WO2016101381A1 - 一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置 - Google Patents

一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101381A1
WO2016101381A1 PCT/CN2015/071493 CN2015071493W WO2016101381A1 WO 2016101381 A1 WO2016101381 A1 WO 2016101381A1 CN 2015071493 W CN2015071493 W CN 2015071493W WO 2016101381 A1 WO2016101381 A1 WO 2016101381A1
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phase
charging device
filter circuit
contactor
electric vehicle
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French (fr)
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田新良
黄光盛
门强
罗康君
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
Broad Ocean Motor EV Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
Broad Ocean Motor EV Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to an electric vehicle fast charging device, belonging to the technical field of electric vehicle charging.
  • high-power controllers are required to drive their motors or to quickly charge their high-voltage batteries. That is, they need a motor controller and a charge controller, respectively, which contain IGBT power modules, sampling. , drive, protection, heat dissipation, control and other functional circuits.
  • the existing on-board charging controller and the motor controller are completely independent and expensive. If the motor controller can be used as a charging controller during the charging process, the cost of the electric vehicle on-board charging system can be greatly reduced, the volume can be reduced, and the high-voltage battery can be quickly charged with high power.
  • the existing electric vehicle vehicle charging adopts the charging mode of AC-DC and DC-DC two-stage conversion, which causes the charging device to have many problems such as many components, high cost, large volume, complicated control system and low reliability. If the first-stage AC-DC conversion can be used, after the three-phase alternating current is converted into direct current, the electric vehicle battery is directly charged, which simplifies the control system of the charging device, improves the reliability of the device, and reduces the device cost.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide an electric vehicle on-vehicle quick charging device, which can inherit the simple, convenient and flexible charging mode of the vehicle charging device, overcome the limitation of volume and cost, and reduce the control of the control system. Difficulty, improve reliability, increase the flexibility of electric vehicle charging, expand the adaptability and activity space of electric vehicles, and promote the development of electric vehicle industry.
  • An electric vehicle vehicle quick charging device is provided with a step-down transformer, an AC filter circuit, a motor controller, a DC filter circuit and a high-voltage battery on the electric vehicle, and the three-phase AC output of the three-phase AC power grid is isolated and stepped down by a step-down transformer.
  • the filter is filtered by the AC filter circuit
  • the motor controller converts the three-phase AC power after the conversion into AC power by DC-DC conversion, and the DC power is filtered by DC.
  • the high voltage battery is quickly charged after the circuit is filtered.
  • the above-mentioned isolation step-down refers to a step-down transformer that steps down a three-phase alternating current output from a 380V three-phase AC power grid to a three-phase alternating current of 280V or less.
  • the motor controller described above comprises a microprocessor unit, a driving circuit unit and an IGBT module.
  • the microprocessor unit outputs a PWM signal to the driving circuit unit, and the driving circuit unit controls the IGBT module to perform AC-charging of the three-phase alternating current after filtering. DC conversion.
  • the AC filter circuit described above employs a three-phase LC or LCL type filter.
  • the DC filter circuit described above employs a single-phase CLC type filter.
  • the three-phase AC grid and the step-down transformer described above are connected together by a charging gun.
  • the charging gun described above is provided with a three-phase power line, a neutral line, a ground line, a control guide line, and a CAN communication line.
  • a fuse is disposed between the three-phase AC power grid and the step-down transformer described above.
  • the AC filter circuit described above and the motor controller are connected together by a contactor 2, and the three-phase coil winding of the electric vehicle drive motor is connected between the contactor 2 and the motor controller through the contactor.
  • the contactor 3 is connected in parallel at both ends of the contactor 2, and the contactor 3 is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor.
  • the contactor 4 is connected in parallel at both ends of the DC filter circuit, and the output end of the DC filter circuit is connected to the high voltage battery through the contactor 5.
  • the fast charging device utilizes a motor controller integrated in the electric vehicle as a charging controller, and the step-down transformer as an input portion of the charging device can inherit the simple, convenient and flexible charging mode of the in-vehicle charging device, and can overcome the same.
  • the step-down transformer is used to reduce the 380V voltage level of the power grid to a three-phase AC voltage level of 280V or less, and further refers to a three-phase AC voltage level in which the step-down transformer reduces the 380V voltage level of the power grid to 150V or less.
  • the AC-DC converter of the motor controller is actually a BOOST boost circuit, 380VAC three-phase input, the minimum voltage that can be output after being converted into DC by the motor controller is 540VDC. At present, the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery of the universal electric passenger car is allowed to be around 200V.
  • the three-phase AC power is controlled by the motor.
  • the minimum voltage that can be output by converting the device to DC power will be higher than the lowest rated voltage allowed by the high voltage battery, resulting in the charging device not being able to charge the high voltage battery.
  • the minimum DC voltage that can be output by the three-phase AC power after the AC-DC conversion of the motor controller is not higher than the minimum rated voltage allowed by the high-voltage battery. a value to ensure that the charging device is capable of charging the high voltage battery within the allowable full voltage range;
  • the AC filter circuit is a three-phase filter whose topology is LC or LCL type filter.
  • the LCL filter has better high-frequency ripple filtering performance than the single-inductor L-type filter at the same inductance, which can reduce the cost and volume while ensuring the filtering performance. Since the three-phase transformer itself has a leakage inductance, it is equivalent to a small value inductor, which can replace the grid side inductance of the LCL filter. Therefore, in order to simplify the topology, an LC type filter is generally used.
  • the LC or LCL type filter has a three-phase shunt capacitor bank.
  • the charging circuit When the charging device starts, stops or the grid fails, the charging circuit has a sudden change in current, and the capacitor bank can buffer the abrupt current to ensure the safety performance of the device.
  • the AC filter circuit designed by the utility model has better high-frequency ripple filtering performance and safety reliability than the single-inductance L filter circuit, and can reduce volume and save cost;
  • the DC filter circuit is a single-phase filter whose topology is a CLC type filter.
  • the capacitor on the motor controller side is mainly used to filter out the high frequency ripple generated by the switch tube of the motor controller; the capacitor on the high voltage battery side is mainly used to filter out low frequency ripple and energy storage; the inductor is mainly used for flat wave and reduce charging current. Ripple.
  • the national standard has strict regulations on the output ripple current of the charging device, and it needs to be guaranteed within 1%.
  • the DC filter circuit designed by the utility model is designed to meet the standard, so that the high-voltage battery has reduced heat generation, extended life, and overall performance. More superior, promote the development of the electric vehicle industry.
  • the motor controller Since the motor controller performs PWM When rectifying converts AC power into DC power, the DC side outputs a high-frequency pulse current equal to the switching frequency of the IGBT module. If only a simple capacitor C is used for filtering, the charging current output by the charging device will contain a large amount of ripple current, so that the high voltage The battery is severely heated, its life is shortened, and even it is overheated and burned;
  • the charging power is large, and the charging current can reach the current level of the driving motor.
  • the motor controller integrates the motor driving and charging functions, and the motor controller is used as a charging controller, and basically does not need to add extra cost or volume;
  • the motor controller converts the three-phase AC after filtering into AC power by AC-DC conversion, which not only can quickly charge the high-voltage battery, but also can perform power factor correction and harmonic compensation on the input side of the grid, so that the fast charging device does not It will cause interference to the power grid and ensure the power quality of the grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure and principle of an electric vehicle on-board rapid charging device in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed topology diagram of a fast charging device in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of a fast charging device during startup, charging, and stopping;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of DC side output current, capacitor voltage, and battery voltage of a fast charging device.
  • the embodiment is a vehicle-mounted rapid charging device for an electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle is provided with a step-down transformer, an AC filter circuit, a motor controller, a DC filter circuit, and a high-voltage battery.
  • the three-phase AC output of the power grid is isolated and stepped down by the step-down transformer, and then filtered by the AC filter circuit.
  • the motor controller converts the three-phase AC power after the conversion into AC power by DC-DC conversion, and the DC power is filtered by the DC filter circuit.
  • the battery is quickly charged.
  • a charging pile interface 1 is arranged at the output end of the three-phase AC power grid, and a charging pile interface 2 is arranged at the input end of the step-down transformer.
  • the charging gun is provided with a three-phase power line, a neutral line, a ground line, a control guide line, and a CAN communication line.
  • the three-phase AC output of the 380V three-phase AC grid is isolated and stepped down to a three-phase AC of 150V or less by a step-down transformer, and then filtered by an AC filter circuit, using the motor controller as a controller of the charging device, the microprocessor unit outputs a PWM signal to the driving circuit unit, and the driving circuit unit controls the IGBT module to perform AC-DC conversion on the filtered three-phase alternating current, and convert the filtered three-phase alternating current into direct current,
  • the DC power is rapidly charged by the DC filter circuit to quickly charge the high voltage battery;
  • the detecting circuit detects the motor operating parameter and sends it to the microprocessor unit.
  • the microprocessor unit outputs a control signal to the driving circuit unit, and the driving circuit unit controls the IGBT module to convert the DC power stored on the high voltage battery into three.
  • the phase AC output provides power to the drive motor to drive the motor to rotate.
  • the output end of the three-phase AC power grid needs to be connected to the step-down transformer T through the fuse QF1, and the fast charging device in the overcurrent or overhaul process, the three-phase AC grid and the fast charging through the fuse QF1
  • the transformer must use a step-down transformer to ensure that the lowest voltage of the three-phase AC must be lower than the initial voltage of the high-voltage battery after the AC filter current is rectified under the maximum allowable voltage input condition, otherwise the high-voltage battery cannot be charged.
  • the AC filter circuit uses an LC filter, including an inductor L1 and capacitors C21, C22, and C23, to filter the high-frequency ripple generated by the IGBT module to ensure power quality of the grid.
  • the AC filter current is connected to the motor controller via the contactor KM2.
  • the contactor KM2 is used to isolate the three-phase AC grid, the drive motor and the motor controller.
  • the three-phase coil winding of the electric vehicle drive motor M is connected between the contactor KM2 and the motor controller through the contactor KM1 to ensure that the drive motor is isolated from the three-phase AC grid during the charging process.
  • a contactor three KM3 is connected in parallel at both ends of the contactor KM2, the contactor three KM3 is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor, and the contactor three KM3 is used to turn on the pre-charging resistors R1, R2 and R3, when the DC side capacitor voltage is over When low, pre-charge it to prevent excessive current flow.
  • the contactor four KM4 is connected in parallel at both ends of the DC filter circuit, and the contactor four KM4 is used to bypass the DC filter circuit.
  • the contactor KM4 In the charging state, the contactor KM4 is in the off state, and the contactor four KM4 is in the closed state in the motor driving state.
  • the output of the DC filter circuit is connected to the high-voltage battery through the contactor KM5.
  • the motor controller, DC filter circuit and high-voltage battery are completely isolated by the contactor KM55 to ensure the safety of the system.
  • the current sensors CT1, CT2, CT3 are used to detect the AC side three-phase input and output current
  • the current sensor CT4 is used to detect the DC side input and output currents
  • the current signals detected by the current sensor are input to the microprocessor for processing.
  • the DC side voltage detection and the grid three-phase voltage detection are not shown here, but it is known that the DC side voltage detection and the grid three-phase voltage detection are detected by a non-isolated differential circuit.
  • C1 and C2 are thin film capacitors for filtering high frequency ripple; C3 and C4 are electrolytic capacitors for flat wave energy storage; L DC is DC side filter inductor; R5-R8 is voltage equalization resistance.
  • the contactor KM1, the contactor three KM3, the contactor four KM4 are disconnected, the contactor two KM2, the contactor five KM5 is closed, and the three-phase AC power grid output 380VAC three-phase alternating current is stepped down and filtered.
  • the direct current is filtered by the DC filter circuit, and the high voltage battery is quickly charged;
  • the contactor KM2 In the motor driving state, the contactor KM2, the contactor three KM3 are disconnected, the contactor KM1, the contactor four KM4, the contactor five KM5 are closed, the DC filter circuit is bypassed, and the high voltage battery stores the DC current through the contactor five.
  • KM5 and contactor four KM4 are converted into three-phase alternating current by IGBT module. The three-phase alternating current is supplied to the motor through the contactor KM1, and the motor is driven to run.
  • the motor controller PWM rectification control is adopted.
  • the sinusoidal input current of the AC side is better, the phase and the three-phase voltage are basically the same, the current ripple is relatively small, and the harmonic content is relatively low.
  • the power factor is relatively high.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，在电动汽车上设置有降压变压器、交流滤波电路、电机控制器、直流滤波电路和高压电池，三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器隔离降压之后再通过交流滤波电路进行滤波，电机控制器对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换转换成直流电，直流电经过直流滤波电路滤波之后对高压电池进行快速充电，该快速充电装置既能够继承车载充电装置简单、方便、灵活的充电模式，又能够克服其体积、成本的限制，并且降低控制系统控制难度，提高可靠性，增加电动汽车充电的灵活。

Description

一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置 技术领域：
本实用新型涉及一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，属于电动车充电技术领域。
背景技术：
对于电动汽车，要实现对其电机的驱动或者对其高压电池的进行快速充电都需要大功率级别的控制器，即分别需要电机控制器和充电控制器，该控制器都包含IGBT功率模块、采样、驱动、保护、散热、控制等功能电路。现有的车载充电控制器与电机控制器是完全独立开来，价格昂贵。如果能够利用电机控制器在充电过程充当充电控制器，就会使电动汽车车载充电系统的成本大大降低、体积减小，并可以实现大功率地对高压电池进行快速充电。
现有电动汽车车载充电都采用AC-DC、DC-DC两级变换的充电模式，导致充电装置存在元器件较多、成本高、体积大、控制系统复杂、可靠性降低等诸多问题。如果能够采用一级AC-DC变换，将三相交流电转换为直流电后，直接对电动车电池进行充电，将简化充电装置的控制系统，提高装置的可靠性，降低装置成本。
发明内容：
本实用新型的目的是提供一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，该快速充电装置既能够继承车载充电装置简单、方便、灵活的充电模式，又能够克服其体积、成本的限制，并且降低控制系统控制难度，提高可靠性，增加电动汽车充电的灵活性，扩大电动汽车的适应性与活动空间，促进电动汽车产业的发展。
本实用新型的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的。
一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，在电动汽车上设置有降压变压器、交流滤波电路、电机控制器、直流滤波电路和高压电池，三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器隔离降压之后再通过交流滤波电路进行滤波，电机控制器对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换转换成直流电，直流电经过直流滤波 电路滤波之后对高压电池进行快速充电。
上述所述的隔离降压是指降压变压器将380V三相交流电网输出的三相交流电降压成280V或以下的三相交流电。
上述所述的电机控制器包括微处理器单元、驱动电路单元和IGBT模块，微处理器单元输出PWM信号到驱动电路单元，驱动电路单元控制IGBT模块，以便对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换。
上述所述的交流滤波电路采用三相LC或LCL型滤波器。
上述所述的直流滤波电路采用单相CLC型滤波器。
上述所述的三相交流电网与降压变压器之间通过充电枪连接在一起。
上述所述的充电枪中设置有三相电源线、中性线、地线、控制导引线和CAN通讯线。
上述所述的三相交流电网与降压变压器之间设置有熔断器。
上述所述的交流滤波电路与电机控制器之间通过接触器二连接在一起，电动汽车驱动电机的三相线圈绕组通过接触器一连接在接触器二与电机控制器之间。
上述所述的在接触器二两端并联连接有接触器三，接触器三与预充电电阻串联在一起。
上述所述的在直流滤波电路两端并联有接触器四，直流滤波电路的输出端通过接触器五与高压电池连接在一起。
本实用新型与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)该快速充电装置利用集成在电动汽车上的电机控制器作为充电控制器，降压变压器作为充电装置的输入部分，既能够继承车载充电装置简单、方便、灵活的充电模式，又能够克服其体积、成本的限制，并且降低控制系统控制难度，提高可靠性，增加电动汽车充电的灵活性，扩大电动汽车的适应性与活动空间，促进电动汽车产业的发展，由于降压变压器体积、重量的限制，该快速充电装置方案只适用于30KW以下功率等级的电动汽车；
2)降压变压器用来将电网380V电压等级降为280V或以下的三相交流电压等级，进一步的是指降压变压器将电网380V电压等级降为150V或以下的三相交流电压等级。电机控制器的AC-DC变换实际上是一个BOOST升压电路，380VAC三相输入，经电机控制器转换成直流后所能输出的最低电压为540VDC。目前，通用电动乘用车高压电池额定电压允许最低值为200V左右，如果不对三相交流电网输出的三相交流电进行降压，当高压电池电压处于额定允许最低值时，三相交流电经电机控制器转换成直流电所能输出的最低电压将高于高压电池所允许的最低额定电压值，从而导致充电装置无法为高压电池充电。三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器降压后，保证三相交流电经电机控制器的AC-DC变换后，所能输出的最低直流电压不高于高压电池所允许的最低额定电压值，从而保证充电装置能够在允许的全电压范围内对高压电池进行充电；
3)交流滤波电路为三相滤波器，其拓扑为LC或LCL型滤波器。LCL滤波器在相同电感量下比单电感L型滤波器有更好的高频纹波滤波性能，可以在保证滤波性能的情况下减少成本体积。由于降压变压器三相本身存在漏感，等效为一个小值电感，可以替代LCL滤波器电网侧电感。因此，为简化拓扑，一般都采用LC型滤波器。LC或LCL型滤波器存在三相并联电容器组，当充电装置启动、停机或电网故障时，充电回路出现电流突变，电容器组能够对突变电流进行缓冲，保证装置的安全性能。本实用新型所设计的交流滤波电路相对采用单电感L的滤波电路有更好的高频纹波滤波性能及安全可靠性，并能够减小体积、节约成本；
4)直流滤波电路为单相滤波器，其拓扑为CLC型滤波器。电机控制器侧的电容主要用来滤除电机控制器开关管所产生的高频纹波；高压电池侧的电容主要用来滤除低频纹波及储能；电感主要用来平波，减少充电电流纹波。国标对充电装置的输出纹波电流做了严格的规定，需要保证在1％以内，本实用新型所设计的直流滤波电路就是为满足该标准而设计，使高压电池发热减少，寿命延长，整体性能更优越，促进电动汽车产业的发展。由于电机控制器进行PWM 整流将交流电转化为直流电时，直流侧输出与IGBT模块开关频率相等的高频脉冲电流，如果只采用简单的电容器C进行滤波，充电装置所输出的充电电流将包含大量的纹波电流，使高压电池发热严重，寿命减短，甚至过热烧毁；
5)利用电动汽车上原有的电机控制器进行快速充电，充电功率大，充电电流可以达到驱动电机的电流等级。所述的电机控制器集电机驱动、充电功能于一体，电机控制器用来做充电控制器，基本不需要增加额外成本或者体积；
6)电机控制器对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换转换成直流电，不但可以实现对高压电池快速充电，并且可以在电网输入侧进行功率因数校正及谐波补偿，使快充装置不会对电网产生干扰，保证电网电能质量。
附图说明：
图1是实施例中电动汽车车载快速充电装置的结构及原理框图；
图2是实施例中快速充电装置的具体拓扑图；
图3是快速充电装置启动、充电、停止过程交流侧三相电压、电流示意图；
图4是快速充电装置直流侧输出电流、电容电压、电池电压示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细的描述。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例是一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，在电动汽车上设置有降压变压器、交流滤波电路、电机控制器、直流滤波电路和高压电池，三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器隔离降压之后再通过交流滤波电路进行滤波，电机控制器对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换转换成直流电，直流电经过直流滤波电路滤波之后对高压电池进行快速充电。在三相交流电网的输出端设置有充电桩接口一，在降压变压器的输入端设置有充电桩接口二，充电状态下，充电桩接口一与充电桩接口二之间通过充电枪连接在一起。充电枪中设置有三相电源线、中性线、地线、控制导引线和CAN通讯线。
在充电状态下，380V三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器隔离降压成150V或以下的三相交流电，再经交流滤波电路滤波，利用电机控制器作为 充电装置的控制器，微处理器单元输出PWM信号到驱动电路单元，驱动电路单元控制IGBT模块，以便对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换，将滤波之后的三相交流电转换为直流，直流电经过直流滤波电路滤波之后对高压电池进行快速充电；
在电机驱动状态下，检测电路检测电机运行参数并送到微处理器单元，微处理器单元输出控制信号到驱动电路单元，驱动电路单元控制IGBT模块，以便将高压电池上储存的直流电转换成三相交流电输出，为驱动电机提供电能，驱动电机转动。
在实际的快速充电装置中，三相交流电网的输出端需要通过熔断器QF1连接到降压变压器T，快速充电装置在过流或者检修过程中，通过熔断器QF1把三相交流电网与快速充电装置断开。变压器必须采用降压变压器，保证在允许的最高电压输入条件下，经交流滤波电流整流后三相交流电的最低电压一定要低于高压电池初始电压，否则无法为高压电池充电。交流滤波电路在本实施例中采用LC滤波器，包括电感L1和电容C21、C22、C23，将IGBT模块产生的高频纹波进行滤波，保证电网电能质量。
交流滤波电流与电机控制器之间通过接触器二KM2连接在一起，接触器二KM2用来将三相交流电网、驱动电机以及电机控制器之间隔离开。电动汽车驱动电机M的三相线圈绕组通过接触器一KM1连接在接触器二KM2与电机控制器之间，确保在充电过程中把驱动电机与三相交流电网隔离开。在接触器二KM2两端并联连接有接触器三KM3，接触器三KM3与预充电电阻串联在一起，接触器三KM3用来接通预充电电阻R1、R2和R3，当直流侧电容电压过低时，对其进行预充电，防止瞬间电流过大。在直流滤波电路两端并联有接触器四KM4，接触器四KM4用来旁路直流滤波电路，充电状态下接触器四KM4处于断开状态，电机驱动状态下接触器四KM4处于闭合状态。直流滤波电路的输出端通过接触器五KM5与高压电池连接在一起，在紧急状态下，通过接触器五KM5把电机控制器、直流滤波电路和高压电池完全隔离，确保系统安全。
电流传感器CT1、CT2、CT3用来检测交流侧三相输入、输出电流，电流传感器CT4用来检测直流侧输入、输出电流，电流传感器检测到的电流信号均会输入到微处理器进行处理。直流侧电压检测以及电网三相电压检测在此没有表示，但是可知直流侧电压检测以及电网三相电压检测都是采用非隔离的差分电路进行检测的。
在直流滤波电路中，C1、C2为薄膜电容，用来滤除高频纹波；C3、C4为电解电容，用来平波储能；LDC为直流侧滤波电感；R5-R8为均压电阻。
在充电状态下，接触器一KM1、接触器三KM3、接触器四KM4断开，接触器二KM2、接触器五KM5闭合，三相交流电网输出的380VAC三相交流电经降压、滤波后，经IGBT模块转换成直流电，直流电经直流滤波电路滤波后，对高压电池进行快速充电；
在电机驱动状态下，接触器二KM2、接触器三KM3断开，接触器一KM1、接触器四KM4、接触器五KM5闭合，直流滤波电路被旁路，高压电池储存的直流电经接触器五KM5、接触器四KM4，通过IGBT模块转换成三相交流电，三相交流电再经接触器一KM1后供给电机，驱动电机运转。
对于快速充电装置启动、停止、故障处理等过程不一一详细介绍，都通过控制接触器的通断对主电路的状态进行转换。
由图3可见，采用电机控制器PWM整流控制，电机控制器工作时，交流侧输入电流的正弦度比较好，相位与三相电压基本保持一致，电流纹波比较小，谐波含量比较低、功率因素比较高。
由图4可见，直流滤波电路采用CLC滤波后，充电电流有些波动，但整体比较平滑，没有高频纹波出现。直流滤波电路中的电容电压充电时随着电流的波动有2V左右的上下波动，整体平稳，效果比较理想。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：在电动汽车上设置有降压变压器、交流滤波电路、电机控制器、直流滤波电路和高压电池，三相交流电网输出的三相交流电经降压变压器隔离降压之后再通过交流滤波电路进行滤波，电机控制器对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换转换成直流电，直流电经过直流滤波电路滤波之后对高压电池进行快速充电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：上述的隔离降压是指降压变压器将380V三相交流电网输出的三相交流电降压成280V或以下的三相交流电。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：所述的电机控制器包括微处理器单元、驱动电路单元和IGBT模块，微处理器单元输出PWM信号到驱动电路单元，驱动电路单元控制IGBT模块，以便对滤波之后的三相交流电进行AC-DC变换。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：所述的交流滤波电路采用三相LC或LCL型滤波器。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：所述的直流滤波电路采用单相CLC型滤波器。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：三相交流电网与降压变压器之间通过充电枪连接在一起。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：充电枪中设置有三相电源线、中性线、地线、控制导引线和CAN通讯线。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：三相交流电网与降压变压器之间设置有熔断器。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：交流滤波电路与电机控制器之间通过接触器二连接在一起，电动汽车驱动电机的三相线圈绕组通过接触器一连接在接触器二与电机控制器之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：在接触器二两端并联连接有接触器三，接触器三与预充电电阻串联在一起。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电动汽车车载快速充电装置，其特征在于：在直流滤波电路两端并联有接触器四，直流滤波电路的输出端通过接触器五与高压电池连接在一起。
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