WO2016106809A1 - 一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关 - Google Patents

一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106809A1
WO2016106809A1 PCT/CN2015/070386 CN2015070386W WO2016106809A1 WO 2016106809 A1 WO2016106809 A1 WO 2016106809A1 CN 2015070386 W CN2015070386 W CN 2015070386W WO 2016106809 A1 WO2016106809 A1 WO 2016106809A1
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optical switch
feedback
micro
speed
signal
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PCT/CN2015/070386
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English (en)
French (fr)
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武保剑
王利辉
文峰
廖明乐
胡钢
邱昆
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电子科技大学
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Publication of WO2016106809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106809A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a high-speed micro-ring optical switch with a stable mechanism.
  • optical switches have important applications in optical communication, optical computing, optical interconnection and optical information processing systems.
  • the future optical switch technology is developing in the direction of high speed, large bandwidth, low power consumption and small size.
  • various micro-ring resonator structures have become more and more popular research, which can significantly reduce the device size and reduce the power consumption of the device. It is an important solution to realize the optical switch unit.
  • the micro-ring optical switch is affected by many factors such as external temperature, input optical power, optical switch injection carrier heating effect and thermal crosstalk caused by micro heating resistor.
  • micro-heaters or other semiconductor structures with micro-rings to compensate for the external environment by changing the voltage of the corresponding control circuit in a non-real-time manner.
  • the disadvantage of this kind of feedback-free control method is that the thermal crosstalk and photothermal effect brought by the control circuit itself are difficult to eliminate due to factors such as temperature or process error; the other is to use the composite optical integrated device to make the whole micro-ring system It is not sensitive to temperature, but the acquisition method of this composite material and its chip processing technology are still not perfect, it is difficult to be compatible with CMOS process, and the cost is high; how to ensure the micro-ring resonator maintains the corresponding high-speed switching performance under dynamic switching state more difficult.
  • the present invention focuses on solving the above problems.
  • the purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a high-speed micro-ring optical switch with a stable mechanism to ensure stable operation of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch under static working and dynamic lighting conditions.
  • a high-speed micro-ring optical switch with a stable mechanism comprising a high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip, a spectral shaping unit, an photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit and a feedback control circuit unit, wherein the high-speed micro-ring optical switch Controllable micro-structure components are provided on the chip for controlling high-speed micro-ring optical switches Chip; after detecting the light input high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip, the output probe light enters the spectrum shaping unit, and the spectrum shaping unit shapes the output probe light to obtain a feedback optical signal, and the feedback optical signal is photoelectrically converted and signal-collected by the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit. After processing, the feedback electrical signal related to the spectrum drift is extracted, and the feedback electrical signal is input to the feedback control circuit unit. Under the trigger of the feedback electrical signal, the feedback control circuit unit drives the controllable microstructure component on the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip. The control of the working state of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip is realized by changing the micro-ring resonance spectrum.
  • the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip comprises a micro-ring, an input straight waveguide, a download-end output direct waveguide and a controllable microstructure component; the probe light is injected through the input straight waveguide, when the probe light does not satisfy the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring Directly outputting from the other port of the direct waveguide; when the probe light satisfies the resonant wavelength of the microring, the probe light is coupled into the microring and directed to the output of the output of the straight waveguide port; the controllable microstructure component passes through the feedback control circuit unit Drive, realize the control of the working state of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip by changing the micro-ring resonance spectrum.
  • the spectral shaping unit adopts a linear edge filter, and the spectral shaping unit receives the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip to output the detection light, performs spectral shaping, enhances the sensitivity of the optical power variation of the detection light, and outputs the shaped detection light to the photoelectric feedback.
  • Signal extraction unit adopts a linear edge filter, and the spectral shaping unit receives the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip to output the detection light, performs spectral shaping, enhances the sensitivity of the optical power variation of the detection light, and outputs the shaped detection light to the photoelectric feedback.
  • Signal extraction unit is a linear edge filter, and the spectral shaping unit receives the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip to output the detection light, performs spectral shaping, enhances the sensitivity of the optical power variation of the detection light, and outputs the shaped detection light to the photoelectric feedback.
  • the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit comprises a photodetector, a data acquisition card and a digital filter.
  • the photoelectric detector performs photoelectric conversion on the feedback optical signal, and then collects an electrical signal through the data acquisition card, and the digital filter filters the collected electrical signal. Generate a feedback electrical signal.
  • the feedback control circuit unit comprises a power module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a digital-to-analog conversion module, and an IV conversion and amplification module; after the data receiving module receives the feedback electrical signal, the data processing module performs data processing, and the corresponding data is obtained after processing.
  • the digital signal is sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module to be converted into an analog signal, and the analog signal is generated by the IV conversion and amplification module to generate a feedback drive signal, and is loaded into the controllable microstructure component on the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip.
  • controllable microstructure element is a microheater or a PN junction.
  • the probe light is auxiliary light outside the working wavelength or working wavelength of the micro ring optical switch.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention comprehensively considers various factors affecting the state of the microring, and directly extracts the feedback signal from the working state of the microring switch (instead of only using a single information such as temperature or carrier concentration as a feedback signal), More adaptability, can also reduce the requirements of the micro-ring optical switch manufacturing process.
  • the invention utilizes a spectral shaping unit for spectral shaping, via an optical feedback signal extraction unit and feedback control
  • the circuit unit generates a feedback drive signal to achieve static and dynamic stabilization of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch.
  • the control device of the present invention detects the change of the optical power caused by the switch state information and the spectral drift by the sensitivity enhancement technique based on the linear edge filter, and extracts the information related to the spectrum drift information. Feedback electrical signal.
  • the invention adopts a feedback control mechanism to realize dynamic stabilization of a micro-ring optical switch, wherein the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit and the feedback control circuit unit have intelligent signal processing and flexible output functions, which can not only compensate for the process error to a certain extent, but also ensure
  • the micro-ring optical switch keeps the work stable under the influence of complicated factors.
  • the control method further improves the switching performance of the micro-ring optical switch, and has important applications in the fields of optical switching matrix, optical switch, digital modulation, micro-ring nonlinear research and regenerative shaping.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a high speed micro-ring optical switch with a stabilization mechanism according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of spectral shaping of a switching spectrum by a spectral shaping unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an optical feedback signal extracting unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feedback electrical signal extracted during a dynamic switching process of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a feedback control circuit unit of the present invention.
  • the high-speed micro-ring optical switch with stability mechanism proposed by the invention comprises a high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip, a spectral shaping unit, an photoelectric feedback signal extracting unit and a feedback control circuit unit, wherein the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip A controllable microstructure component is disposed on the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip.
  • the controllable micro-structure component on the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip is a micro-electric heater.
  • the thermo-optic effect has a large tuning range, and the thermo-optic effect can effectively solve the resonance peak drift problem caused by the external environment.
  • the processing precision of the existing CMOS process is difficult to achieve perfect matching with the ideal design, and can also be passed through the hot light. The effect is to compensate for the resonance wavelength drift caused by the process error.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a high-speed micro-ring optical switch with a stabilization mechanism disclosed in the present invention, including a high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip, a spectrum shaping unit, an electro-optical feedback signal extraction unit, and a feedback control circuit unit.
  • the detecting light is input into the micro-ring optical switch chip, and the output probe light is generated by the spectral shaping unit to generate a feedback optical signal, and the feedback optical signal is photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric feedback signal extracting unit to extract a feedback electrical signal, and the feedback electrical signal is generated by the feedback control circuit unit.
  • a suitable feedback drive signal is applied to the micro-heater for high-speed micro-ring optical switch temperature control for changing the micro-ring resonance spectrum, thereby controlling the state of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip.
  • the probe light may be the working wavelength light of the micro ring optical switch, or may be auxiliary light of other wavelengths.
  • the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip comprises a micro-ring, an input straight waveguide, a download-end output straight waveguide and a controllable microstructure component; the probe light is injected through the input straight waveguide, and when the probe light does not satisfy the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring, directly from The straight waveguide outputs another port; when the probe light satisfies the resonant wavelength of the microring, the probe light is coupled into the microring and directed to the output terminal to output the straight waveguide port output.
  • the micro-heater is located near the micro-ring and is used to heat the micro-ring optical switch to adjust the switching state of the micro-ring optical switch. In order to ensure that the micro-ring optical switch is in a stable working state, the operating temperature of the micro-ring optical switch needs to be performed. Real-time control.
  • the spectral shaping unit processes the detection light outputted by the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip by using a linear edge filter-based sensitivity enhancement technique to detect switching state information and optical power variation caused by spectral drift. Due to the symmetry of the microring resonance peak, in order to intelligently identify the switch state information and the spectrum drift information and improve the sensitivity to the change of the probe optical power, it is necessary to shape the switching spectrum of the micro ring optical switch. In order to improve the intelligent processing function of the spectral shaping unit, a counter control signal can be obtained from the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of spectral shaping of a switching spectrum by a spectral shaping unit, As can be seen from FIG. 2, the shaped spectrum is highly sensitive to changes in the optical power of the probe light, including changes in optical power caused by switching state information and changes in optical power caused by spectral drift information.
  • the photoelectric feedback signal extracting unit comprises a photodetector, a data acquisition card and a digital filter, as shown in FIG. 3; the photodetector is used for photoelectric conversion, and the data acquisition card is used for collecting an electrical signal, the electrical signal includes a switch Status information, including spectrum drift information. Since the collected electrical signal has burrs and contains some high frequency interference signals, and in order to extract spectral drift information from the electrical signal, a digital filter is used.
  • the digital filter is a Labview virtual instrument, and the received electrical signal is filtered and determined by the Labview program, and the switch drive signal offset component in the electrical signal is removed, and a feedback electrical signal reflecting only the spectral drift information is generated and transmitted to
  • the feedback control circuit unit as shown in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the feedback electrical signal extracted during the dynamic switching process.
  • the high-speed micro-ring optical switch is in a static working state: when the micro-ring optical switch is in the "on" state, the detection light wavelength is at the position of the resonance peak, and the output detection light passes through the linear edge filter, the photodetector, and the data acquisition card. , generating an electrical signal voltage V H . Due to external temperature, input optical power, thermal switching effect of the photoelectric switch injected by the optical switch, and thermal crosstalk caused by the micro heating resistor, the micro-ring optical switch generates temperature drift, causing the micro-ring resonance peak to move left and right, and the resonance peak shifts to the right.
  • the micro ring optical switch When the voltage V H becomes larger, the voltage V H becomes smaller when the resonance peak shifts to the left; when the micro ring optical switch is in the "off" state, the probe light wavelength is outside the resonance peak, and the probe light output from the micro ring chip is subjected to spectral shaping.
  • the unit and the photoelectric feedback signal extracting unit generate an electrical signal voltage V L . Due to the complicated factors such as the above external temperature, the micro ring optical switch generates a temperature drift, causing the resonant peak to move left and right, and when the resonant peak shifts to the right, the voltage V L becomes large, and the resonance When the peak shifts to the left, the voltage V L becomes smaller. In the above static state, the change of the electrical signals V H and V L is the spectral drift information.
  • the micro-ring optical switch is in the dynamic "on/off" working state: when the micro-ring is from “on” to “off", the voltage variation is V H -V L >0; when the micro-ring is from “off” to “on” At the time, the amount of voltage change is V L - V H ⁇ 0.
  • the switch state information and the spectrum drift information are distinguished according to the amount of change of the voltage, and the voltage offset caused by the switch state information is removed by the digital filter to obtain a feedback electrical signal, which becomes larger or smaller according to the feedback electrical signal, that is, the resonance peak shifts to the left. Or right shift, feedback to the feedback control circuit unit to generate a suitable feedback drive signal. For example, when the output voltage becomes large, the temperature control voltage signal is decreased; when the output voltage becomes small, the temperature control voltage signal is increased.
  • the feedback control circuit unit is shown in FIG. 5, which is a control single-board device based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA), including a power module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a digital-to-analog conversion module, and an IV conversion and amplification.
  • the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit sends a feedback electrical signal to the UART port of the control board, and the temperature drift is known according to the received feedback electrical signal.
  • the data processing is performed by the FPGA data processing module, and the appropriate number is obtained after processing.
  • the signal and the digital signal are sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module to be converted into an analog signal.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion module is a current output type, and generates a suitable feedback driving signal through the IV conversion and amplification module, and loads the micro-heater onto the high-speed micro-ring light.
  • the switch performs temperature compensation.
  • the noise peak-to-peak value V pp is ⁇ 32mV.
  • the noise of the digital-to-analog converter V DAC is within 4mV.
  • the probe light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is input to the high-speed micro-ring optical switch chip, and is converted into a feedback electrical signal by the spectral shaping unit and the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit.
  • the micro-heater loads the voltage V, determines the temperature operating point of the micro-ring optical switch and compensates for the process tolerance, and the micro-ring optical switch is in an ideal open state, and the data receiving module receives the feedback electrical signal according to the feedback power.
  • the size of the signal changes, the data processing module performs data processing, and through the digital-to-analog conversion module and the IV conversion and amplification module, generates a suitable feedback driving signal to achieve static temperature compensation, and ensures that the micro-ring optical switch is in a stable open state.
  • the photoelectric feedback signal extraction unit removes the switch state information and extracts the information reflecting the spectral drift information due to the slow degeneration of the temperature and the micro-ring switching speed being on the order of nanoseconds.
  • the feedback electric signal is controlled by the feedback control circuit unit under the control of the feedback electric signal to generate a suitable feedback driving signal to realize dynamic temperature compensation.
  • the invention Compared with the existing static stable micro-ring working state, the invention has the following advantages: (1) The invention comprehensively considers various factors affecting the micro-ring state, and directly extracts the feedback signal from the working state of the micro-ring switch (instead of Only a single information such as temperature or carrier concentration is used as a feedback signal), which is more adaptable, and can also reduce the requirements of the manufacturing process of the micro-ring optical switch; (2) the invention utilizes a spectral shaping unit for spectral shaping, via photoelectric feedback The signal extraction unit and the feedback control circuit unit generate a feedback driving signal to realize static and dynamic stabilization of the high-speed micro-ring optical switch; (3) the switching performance of the micro-ring optical switch can be improved by the control device of the invention, in the optical switching matrix , photogate switch, digital modulation, microring nonlinearity Research and regenerative plastics have important applications.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，用以保障高速微环光开关在静态工作和动态开关状态下的稳定工作，包括高速微环光开关芯片、光谱整形单元、光电反馈信号提取单元和反馈控制电路单元，高速微环光开关芯片上设置有可控微结构元件；探测光经高速微环光开关芯片后进入光谱整形单元，光谱整形单元对输出探测光进行整形、得到反馈光信号，反馈光信号经光电反馈信号提取单元得到反馈电信号，在反馈电信号触发下，反馈控制电路单元驱动可控微结构元件，通过改变微环谐振谱实现高速微环光开关芯片工作状态的控制。本装置能够降低微环光开关对制作工艺的要求；同时实现了高速微环光开关的静态和动态稳定；并且提升微环光开关的开关性能。

Description

一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关 技术领域
本发明属于光纤通信技术领域，具体涉及一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关。
背景技术
随着信息化进程的推进，需要传递的信息量激增，如何高效、高速地传递信息成为了人们研究焦点之一。光作为目前发现的最理想的信息载体，在通信技术中扮演着重要的角色。光开关作为光网络中的基本单元，在光通信、光计算、光互连和光信息处理系统中有着重要应用。未来的光开关技术以高速、大带宽、低功耗、小尺寸为发展方向。随着光子学的发展，各种微环谐振腔结构越来越成为人们的研究热点，能够显著减小器件体积，降低器件功耗，是实现光开关单元的重要方案。然而，微环光开关受到外界温度、输入光功率、光开关注入载流子加热效应和微加热电阻引起的热串扰等诸多因素的影响。
近年来，人们提出了几种稳定微环谐振器静态工作状态的方法，一种是将微加热器或其它半导体结构与微环集成在一起，通过非实时的改变相应控制电路电压来弥补外界环境温度或工艺误差等因素的影响，这种无反馈的控制方式的缺点是该控制电路本身带来的热串扰以及光热效应难以消除；另一种是使用复合材料光学集成器件，使整个微环系统对温度不敏感，但这种复合材料的获取手段及其芯片加工工艺技术还很不完善，难以与CMOS工艺兼容、成本高昂；如何保证微环谐振器在动态开关状态下维持相应的高速交换性能更加困难。本发明着重解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足，提出了一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，保障高速微环光开关在静态工作和动态开光状态下的稳定工作。
一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于包括一高速微环光开关芯片、一光谱整形单元、一光电反馈信号提取单元和一反馈控制电路单元，其中、高速微环光开关芯片上设置有可控微结构元件，用于控制高速微环光开关 芯片；探测光输入高速微环光开关芯片后，输出探测光进入光谱整形单元，光谱整形单元对输出探测光进行整形、得到反馈光信号，反馈光信号经光电反馈信号提取单元光电转化、信号采集并处理后，提取出与频谱漂移相关的反馈电信号，反馈电信号输入反馈控制电路单元，在反馈电信号触发下，反馈控制电路单元驱动高速微环光开关芯片上的可控微结构元件，通过改变微环谐振谱实现高速微环光开关芯片工作状态的控制。
进一步的，所述高速微环光开关芯片包括微环、输入直波导、下载端输出直波导和可控微结构元件；探测光通过输入直波导注入，当探测光不满足微环的谐振波长时，直接从该直波导另一端口输出；当探测光满足微环的谐振波长时，探测光则耦合进入微环，并导向下载端输出直波导端口输出；可控微结构元件通过反馈控制电路单元驱动，通过改变微环谐振谱实现高速微环光开关芯片工作状态的控制。
所述光谱整形单元采用线性边缘滤波器，光谱整形单元接收到高速微环光开关芯片输出探测光后进行光谱整形，增强探测光的光功率变化敏感性，并将整形后探测光输出给光电反馈信号提取单元。
所述光电反馈信号提取单元包括光电探测器、数据采集卡和数字滤波器，光电探测器对反馈光信号进行光电转化后通过数据采集卡采集电信号，数字滤波器对所采集电信号进行滤波，生成反馈电信号。
所述反馈控制电路单元包括电源模块、数据接收模块、数据处理模块、数模转换模块和I-V转换与放大模块；数据接收模块接收反馈电信号后，数据处理模块进行数据处理，处理后得到相应的数字信号，数字信号发送给数模转换模块转换为模拟信号，模拟信号经由I-V转换与放大模块后生成反馈驱动信号，加载到高速微环光开关芯片上的可控微结构元件。
优选的，所述可控微结构元件为微加热器或PN结。所述探测光为微环光开关的工作波长或工作波长外的辅助光。
本发明的有益效果：本发明综合考虑了影响微环状态的多种因素，直接从微环开关工作状态入手提取反馈信号(而不是仅仅以温度或载流子浓度等单一信息作为反馈信号)，适应性更强，还可以降低微环光开关对制作工艺的要求。本发明利用光谱整形单元进行光谱整形，经由光电反馈信号提取单元和反馈控 制电路单元生成反馈驱动信号，实现了高速微环光开关的静态和动态稳定。与传统的微环稳定控制方法相比而言，本发明控制装置通过基于线性边缘滤波器的敏感增强技术检测出开关状态信息和频谱漂移引起的光功率变化，并提取出与频谱漂移信息有关的反馈电信号。
本发明是采用反馈控制机制实现微环光开关的动态稳定，其中所述的光电反馈信号提取单元和反馈控制电路单元具有智能信号处理和灵活输出功能，不仅可以在一定程度弥补工艺误差，而且保证了微环光开关在复杂因素的影响下保持工作稳定。通过这种控制方法进一步提升了微环光开关的开关性能，在光交换矩阵、光门开关、数字调制、微环非线性研究和再生整形等领域有着重要应用。
附图说明
图1是本发明带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关的原理示意图；
图2是本发明光谱整形单元对开关光谱进行光谱整形的示意图；
图3是本发明光电反馈信号提取单元的结构示意图；
图4是本发明动态开关过程中提取出的反馈电信号的示意图；
图5是本发明反馈控制电路单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述。
本发明提出的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，包括一高速微环光开关芯片、一光谱整形单元、一光电反馈信号提取单元和一反馈控制电路单元，其中、高速微环光开关芯片上设置有可控微结构元件，用于控制高速微环光开关芯片。本实施例中，高速微环光开关芯片上的可控微结构元件是微电加热器，首先通过光谱整形单元检测出开关状态信息和频谱漂移信息，经由光电反馈信号提取单元进行光电转化并提取频谱漂移信息，反馈控制电路单元根据频谱漂移信息来控制微电加热器，不仅保证了微环光开关的静态稳定，而且保证了微环光开关的动态稳定。
从原理上讲，通过微加热器可改变微环硅波导的折射率，即
Figure PCTCN2015070386-appb-000001
波长λ＝1.55μm时，
Figure PCTCN2015070386-appb-000002
式中ΔnT是硅折射率改变量，ΔT是温度变 化量。热光效应拥有较大的调谐范围，利用热光效应可以有效解决由于外界环境影响而产生的谐振峰漂移问题，现有CMOS工艺的加工精度很难实现与理想设计完全匹配，也可以通过热光效应来弥补工艺误差所导致的谐振波长漂移问题。根据微环的谐振波长公式，即mλc＝2πRneff，其中R为微环半径，λc为微环谐振波长，neff为微环中光模式的有效折射率，m为正整数。可知，通过改变材料有效折射率能够引起微环谐振波长的变化，输出检测光的光功率也会随着微环谐振波长的变化而变化。对于微环光开关不同的制作工艺结构，其初始的谐振频率有所不同。
下面以入射波长为1550nm的情形为例，具体说明本发明专利的实施过程。
图1是本发明专利公开的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关的原理示意图，包括高速微环光开关芯片、光谱整形单元、光电反馈信号提取单元和反馈控制电路单元。探测光输入微环光开关芯片，输出的探测光经过光谱整形单元生成反馈光信号，反馈光信号经过光电反馈信号提取单元进行光电转化并提取出反馈电信号，反馈电信号经由反馈控制电路单元生成合适的反馈驱动信号，加载到微加热器上进行高速微环光开关温度控制，用于改变微环谐振谱，进而控制高速微环光开关芯片的状态。这里，探测光可以为微环光开关的工作波长光，也可以是其他波长的辅助光。
这里，高速微环光开关芯片包括微环、输入直波导、下载端输出直波导和可控微结构元件；探测光通过输入直波导注入，当探测光不满足微环的谐振波长时，直接从该直波导另一端口输出；当探测光满足微环的谐振波长时，探测光则耦合进入微环，并导向下载端输出直波导端口输出。微加热器位于靠近微环的位置，用于给微环光开关加热，以调节微环光开关的开关状态，为了确保微环光开关处于稳定工作状态，需要对微环光开关的工作温度进行实时控制。
这里，光谱整形单元采用基于线性边缘滤波器的敏感增强技术对高速微环光开关芯片输出的探测光进行处理，检测出开关状态信息和频谱漂移引起的光功率变化。由于微环谐振峰的对称性，为了智能识别开关状态信息和频谱漂移信息并提高对探测光光功率变化的敏感性，需要对微环光开关的开关光谱进行整形。为了提高光谱整形单元的智能处理功能，可以从光电反馈信号提取单元中获取一个反控信号。图2是光谱整形单元对开关光谱进行光谱整形的示意图， 由图2可知，整形后的光谱对探测光的光功率变化具有高度敏感性，包括开关状态信息引起的光功率变化和频谱漂移信息引起的光功率变化。
这里，光电反馈信号提取单元，包括光电探测器、数据采集卡和数字滤波器，如图3所示；光电探测器用来进行光电转换，数据采集卡用于采集电信号，此电信号既包括开关状态信息，也包括频谱漂移信息。由于所采集的电信号存在毛刺并含有一些高频的干扰信号，而且为了将频谱漂移信息从该电信号中提取出来，因此使用了数字滤波器。这里，数字滤波器为Labview虚拟仪器，通过Labview程序对接收的电信号进行滤波并判决，将该电信号中的开关驱动信号偏置分量去除，生成仅仅反映频谱漂移信息的反馈电信号并传递给反馈控制电路单元，如图4为动态开关过程中提取出的反馈电信号的示意图。
高速微环光开关处于静态工作状态：当微环光开关处于“开”状态时，探测光波长处于谐振峰的位置，此时输出的探测光经由线性边缘滤波器、光电探测器、数据采集卡，产生电信号电压VH。由于外界温度、输入光功率、光开关注入载流子加热效应和微加热电阻引起的热串扰等因素的影响，微环光开关产生温度漂移，导致微环谐振峰左右移动，谐振峰右移时，电压VH变大，谐振峰左移时，电压VH变小；当微环光开关处于“关”状态时，探测光波长在谐振峰外侧，从微环芯片输出的探测光经过光谱整形单元和光电反馈信号提取单元产生电信号电压VL，由于上述外界温度等复杂因素影响，微环光开关产生温度漂移，导致谐振峰左右移动，谐振峰右移时，电压VL变大，谐振峰左移时，电压VL变小。上述静止状态下，该电信号VH和VL的变化即为频谱漂移信息。
微环光开关处于动态“开/关”工作状态：当微环从“开”到“关”时，电压变化量为VH-VL>0；当微环从“关”到“开”时，电压变化量为VL-VH<0。根据电压的变化量区分开关状态信息和频谱漂移信息，并通过数字滤波器去除开关状态信息引起的电压偏置量，得到反馈电信号，根据反馈电信号变大还是变小，即谐振峰左移还是右移，反馈给反馈控制电路单元产生合适的反馈驱动信号。例如，当输出电压变大时，减小温控电压信号；当输出电压变小时，增大温控电压信号。
这里，反馈控制电路单元如图5所示，它是基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的控制单板装置，包括电源模块、数据接收模块、数据处理模块、数模转换模 块和I-V转换与放大模块；光电反馈信号提取单元发送反馈电信号给控制单板的UART端口，根据接收的反馈电信号可知温度漂移情况，为了进行温度补偿，通过FPGA数据处理模块进行数据处理，处理后得到合适的数字信号，数字信号发送给数模转换模块转换为模拟信号，这里，数模转换模块为电流输出型，经由I-V转换与放大模块生成合适的反馈驱动信号，加载到微加热器上对高速微环光开关进行温度补偿。我们已实现反馈驱动信号的范围为0～10V，上升下降时间为50ns，这个主要受限于运算放大器，噪声峰峰值Vpp为±32mV，这里，数模转换器输出的噪声VDAC在4mV以内，而示波器的测试会引入13mV的误差VTEST，因此，Vpp＝A×VDAC+VTEST，其中A为放大倍数。
将波长为1550nm的探测光输入到高速微环光开关芯片，经过光谱整形单元、光电反馈信号提取单元转化为反馈电信号。在初始状态下，微加热器加载电压V，确定微环光开关的温度工作点并弥补工艺容差，且微环光开关处在理想的开状态，数据接收模块接收反馈电信号，根据反馈电信号的大小变化，数据处理模块进行数据处理，经由数模转换模块和I-V转换与放大模块，生成合适的反馈驱动信号实现静态温度补偿，保证微环光开关处在稳定的开状态。当微环光开关由“开”变为“关”时，由于温度的慢变性，且微环开关速度为纳秒量级，光电反馈信号提取单元去除开关状态信息并提取出反映频谱漂移信息的反馈电信号，在反馈电信号控制下反馈控制电路单元生成合适的反馈驱动信号，实现动态的温度补偿。通过上述描述，可知本发明提出的方法不仅保证了高速微环光开关的静态稳定，而且保证了微环光开关的动态稳定。这里，由于各个微环光开关的工艺容差不同，且温度漂移引起的折射率变化相对较大，则反馈控制电路单元需要产生高精度的反馈驱动信号。
相对现有的静态稳定微环工作状态的方法，本发明的优点在于：(1)本发明综合考虑了影响微环状态的多种因素，直接从微环开关工作状态入手提取反馈信号(而不是仅仅以温度或载流子浓度等单一信息作为反馈信号)，适应性更强，还可以降低微环光开关对制作工艺的要求；(2)该发明利用光谱整形单元进行光谱整形，经由光电反馈信号提取单元和反馈控制电路单元生成反馈驱动信号，实现了高速微环光开关的静态和动态稳定；(3)通过本发明的控制装置可提升了微环光开关的开关性能，在光交换矩阵、光门开关、数字调制、微环非线性 研究和再生整形等领域有着重要应用。
本领域的普通人员将会意识到，这里所述的实施例是为了帮助读者理解本发明的原理，应被理解为本发明的保护范围并不局限于这样的特别陈述和实施例。本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本发明公开的这些技术启示做出各种不脱离本发明实质的其它各种具体变形和组合，这些变形和组合依然在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于包括一高速微环光开关芯片、一光谱整形单元、一光电反馈信号提取单元和一反馈控制电路单元，其中、高速微环光开关芯片上设置有可控微结构元件，用于控制高速微环光开关芯片；探测光输入高速微环光开关芯片后，输出探测光进入光谱整形单元，光谱整形单元对输出探测光进行整形、得到反馈光信号，反馈光信号经光电反馈信号提取单元光电转化、信号采集并处理后，提取出与频谱漂移相关的反馈电信号，反馈电信号输入反馈控制电路单元，在反馈电信号触发下，反馈控制电路单元驱动高速微环光开关芯片上的可控微结构元件。
  2. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述高速微环光开关芯片包括微环、输入直波导、下载端输出直波导和可控微结构元件；探测光通过输入直波导注入，当探测光不满足微环的谐振波长时，直接从该直波导另一端口输出；当探测光满足微环的谐振波长时，探测光则耦合进入微环，并导向下载端输出直波导端口输出；可控微结构元件通过反馈控制电路单元驱动，通过改变微环谐振谱实现高速微环光开关芯片工作状态的控制。
  3. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述光谱整形单元采用线性边缘滤波器，光谱整形单元接收到高速微环光开关芯片输出探测光后进行光谱整形，增强探测光的光功率变化敏感性，并将整形后探测光输出给光电反馈信号提取单元。
  4. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述光电反馈信号提取单元包括光电探测器、数据采集卡和数字滤波器，光电探测器对反馈光信号进行光电转化后通过数据采集卡采集电信号，数字滤波器对所采集电信号进行滤波，生成反馈电信号。
  5. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述反馈控制电路单元包括电源模块、数据接收模块、数据处理模块、数模转换模块和I-V转换与放大模块；数据接收模块接收反馈电信号后，数据处理模块进行数据处理，处理后得到相应的数字信号，数字信号发送给数模转换模块转换为模拟信号，模拟信号经由I-V转换与放大模块后生成反馈驱动信号，加载到高速微环光开关芯片上的可控微结构元件。
  6. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述可控微结构元件为微加热器或PN结。
  7. 按权利要求1所述的带有稳定机制的高速微环光开关，其特征在于，所述探测光为微环光开关的工作波长或工作波长外的辅助光。
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