows: [0057] (1) The sugar cane Cheng, Guocheng pulverized to a size of l ⁇ 5cm, as for the reaction tank, and then added to the wine and mixed evenly, set slowly to 50 ° C, for 15h;
  • step (1) The material in the step (1) is stirred and turned, and the temperature is further raised to 65 ° C.
  • the bismuth phosphate and the bone powder are added to the crucible, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly. After maintaining the condition for 8 hours, the temperature is lowered to 30 to 40. °C;
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirred at 30 ⁇ 40 ° C, set the stirring rate of 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • step (1) The substance in the step (1) is stirred and turned, and the temperature is further increased to 60 ° C.
  • the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the bone powder are added to the crucible, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly. After maintaining the condition for 10 hours, the temperature is lowered to 30 °. 40 ° C;
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirred at 30 ⁇ 40 ° C, set the stirring rate of 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • step (3) adding activated carbon and ecological functional conditioning agent to step (2), fully stirring at 30-40 ° C, setting the stirring rate to 50r / mi n ⁇ 80 r / min, here Under the conditions of 3 ⁇ 5h, dry and discharge, it has an ecological functional phosphate fertilizer.
  • the eco-functional phosphate fertilizer uses organic waste as the main organic matter, and combines with the phosphate fertilizer to increase the moving distance of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and prevent the phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in the soil by metal ions such as iron and aluminum. It can improve soil, increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil organic matter, improve soil compaction, increase microbial activity, enhance crop resistance, disease resistance and drought and water retention capacity, and rationally utilize organic waste in the provision of phosphate fertilizer to make rational use of resources. , reducing environmental burden, is an environmentally friendly ecological function phosphate fertilizer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于农作物肥料领域,具体涉及一种生态功能型磷肥及制备方法。本发明主要由磷肥、有机废弃物和生态功能调理剂组成,先对有机废弃物进行处理,再与磷肥在活性剂的存在下进行结合反应生成一种生态功能型磷肥。该生态功能型磷肥以有机废弃物作为主要有机质,同时与磷肥进行结合,能够增大磷肥在土壤中的移动距离,防止磷肥在土壤中被铁铝等金属离子固定,同时还可改良土壤,增加土壤团粒结构,提高土壤有机质,改善土壤的板结,提高微生物活性,增强作物抗逆抗病和抗旱保水能力,在提供磷肥的同时可合理利用有机废弃物,使资源合理利用,减少环境负担,是一种环保型的生态功能磷肥。

Description

一种生态功能型磷肥及制备方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于农作物的肥料领域, 更确切的说是涉及一种生态功能型磷肥及其制 备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 目前因化肥的不科学使用造成的自然生态环境的污染和破坏越来越大, 同吋食 品安全已成了民生问题的一项重要课题, 人们对无污染生态环境的渴望和绿色 食品的需求越来越迫切。 但我国为人口和经济大国, 为了满足人们的粮食需求 , 肥料的使用是必不可少的。 生态肥料是一种环境友好型肥料, 其含有大量的 有机质, 施入土壤中可促进土壤中微生物的活性, 增强作物抗逆抗病能力, 降 低作物重茬, 连年施用可大大缓解连作障碍, 提升农产品品质; 还可改良土壤 结构, 增加土壤的孔隙率, 防止土壤板结; 同吋可减少水分流失与蒸发、 减轻 干旱的压力、 保肥、 减少化肥、 减轻盐碱损害, 提升土壤肥力, 达到提供营养 的同吋, 改善土壤的作用。
[0003] 磷肥对作物的生长具有很重要的作用。 磷肥在土壤中的移动距离小, 作物吸收 慢, 磷肥在土壤中一部分以磷酸的形式存在于土壤中, 一部分以磷酸盐的形式 存在, 磷酸根易与土壤中的铁铝等金属离子进行反应, 生成难容的磷酸盐, 固 定磷肥, 降低了磷肥的利用率, 造成土壤板结, 降低土壤肥效。 因此提高磷肥 的利用率, 防止磷肥被土壤中金属离子固定是目前磷肥面临的主要问题。
[0004] 有机废弃物是工业生产中所残留的废弃有机物, 如制糖工业中残留的甘蔗澄、 酿酒工业中残留的酒糟以及水果加工中残留的果澄等, 如不加以利用, 将会增 加对环境的污染。 这些废弃物中均含有大量的有机质, 且还有不同的有机酸和 营养物质, 对作物和土壤中微生物的生长均有积极作用。 目前也存在将此类废 弃物与磷肥结合, 生成一种有机磷肥; 或是加入生物菌类与磷肥共同发酵或是 混合, 生成一种生物磷肥。
[0005] 中国发明专利公幵号 1229773公幵了一种生态稀土系磷肥及其生产方法,其将磷 矿石或泥磷、 稀土、 人或动物粪或 /和垃圾或 /和植物稿秆、 以及浓硫酸或浓硝 酸混合均匀后,在高温高压下发酵所得。 该发明主要所用为发酵工艺。 中国发明 专利公幵号 1413954公幵了一种生物腐殖酸有机磷肥,它由铵化腐殖酸、 过磷酸 钙、 有机物、 磷钾微生物活性菌、 磷粉经生物菌发酵后混合再发酵工艺处理制 成。 中国发明专利公幵号 1280970公幵了有机质磷肥,其组份为过磷酸钙、 泥碳 土 (腐殖酸) 、 动植物有机原料、 麸、 氧化镁粉、 水份组成, 是将过磷酸钙、 泥炭土等进行加熟化后再加加入动植物有机原料混合所得。 中国发明专利公幵 号 1526685公幵了有机磷肥(钾肥)肥料, 主要采用动物骨粉,骨炭等原料,植物物 质,草木灰,海带粉和饼肥类及解磷,解钾细菌性肥料,经过科学配比,粉碎搅拌混 合选粒,高温干燥而成。 中国发明专利公幵号 103242084A公幵了一种缓释磷肥, 是磷矿粉, 生物菌缓释剂、 钙镁磷肥 2、 膨润土混合堆放发酵, 造粒所得, 其中 的生物菌缓释剂为甘蔗澄、 鸡粪、 酒糟、 污泥以及各种微生物菌混合发酵所得 。 以上专利都是通过磷肥与有机废弃物或者微生物利用混合或不同程度发酵的 工艺而制得的有机或生物磷肥, 但都存在磷肥利用率低和大量使用后土壤板结 造成肥力下降的问题。
技术问题
[0006] 磷肥的低利用率和目前土壤存在的板结和肥力降低。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 本发明提出一种生态功能型磷肥。 该生态功能型磷肥主要是采用含有大量糖类 、 氨基酸和微量元素的有机废弃物作为有机质, 利用一定条件将有机废弃物与 磷肥以化学键的方式结合, 防止磷肥在土壤中被金属离子固定, 提高了利用率 ; 同吋与有机质中的有机小分子结合, 增大了磷肥的移动距离和速率, 提高了 作物对磷肥的吸收速率, 增强作物的抗病抗逆; 同吋加入活性炭和生态功能调 理剂, 能够增强土壤的抗旱保水能力, 改善土壤板结情况, 提升土壤肥力, 使 土壤恢复良好生态循环。
[0008] 本发明进一步提供了一种生态功能型磷肥的制备方法, 该方法是先通过对有机 废弃物进行分解和灭菌处理, 再加入磷肥, 在一定温度的条件下将有机质与磷 肥以化学键的方式结合, 加入活性炭和生态功能调理剂混合而成。
[0009] 本发明一种生态功能型磷肥, 其特征在于: 其组成为以下物质的重量份:
[0010] 磷肥: 20~30份,
[0011] 甘蔗澄: 20~30份,
[0012] 果澄: 10~15份,
[0013] 酒澄: 10~15份,
[0014] 骨粉: 5~10份,
[0015] 活性炭: 5~10份,
[0016] 生态功能调理剂: 10~15份。
[0017] 上述所述的磷肥为以下物质中的一种或几种: 磷矿石粉、 磷酸一铵、 磷酸二铵
、 磷酸二氢钾。
[0018] 上述所述的甘蔗澄为糖厂废弃甘蔗澄, 其中含有大量的糖类和纤维素, 以及各 种微量元素, 其中通过活性处理, 纤维素能够与磷肥中的磷酸根通过化学键结 合, 可有效防止磷肥被土壤中的铁铝等金属离子固定, 同吋纤维素在土壤中的 移动距离和速率可带动磷酸的移动, 可提高作物对磷肥的吸收率和利用率; 甘 蔗澄中的大量有机物能够为土壤提供有机质, 其中的糖类可为土壤中微生物提 供能量, 提高微生物的活性, 促进微生物的生长, 从而改善土壤板结情况, 提 高土壤肥力。
[0019] 上述所述的果澄为水果加工中的残留果澄, 其中含有大量的粗蛋白、 粗纤维、 微量元素、 有机酸以及维生素, 其中的氨基酸如赖氨酸、 蛋氨酸、 精氨酸以及 维生素均为小分子有机物, 能够被作物根部直接吸收, 促进作物体内有机物的 合成, 同吋又能很好的与磷肥结合, 提高磷肥的利用率。 果澄中含有的碳水化 合物在土壤中被微生物分解后, 能够为微生物提供营养物质, 提高土壤中有机 质的含量, 改善土壤板结, 增加土壤的肥力。 同吋果澄中的有机磷含量也较高 , 可直接分解为作物提供磷源。
[0020] 上述所述的酒澄为中含有大量的粗蛋白、 纤维素、 氨基酸、 酵母菌和微量元素 , 其中的有机物能够在活性剂的存在下与磷肥很好的化学结合, 降低了磷肥的 固定, 同吋还可促进磷肥的吸收。 其中的酵母菌能够促进果澄和甘蔗澄中有机 物的分解, 使其中的大分子糖类、 粗蛋白和纤维素能够分解为小分子有机物供 作物吸收, 提高作物的抗病抗逆性能, 提高作物的品质。 酒澄中的酵母菌适应 酒澄中环境, 因此其成活率和繁殖率均比接种的菌种高, 无需另行接种微生物 菌分解甘蔗澄和果澄。
[0021] 上述所述的生态功能调理剂为由以下物质组成: 膨润土、 硅藻土、 凹凸棒土、 麦饭石, 其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =3~5:1~2: 1~2: 1~2, 其中 粒度为 100~200目。 膨润土、 硅藻土、 凹凸棒土和麦饭石均具有吸附性能和良好 的表面亲水性能, 能够吸收土壤中的水分进行保存, 达到保水的目的, 可增强 作物的抗旱能力。 同吋生态功能调理剂为天然矿物, 与土壤具有良好的相容性 , 能够增加土壤的团粒结构, 改善土壤的通透性能, 促进微生物活性, 改良土 壤的板结, 提高土壤肥力, 恢复土壤的自然生态。
[0022] 本发明一种生态功能型磷肥的制备方法, 其特征在于: 具有以下步骤:
[0023] ( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 45~50°C, 保持 15~20h ;
[0024] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 60~70°C, 此吋加入磷肥和 骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 7~10h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
[0025] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0026] 上述步骤 (2) 中, 将温度升值 60~70°C吋, 此吋可杀死有机质中的大部分细菌 , 同吋又可促进磷肥与有机质的反应。
[0027] 本发明一种生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 利用工业中的生产有机废弃物作为 磷肥的主要载体, 利用高温工艺处理, 将有机物与磷肥结合在一起, 可有效防 止磷肥与土壤中的铁铝等金属离子生成难溶性磷酸盐被固定, 同吋与有机物中 的小分子有机物结合, 可增大磷肥的移动距离和传送速率, 提高作物对磷肥的 吸收, 增强作物的抗逆抗病性, 提升作物
[0028] 的品质, 提高磷肥的利用率。 该生态功能型磷肥将有机废弃物充分合理利用, 减少了有机废弃物对环境的污染, 用作肥料可增加土壤中的有机质, 提高土壤 中微生物的活性, 促进微生物的繁殖; 同吋还可调节土壤生态环境, 不仅可以 保水保肥, 提高作物的抗旱能力, 还可增加土壤的团粒结构, 提高土壤的通透 性, 改善土壤的板结情况, 达到保水保肥的目的, 保护了土壤生态环境, 提高 了土壤肥力
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0029] 本发明生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 其突出特点和有益效果在于:
[0030] 1、 利用有机废弃物甘蔗澄、 果澄和酒澄等提供有机质, 与磷肥进行化学结合
, 有效防止磷肥被土壤金属离子固定, 可达到磷肥缓慢释放的目的, 提高了磷 肥的利用率, 增加作物的抗病抗逆能力, 保水保肥, 环保无污染。
[0031] 2、 改善土壤板结情况, 增大土壤的团粒结构, 提高土壤中微生物活性, 增强 作物的抗逆抗病性, 增加土壤中有机碳含量, 提升土壤肥力。
[0032] 3、 本发明所采用物质均为环境友好型物质, 不会对土壤环境造成污染, 长期 使用可改善土壤环境污染状况。
[0033] 4、 本发明所采用物质甘蔗澄、 果澄和酒澄混合使用, 可免去对微生物肥接种 发酵过程, 生产工艺简单且高效, 具有市场应用价值。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0034] 实施例 1
[0035] 一种生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 其组成为以下物质的重量份:
[0036] 磷矿石粉 20份, 甘蔗澄 30份, 果澄 10份, 酒澄 15份, 骨粉 10份, 活性炭 5份
, 生态功能调理剂 10份。
[0037] 其中生态调理剂其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =3: 2:1: 2
[0038] 其制备方法步骤为:
[0039] (1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 45°C, 保持 20h ;
[0040] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 60°C, 此吋加入磷矿石粉和 骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 10h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C; [0041] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0042] 该肥料使用后, 作物的抗病抗逆能力明显增强, 且作物品质良好, 土壤中的有 机碳明显增加, 微生物活性增强, 土壤的湿润度增大, 土壤肥力大大提升。
本发明的实施方式
[0043] 实施例 2
[0044] 一种生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 其组成为以下物质的重量份:
[0045] 磷酸一铵 25份, 甘蔗澄 25份, 果澄 15份, 酒澄 10份, 骨粉 5份, 活性炭 5份, 生 态功能调理剂 15份。
[0046] 其中生态调理剂其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =4: 2:2: 1
[0047] 其制备方法步骤为:
[0048] ( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 48°C, 保持 18h;
[0049] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 70°C, 此吋加入磷酸一铵和 骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 7h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
[0050] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0051] 该肥料使用后, 作物的抗病抗逆能力明显增强, 且作物品质良好, 土壤中的有 机碳明显增加, 微生物活性增强, 土壤的湿润度增大, 土壤肥力有所提升。
[0052] 实施例 3
[0053] 一种生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 其组成为以下物质的重量份:
[0054] 磷酸二铵 30份, 甘蔗澄 20份, 果澄 10份, 酒澄 10份, 骨粉 5份, 活性炭 10份, 生态功能调理剂 15份。
[0055] 其中生态调理剂其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =5: 1:2: 2
[0056] 其制备方法步骤为: [0057] ( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 50°C, 保持 15h;
[0058] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 65°C, 此吋加入磷酸二铵和 骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 8h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
[0059] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0060] 该肥料使用后, 作物明显增产, 且作物品质良好, 土壤中的有机碳明显增加, 微生物活性增强, 土壤板结情况得到了改善, 土壤肥力逐渐恢复。
[0061] 实施例 4
[0062] 磷酸二氢钾 20份, 甘蔗澄 30份, 果澄 10份, 酒澄 15份, 骨粉 10份, 活性炭 5份
, 生态功能调理剂 10份。
[0063] 其中生态调理剂其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =4: 1: 1: 2
[0064] 其制备方法步骤为:
[0065] ( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 45°C, 保持 20h;
[0066] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 60°C, 此吋加入磷酸二氢钾 和骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 10h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
[0067] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0068] 实施例 5
[0069] 一种生态功能型磷肥及其制备方法, 其组成为以下物质的重量份:
[0070] 磷酸二氢钾 10份, 磷矿石粉 20份, 甘蔗澄 20份, 果澄 10份, 酒澄 10份, 骨粉 5 份, 活性炭 10份, 生态功能调理剂 15份。
[0071] 其中生态调理剂其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土: 麦饭石 =5: 1: 1: 1
[0072] 其制备方法步骤为:
[0073] ( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒澄混合均 匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 50°C, 保持 15h;
[0074] (2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 65°C, 此吋加入磷酸二氢钾
、 磷矿石粉和骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 8h后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
[0075] (3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的条件下充 分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
[0076] 该肥料使用后, 作物的抗病抗逆能力明显增强, 且作物品质良好, 磷肥的利用 率明显提高 10%~15<¾, 土壤中的有机碳明显增加, 微生物活性增强, 土壤的湿 润度增大, 土壤肥力大大提升。
工业实用性
[0077] 该生态功能型磷肥以有机废弃物作为主要有机质, 同吋与磷肥进行结合, 能够 增大磷肥在土壤中的移动距离, 防止磷肥在土壤中被铁铝等金属离子固定, 同 吋还可改良土壤, 增加土壤团粒结构, 提高土壤有机质, 改善土壤的板结, 提 高微生物活性, 增强作物抗逆抗病和抗旱保水能力, 在提供磷肥的同吋可合理 利用有机废弃物, 使资源合理利用, 减少环境负担, 是一种环保型的生态功能 磷肥。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种生态功能型磷肥, 其特征在于: 由含有大量糖类、 氨基酸和微量 元素的有机废弃物作为有机质, 同吋添加生态功能调理剂, 其组成为 以下物质的重量份:
磷肥: 20~30份,
甘蔗澄: 20~30份,
果澄: 10~15份,
酒澄: 10~15份,
骨粉: 5~10份,
活性炭: 5~10份,
生态功能调理剂: 10~15份,
其中所述的磷肥为以下物质中的一种或几种: 磷矿石粉、 磷酸一铵、 磷酸二铵、 磷酸二氢钾; 所述的甘蔗澄含有大量糖类、 纤维素和微量 元素; 所述的果澄含有粗蛋白和有机酸; 所述的酒澄含有氨基酸、 酵 母菌和微量元素; 所述的生态功能调理剂为由以下物质组成: 膨润土 、 硅藻土、 凹凸棒土、 麦饭石, 其比例为膨润土: 硅藻土: 凹凸棒土 : 麦饭石 =3~5: 1~2: 1~2: 1~2, 其中粒度为 100~200目。
[权利要求 2] —种生态功能型磷肥的制备方法, 其特征在于: 其制备方法包括以下 步骤:
( 1) 将甘蔗澄、 果澄粉碎至 l~5cm大小, 至于反应槽中, 再加入酒 澄混合均匀后, 设定缓慢升温至 45~50°C, 保持 15~20h ;
(2) 将步骤 (1) 中的物质搅拌翻动, 继续升温至 60~70°C, 此吋加 入磷肥和骨粉, 充分搅拌, 在此条件下保持 7~10h 后, 降低温度至 30~40°C;
(3) 将活性炭和生态功能调理剂加入至步骤 (2) 中, 在 30~40°C的 条件下充分搅拌, 设定搅拌速率为 50r/min~80r/min, 在此条件下保 持 3~5h, 干燥出料, 既得一种生态功能型磷肥。
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