WO2016099329A1 - Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media - Google Patents
Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016099329A1 WO2016099329A1 PCT/RU2015/000789 RU2015000789W WO2016099329A1 WO 2016099329 A1 WO2016099329 A1 WO 2016099329A1 RU 2015000789 W RU2015000789 W RU 2015000789W WO 2016099329 A1 WO2016099329 A1 WO 2016099329A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- sensing element
- selective membrane
- sensor
- reference electrode
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
- G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/40—Semi-permeable membranes or partitions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4077—Means for protecting the electrolyte or the electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—Specially adapted to detect a particular component for H2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4078—Means for sealing the sensor element in a housing
Definitions
- the device relates to measuring equipment and can be used in energy, metallurgy, chemical industry to determine the concentration of hydrogen in liquid and gas environments in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
- the sensor includes a housing hermetically connected by metal with a solid electrolyte oxygen sensor.
- the solid electrolyte oxygen sensor consists of a ceramic insulator closed at the bottom with a plug of solid electrolyte, a porous platinum electrode deposited on the outside of the plug, and a liquid metal oxide
- thermocouple-current lead mounted in a lid that covers the ceramic insulator from above.
- a selective membrane made in the form of a corrugated glass is welded to the lower part of the body.
- a disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low tightness of the internal cavity of the ceramic sensing element, which arises due to oxygen leaks through the gap between the central core and the potential pickup sheath, which leads to oxidation of the reference electrode and a decrease in the resource and reliability of the device as a whole. 5
- the electrochemical sensor of hydrogen concentration in liquids and gases is known (Dmitriev I.G., Orlov V.L., Shmatko B.A. Electrochemical sensor of hydrogen in liquids and gases // Collection of abstracts of the Intersectoral Conference “Thermophysics-91.” Obninsk , 1993. S.134-136).
- the sensor includes an electrochemical oxygen cell based on a solid electrolyte from stabilized zirconia, a liquid metal reference electrode from a Bi + Bi203 mixture, and a platinum measuring electrode, which is placed in a sealed chamber filled with water vapor.
- the hydrogen sensor includes a selective membrane, porous insulating ceramics and a housing inside which there is a potential pickup, a ceramic sensing element made of solid electrolyte, in the cavity of which a reference electrode is placed, a porous platinum electrode deposited on the outer surface of the ceramic 5 of the sensing element, silica cloth and connecting material, a cork having a hole and overlapping the cross section of the cavity of the ceramic sensing element, a hermetic lead located hermetically inside the housing above the ceramic sensing element, a potential stripper in the form of a two-sheathed cable passing through the central opening of the hermetic lead, a cylindrical sleeve.
- the housing cavity between the pressure seal and the ceramic sensing element is sealed.
- the ceramic sensing element is made in the form of a cylindrical element conjugated with each other and part of a sphere located in
- the upper part of the outer cylindrical surface of the ceramic sensing element is hermetically connected to the inner side surface of the housing by means of a connecting material.
- the reference electrode is located in the cavity formed by the inner surface of the ceramic
- the ceramic sensing element occupies at least part of it.
- the outer spherical part of the ceramic sensing element is coated with a layer of a porous platinum electrode.
- the end of the central core of the potential pickup, facing the ceramic sensing element, is brought out through the hole in the plug
- a sleeve made in the form of a tube is connected to the lower part of the housing from the side of the protruding part of the ceramic sensing element.
- the lower end of the sleeve has a bottom with a Central hole, to which is attached a selective membrane made of at least one tube.
- the lower free end of the selective membrane is sealed with a plug.
- the cavity bounded by the inner surface of the sleeve, connecting the material external to the outside of the housing part of the ceramic sensing element and the inner surface of the selective membrane is sealed.
- Porous insulating ceramic is made in the form of a cylinder and placed with an annular gap with respect to the inner surface of the selective membrane.
- a disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low tightness (deficiency 1) of the internal cavity of the ceramic sensing element, which can lead to leakage of the internal oxygen cavity through the gap between the central core and the shell of the potential pickup, and ultimately to the oxidation of the reference electrode and lower resource and reliability of the device as a whole . Also, due to the lack of reliable sealing of the upper part of the potential pickup (drawback 2), moisture can enter the insulation of the double-sheathed cable, which leads to a decrease in the resistance of the central core and cable sheath and, as a result, loss of the useful signal and distortion of the sensor readings.
- the objective of the invention is to increase the stability and reliability of the readings of the hydrogen sensor, as well as the resource and reliability of its operation in a wide range of parameters of the working environment.
- the technical result consists in increasing the accuracy of the readings of the hydrogen sensor by ensuring the tightness of the internal cavity of the ceramic sensing element and increasing the electrical resistance between the central core and the potential pickup sheath as a result of ensuring reliable sealing 5 of the upper part of the potential pickup, as well as in the exclusion of oxidation of the reference electrode of the sensor.
- a sensor design includes a selective membrane and a housing, inside of which there is a potential pickup, a ceramic sensitive element made of solid electrolyte.
- a reference electrode a porous platinum electrode deposited on the outer surface of the ceramic sensor, is placed in the cavity of the ceramic sensor.
- the Germanovod is located hermetically inside the housing above the ceramic sensing element.
- a potential stripper passes through the central hole
- the ceramic sensing element being made in the form of a cylindrical element and a bottom located adjacent to each other, located at the bottom of the cylindrical element.
- the outer cylindrical surface of the ceramic sensing element is hermetically connected to the inner side
- the reference electrode is located in the inner cavity of the ceramic sensing element.
- the outer part of the bottom of the ceramic sensing element is coated with a layer of a porous platinum electrode.
- the end of the central core of the potential stripper is brought into the volume of the reference electrode, while the electric
- the lower sleeve is made in the form of a tube and is connected to the lower part of the casing from the side of the ceramic sensing element.
- the lower end of the lower sleeve has a bottom with a central hole to which a selective membrane made of at least one tube is attached.
- the lower free end of the selective the membrane is hermetically sealed with a plug, and the cavity bounded by the inner surface of the lower sleeve, the outer part of the bottom of the ceramic sensor and the inner surfaces of the selective membrane and plug made airtight.
- the sealant is a ceramic composed of silicon oxide (Si0 2 ) - 45 + 55 wt.%, Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) - 4 + 6 wt.%, Boron oxide ( ⁇ 2 0 3 ) - 18 + 22 wt.
- the sealant fills the annular cavity between the inner surface of the wall of the upper sleeve and the outer surface of the potential stripper
- the upper sleeve is made of stainless steel.
- the selective membrane of the hydrogen sensor is made of at least one tube.
- the true values of the EMF of the sensor are associated with the EMF indicated by the secondary device, as follows
- Ro is the internal electrical resistance of the sensor (ceramic sensing element);
- R u the electrical resistance of the external circuit, including the internal resistance of the secondary device and the resistance of the Central core - the sheath of the cable potential.
- the invention is illustrated by the figure, which shows a longitudinal axial section of the sensor, General view.
- the hydrogen sensor includes a selective membrane 1 and housing 2. Inside the housing 2 is a potential pickup 3, a ceramic sensing element 4 made of solid electrolyte. A reference electrode 5, a porous platinum electrode 6, deposited on the outer surface of the ceramic sensing element 4 is placed in the cavity of the sensing element.
- the German input 7 is located hermetically inside the housing 2 above the ceramic sensing element 4.
- the sensor contains an upper 8 and lower 9 bushings, a sealant 10, a central core potential stripper 1 1 and plug 12.
- the sealant 10 fills the annular cavity between the inner surface of the wall of the upper sleeve 8 and the outer surface of the central core of the potential stripper 11.
- the potential stripper 3 passes through the central opening of the pressure seal 7.
- Ceramic sensing element 4 is located in the lower part of the sensor and is made in the form of a cylindrical bottom portion conjugated to each other.
- the outer cylindrical surface of the ceramic sensing element 4 is hermetically connected to the inner side surface of the housing 2. 5
- the reference electrode 5 is located in the inner cavity of the ceramic sensing element 4.
- the outer part of the bottom of the ceramic sensing element 4 is covered with a layer of porous platinum electrode 6.
- the end of the central core of the potential pickup 3 is brought into the volume of the reference electrode 5.
- An electrical contact is provided between the reference electrode 5 and the lower part of the central core 1 1 of the potential pickup 1 1.
- the lower sleeve 9, made in the form of a tube, is connected to the lower part of the housing 2 from the side of the ceramic sensing element 4. 15
- the lower end of the lower sleeve 9 has a bottom with a central hole to which a selective membrane 1 made of at least one tube is attached .
- the lower free end of the selective membrane 1 is hermetically sealed with a plug 12.
- Sealant 10 is a ceramic composed of silicon oxide
- the sealant is necessary to prevent oxygen from entering the internal cavity of the sensor and to change the properties of the reference z-electrode 5.
- the specified composition of the sealant was determined during research and provides greater resistance to adverse operating conditions in aggressive environments at elevated temperatures, which means that the sensor is sealed for more long term 5 operation and the risks of depressurization and deterioration of error in readings are reduced.
- the upper sleeve 8 is made of stainless steel.
- the materials of the upper sleeve 8 and potential stripper 3 have the same coefficient of thermal expansion, which allows maintaining the functionality of the hydrogen sensor when the ambient temperature changes in the temperature range 0-300 ° C.
- the lower sleeve 9 and the plug 12 are made of Nickel brand NPO.
- Germovvod 7 and the upper sleeve 8 are made of steel 12X18H10T.
- the ceramic sensing element 4 is made of partially stabilized zirconia and extends beyond the body 2 to a distance of 6 mm.
- Case 2 is made of ferritic-martensitic steel EI-852 and has the following dimensions: diameter - 15 mm, length - 220 mm.
- the porous platinum electrode 6 has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- a double-sheathed cable of the KNMS 2 C type is used as a potential pickup 3.
- Selective membrane 1 consists of one tube made of nickel grade NMg0.08v. Dimensions of the selective membrane 1: diameter - 6 mm; 25 length - 40 mm, wall thickness - 0.15 mm.
- the reference electrode 5 is made of a mixture of bismuth and bismuth oxide.
- the ratio of the area of the inner side surface of the selective membrane 1 to its internal free volume is 0.4 mm "1 .
- a protective film of Pd is chemically stable in an oxidizing medium.
- the principle of operation of a hydrogen sensor is based on the use of an electrochemical method for determining oxygen concentration using an oxygen sensor based on a solid oxide electrolyte. 5
- the hydrogen sensor operates as follows.
- the hydrogen contained in it through the selective membrane 1, reversibly diffuses into the steam-hydrogen chamber (a cavity bounded by the inner surface of the lower sleeve 9, the outer part outside the housing 6 of the ceramic sensor element 4 and the inner surface of the selective membrane 1) by changing the emf of the sensor.
- the emf of the sensor arises due to the difference in the partial pressures of oxygen on the electrodes of the galvanic concentration element, the circuit of which can be represented as:
- the steam-hydrogen chamber has a fixed partial pressure of water vapor and functions as a converter of the thermodynamic potential of hydrogen to the oxidation potential of the steam-hydrogen mixture on a 20 porous platinum electrode 6.
- the resulting EMF is a function of hydrogen pressure and is written as follows: where: T - temperature, K; R is the universal gas constant, 25 J / (mol K); F is the Faraday number, J / mol; n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction; ⁇ ⁇ 0 — partial pressure of water vapor in the hydrogen-vapor chamber, Pa; P Ng is the partial pressure of hydrogen in the test medium, Pa.
- the output of the electrical signal for supplying it to the secondary hardware is provided by a potential pickup 3.
- a change in the concentration of hydrogen in the controlled medium leads to a change in the magnitude of the electrical signal, which allows for continuous removal and processing.
- the inertia of the sensor is associated with the permeability of hydrogen through the selective membrane 1 and can be estimated using the time delay of the signal:
- T m - sd where d is the thickness of the selective membrane 1, m; D is the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the material of the selective membrane 1, m / s, S is the surface area of the selective membrane 1, m 2 and the F-internal volume of the selective membrane 1, m 3. Industrial applicability.
- the sensor can be manufactured on an industrial scale and does not require special equipment for its production.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017532114A JP6921746B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Hydrogen detector for gas-liquid two-phase state medium |
CA2971131A CA2971131A1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Hydrogen detector for gas and fluid media |
EP15870437.9A EP3236249B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media |
UAA201707420A UA121488C2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media |
KR1020177019580A KR102199059B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Hydrogen detector for gas and fluid media |
MYPI2017702211A MY196623A (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Hydrogen Detector for Gas and Fluid Media |
EA201650105A EA032158B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media |
CN201580076080.1A CN107209148A (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | The hydrogen detector of medium for gases and liquids |
US15/536,218 US10962502B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Hydrogen detector for gas and fluid media |
BR112017013044-0A BR112017013044B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | hydrogen detector for gaseous and fluid media |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2014150468 | 2014-12-15 | ||
RU2014150468/28A RU2574423C1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | Hydrogen sensor in liquid and gas media |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016099329A1 true WO2016099329A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2015/000789 WO2016099329A1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-11-16 | Sensor for sensing hydrogen in liquid and gaseous media |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10962502B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3236249B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6921746B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102199059B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107209148A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112017013044B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2971131A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA032158B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY196623A (en) |
UA (1) | UA121488C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016099329A1 (en) |
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2015
- 2015-11-16 JP JP2017532114A patent/JP6921746B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-16 EP EP15870437.9A patent/EP3236249B1/en active Active
- 2015-11-16 WO PCT/RU2015/000789 patent/WO2016099329A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-11-16 CA CA2971131A patent/CA2971131A1/en active Pending
- 2015-11-16 UA UAA201707420A patent/UA121488C2/en unknown
- 2015-11-16 BR BR112017013044-0A patent/BR112017013044B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-11-16 CN CN201580076080.1A patent/CN107209148A/en active Pending
- 2015-11-16 EA EA201650105A patent/EA032158B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-11-16 MY MYPI2017702211A patent/MY196623A/en unknown
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RU2533931C1 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-11-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации-Физико-энергетический институт имени А.И. Лейпунского" | Solid electrolyte transducer of hydrogen concentration in gases |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2018501481A (en) | 2018-01-18 |
JP6921746B2 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
BR112017013044A2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
UA121488C2 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
KR102199059B1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
US10962502B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3236249B1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
EA201650105A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
EP3236249A4 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
EP3236249A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
CN107209148A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
KR20170102493A (en) | 2017-09-11 |
CA2971131A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
US20170322176A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
EA032158B1 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
MY196623A (en) | 2023-04-23 |
BR112017013044B1 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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