WO2016107503A1 - 一种站点与接入点之间建立通信连接的方法、接入点和站点 - Google Patents

一种站点与接入点之间建立通信连接的方法、接入点和站点 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107503A1
WO2016107503A1 PCT/CN2015/098996 CN2015098996W WO2016107503A1 WO 2016107503 A1 WO2016107503 A1 WO 2016107503A1 CN 2015098996 W CN2015098996 W CN 2015098996W WO 2016107503 A1 WO2016107503 A1 WO 2016107503A1
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Prior art keywords
stas
frame
sta
response
response frame
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PCT/CN2015/098996
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭宇宸
杨讯
禄彼得
林梅露
李彦淳
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP15875180.0A priority Critical patent/EP3200491B1/en
Publication of WO2016107503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107503A1/zh
Priority to US15/627,048 priority patent/US10708960B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/083—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and more specifically, to a communication connection between a site (English full name: Station; English abbreviation: STA) and an access point (English full name Access Point; English abbreviation: AP) method.
  • a site English full name: Station; English abbreviation: STA
  • an access point English full name Access Point; English abbreviation: AP
  • the STA and the AP perform data communication on the premise that the STA has been associated with the AP, and before the association, the STA must first To the AP for authentication, the authentication process can also be called an authentication process. After the authentication is completed, the STA initiates an association process with the AP, and the successfully associated STA can perform data communication with the AP.
  • the authentication process can also be called an authentication process.
  • the authentication or association process between multiple STAs and an AP is relatively independent, that is, different STAs respectively contend for a channel, send an authentication frame or an associated request frame, and the AP receives the authentication. After the frame or the associated request frame, a corresponding response is sent separately for each STA, and these responses occupy more downlink resources.
  • the present invention provides an access point, a STA, and a method for establishing a communication connection between the STA and the AP, so as to solve the problem that the downlink resources are occupied in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides an AP comprising a processor (122), a memory (124) and a wireless interface (126); a memory (124) for storing instructions; and the wireless interface (126) Connecting the AP to N STAs; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the instructions are executed according to the instructions in the memory (122):
  • the response frame includes the identifiers of the M STAs and The M responses of the M STAs; the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses, and are used to indicate that the M STAs receive a response that belongs to oneself from the response frame sent by the AP; M is a natural number less than or equal to N.
  • the value of the M may be 1 or a number greater than 1, that is, 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N, N ⁇ 1.
  • the identifier of the foregoing STA may be a PMA, and is generated by the processor (122) according to the MAC addresses of the M STAs stored in the memory (124).
  • the identifier of the STA may also be a temporary AID; the temporary AID is a sequence randomly selected by each STA from a preset sequence range, and is carried in the request frame and sent to the request frame. Or the temporary AID is generated by the processor (122) and sent to each STA through a response frame before transmitting the response frame.
  • the preset sequence range may be determined by the processor (122) and sent to each STA by using the wireless interface.
  • the N may be determined in multiple manners.
  • the N may represent the number of STAs that send request frames to the AP within a preset time range.
  • the AP may further include a timer (128) for setting a time range; the processor (122) is further configured to pass the wireless interface within a time range set by the timer (128) (126) Receiving a request frame sent by the STA, the N indicating the number of STAs transmitting the request frame to the AP within the time range.
  • the value of the foregoing N may be determined by the processor (122), where the value of N is the maximum number of users that can be supported by one downlink OFDMA frame or downlink MU MIMO frame or downlink multicast frame. Or the value of N is the number of STAs that the AP tends to support access.
  • the MU MIMO mode or the downlink multicast frame is sent to send the response of the M STAs, and the processor (122) of the AP may send one to each STA through the wireless interface (126) before transmitting the response frame.
  • An acknowledgment frame the acknowledgment frame includes an indication information, where the indication information is used to notify each STA that the AP will send the response of the M STAs by means of a downlink OFDMA or a downlink MU MIMO mode or a downlink multicast frame.
  • the following is an example of the OFDMA mode.
  • the processor (122) of the AP receives the request frame sent by the N STAs and contends the channel, and sends the response of the M STAs on different subbands of the channel that is successfully contending.
  • the processor (122) of the foregoing AP may also send the data frame or the management frame of other STAs together with the response of the foregoing M STAs in the response frame. For example, if there are J modes supporting the downlink OFDMA or the MU MIMO mode or the multicast frame in the K STAs that are waiting to receive the data frame or the management frame from the AP, the response frame sent by the AP further includes the J STAs.
  • the above-mentioned M STAs support the uplink OFDMA mode or the MU MIMO mode.
  • the AP may also request the M STAs to subsequently place the M STA request frames on the M subbands or Ms of the same uplink channel.
  • the processor (122) sends a trigger signaling by using the radio interface (126), where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are sent on M subbands or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel.
  • the other M request frames of the M STAs are used to indicate that the M STAs are sent on M subbands or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel.
  • trigger signaling may be further used to indicate that another J STAs send data frames, scheduling request frames, and scheduling requests of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel.
  • the present invention provides a STA, characterized in that the STA comprises a processor (112), a memory (114) and a wireless interface (116):
  • the memory (114) is configured to store instructions; the wireless interface (116) is configured to connect the STA and an access point (AP);
  • the processor (112) is coupled to the memory (114) for reading instructions in the memory (114) and performing the following steps in accordance with the instructions:
  • the AP Sending a request frame to the AP through a radio interface (116), and receiving a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an identifier of M STAs and an M for the M STAs Responses, the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses; the M is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the STA provided by the above invention is one of M STAs.
  • the response frame may further include identifiers of other J STAs and the J pieces.
  • TA data frame or management frame At this time, the value of M may be 1 or a number greater than 1, that is, 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N, and N ⁇ 1.
  • the memory (114) is further configured to store a MAC address of the STA
  • the processor (112) is further configured to use the STA saved in the memory (114)
  • the MAC address generates the identity of the STA.
  • the STA and the AP may use the same algorithm or formula to generate the identifier of the STA. For example, both the STA and the AP may use the description. Describe the way to generate the PMA and use the generated PMA as the STA's identity.
  • the STA After receiving the identifiers of the M STAs sent by the AP, the STA may match the identifier of the STA generated by the AP with the identifiers of the M STAs in the response frame sent by the AP to obtain a response that belongs to the STA.
  • the identifier of the STA may also be a temporary AID; the processor (112) is further configured to use a sequence randomly selected from a preset sequence range as a temporary AID, and carry the The request frame is sent to the AP; or the processor (112) is further configured to receive, by the wireless interface (116), a response frame sent by the AP, before the receiving the response frame, the response The temporary AID is included in the frame.
  • the preset sequence range may be determined by the AP, so the processor (112) may be further configured to receive, by using the wireless interface (116), the preset sequence range sent by the AP.
  • the STA that sends the request frame to the AP may have N, and the M STAs are part or all of the N STAs, and the M is less than or equal to N.
  • the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the above N represents the number of STAs that send an authentication frame to the AP within a preset time range.
  • the foregoing N may also be determined by the AP, where the value of N is a maximum number of users that can be supported by a downlink OFDMA frame or a downlink MU MIMO frame or a downlink multicast frame, or the value of the N The number of STAs that the AP can support access to.
  • the processor (112) is further configured to: before receiving the response frame sent by the AP, receive a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an indication information, and the processor (112) And being further configured to learn, according to the indication information, that the AP sends a response of the M STAs by using the response frame.
  • the response frame further includes a data frame or a management frame of the other J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs is configured according to the identifier saved by the STA.
  • the identification of the J STAs is matched to receive a data frame or a management frame belonging to itself from the response frame.
  • the processor (112) is further configured to receive, by using the wireless interface (116), trigger signaling sent by the AP, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are in the same uplink channel.
  • Another M request frames of the M STAs are transmitted on M subbands or M spatial streams.
  • the processor (112) is further configured to: after sending the request frame to the AP, receive a multi-user response frame sent by the AP, where the multi-user response frame includes a response to the M STAs.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and management frames of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Or cached status information.
  • the present invention provides a method for establishing a communication connection between a STA and an AP, including:
  • the AP After receiving the request frame sent by the N STAs, the AP contends for a channel and sends a response frame to the M STAs of the N STAs on the channel that is successfully contending, and the response frame includes the The identifiers of the M STAs and the M responses for the M STAs; the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses, and are used to indicate the response sent by the M STAs from the AP
  • the frame receives its own response; the M is a natural number less than or equal to N.
  • the identifiers of the M STAs are generated by the APs according to MAC addresses of the M STAs.
  • the identifier of the STA is a temporary AID; the temporary AID is a sequence randomly selected by each STA from a preset sequence range, and is carried in the request frame and sent to the AP; or The temporary AID is generated by the AP and sent to each STA through a response frame before transmitting the response frame.
  • the preset sequence range is determined by the AP and sent to each STA.
  • the request frame that the AP receives the N STAs to send to the AP includes:
  • the AP sets a time range
  • the AP receives the request frame sent by the STA within the time range, and the N represents the number of STAs that send the request frame to the AP within the time range.
  • the N is determined by the AP, where the value of N is a maximum number of users that can be supported by a downlink OFDMA frame or a downlink MU MIMO frame or a downlink multicast frame, or the value of the N is The AP tends to support the number of STAs that are accessed.
  • the AP before sending a response frame to the M STAs, the AP sends a response frame to each STA, where the response frame includes an indication information, where the indication information is used to notify each The STA will send the response of the M STAs through a response frame.
  • the response frame sent by the AP further includes a data frame or a management frame of the other J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each STA of the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STA Matching with the identifiers of the J STAs to receive data frames or management frames belonging to themselves from the response frame.
  • the AP sends a trigger signaling, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs send another M of the M STAs on M subbands or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Request frames.
  • the AP after receiving the N request frames, the AP sends a multi-user response frame to the M STAs, where the multi-user response frame includes a response to the M STAs.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send data frames, scheduling request frames, and management of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Status information for frames or caches.
  • the present invention provides a method for establishing a communication connection between a STA and an AP, including:
  • the STA Receiving, by the STA, a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an identifier of the M STAs and M responses for the M STAs, and the identifiers of the M STAs and the M responses are a correspondence;
  • the M is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the STA matches the identity saved by itself with the identifier of the M STAs to obtain a response belonging to the STA from the M responses.
  • the identifiers of the M STAs are generated by the APs according to the MAC addresses of the M STAs, and the identifiers saved by the STAs are generated by the STAs according to the MAC addresses of the STAs.
  • the identifiers of the N STAs are M temporary AIDs; the temporary AID is a sequence randomly selected by each STA from a preset sequence range, and is carried in the request frame and sent to the The temporary AID is generated by the AP and sent to each STA through a response frame before transmitting the response frame.
  • the preset sequence range is determined by the AP and sent to the STA.
  • N STAs that send request frames to the AP
  • the M STAs are part or all of the N STAs
  • the M is less than or equal to N
  • the N is greater than or equal to 1. Natural number.
  • the N represents the number of STAs that send an authentication frame to the AP within a preset time range.
  • the N is determined by the AP, where the value of N is a maximum number of users that can be supported by a downlink OFDMA frame or a downlink MU MIMO frame or a downlink multicast frame, or the value of the N is The number of STAs that the AP can support.
  • the STA before receiving the response frame sent by the AP, the STA receives a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an indication information, and the STA learns, according to the indication information, that the AP will pass The response frame sends a response of the M STAs.
  • the response frame further includes a data frame or a management frame of the J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STA and the J The identity of the STAs is matched to receive data frames or management frames belonging to itself from the response frame.
  • the STA receives the trigger signaling sent by the AP, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs send the M on M subbands or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Additional M request frames for STAs.
  • the STA receives a multi-user response frame sent by the AP, where the multi-user response frame includes a response to the M STAs.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and management frames of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Or cached status information.
  • the present invention provides an AP, where the AP includes a processor (122), a memory (124), and a wireless interface (126); the memory (124) is configured to store an instruction (1141); the wireless An interface (126), configured to connect the AP and the N STAs; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the processor (122) is coupled to the memory (124) for reading an instruction (1141) in the memory (124) and performing the following steps according to the instruction (1141) in the memory (122):
  • the response frame includes the identifiers of the M STAs and The M responses of the M STAs; the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses, and are used to indicate that the M STAs receive a response that belongs to oneself from the response frame sent by the AP; M is a natural number less than or equal to N.
  • the response frame further includes a data frame or a management frame of the other J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs is associated with the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STA.
  • the identification is matched to receive a data frame or a management frame belonging to itself from the response frame; the J is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the processor (122) is further configured to send, by using the radio interface (126), a trigger signaling, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are in the M subbands of the same uplink channel. Or M other request frames of the M STAs are transmitted on M spatial streams.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send data frames, scheduling request frames, and management of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Status information for frames or caches.
  • the invention provides a STA.
  • the STA is connected from the AP.
  • the received response frame includes not only the response sent to the STA, but also the STAs sent to other STAs including the processor (112), the memory (114) and the wireless interface (116):
  • the memory (114) is configured to store instructions; the wireless interface (116) is configured to connect the STA and an access point (AP);
  • the processor (112) is coupled to the memory (114) for reading instructions in the memory (114) and performing the following steps in accordance with the instructions:
  • the AP Sending a request frame to the AP through a radio interface (116), and receiving a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an identifier of M STAs and M responses for the M STAs,
  • the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses;
  • the M is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the response frame further includes a data frame or a management frame of the other J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs is associated with the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STA.
  • the identification is matched to receive a data frame or a management frame belonging to itself from the response frame.
  • the processor (112) is further configured to receive, by using the wireless interface (116), trigger signaling sent by the AP, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are in the same uplink channel.
  • Another M request frames of the M STAs are transmitted on M subbands or M spatial streams.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and management frames of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Or cached status information.
  • the present invention provides a method for establishing a communication connection between a STA and an AP, including:
  • the AP After receiving the request frame sent by the N STAs, the AP contends for a channel and sends a response frame to the M STAs of the N STAs on the channel that is successfully contending, and the response frame includes the An identifier of M STAs and M responses for the M STAs;
  • the identifiers of the STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses, and are used to indicate that the M STAs receive a response belonging to themselves from the response frame sent by the AP;
  • the M is a natural number less than or equal to N;
  • the response frame sent by the AP further includes a data frame or a management frame of the other J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STA and the J The identity of the STAs is matched to receive data frames or management frames belonging to itself from the response frame.
  • the AP sends a trigger signaling, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are in the M subband or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Sending another M request frames of the M STAs.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send data frames, scheduling request frames, and management of the J STAs on another J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel. Status information for frames or caches.
  • the present invention provides a method for establishing a communication connection between a STA and an AP, including:
  • the STA Receiving, by the STA, a response frame sent by the AP, where the response frame includes an identifier of the M STAs and M responses for the M STAs, and the identifiers of the M STAs and the M responses are a correspondence;
  • the M is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the STA matches the identifier saved by itself with the identifier of the M STAs to obtain a response belonging to the STA from the M responses;
  • the response frame further includes a data frame or a management frame of the J STAs and an identifier of the J STAs, so that each of the J STAs and the identifier of the J STAs according to the identifier saved by the STAs A match is made to receive a data frame or a management frame belonging to itself from the response frame.
  • the STA receives the trigger signaling sent by the AP, where the trigger signaling is used to indicate that the M STAs are in the M subbands or M of the same uplink channel. Another M request frames of the M STAs are transmitted on the spatial stream.
  • the trigger signaling is further used to indicate that another J STAs send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and tubes of the J STAs on the other J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel.
  • the status information of the frame or cache is further used to indicate that another J STAs send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and tubes of the J STAs on the other J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel.
  • the STAs that send the request frame to the AP may have N, but some of the N STAs may not satisfy the condition, for example, the following line OFDMA is not supported.
  • the identifier of the STA may be a PMA
  • the PMA may be generated according to the following formula:
  • MA[m:n] represents the mth LSB bit of the STA's MAC address to the nth LSB bit, and dec represents a decimal number.
  • the trigger signaling in any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners may be located in a response frame or may be located in a trigger frame sent by the AP.
  • the request frame in any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners may be an authentication request frame, and the response frame is an authentication response frame; or the request frame is an association request frame, and the response frame is an association response frame.
  • the authentication request frame and the authentication response frame are only two different names, which are used to distinguish unused authentication frames. In actual application, the two frames may be called authentication frames, and the network that receives the authentication frame is received. Entities can be distinguished by carrying different sequence numbers in the authentication frame.
  • the AP may send the response of one STA and the response of other STAs in one response frame, and the AP may also respond to the data frame or management of one STA with other STAs. Frames are sent together, thereby saving downstream resources. And further, in a user-intensive scenario, the average delay of establishing a connection between the STA and the AP can be shortened.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a WiFi system in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signaling flow of establishing a connection between a STA and an AP in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a WiFi system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for establishing a connection between a STA and an AP in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a signaling flow of establishing a connection between a STA and an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an authentication request frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an OFDMA capability information element in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another signaling flow for establishing a connection between a STA and an AP in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an A-MPDU in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a response frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a Beacon/probe response frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a signaling process for establishing association between a STA and an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another signaling process for establishing a connection between a STA and an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another signaling process for establishing a connection between a STA and an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another signaling process for establishing a connection between a STA and an AP in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a trigger frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the STA in the embodiment of the present invention may be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communication terminal.
  • a wireless communication chip for example: mobile phones that support WiFi communication, tablets that support WiFi communication, set-top boxes that support WiFi communication, smart TVs that support WiFi communication, smart wearable devices that support WiFi communication, and computers that support WiFi communication.
  • the STA may support the 802.11ax system.
  • the STA supports multiple WLAN systems such as 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.
  • APs are also called wireless access points or hotspots.
  • An AP is a special site that provides access to the site. It can be an access point for mobile users to enter the wired network. It is mainly deployed in the home, inside the building, and inside the campus. The typical coverage radius is tens of meters to hundreds of meters. Of course, it can also be deployed outdoors.
  • An AP is equivalent to a bridge connecting a wired network and a wireless network. Its main function is to connect the wireless network clients together and then connect the wireless network to the Ethernet.
  • the main standard adopted by AP is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (English name: IEEE) 802.11 series.
  • the AP may be a terminal device or a network device with a WiFi chip.
  • the AP may be a device supporting the 802.11ax system.
  • the AP may be a device supporting multiple WLAN systems such as 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a wireless local area network, and the wireless local area network can be a basic service set including an AP (English full name: Basic Service Set, English abbreviation: BSS). It should be understood that, under the basic network structure of the WiFi system, multiple BSSs may be included in the network, and each BSS may include one AP and multiple STAs associated with the AP.
  • the site is taken as an example for illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a WiFi system in the prior art.
  • one or more STAs (101, 102, ..., 10N) can establish a connection with an AP (100), and only STAs that establish a connection with the AP can pass the AP and the network device (200). Data communication takes place.
  • the process of establishing a connection between the STA and the AP includes two processes of authentication and association.
  • the process of establishing a connection between different STAs and an AP is relatively independent. For details, refer to FIG. 2, that is, Different STAs (STA1...STA N) will each contend for the channel and send an Authentication Request frame on the respective competing channels.
  • the AP After receiving the authentication request frame, the AP will send one for each STA. An acknowledgment (ACK) frame and an Authentication Response frame. There can be only one authentication between the STA and the AP, or multiple authentications. After the authentication succeeds, the STA sends an association request (Association Request) to the AP. The frame, after receiving the association request frame, the AP sends an acknowledgement (ACK) frame and an association response (Association Response) frame for each STA. After the STA is successfully associated with the AP, data communication between the STA and the AP can be performed.
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • ACK association response
  • the authentication response frame and the associated response frame in the prior art are separately sent to each STA, and thus occupy a large amount of downlink resources.
  • the software running in the AP and the STA in the prior art, and the corresponding hardware are improved, so that the authentication response frame or the association response frame of multiple STAs can be placed in one frame.
  • the transmission is performed, thereby saving downlink resources.
  • the average delay of establishing a connection between the STA and the AP can be shortened.
  • FIG. 3 only schematically shows the connection relationship between one STA and the AP.
  • the STA (110) and the AP (120) in Figure 3 are connected by a wireless link (112).
  • the AP (120) is connected to the network device (140) through a network (130), which may be a wired network or a wireless network.
  • the STA (110) may establish a connection with the AP (120) through the wireless link (112), for example, the STA (110) may send an authentication request or an association request to the AP (120) over the wireless link (112), and A response message or a response message replied by the AP (120) is received over the wireless link.
  • the STA (110) can also transfer data between the AP (120) and the network device (140).
  • the AP (120) includes a processor (122), a memory (124) and a wireless interface (126); a memory (124) for storing instructions; and a wireless interface (126) for connecting the AP with N STAs (N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1).
  • the processor (122) is coupled to the memory (124) for reading instructions in the memory (124) and executing the portion of the method embodiment of the present invention executed by the AP in accordance with the instructions (1141) in the memory (122) Or all steps to establish a communication connection between the AP (120) and the STA.
  • the processor (122) may receive a request frame sent by the N STAs through the wireless interface (126), and send a response frame to the M STAs of the N STAs through the wireless interface (126).
  • the processor (122) can also receive the STA (110) to transmit other information through the wireless interface (126), and reply various information to the STA (110) through the wireless interface (126).
  • the processor (122) is coupled to the memory (124) for reading instructions in the memory, and implementing the STA (110) and the AP (120) in the embodiment of the present invention according to the instruction (1241).
  • the method of communication connection In one example, the functionality of the wireless interface (126) described above can be implemented by a wireless transceiver (1262).
  • the AP (120) can also A data routing device (1210) is included, and the AP (120) transmits data of the STA (110) to the network device (140) through the data routing device (1210), or transmits data of the network device (14) to the STA (110). ).
  • the STA (110) may include a processor (112), a memory (114) and a wireless interface (116).
  • a memory (114) is used to store instructions.
  • a wireless interface (116) is used to connect the STA (110) and the AP (120).
  • the processor (112) may send a request frame to the AP (120) through the wireless interface (116), and receive the AP (120) transmission through the wireless interface (116). Response frame.
  • the processor (112) can also transmit other information to the AP (120) via the wireless interface (116) and receive various information replied by the AP (120) via the wireless interface (116).
  • the processor (112) is coupled to the memory (114) for reading an instruction (1141) in the memory (114), and according to the instruction (1141), performing an AP (in the embodiment of the method of the present invention) 120) Steps performed to establish a communication connection between the STA (110) and the AP (120).
  • the functionality of the wireless interface (116) described above can be implemented by a wireless transceiver (1162).
  • the request frame may be an authentication request frame, and the response frame is an authentication response frame; or the request frame is an association request frame, and the response frame is an association response frame.
  • the authentication request frame and the authentication response frame are only two different names, which are used to distinguish unused authentication frames. In actual application, the two frames may be called authentication frames, and the network that receives the authentication frame is received. Entities can be distinguished by different sequence numbers carried in the authentication frame.
  • a method of establishing a communication connection between the STA (110) and the AP (120) will be described below by way of a specific example.
  • the steps performed by the STA (110) in the method described below may be implemented by the processor (112) in the STA (110) by executing instructions stored in the memory (114).
  • the steps performed by the AP (120) may be that the processor (122) in the AP (120) is implemented by executing instructions stored in the memory (124).
  • the method for establishing a communication connection between the STA (110) and the AP (120) in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
  • the STA (110) sends a request frame to the AP (120).
  • a request frame is sent to the AP (120) to establish a connection between the STA (110) and the AP (120).
  • the STA (110) receives the AP (120) transmission response frame.
  • the response frame includes identifiers of M STAs and M responses for M STAs, and STA (110) is among M STAs.
  • the identifiers of the M STAs are in one-to-one correspondence with the M responses, and are used to indicate that the M STAs receive a response belonging to themselves from the response frame sent by the AP (120).
  • the STAs that send the request frame to the AP (120) may have N, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, but some of the N STAs may not satisfy the condition, for example, the following line OFDMA is not supported.
  • the full name: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access; Chinese full name: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or the downlink MU MIMO mode or the downlink multicast frame mode receives the response frame sent by the AP or the selected identifier has a conflict, etc., resulting in the AP. Unable to send a response frame to this part of the STA.
  • the response when the M responses need to be sent together with data frames or management frames of other J STAs other than the N STAs, the response further includes an identifier of the J STAs and the J STAs.
  • a data frame or a management frame, in which case the value of M may be 1 or a number greater than 1, that is, 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N, N ⁇ 1.
  • the STA (110) matches the identifier obtained by itself with the identifier of the M STAs to obtain a response belonging to the STA (110) from the M responses.
  • the identifier obtained by the STA (110) may be received by the STA (110) from the AP, or may be saved by the STA itself.
  • the foregoing response frame may further include data frames or management frames of other J STAs.
  • the J STAs may obtain a corresponding data frame or a management frame from the response frame according to its own identifier. .
  • the request frame sent by the STA (110) to the AP (120) is an authentication request frame.
  • the STA (110) can send the authentication request frame in the prior art.
  • the CSMA/CA English full name: carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance; Chinese full name: carrier sense multiple access/conflict avoidance
  • the mode of the contending channel may also be sent by the AP to the STA (110) to send the authentication request frame, or the STA (110) may directly send the channel in a specific window or acquire the channel in a restricted contention manner.
  • the manner in which the authentication request frame is transmitted is not limited. Can reason Solution, in the foregoing step 102, when the STA (110) needs to be associated with the AP (120), the request frame sent by the STA (110) to the AP (120) is an association request frame.
  • the STA (110) may inform the AP (120) in advance through the authentication request frame.
  • the STA (110) supports the following line OFDMA mode or the downlink MU MIMO mode or the downlink multicast frame mode.
  • the right response frame that is, the supporting AP (120), delivers the response of the different STAs in an authentication response frame. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • the authentication request frame (500) may further include an OFDMA capability unit (510) for indicating the STA (110). Support for receiving an authentication response frame in the manner of OFDMA.
  • the OFDMA Capability Unit (410) may be a new cell in the Authentication Request frame (400) or may use the Status Code cell (512) that is not used in the Authentication Request frame (400).
  • an OFDMA capability unit may be added to the association request frame.
  • the structure of the OFDMA capability information element (510) may be as shown in FIG. 7, including an information element identifier (Element) (511), an information unit length (Rength) (512), and OFDMA capability information (OFDMA). Capability) (513).
  • Element ID 511
  • Length 512
  • OFDMA Capability 513
  • the STA (110) can also inform the AP (120) by means of carrying a cell in the authentication request frame.
  • the STA (110) supports the following manner of MU MIMO or downlink multicast frame.
  • the authentication response frame sent by the AP (120) is received.
  • N STAs that send request frames to the AP
  • N may be determined by the following two methods:
  • N may represent the number of STAs that request a frame to be transmitted to the AP within a preset time range.
  • a time range may be set by the AP (120), in which the AP (120) receives the request frame sent by the STA, and N represents the number of STAs that send the request frame to the AP (120) within the time range.
  • a timer (126) may be included in the AP (120), and the time of the timer (126) may be set to be the same as the value of the SIFS.
  • the AP (120) starts to start the timer (126) after receiving the authentication request frame (411) sent by the first STA, and assumes the time setting of the timer (126).
  • T when the time of the timer (126) reaches T, the AP (120) A total of the authentication request frames (411, . . . , 41N) sent by the N STAs are received, and the AP (120) replies to the M STAs of the N STAs with an authentication response frame (430).
  • the M authentication response frame (430) includes M authentication responses (authentication responses 1, ..., authentication responses N), and each authentication response corresponds to one of the M STAs.
  • the time T of the above timer (126) can be determined by the following function:
  • x can be set as the valid time of the authentication request frame, that is, if the STA does not receive the authentication response sent by the AP, the STA fails to initiate the authentication.
  • t is a number greater than 0 and less than x, for example, 1 ms, 2 ms, 3 ms, etc. may be taken.
  • (2) N can also be determined by the AP (120).
  • the value of N may be the maximum number of users that a downlink OFDMA frame or a downlink MU MIMO frame or a downlink multicast frame can support, or the value of N may be the number of STAs that the AP (120) tends to support access.
  • the AP (120) may also include a counter (128).
  • the processor (122) of the AP (120) increments the value of the counter (128) every time it receives an authentication request frame sent by a STA, when the counter (128) When the value reaches N, it indicates that the authentication request frame received by the AP has reached N, and the AP (120) sends an authentication response frame to the M STAs of the N STAs, where the authentication response frame includes M authentication responses, each of which corresponds to one of the M STAs.
  • the AP (120) may first reply to the STA with a response frame. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, after receiving the authentication request frame sent by the N STAs, the AP (120) may further perform step 103.
  • the AP (120) first replies with an acknowledgement (ACK) frame to each of the M STAs, the ACK frame indicating that the AP (120) has received the request frame sent by the M STAs, and allows The M STAs are associated with the AP (120).
  • the AP (120) may also send only one multi-user ACK frame to the M STAs, and the multi-user ACK frame includes M responses for the M STAs.
  • the ACK frame or the multi-user ACK frame may include an indication information for notifying each STA that the AP (120) will send the M through a response frame. The response of the STAs.
  • the STA (110) receives an acknowledgement (ACK) frame transmitted by the AP (120).
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • the AP (120) contends for the channel and transmits a response frame to the STA (110) through the contending channel, the response frame containing M identities and M responses for the M STAs, respectively.
  • the response frame may be transmitted in a downlink OFDMA (DL OFDMA) manner, for example, the AP (120) transmits a response of the M STAs on different subbands of one channel that is contending.
  • the response frame may also be sent in a MU MIMO manner, for example, the AP (120) transmits the response of the M STAs on different spatial streams of one channel that is contending.
  • the response frame may also be sent in the form of a downlink multicast frame.
  • the AP (120) sends an A-MPDU (English name: Aggregate MAC protocol data unit) on the contending channel, and the A-MPDU There are M MPDUs, which respectively correspond to the responses of the M STAs.
  • an A-MPDU may be composed of several MPDUs.
  • all MPDUs in an A-MPDU can only be sent to the same receiving node, and the STA receives an A-MPDU. After that, only the receiving address of the first MPDU will be viewed. If it does not match its own address, the receiving process will stop. Therefore, we need further design to support the use of an A-MPDU to send responses from different STAs.
  • the AP (120) carries an information bit in the frame when transmitting the A-MPDU, and is used to indicate that each STA should view the receiving address of all MPDUs in the A-MPDU when receiving the A-MPDU. And match with your own address, if it is matched, it will be received.
  • the information bit may be located in the MAC header (810), in the reserved bit of the MPDU delimiter (812), or may be located in the HE-SIG A of the response frame shown in FIG.
  • the response frame sent by the AP needs to include the identifiers of the M STAs, and the identifiers of the M STAs correspond to the M responses one-to-one.
  • the STA's identity can be obtained in any of the following three ways:
  • the identifier of the M STAs is generated by the AP according to the MAC addresses of the M STAs.
  • the AP generates a corresponding PMA according to the MAC address of each STA, and each STA uses the same calculation method as the AP to generate a PMA according to its own MAC address.
  • the AP generates a PMA address as the identifier of the STA according to the MAC address of each STA, and the AP carries the PMA of each STA in an ACK frame and sends the message to the STA.
  • the PMA address can be generated by operations based on several bits of the STA's MAC address.
  • the PMA address needs to be associated with the AID (English full name: Association ID, Chinese full name: association number)
  • the length of the PAM address preferably does not exceed the length of the AID (14 bits), and does not overlap with the range of the AID (1-2007).
  • the MAC address of the STA has a total of N LSBs (English full name: least significant bit; Chinese full name: lowest bit)
  • the PMA can be generated according to the following formula:
  • MA[m:n] represents the mth LSB bit of the STA's MAC address to the nth LSB bit, and dec represents a decimal number.
  • the PMA may be placed in the HE-SIG B cell (910) of the response frame (900).
  • the HE-SIG B cell (910) may also include a resource map assigned to each STA, the resource map being used to tell the STA to receive the resource location of the STA's response.
  • the identifier of the STA may be a temporary AID; the temporary AID is a sequence randomly selected by each STA from a preset sequence range, and is carried in the request frame and sent to the AP. .
  • step 101 may be further performed before step 102.
  • the STA may randomly select a value from a preset sequence range (for example, [2008, 4096]) as the temporary AID of the STA, and carry the temporary AID in the request frame and send it to the AP.
  • the AID of each STA is obtained after the request frame sent by each STA. If multiple STAs select the same temporary AID, the AP may choose to reply in a conventional manner. For example, the AP separately sends a response frame to each STA having the same temporary AID.
  • the above preset sequence range may be determined by the AP and sent to each STA.
  • step 100 may be further included, that is, the AP (120) sends a Beacon/probe response frame to the STA (110), where the Beacon/probe response frame includes the preset sequence range.
  • the Beacon/probe response frame (900) sent by the AP to the STA may include two cells, a Minimum Temporary AID (910) and a Temporary AID offset (920), where the Minimum Temporary AID (910) indicates the STA.
  • the smallest temporary AID that can be selected, Temporary AID offset (920) represents the maximum offset that the STA can select relative to the minimum temporary AID.
  • the Minimum Temporary AID (910) and the Temporary AID offset (920) can occupy 2 bytes, respectively.
  • the identifier of the STA may be a temporary AID; the temporary AID is generated by the AP, and The response frame is sent to the STA through the response frame before sending the response frame.
  • the AP may generate the temporary AID and send the STA through the third (3) manner.
  • step 1002 may be further performed, that is, the AP (120) randomly selects a sequence from the preset sequence range as the temporary AID, and this is The temporary AID is sent to the STA in step 103 through the ACK frame.
  • the STA obtains its own temporary AID from the ACK frame and stores it in the memory (114).
  • the subsequent STA may obtain the temporary AID from the memory (114), and compare the temporary AID with the temporary AID in the response frame to obtain a response belonging to the STA from the response frame.
  • the AP may add a cell Temporary AID (1110) to the ACK frame (1100) for indicating the temporary AID.
  • the AP may also add another cell OFDMA Indication (1120) in the ACK frame (1100) to notify the STA that the AP will send the response frame in the OFDMA manner.
  • the AP may also notify the STA through the ACK frame (1100) that the AP will send the response frame by other means, such as downlink MU MIMO mode or downlink multicast frame.
  • FIG. 13 is a process of associating a STA with an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the process of association between an STA and an AP is similar to the foregoing authentication process. This will not be repeated here.
  • a person skilled in the art can understand that when the STA associates with the AP, the STA sends the association request frame to the AP, and the AP replies to the STA is the association response frame.
  • the AP may also send data frames or management frames of other STAs than the plurality of STAs through the response frame.
  • N the 1st to Nth STAs
  • STA 1st to Nth STAs
  • STAN the 1st to Nth STAs
  • the other K STAs (STA N+1, ..., STAN+K) have already established a connection with the AP, and are waiting to receive the data frame or management frame sent by the AP to the STA, where K is a natural number.
  • the AP needs to respond to the M STAs. And the AP also needs to send a data frame or a management frame to the J STAs of the above K STAs, where J is a natural number less than or equal to K.
  • the AP may put the response of the M STAs and the data frames or management frames of the J STAs supporting the downlink OFDMA mode or the downlink MU MIMO mode or the downlink multicast frame in one response.
  • the response frame (1200) sent by the AP to the M STAs further includes data of another J STAs (1210).
  • the response frame may also include the J.
  • the corresponding identifiers of the STAs (for example, AID or temporary AID) are used to indicate that the J STAs receive their own data frames or management frames from the response frame.
  • the identification of the STA described in the previous embodiment can be used for the discrimination.
  • the AP can still transmit the response frame or the data frame or the management frame in the existing manner.
  • the response frame sent by the AP to the STA may further include an indication bit for indicating whether the AID is used.
  • the indicator bit may not be used.
  • each STA sends a request frame to the AP separately.
  • the AP may further send trigger signaling to the M STAs to trigger the M STAs.
  • the subsequent uplink OFDMA (ULOFDMA) mode or the MU MIMO mode sends a request frame (for example, an authentication request frame or an association request frame), that is, the M STAs may be in different subbands or different spatial streams of the same channel.
  • the AP sends a request frame.
  • the AP (120) receives the authentication request frame sent by the N STAs, and the AP (120) can support the uplink OFDMA mode or the MU MIMO to avoid the uplink resources being wasted by the STAs competing for the channels separately.
  • the M STAs of the mode send a trigger signaling (1400) for indicating that the M STAs (1501 . . . 150N) can subsequently send the M sub-bands or M spatial streams on the same uplink channel (1500).
  • the manner of sending the request frame may be an uplink OFDMA mode or a MU MIMO mode.
  • a joint request frame is taken as an example.
  • the request frame may also be an authentication request frame.
  • the AP (120) may separately send an ACK frame to the M STAs before sending the response frame, or send a multi-user ACK frame to the M STAs (1600). The AP (120) then sends a response frame to the M STAs.
  • the M STAs After receiving the response frame sent by the AP, the M STAs send the association request frame every SIFS time, that is, the M STAs send the M of the M STAs on the M subbands or M spatial streams of the same uplink channel (1400). Associated request frames (1501...150M).
  • the STAs support the OFDMA mode or the MU MIMO mode.
  • the trigger signaling (1400) may further be used to indicate that the J STAs jointly send the data frames, scheduling request frames, and management of the J STAs in a joint manner.
  • the J STAs may send the data frames and scheduling requests of the J STAs on the other J subbands or J spatial streams of the same uplink channel (1500). Status information for frames, management frames, or caches.
  • the trigger signaling (1400) may be a separate trigger frame or may be located in the response frame, for example, in the HE-SIG B cell (910) of the authentication response frame (900).
  • the structure of the trigger signaling (1400) may be as shown in FIG. 17, which includes the identifier (1410) of the triggered STA (for example, AID, Partial AID, PMA or temporary AID), the type of response frame (1420), and The resource map corresponding to the response frame (1430).
  • the type of response frame (1420) may further include a type (1421) and a subtype (1422), and the type (1421) may be used to indicate whether the response frame is a data frame or a management frame.
  • the subtype (1422) can be further used to indicate whether the response frame is an authentication frame, an associated frame, or the like. Since the type of response frame (1520) can be indicated in many prior art manners, it will not be described here.
  • the three cells of the STA's identity (1410), the response frame type (1420), and the resource map (1430) corresponding to the response frame are shown together, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. In actual application, these three cells can also be set separately. As long as the trigger signal contains these three cells.
  • the M STAs and the J STAs may send the association request of the M STAs and the data frame, the scheduling request frame, the management frame, or the cache state information of the J STAs on the same channel. .
  • the AP may reply with an OFDMA ACK or a multi-user ACK, where the OFDMA ACK or the multi-user ACK is included for the M The ACK of the STA and the ACK for the J STAs.
  • the AP (120) receives the M STAs sent on the same channel.
  • the multi-user ACK may not be replied, but the subsequent process may be directly executed, for example, directly replying to the association response (1700) or directly transmitting the data frame or the management frame.
  • the size of the serial numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be implemented by the present invention.
  • the implementation of the examples constitutes any limitation.
  • the foregoing processor may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit. Specifically, it can be implemented by means of software and necessary general hardware.
  • the general hardware includes a general-purpose integrated circuit, a general-purpose CPU (English: Central Processing Unit, Chinese: central processing unit), and a general-purpose digital signal processor (English: Digital Signal Processor) , referred to as: DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (English: Field Programming Gate Array, referred to as: FPGA), Programmable Logical Device (English: Programmable Logical Device, PLD for short), general-purpose memory, general-purpose components, etc.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • PLD Programmable Logical Device
  • general-purpose memory general-purpose components, etc.
  • dedicated hardware including an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a dedicated CPU, a dedicated memory, a dedicated component, and the like.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the technical solution of the present invention contributes in essence or to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (English: Read Only Memory, abbreviated as ROM), a random access memory (English: Random Access Memory, abbreviated as RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
  • Software or instructions can also be transferred over a transmission medium.
  • a transmission medium For example, if you use coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL: DSL) or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio and microwave) to transfer software from websites, servers or other remote sources.
  • coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies are included in the definition of the transmission medium.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种STA与接入点之间建立通信连接的方法，该方法包括：AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧，所述N为大于或等于2的自然数；AP在收到所述N个STA发送的请求帧后，AP竞争信道并向M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为自然数，所述2≤M≤N。通过该方法，多个STA的鉴权响应帧或关联响应帧可以放在一个帧中进行发送，由此节省了下行资源。

Description

一种站点与接入点之间建立通信连接的方法、接入点和站点
本申请要求于2014年12月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410856430.3、发明名称为“一种站点与接入点之间建立通信连接的方法、接入点和站点”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种站点(英文全称：Station；英文缩写：STA)与接入点(英文全称Access Point；英文缩写：AP)之间建立通信连接的方法。
背景技术
在现有的无线保真(英文全称：Wireless Fidelity；英文简称：WiFi)系统中，STA与AP进行数据通信的前提是该STA与该AP已经进行了关联，而在关联之前，该STA必须先到AP进行身份验证，该身份验证过程也可以称为鉴权过程。在鉴权完成之后，STA会发起与AP之间的关联过程，关联成功的STA就可以和AP之间进行数据通信了。
但是现有的WiFi系统中，多个STA与AP的鉴权或关联过程都是相对独立的，即不同的STA会各自竞争信道，发送其鉴权帧或关联请求帧，AP在收到鉴权帧或关联请求帧之后会针对每个STA单独发送相应的响应，这些响应会占用较多的下行资源。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种接入点、一种STA以及一种STA与AP之间建立通信连接的方法，以解决现有技术中下行资源占用较多的问题。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种AP，该AP包括处理器(122)，存储器(124)和无线接口(126)；存储器(124)用于存储指令；所述无线接口(126)，用于连接该AP与N个STA；所述N为大于或等于1的自然数；
处理器(122)与所述存储器(124)耦合，用于读取存储器(124)中 的指令，并根据存储器(122)中的指令执行如下步骤：
通过所述无线接口(126)接收所述N个STA发送的N个请求帧；
竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上通过所述无线接口(126)向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为小于或等于N的自然数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当上述AP需要将M个响应能在一个响应帧中发送时，上述2≤M≤N，N≥2。
当上述AP需要将除该N个STA之外的其它J个STA的数据帧或管理帧与上述M个响应一起发送时，该M的值可以为1或大于1的数，即1≤M≤N，N≥1。
在一种可能的实现方式中，上述STA的标识可以是PMA，由处理器(122)根据存储器(124)中存储的所述M个STA的MAC地址来生成的。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，STA的标识也可以为临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者，所述临时AID是由所述处理器(122)产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
可选地，上述预设的序列范围可以是所述处理器(122)进一确定并通过所述无线接口发送给每个STA的。
上述N的值可以通过多种方式来确定，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述N可以表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。例如，所述AP还可以包括一个定时器(128)，用于设定一个时间范围；所述处理器(122)进一步用于在所述定时器(128)设定的时间范围内通过无线接口(126)接收STA发送的请求帧，所述N表示在该时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，上述N的值可以由处理器(122)确定，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP倾向于支持接入的STA的个数。
为了让上述M个STA知道后续AP将会通过下行OFDMA的方式或下 行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式来发送这M个STA的响应，AP的处理器(122)在发送所述响应帧之前，可以通过无线接口(126)向每个STA都分别发送一个应答帧，该应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述指示信息用于通知每个STA该AP将通过下行OFDMA的方式或下行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式来发送这M个STA的响应，以下行OFDMA方式为例，AP的处理器(122)收到N个STA发送的请求帧后竞争信道，并通过竞争成功的信道的不同子带上发送上述M个STA的响应。为了进一步节省下行资源，上述AP的处理器(122)还可以将其它STA的数据帧或管理帧与上述M个STA的响应一起放在响应帧中发送。例如，正在等待从AP接收数据帧或管理帧的K个STA中有J个支持下行OFDMA的方式或MU MIMO方式或多播帧的方式，则上述AP发送的响应帧中还包括该J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及该J个STA的标识，以使该J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述响应帧中的J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧；所述J为大于或等于1的自然数。
由于上述M个STA都支持上行OFDMA的方式或MU MIMO方式，为了进一步节省上行资源，AP也可以要求上述M个STA后续将该M个STA的请求帧放在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送。例如，处理器(122)通过所述无线接口(126)下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
除此之外，上述触发信令还可以用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种STA，其特征在于，所述STA包括处理器(112)，存储器(114)和无线接口(116)：
所述存储器(114)用于存储指令；所述无线接口(116)用于连接所述STA和接入点(AP)；
所述处理器(112)与所述存储器(114)耦合，用于读取所述存储器(114)中的指令，并根据所述指令执行以下步骤：
通过无线接口(116)向所述AP发送请求帧，并接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M 个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为大于或等于1的自然数；
获取所述STA的标识，并将获取到的所述STA的标识与所述响应帧中的M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应。
上述本发明提供的STA为M个STA中的一个。在一种可能的实现方式中，当上述AP需要将M个响应能在一个响应帧中发送时，上述2≤M≤N，N≥2。
当上述AP需要将除该N个STA之外的其它J个STA的数据帧或管理帧与上述M个响应一起发送时，上述响应帧中还可以包括其它J个STA的标识以及该J个该TA的数据帧或管理帧。此时，M的值可以为1或大于1的数，即1≤M≤N，N≥1。
在一种可能的实现方式中，，所述存储器(114)进一步用于存储所述STA的MAC地址，所述处理器(112)进一步用于根据所述存储器(114)中保存的所述STA的MAC地址生成所述STA的标识。
当STA的标识不是通过STA与AP交互获得时，为了使STA与AP生成的标识能够匹配，STA与AP可以采用同样的算法或公式来生成STA的标识，例如，STA与AP均可以采用说明书中描述的方式来生成PMA，并将生成的PMA作为STA的标识。当STA收到AP发送的M个STA的标识后就可以将自己生成的STA的标识与AP发送的响应帧中的M个STA的标识进行匹配以获取属于该STA的响应。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述STA的标识也可以为临时AID；所述处理器(112)进一步用于从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列作为临时AID，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP；或者所述处理器(112)进一步用于在接收所述响应帧之前，通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包括所述临时AID。
可选地，上述预设的序列范围可以是AP确定的，因此所述处理器(112)进一步可以用于通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的所述预设的序列范围。
在一种可能的实现方式中，向所述AP发送请求帧的STA可能有N个，所述M个STA为所述N个STA中的部分或全部，所述M小于或等于N， 所述N为大于或等于1的自然数。
可选地，上述N表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送鉴权帧的STA的数量。
可选地，上述N也可以是由所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP能够支持接入的STA的个数。
可选地，所述处理器(112)进一步用于在接收所述AP发送的响应帧之前，接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述处理器(112)还用于根据所述指示信息获知所述AP将通过所述响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
可选地，所述响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
可选地，所述处理器(112)还用于通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述处理器(112)还用于在向AP发送请求帧后，接收所述AP发送的多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种STA与AP之间建立通信连接的方法，包括：
所述AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧，所述N为大于或等于1的自然数；
所述AP在收到所述N个STA发送的请求帧后，竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为小于或等于N的自然数。
可选地，所述M个STA的标识为所述AP分别根据所述M个STA的MAC地址生成的。
可选地，所述STA的标识为临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者所述临时AID是由所述AP产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
可选地，所述预设的序列范围为所述AP确定并发送给每个STA的。
可选地，所述AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧包括：
所述AP设定一个时间范围；
所述AP在所述时间范围内接收STA发送的请求帧，所述N表示在该时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。
可选地，所述N为所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP倾向于支持接入的STA的个数。
可选地，所述AP在向所述M个STA发送一个响应帧之前，向每个STA都分别发送一个应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述指示信息用于通知每个STA所述AP将通过一个响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
可选地，所述AP发送的响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
可选地，所述AP下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述AP收到所述N个请求帧后，向M个STA发送一个多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种STA与AP之间建立通信连接的方法，包括：
所述STA向所述AP发送请求帧；
所述STA接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为大于或等于1的自然数；
所述STA将自己保存的标识与所述M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应。
可选地，所述M个STA的标识为所述AP分别根据所述M个STA的MAC地址生成的，所述STA自己保存的标识是所述STA根据所述STA的MAC地址生成的。
可选地，所述N个STA的标识为M个临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者所述临时AID是由所述AP产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
可选地，所述预设的序列范围为所述AP确定并发送给所述STA的。
可选地，向所述AP发送请求帧的STA有N个，所述M个STA为所述N个STA中的部分或全部，所述M小于或等于N，所述N为大于或等于1的自然数。
可选地，所述N表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送鉴权帧的STA的数量。
可选地，所述N为所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP能够支持接入的STA的个数。
可选地，所述STA接收所述AP发送的响应帧之前，接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述STA根据所述指示信息获知所述AP将通过所述响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
可选地，所述响应帧中还包括J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
可选地，所述STA接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M 个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述STA向AP发送请求帧后，接收所述AP发送的多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种AP，所述AP包括处理器(122)，存储器(124)和无线接口(126)；所述存储器(124)用于存储指令(1141)；所述无线接口(126)，用于连接所述AP与N个STA；所述N为大于或等于1的自然数；
所述处理器(122)与所述存储器(124)耦合，用于读取存储器(124)中的指令(1141)，并根据存储器(122)中的指令(1141)执行如下步骤：
通过所述无线接口(126)接收所述N个STA发送的N个请求帧；
竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上通过所述无线接口(126)向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为小于或等于N的自然数。
所述响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧；所述J为大于或等于1的自然数。
可选地，所述处理器(122)还用于通过所述无线接口(126)下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
上述第一方面中提到的处理器(122)，存储器(124)和无线接口(126)的部分或全部功能对于该第五方面同样适用。
第六方面，本发明提供了一种STA。在该第六方面中，STA从AP接 收的响应帧中不但包括了发给此STA的响应，还可以包括发给其他STA的所述STA包括处理器(112)，存储器(114)和无线接口(116)：
所述存储器(114)用于存储指令；所述无线接口(116)用于连接所述STA和接入点(AP)；
所述处理器(112)与所述存储器(114)耦合，用于读取所述存储器(114)中的指令，并根据所述指令执行以下步骤：
通过无线接口(116)向所述AP发送请求帧，并接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为大于或等于1的自然数；
获取所述STA的标识，并将获取到的所述STA的标识与所述响应帧中的M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应；
所述响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
可选地，所述处理器(112)还用于通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，上述第二方面中提到的处理器(112)，存储器(114)和无线接口(116)的部分或全部功能对于此第六方面同样适用。
第七方面，本发明提供了一种一种STA与AP之间建立通信连接的方法，包括：
所述AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧，所述N为大于或等于1的自然数；
所述AP在收到所述N个STA发送的请求帧后，竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M 个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为小于或等于N的自然数；
所述AP发送的响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
在第一方面一种可能的实现方式中，所述AP还会下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，上述第三方面中提到的部分或全部内容对于此第六方面同样适用。
第八方面，本发明提供了一种STA与AP之间建立通信连接的方法，包括：
所述STA向所述AP发送请求帧；
所述STA接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为大于或等于1的自然数；
所述STA将自己保存的标识与所述M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应；
所述响应帧中还包括J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
在第八方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述STA接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
可选地，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管 理帧或缓存的状态信息。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，上述第四方面中提到的部分或全部内容对于此第八方面同样适用。
上述任意一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中，向AP发送请求帧的STA可以有N个，但此N个STA中可能有部分STA不满足条件，例如，不支持以下行OFDMA的方式接收AP发送的响应帧或者选择的标识有冲突等，从而导致AP无法发送响应帧给这部分STA。因此，AP收到的鉴权请求帧虽然有N个，但发送的应答帧中可能只包含了针对其中M个STA的应答，该M为小于或等于N的自然数。本领域的技术人员可以理解，当N个STA中的所有STA都满足条件时，M＝N。
上述任意一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中STA的标识可以是PMA，PMA可以根据如下公式生成：
Figure PCTCN2015098996-appb-000001
其中a，b，c，d，e，f，g，h，i，j为自然数。MA[m:n]表示STA的MAC地址的第m个LSB位到第n个LSB位，dec表示十进制数。通过该生成方案可以避开AID的范围，而且利用了MAC地址的较多位，更好地避免了PMA地址的重叠。
上述任意一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的触发信令可以位于响应帧中，也可以位于AP发送的一个触发帧中。
上述任意一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的请求帧可以为鉴权请求帧，响应帧为鉴权响应帧；或上述的请求帧为关联请求帧，响应帧为关联响应帧。上述鉴权请求帧和鉴权响应帧仅仅只是两个不同的名称，用于区分不用的鉴权帧，在实际应用时这两个帧可以都叫鉴权帧，收到该鉴权帧的网络实体可以通过鉴权帧中携带不同的序号来进行区分。
通过上述本发明实提供的STA、AP和方法，AP可以将一个STA的响应与其它STA的响应放在一个响应帧中进行发送，AP也可以将一个STA的响应与其它STA的数据帧或管理帧放在一起发送，由此节省了下行资源。并且进一步地，在用户密集的场景下，可以缩短STA与AP建立连接的平均时延。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中的WiFi系统示意图。
图2是现有技术中STA与AP之间建立连接的信令流程示意图。
图3是本发明实施例中WiFi系统结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的方法流程示意图。
图5是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的信令流程示意图。
图6是本发明实施例中鉴权请求帧的结构示意图。
图7是本发明实施例中OFDMA能力信息单元的结构示意图。
图8是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的另一信令流程示意图。
图9是本发明实施例中A-MPDU的结构示意图。
图10是本发明实施例中响应帧的结构示意图。
图11是本发明实施例中Beacon/probe response帧的结构示意图。
图12是本发明实施例中ACK帧的结构示意图。
图13是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立关联的信令流程示意图。
图14是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的另一信令流程示意图。
图15是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的另一信令流程示意图。
图16是本发明实施例中STA与AP之间建立连接的另一信令流程示意图。
图17是本发明实施例中触发帧的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
应理解，本发明实施例中的STA可以是无线通讯芯片、无线传感器或无线通信终端。例如：支持WiFi通讯功能的移动电话、支持WiFi通讯功能的平板电脑、支持WiFi通讯功能的机顶盒、支持WiFi通讯功能的智能电视、支持WiFi通讯功能的智能可穿戴设备和支持WiFi通讯功能的计算机。可选地，STA可以支持802.11ax制式，进一步可选地，该STA支持802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b及802.11a等多种WLAN制式。
AP也称之为无线访问接入点或热点等。AP是一种特殊的站点，可以为站点提供接入服务，可以是移动用户进入有线网络的接入点，主要部署于家庭、大楼内部以及园区内部，典型覆盖半径为几十米至上百米，当然，也可以部署于户外。AP相当于一个连接有线网和无线网的桥梁，其主要作用是将各个无线网络客户端连接到一起，然后将无线网络接入以太网。目前AP主要采用的标准为电气和电子工程师协会(英文全称：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，英文简称：IEEE)802.11系列。具体地，AP可以是带有WiFi芯片的终端设备或者网络设备。可选地，AP可以为支持802.11ax制式的设备，进一步可选地，该AP可以为支持802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b及802.11a等多种无线局域网制式的设备。
本发明实施例可以应用于无线局域网，无线局域网可以为包含AP的基本服务集(英文全称：Basic Service Set，英文简称：BSS)。应理解地，在WiFi系统的基础网络结构下，网络中可以包括多个BSS，每个BSS可以包含一个AP和多个关联于该AP的STA。本发明的实施例中仅以站点为例进行示例性说明，本发明对此并不作限定。
图1为现有技术中的WiFi系统示意图。如图1所示，在WiFi系统中，一个或多个STA(101，102……10N)可以与一个AP(100)建立连接，只有与AP建立连接的STA才能通过AP与网络设备(200)之间进行数据通信。STA与AP之间建立连接的过程包括鉴权和关联两个过程，在现有技术中，不同的STA与AP之间建立连接的过程都是相对独立的，具体可以参见图2所示，即不同的STA(STA1……STA N)会各自竞争信道，并在各自竞争到的信道上发送鉴权请求(Authentication Request)帧，AP在收到鉴权请求帧之后会针对每个STA都发送一个应答(ACK)帧和一个鉴权响应(Authentication Response)帧。STA与AP之间可以只有一次鉴权，也可以有多次鉴权。鉴权成功后，STA向AP发送关联请求(Association Request) 帧，AP在收到关联请求帧之后会针对每个STA都发送一个应答(ACK)帧和一个关联响应(Association Response)帧。STA与AP关联成功后，STA与AP之间就可以进行数据通信了。
现有技术中的鉴权响应帧和关联响应帧都是单独发送给各个STA的，因此会占用大量的下行资源。
为解决上述问题，本发明实施例中对现有技术中AP和STA中运行的软件，以及相应的硬件进行了改进，以使多个STA的鉴权响应帧或关联响应帧可以放在一个帧中进行发送，由此节省了下行资源。并且进一步地，在用户密集的场景下，可以缩短STA与AP建立连接的平均时延。
本发明的实施例中，与AP建立连接的STA可能有很多个，为方便描述，图3只是示意性地画出了其中一个STA与AP的连接关系。图3中的STA(110)与AP(120)通过无线链路(112)连接。AP(120)通过网络(130)与网络设备(140)连接，该网络(130)可以是有线网络也可以是无线网络。STA(110)可以通过无线链路(112)与AP(120)之间建立连接，例如，STA(110)可以通过无线链路(112)向AP(120)发送鉴权请求或关联请求，并通过无线链路接收AP(120)回复的应答消息或响应消息。STA(110)也可以通过AP(120)与网络设备(140)之间传输数据。
参见图3所示，AP(120)包括处理器(122)，存储器(124)和无线接口(126)；存储器(124)用于存储指令；无线接口(126)，用于连接所述AP与N个STA(N为大于或等于1的自然数)。所述处理器(122)与存储器(124)耦合，用于读取存储器(124)中的指令，并根据存储器(122)中的指令(1141)执行本发明方法实施例中由AP执行的部分或全部步骤，以建立AP(120)与STA之间的通信连接。例如，处理器(122)可以通过无线接口(126)接收N个STA发送的请求帧，并通过无线接口(126)向该N个STA中的M个STA发送响应帧。除此之外，处理器(122)还可以通过无线接口(126)接收STA(110)发送其它的信息，并通过无线接口(126)向STA(110)回复各种信息。所述处理器(122)与所述存储器(124)耦合，用于读取存储器中的指令，并根据所述指令(1241)来实现本发明实施例中STA(110)与AP(120)建立通信连接的方法。在一个例子中，上述无线接口(126)的功能可以通过一个无线收发器(1262)来实现。为了使STA(110)能与网络设备(140)之间进行数据通信，AP(120)中还可以 包括一个数据路由装置(1210)，AP(120)通过该数据路由装置(1210)将STA(110)的数据发送给网络设备(140)，或者将网络设备(14)的数据发送给STA(110)。
STA(110)可以包括一个处理器(112)，一个存储器(114)和一个无线接口(116)。存储器(114)用于存储指令。无线接口(116)用于连接所述STA(110)和AP(120)。当STA(110)需要与AP(120)建立连接时，处理器(112)可以通过无线接口(116)向AP(120)发送请求帧，并通过无线接口(116)接收AP(120)发送的响应帧。除此之外，处理器(112)还可以通过无线接口(116)向AP(120)发送其它的信息，并通过无线接口(116)接收AP(120)回复的各种信息。上述处理器(112)与所述存储器(114)耦合，用于读取存储器(114)中的指令(1141)，并根据所述指令(1141)执行所述本发明方法实施例中由AP(120)执行的步骤，以建立STA(110)与AP(120)之间的通信连接。在一个例子中，上述无线接口(116)的功能可以通过一个无线收发器(1162)来实现。
上述的请求帧可以为鉴权请求帧，响应帧为鉴权响应帧；或上述的请求帧为关联请求帧，响应帧为关联响应帧。上述鉴权请求帧和鉴权响应帧仅仅只是两个不同的名称，用于区分不用的鉴权帧，在实际应用时这两个帧可以都叫鉴权帧，收到该鉴权帧的网络实体可以通过鉴权帧中携带的不同序号来进行区分。
下面将通过具体的例子来说明STA(110)与AP(120)之间建立通信连接的方法。下述方法中由STA(110)执行的步骤可以是STA(110)中的处理器(112)通过执行存储器(114)中存储的指令来实现。而由AP(120)执行的步骤可以是AP(120)中的处理器(122)通过执行存储器(124)中存储的指令来实现。参见图4所示，本发明实施例中STA(110)与AP(120)建立通信连接的方法如下：
102，STA(110)向AP(120)发送请求帧。
当STA(110)需要与AP(120)之间传输数据时，则向AP(120)发送请求帧，以建立STA(110)需与AP(120)之间的连接。向AP(120)发送的请求帧的STA可能有N个，STA(110)是该N个STA中的一个。
104，STA(110)接收AP(120)发送响应帧。该响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对M个STA的M个响应，STA(110)是M个STA中的 一个。该M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示该M个STA从AP(120)发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应。
本发明中向AP(120)发送请求帧的STA可以有N个，N为大于或等于1的自然数，但此N个STA中可能有部分STA不满足条件，例如，不支持以下行OFDMA(英文全称：Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access；中文全称：正交频分多址)的方式或下行MU MIMO的方式或下行多播帧的方式接收AP发送的响应帧或者选择的标识有冲突等，从而导致AP无法发送响应帧给这部分STA。因此，AP收到的鉴权请求帧虽然有N个，但发送的应答帧中可能只包含了针对其中M个STA的应答，该M为小于或等于N的自然数。本领域的技术人员可以理解，当N个STA中的所有STA都满足条件时，M＝N。
在一种具体的实现方式中，为了实现M个响应能在一个响应帧中发送，上述2≤M≤N，N≥2。
可选的，当该M个响应需要与除该N个STA之外的其它J个STA的数据帧或管理帧一起发送时，该响应中还包括此J个STA的标识以及该J个STA的数据帧或管理帧，此时M的值可以为1或大于1的数，即1≤M≤N，N≥1。
106，所述STA(110)将自己获取的标识与所述M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于该STA(110)的响应。
上述STA(110)获取的标识可以是STA(110)从AP接收到的，也可以是STA自己保存的。
可选地，上述响应帧中还可以包括其它J个STA的数据帧或管理帧，当此J个STA收到响应帧时，可以根据自己的标识从响应帧中获取相应的数据帧或管理帧。
上述步骤102中，当STA(110)需要到AP(120)鉴权时，则STA(110)向AP(120)发送的请求帧为鉴权请求帧。STA(110)发送鉴权请求帧可以采用现有技术中的方式，例如，可以采用CSMA/CA(英文全称：carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance；中文全称：载波侦听多址访问/冲突避免)的方式竞争信道，也可以由AP询问STA(110)发送鉴权请求帧，也可以是STA(110)在特定的窗口内直接发送或者用受限竞争的方式获取信道，本发明实施例对STA(110)发送鉴权请求帧的方式不作限定。可以理 解，上述步骤102中，当STA(110)需要与AP(120)关联时，则STA(110)向AP(120)发送的请求帧为关联请求帧。
由于鉴权的过程与关联的过程相似，为节省篇幅，下面仅以鉴权的过程为例进行说明。以鉴权过程为例，现有技术中的鉴权请求帧(500)的结构可以参见图5所示。在本发明的一个实施例中，STA(110)可以通过鉴权请求帧提前告知AP(120)该STA(110)支持以下行OFDMA的方式或下行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式接收鉴权响应帧，即支持AP(120)将不同STA的响应放在一个鉴权响应帧中下发。因此，参见图6所示，假设STA(110)支持OFDMA的方式接受鉴权响应帧，则上述鉴权请求帧(500)中还可以包括一个OFDMA能力单元(510)，用于指示STA(110)支持用OFDMA的方式接收鉴权响应帧。该OFDMA能力单元(410)可以是鉴权请求帧(400)中一个新增的信元，也可以是直接使用鉴权请求帧(400)中未被使用的Status Code信元(512)。当请求帧是关联请求帧时，可以在该关联请求帧中新增一个OFDMA能力单元。
在一个具体的例子中，OFDMA能力信息单元(510)的结构可以如图7所示，包括信息单元标识(Element ID)(511)、信息单元长度(Length)(512)和OFDMA能力信息(OFDMA Capability)(513)。Element ID(511)、Length(512)和OFDMA Capability(513)可以分别占用1个byte。
当然，在另外一个例子中，STA(110)也可以通过在鉴权请求帧中携带一个信元来告知AP(120)该STA(110)支持以下行MU MIMO的方式或者下行多播帧的方式接收AP(120)发送的鉴权响应帧。
在本发明的实施例中，向AP发送请求帧的STA可以有N个，N可以通过下面两种方式确定：
(1)N可以表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。具体地，可以由AP(120)设定一个时间范围，AP(120)在该时间范围内接收STA发送的请求帧，N表示在该时间范围内向AP(120)发送请求帧的STA的数量。
参见图3所示，AP(120)中可以包括一个定时器(126)，该定时器(126)的时间可以设置为与SIFS的值相同。参见图8所示，以鉴权过程为例，AP(120)收到第一个STA发送的鉴权请求帧(411)后开始启动定时器(126)，假设定时器(126)的时间设置为T，当定时器(126)的时间达到T时，AP (120)一共收到了N个STA发送的鉴权请求帧(411，……，41N)，此时AP(120)向这N个STA中的M个STA回复一个鉴权响应帧(430)，该一个鉴权响应帧(430)中包括了M个鉴权响应(鉴权响应1，……，鉴权响应N)，每个鉴权响应分别对应这M个STA中的一个STA。
上述定时器(126)的时间T可以通过如下函数确定：
T＝f(x)＝x-t，0<t<x
x可以设为鉴权请求帧的有效时间，即超过此有效时间，STA还没有收到AP发送的鉴权响应则表明鉴权失败，STA需要重新发起鉴权。t为大于0小于x的数，例如，可以取1ms，2ms，3ms等。
(2)N也可以由AP(120)确定。
例如，N的值可以为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者N的值可以为AP(120)倾向于支持接入的STA的个数。参见图3所示，AP(120)还可以包括一个计数器(128)。仍旧以鉴权过程为例，AP(120)的处理器(122)每收到一个STA发送的鉴权请求帧时，就将该计数器(128)的值加1，当该计数器(128)的值到达N时，说明AP接收到的鉴权请求帧已经达到了N个，此时AP(120)向这N个STA中的M个STA发送一个鉴权响应帧，该鉴权响应帧中包括了M个鉴权响应，每个鉴权响应分别对应这M个STA中的一个STA。
在另一个实施例中，为了让STA知道AP(120)已经收到了STA的请求帧，并允许STA执行后续的步骤，例如，允许该STA与所述AP(120)进行关联，或者允许该STA执行后续鉴权，则AP(120)可先向STA回复一个应答帧。例如，参见图4所示，AP(120)收到N个STA发送的鉴权请求帧后，可以进一步执行步骤103。在步骤103中，AP(120)向M个STA中的每个STA都先回复一个应答(ACK)帧，此ACK帧表明AP(120)已经收到了该M个STA发送的请求帧，并允许该M个STA与AP(120)进行关联。在另一实施例中，AP(120)也可以向该M个STA只发送一个多用户ACK帧，该多用户ACK帧中包含针对该M个STA的M个应答。为了让每个STA都能获知后续AP发送应答帧的方式，上述ACK帧或多用户ACK帧中可以包括一个指示信息，用于通知每个STA该AP(120)将通过一个响应帧发送该M个STA的响应。
STA(110)接收AP(120)发送的应答(ACK)帧。
随后，在步骤104中，AP(120)竞争信道并通过竞争到的信道向STA(110)发送响应帧，该响应帧中包含了分别针对M个STA的M个标识和M个响应。该响应帧可以是以下行OFDMA(DL OFDMA)的方式发送的,例如，AP(120)在竞争到的一个信道的不同子带上发送该M个STA的响应。该响应帧也可以是以MU MIMO方式的方式发送的，例如AP(120)在竞争到的一个信道的不同空间流上发送该M个STA的响应。或者，该响应帧还可以是以下行多播帧的形式发送的，例如，AP(120)在竞争到的信道上发送一个A-MPDU(英文全称：Aggregate MAC protocol data unit)，该A-MPDU中包含了M个MPDU，分别对应所述M个STA的响应。参见图9所示，一个A-MPDU可以由若干个MPDU组成的，在现有技术中，一个A-MPDU中的所有MPDU都只能发送给相同的接收节点，STA在收到一个A-MPDU之后仅会查看第一个MPDU的接收地址，如果与自己的地址不匹配，就会停止接收过程。因此，我们需要进一步的设计来支持使用一个A-MPDU来发送不同STA的响应。
一种可能的实施方式是AP(120)在发送A-MPDU时在帧内携带一个信息位，用来指示每个STA在接收A-MPDU时应该查看该A-MPDU中所有MPDU的接收地址，并与自己的地址进行匹配，如果匹配上了，就进行接收。该信息位可以位于MAC header(810)中，也可以位于MPDU delimiter(812)的预留比特(Reserved bit)中，或者可以位于图10所示的响应帧的HE-SIG A中。
为了区分上述M个STA的响应，AP发送的响应帧里面还需要包括M个STA的标识，该M个STA的标识与M个响应一一对应。该STA的标识可以通过下面三种方式中的任意一种获取：
(1)该M个STA的标识为AP根据该M个STA的MAC地址生成的。
例如，AP根据每个STA的MAC地址生成相应的PMA，每个STA采用与AP相同的计算方法来根据自己的MAC地址生成PMA。
或者，AP根据每个STA的MAC地址生成一个PMA地址作为STA的标识，AP将每个STA的PMA携带在ACK帧中发送给STA。
计算PMA的方法有很多种，在一个具体的例子中，PMA地址可以根据STA的MAC地址的若干比特位通过运算生成。当PMA地址需要与AID (英文全称：Association ID，中文全称：关联号)一起使用时，PAM地址的长度最好不超过AID的长度(14bits)，且与AID的范围(1-2007)不重叠。例如，假设STA的MAC地址一共有N个LSB(英文全称：least significant bit；中文全称：最低位)位，PMA可以根据如下公式生成：
Figure PCTCN2015098996-appb-000002
其中a，b，c，d，e，f，g，h，i，j为自然数。MA[m:n]表示STA的MAC地址的第m个LSB位到第n个LSB位，dec表示十进制数。通过该生成方案可以避开AID的范围，而且利用了MAC地址的较多位，更好地避免了PMA地址的重叠。
当AP发送给STA的响应帧中携带的STA的标识为PMA时，参见图10所示，可以将PMA放在该响应帧(900)的HE-SIG B信元(910)中。除此之外，HE-SIG B信元(910)还可以包括分配给各个STA的资源映射，该资源映射用于告诉STA接收该STA的响应的资源位置。(描述准确)(2)该STA的标识可以是临时AID；该临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的。
例如，参见图4所示，在步骤102之前可以进一步执行步骤101。在步骤101中，STA可以从一个预设的序列范围(例如[2008,4096])中随机选一个值作为该STA的临时AID，并将该临时AID携带在请求帧中发送给AP，AP收到每个STA发送的请求帧后获取每个STA的AID。若多个STA选择了相同的临时AID，AP则可以选择采用传统的方法进行回复，例如，AP向具有相同的临时AID的每个STA都单独发送一个响应帧。
上述预设的序列范围可以是AP确定并发送给每个STA的。例如，参见图4所示，在步骤101之前可以进一步包括步骤100，即AP(120)发送Beacon/probe response帧给STA(110)，该Beacon/probe response帧包含了上述预设的序列范围。参见图11所示，AP发送给STA的Beacon/probe response帧(900)中可以包括Minimum Temporary AID(910)和Temporary AID offset(920)两个信元，其中Minimum Temporary AID(910)表示STA所能选择的最小临时AID，Temporary AID offset(920)表示STA所能够选择的相对于最小临时AID的最大偏移量。Minimum Temporary AID(910)和Temporary AID offset(920)可以分别占用2个字节(byte)。
(3)该STA的标识可以是临时AID；该临时AID是由AP产生，并在 发送响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给STA的。
当某个STA选择了与其它STA相同的临时AID或者该STA在请求帧中没有携带临时AID时，AP可以通过此第(3)种方式来产生临时AID并发该STA。
例如，参见图4所示，当AP(120)收到STA发送的请求帧后可以进一步执行步骤1002，即AP(120)从预设的序列范围内随机选择一个序列作为临时AID，并将此临时AID通过ACK帧在步骤103中发送给STA。STA收到ACK帧后，从该ACK帧中获取自己的临时AID并保存在存储器(114)中。后续STA收到AP发送的响应帧后就可以从存储器(114)中获取此临时AID，并将此临时AID与响应帧中的临时AID进行比较以从响应帧中获取属于该STA的响应。参见图12所示，AP可以在ACK帧(1100)中新增一个信元Temporary AID(1110)用于表示临时AID。除此之外，AP还可以在ACK帧(1100)中新增另一个信元OFDMA Indication(1120)用于通知STA该AP将会以OFDMA的方式下发响应帧。
当然，AP也可以通过ACK帧(1100)通知STA该AP将通过其他的方式，例如下行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式来发送响应帧。
上述很多例子中都是以鉴权过程为例进行说明的，图13所示为本发明实施例中STA与AP进行关联的过程，由于STA与AP进行关联的过程与上述鉴权过程类似，在此不再赘述。本领域的技术人员可以理解，当STA与AP进行关联时，STA发送给AP的是关联请求帧，而AP回复给STA的是关联响应帧。
在另一个实施例中，AP除了通过响应帧发送多个STA的响应外，还可以通过响应帧发送除这多个STA之外其它STA的数据帧或管理帧。参见图14所示，假设有N+K个STA，第1至第N个STA(STA1，……，STAN)准备或正在与AP建立连接。而另外K个STA(STA N+1，……，STAN+K)已经与AP建立了连接，正在等待接收AP发送给STA的数据帧或管理帧，K为自然数。假设AP收到前面N个STA发送的请求帧后，需要给其中的M个STA的回复响应。并且AP还需要给上述K个STA中的J个STA发送数据帧或管理帧，J为小于或等于K的自然数。此种情况下，为了进一步节省下行资源，AP可以将M个STA的响应和支持下行OFDMA方式或下行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式的J个STA的数据帧或管理帧放在一个响应 帧中发送，即参见图14所示，AP向M个STA送的响应帧(1200)中还包括另外J个STA个的数据(1210)。由于上述J个STA已经与AP建立了连接并且在建立连接的过程中获取了AID，为了能够让这J个STA识别出属于自己的数据帧或管理帧，该响应帧中还可以包括与该J个STA相对应的标识(例如，AID或者临时AID)，用于指示该J个STA从响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。至于针对M个STA的响应，可以采用前面实施例中描述的STA的标识来进行区分。对于不支持下行OFDMA方式或下行MU MIMO方式或下行多播帧的方式的STA，AP仍旧可以采用现有方式来发送响应帧或者数据帧或管理帧。
进一步地，如果M个STA使用的标识(如，PMA、临时AID)与上述J个STA使用的AID有冲突时，为了能够让STA区分出那些是用AID进行标识的，哪些是用其它方式(如，PMA或临时AID)进行标识的，AP发送给STA的响应帧中还可以包含一个指示位，用于指示是否使用了AID。当然，如果前N个STA使用的标识与AID完全没有冲突时，也可以不使用此指示位。
在前面的实施例中，每个STA都是单独发送请求帧给AP的，为了节省上行资源，在另一个实施例中，AP可以进一步向上述M个STA发送触发信令，触发该M个STA后续以上行OFDMA(ULOFDMA)的方式或MU MIMO方式发送请求帧(例如，鉴权请求帧或者关联请求帧)，即该M个STA可以在同一信道的不同子带或不同的空间流中向该AP发送请求帧。
参见图15所示，假设AP(120)收到了N个STA发送的鉴权请求帧，为了避免这些STA都单独竞争信道而浪费上行资源，AP(120)可以向其中支持上行OFDMA方式或MU MIMO方式的M个STA发送一个触发信令(1400)，用于指示这M个STA(1501……150N)后续可以在同一上行信道(1500)的M个子带或M个空间流上发送该M个STA的请求帧。该发送请求帧的方式可以是上行OFDMA的方式或MU MIMO方式。图15中是以联合请求帧为例进行说明的，本领域的技术人员可以理解，当STA与AP之间鉴权完了一次，还需要进一步鉴权时，该请求帧也可以是鉴权请求帧。
AP(120)在上述M个STA发送响应帧之前可以先向这M个STA分别ACK帧，或者向这M个STA发送一个多用户ACK帧(1600)。之后AP(120)会向这M个STA发送一个响应帧。
上述M个STA收到AP发送的响应帧后，隔SIFS时间发送关联请求帧，即该M个STA在同一上行信道(1400)的M个子带或M个空间流上发送该M个STA的M个关联请求帧(1501……150M)。
在另一个实施例中，如果另外K个STA(STAN+1，……，STA N+K)已经与AP建立了连接，正在等待接收AP发送给STA的数据帧或管理帧，如果其中有J个STA支持OFDMA的方式或MU MIMO方式，则进一步地，该触发信令(1400)还可以用于指示另外该J个STA以联合的方式发送该J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息，参见图16所示，即该J个STA可以在所述同一上行信道(1500)的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送该J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
上述触发信令(1400)可以是一个单独的触发帧，也可以位于响应帧中，例如，携带在鉴权响应帧(900)的HE-SIG B信元(910)中。
该触发信令(1400)的结构可以如图17所示，里面包括被触发的STA的标识(1410)(例如，AID,Partial AID,PMA或临时AID)，响应帧的类型(1420)以及与该响应帧相对应的资源映射(1430)。在一个具体的例子中，该响应帧的类型(1420)中还可以进一步包括类型(1421)和子类型(1422)，该类型(1421)可以用于指示此响应帧是数据帧还是管理帧。举个例子来说，类型(1421)显示此响应帧为管理帧时，该子类型(1422)可以进一步用于指示此响应帧是否为鉴权帧、关联帧等等。由于响应帧的类型(1520)可以采用很多现有技术的方式来进行指示，此处不再赘述。
图17中所示的STA的标识(1410)，响应帧的类型(1420)以及与该响应帧相对应的资源映射(1430)这三个信元是在一起的，本领域的技术人员可以理解，在实际应用时，这三个信元也可以是分开设置的。只要触发信令中包含此三个信元即可。
上述M个STA和J个STA收到触发信令(1400)后可以在同一信道上发送该M个STA的关联请求和该J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
AP(120)收到这M个STA和J个STA在同一信道上发送的关联请求和数据后可以回复一个OFDMA ACK或多用户ACK，此OFDMA ACK或多用户ACK中包含了针对所述M个STA的ACK和针对所述J个STA的ACK。
在另一实施例中，该AP(120)收到这M个STA在同一信道上发送的 关联请求后也可以不回复上述多用户ACK，而是直接执行后面的过程，例如直接回复关联响应(1700)或直接发送数据帧或管理帧。
应理解地，在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的器件及步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和器件的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
另外，上述上述处理器可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。具体的，可以借助软件加必需的通用硬件的方式来实现，通用硬件包括通用集成电路、通用CPU(英文：Central Processing Unit，中文：中央处理器)、通用数字信号处理器(英文：Digital Signal Processor，简称：DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(英文：Field Programming Gate Array，简称：FPGA)、可编程逻辑器件(英文：Programmable Logical Device，简称：PLD)、通用存储器、通用元器件等，当然也可以通过专用硬件包括专用集成电路(英文：Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称ASIC)、专用CPU、专用存储器、专用元器件等来实现。
本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(英文：Read Only Memory，简称为ROM)、随机存取存储器(英文：Random Access Memory，简称为RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
软件或指令还可以通过传输介质来传输。例如，如果使用同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、数字用户线(英文：Digital Subscriber Line,简称：DSL)或者无线技术(如红外线、无线电和微波)从网站、服务器或其它远程源传输软件，那么同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、DSL或者无线技术(如红外线、无线电和微波))包括在传输介质的定义中。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (50)

  1. 一种接入点(AP)，其特征在于，所述AP包括处理器(122)，存储器(124)和无线接口(126)；所述存储器(124)用于存储指令(1141)；所述无线接口(126)，用于连接所述AP与N个STA；所述N为大于或等于2的自然数；
    所述处理器(122)与所述存储器(124)耦合，用于读取存储器(124)中的指令(1141)，并根据存储器(122)中的指令(1141)执行如下步骤：
    通过所述无线接口(126)接收所述N个STA发送的N个请求帧；
    竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上通过所述无线接口(126)向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为自然数，所述2≤M≤N。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述存储器(124)还用于存储所述M个STA的MAC地址，所述处理器(122)进一步用于根据所述M个STA的MAC地址生成的所述M个STA的标识。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述STA的标识为临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者，所述临时AID是由所述处理器(122)产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的AP，其特征在于，所述处理器(122)进一步用于确定所述预设的序列范围并通过所述无线接口发送给每个STA。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所示AP还包括一个定时器(128)，用于设定一个时间范围；
    所述处理器(122)进一步用于在所述定时器(128)设定的时间范围内通过无线接口(126)接收STA发送的请求帧，所述N表示在该时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述处理器(122)进一步用于确定所述N的值，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP倾向于支持接入的STA的个数。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述AP的处理器(122)进一步用于在发送所述响应帧之前，通过所述无线接口(126)向每个STA都分别发送一个应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述指示信息用于通知每个STA所述AP将通过一个响应帧发送所述N个STA的响应。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述AP发送的响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧；所述J为大于或等于1的自然数。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的AP，其特征在于，所述处理器(122)还用于通过所述无线接口(126)下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的AP，其特征在于，所述处理器(122)还用于收到所述N个请求帧后，通过所述无线接口(126)向所述M个STA发送一个多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的AP，其特征在于，所述触发信令还用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11任意一项所述的AP，其特征在于，所述触发信令位于所述响应帧中，或者所述触发信令位于AP发送的一个触发帧中。
  13. 一种站点(STA)，其特征在于，所述STA包括处理器(112)，存储器(114)和无线接口(116)：
    所述存储器(114)用于存储指令；所述无线接口(116)用于连接所述STA和接入点(AP)；
    所述处理器(112)与所述存储器(114)耦合，用于读取所述存储器(114)中的指令，并根据所述指令执行以下步骤：
    通过无线接口(116)向所述AP发送请求帧，并接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为自然数，所述M≥2；
    获取所述STA的标识，并将获取到的所述STA的标识与所述响应帧中的M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述存储器(114)进一步用于存储所述STA的MAC地址所述处理器(112)进一步用于根据所述存储器(114)中保存的所述STA的MAC地址生成所述STA的标识。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述M个STA的标识为M个临时AID；所述处理器(112)进一步用于从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列作为临时AID，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP；或者所述处理器(112)进一步用于在接收所述响应帧之前，通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包括所述临时AID。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理器(112)进一步用于通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的所述预设的序列范围。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，向所述AP发送请求帧的STA有N个，所述M个STA为所述N个STA中的部分或全部，所述M≤N，所述N为大于或等于2的自然数。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述N表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送鉴权帧的STA的数量。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述N为所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP能够支持接入的STA的个数。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理器(112)进一步用于在接收所述AP发送的响应帧之前，接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述处理器(112)还用于根据所述指示信息获知所述AP将通过所述响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
  22. 根据权利要求13所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理器(112)还 用于通过所述无线接口(116)接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理器(112)还用于在向AP发送请求帧后，接收所述AP发送的多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的STA，其特征在于，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
  25. 根据权利要求13至24任意一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述触发信令位于所述响应帧中，或者所述触发信令位于AP发送的一个触发帧中。
  26. 一种站点(STA)与接入点(AP)之间建立通信连接的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    所述AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧，所述N为大于或等于2的自然数；
    所述AP在收到所述N个STA发送的请求帧后，竞争信道并在竞争成功的信道上向所述N个STA中的M个STA发送一个响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了所述M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应；所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应，用于指示所述M个STA从所述AP发送的响应帧中接收属于自己的响应；所述M为自然数，所述2≤M≤N。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个STA的标识为所述AP分别根据所述M个STA的MAC地址生成的。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA的标识为临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者所述临时AID是由所述AP产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设的序列范围为所述AP确定并发送给每个STA的。
  30. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP接收N个STA向所述AP发送的请求帧包括：
    所述AP设定一个时间范围；
    所述AP在所述时间范围内接收STA发送的请求帧，所述N表示在该时间范围内向AP发送请求帧的STA的数量。
  31. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N为所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP倾向于支持接入的STA的个数。
  32. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP在向所述M个STA发送一个响应帧之前，向每个STA都分别发送一个应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述指示信息用于通知每个STA所述AP将通过一个响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
  33. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP发送的响应帧中还包括另外J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
  34. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP下发一个触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP收到所述另外M个请求帧后，向所述M个STA发送一个多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
  36. 根据权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述触发信令还用于指示另外的J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或buffer的状态信息。
  37. 根据权利要求26至36任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述触发信令位于所述响应帧中，或者所述触发信令位于AP发送的一个触发帧中。
  38. 一种站点(STA)与接入点(AP)之间建立通信连接的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    所述STA向所述AP发送请求帧；
    所述STA接收所述AP发送的响应帧，所述响应帧中包含了M个STA的标识以及针对所述M个STA的M个响应，所述M个STA的标识与所述M个响应一一对应；所述M为大于或等于2的自然数；
    所述STA将自己保存的标识与所述M个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述M个响应中获取属于所述STA的响应。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个STA的标识为所述AP分别根据所述M个STA的MAC地址生成的，所述STA自己保存的标识是所述STA根据所述STA的MAC地址生成的。
  40. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N个STA的标识为M个临时AID；所述临时AID是每个STA从预设的序列范围内随机选择的一个序列，并携带在所述请求帧中发送给所述AP的；或者所述临时AID是由所述AP产生，并在发送所述响应帧之前通过应答帧发送给每个STA的。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设的序列范围为所述AP确定并发送给所述STA的。
  42. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，向所述AP发送请求帧的STA有N个，所述M个STA为所述N个STA中的部分或全部，所述M≤N，所述N为大于或等于2的自然数。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N表示在预设时间范围内向AP发送鉴权帧的STA的数量。
  44. 根据权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N为所述AP确定的，所述N的值为一个下行OFDMA帧或下行MU MIMO帧或下行多播帧所能支持的最大用户数，或者所述N的值为所述AP能够支持接入的STA的个数。
  45. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA接收所述AP发送的响应帧之前，接收所述AP发送的应答帧，所述应答帧中包含一个指示信息，所述STA根据所述指示信息获知所述AP将通过所述响应帧发送所述M个STA的响应。
  46. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述响应帧中还包括J个STA的数据帧或管理帧以及所述J个STA的标识，以使所述J个STA中的每个STA根据自己保存的标识与所述J个STA的标识进行匹配以从所述响应帧中接收属于自己的数据帧或管理帧。
  47. 根据权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA接收所述AP发送的触发信令，所述触发信令用于指示所述M个STA在同一上行信道的M个子带或M个空间流上发送所述M个STA的另外M个请求帧。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA向AP发送请求帧后，接收所述AP发送的多用户应答帧，该多用户应答帧中包括对所述M个STA的应答。
  49. 根据权利要求47所述的方法，其特征在于，所述触发信令还用于指示另外J个STA在所述同一上行信道的另外J个子带或J个空间流上发送所述J个STA的数据帧、调度请求帧、管理帧或缓存的状态信息。
  50. 根据权利要求38至49任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述触发信令位于所述响应帧中，或者所述触发信令位于AP发送的一个触发帧中。
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