WO2016097067A1 - Sugar replacement composition - Google Patents

Sugar replacement composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016097067A1
WO2016097067A1 PCT/EP2015/080111 EP2015080111W WO2016097067A1 WO 2016097067 A1 WO2016097067 A1 WO 2016097067A1 EP 2015080111 W EP2015080111 W EP 2015080111W WO 2016097067 A1 WO2016097067 A1 WO 2016097067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
sugar replacement
replacement composition
sugar
oligofructose
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/080111
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sophie De Baets
Original Assignee
Aegis Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2015/058106 external-priority patent/WO2015158735A1/en
Application filed by Aegis Nv filed Critical Aegis Nv
Priority to EP15813375.1A priority Critical patent/EP3302096A1/en
Publication of WO2016097067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016097067A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
    • A21D13/062—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content with modified sugar content; Sugar-free products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
    • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
    • A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
    • A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
    • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
    • A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
    • A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
    • A21D2/181—Sugars or sugar alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
    • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
    • A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
    • A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
    • A21D2/186—Starches; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G1/40—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/38—Sucrose-free products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/42—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/10—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/34—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/60—Sweeteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A23L27/34—Sugar alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A23L27/35—Starch hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A23L27/37—Halogenated sugars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
    • A23L33/25—Synthetic polymers, e.g. vinylic or acrylic polymers
    • A23L33/26—Polyol polyesters, e.g. sucrose polyesters; Synthetic sugar polymers, e.g. polydextrose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sugar replacement compositions. It relates in particular to compositions that are not only sweet but which furthermore exhibit other functional characteristics of sugar, such as the structural characteristics and/or browning effects of sugar.
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are furthermore characterized by various health benefits including reduced caloric value, lower glycemic index, and superior tooth friendliness.
  • Sugar is commonly used as an ingredient in various foods, beverages and related products such as chewing gums.
  • sugar due to its high caloric value and susceptibility for digestion by various bacteria, sugar has undesired detrimental effects on the consumer's health. Therefore, various efforts have been made to replace sugar by alternative sweetening agents or sweetening compositions in foods and beverages.
  • sweeteners such as the commercial product Splenda®, which primarily contain high intensity sweeteners like sucralose.
  • Some other sugar replacement compositions have been developed, which are primarily based on polyols, polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides and which may additionally contain high intensity sweeteners.
  • Such sugar replacement compositions are disclosed, for instance, in WO 2006/015880 Al .
  • Sugar replacement compositions such as the compositions described in WO 2006/015880 Al may be used for replacing sugar also in bakery products and the like since such sugar replacement compositions also exhibit functional characteristics of sugar.
  • these compositions are still unsatisfactory because they have a too high caloric value and because they are unsatisfactory in view of health considerations (glycemic index, tooth friendliness, etc.).
  • health considerations glycemic index, tooth friendliness, etc.
  • having regard to the compositions of WO 2006/015880 Al there is still room for further improvement regarding the accomplishment of functional characteristics of sugar, e.g. in respect of the crunchiness of biscuits.
  • the present invention therefore has the objective of providing sugar replacement compositions, which avoid the above detrimental effects and which exhibit, in particular, one or more of the following advantageous characteristics:
  • a sweetening component comprising one or more sweeteners selected from
  • sugar replacement composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein said sugar replacement composition further comprises a fructan, wherein said fructan component comprises one or more components selected from inulin, oligofructose and agavin and wherein said agavin, inulin and/or oligofructose are present in a combined amount of from more than 0 to 30 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to item 1, 2 or 3, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components such that the total amount of polysaccharide components is from 30 to 75 weight %, preferably 45 to 65 weight %, and the total amount of oligosaccharide components is from 5 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 30 weight %, wherein the weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less, of inulin, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less of oligofructose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises 60 to 75 weight% or 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises one or more of the following components:
  • weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises in addition to the polyol component
  • sugar replacement composition in addition to the polyol component comprises
  • sugar replacement composition comprises
  • the polyol component contains 16 to 30 weight %, preferably 21 to 27 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt,
  • sugar replacement composition comprises
  • polyol component contains 6 to 16 weight %, preferably 7 to 11 weight
  • sugar replacement composition comprises
  • polyol component contains 16 to 24 weight %, preferably 18 to 22 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt or 4 to 12 weight%, preferably 6 to 10 weight% isomalt,
  • weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide is one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, cereal fibres, wheat fibres, oat fibres, apple fibres, orange fibres, tomato fibres or is a combination thereof, and whereby the total amount of the selected non digestible polysaccharides is 0.05 to 3 weight %, preferably 0.2 to 2 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items 11 and 12, whereby said insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide comprises about 2 weight % of wheat fibre, wherein the weight indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %, whereby said wheat fibre has an average length of 20 to 80 ⁇ , preferably about 30 ⁇ .
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of soluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to item 14, whereby said soluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of xanthan, tara, carrageenan, tragacanth, locust bean gum, agar, guar gum, arabic gum or any other arabinogalactan type polysaccharide, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, oat soluble fiber or is a combination thereof, and whereby each of the selected non digestible polysaccharides is present in an amount of about 0.05 to 3 weight %, preferably 0.2 to 2 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby the sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 40 weight %, more preferably 10 to 30 weight % of a component selected from the group consisting of maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol syrups or powders, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (polyglycitol syrups) and/or glycerine or a combination thereof, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • a high intensity sweetener which is selected from the group consisting of acesulfame K, neohesperidine DC, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, alitame, thaumatine, cyclamate, glycyrrhizin, stevioside/stevia extract and monk fruit extract, or is a combination thereof.
  • sugar replacement composition according to item 18 wherein the high intensity sweetener comprises 0.10 to 0.20 weight % sucralose, preferably about 0.15 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • the high intensity sweetener comprises acesulfame K and neohesperidine DC, preferably in a ratio of acesulfame K to neohesperidine DC that is between 9.5 and 11.5, preferably between 10.0 and 11.0, and wherein the high intensity sweetener preferably comprises from 0.1 to 0.3 weight % acesulfame K and from 0.01 to 0.03 weight % neohesperidine DC, and more preferably about 0.15 weight % acesulfame K and about 0.015 weight % neohesperidine DC, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to any one of the preceding items, whereby the sugar replacement composition comprises glucono-5-lacton, preferably in an amount between 0.10 and 0.20 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises resistant maltodextrin of which about 50 weight % has a DP below 11, wherein the weight indication is based on the total of resistant maltodextrin being 100 weight %.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, further comprising Si0 2 in an amount effective to prevent caking of said sugar replacement composition, wherein the Si0 2 is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 weight %, preferably about 0.25 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, further comprising an ingredient selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin K and vitamin E, selenium, iron, zinc, probiotic microorganisms, a-cyclo-dextrins, glucooligosaccharides, ⁇ -glucans, partially hydrogenized guar gum, arabinoxylan oligosaccharides, barley fiber or a combination thereof.
  • an ingredient selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin K and vitamin E, selenium, iron, zinc, probiotic microorganisms, a-cyclo-dextrins, glucooligosaccharides, ⁇ -glucans, partially hydrogenized guar gum, arabinoxylan oligosaccharides, barley fiber or a combination thereof.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby it is granulated, preferably by the addition of water in which polyol and/or polydextrose are dissolved and/or by liquid spraying, press agglomeration and/or spray-drying.
  • Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, which further comprises sugar, preferably in an amount up to 10 weight %, wherein the weight indication is based on the total mixture being 100 weight %.
  • Method for manufacturing a sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27, which method comprises the step of mixing the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition in a simultaneous or sequential manner.
  • Method according to item 32 wherein granulation is accomplished by means of wet granulation with an aqueous granulation medium, preferably by fluid bed granulation and/or spray drying.
  • Process for producing a food preparation comprising the step of mixing the sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27 with one or more food ingredients and/or the step of adding the sugar replacement composition to an intermediate product.
  • Method for manufacturing chocolate which comprises the steps of providing ingredients comprising cocoa mass, cocoa butter or another source of fat, emulsifier and the sugar replacement composition according to anyone of the items 1 to 27 above; mixing the above- mentioned ingredients in any order, conching at elevated temperature; and cooling the resulting mass.
  • Method for manufacturing chocolate according to the preceding item 36 wherein conching is performed in a temperature range of from 40 to 90 °C and for a time period of from 60 to 720 min, preferably 180 to 300 min.
  • Method for manufacturing chocolate according to the preceding item 36 or 37 which further comprises the step of grinding the ingredients.
  • Method for making bakery products which comprises the steps of providing ingredients comprising flour, a source of fat, water, an emulsifier, a leavening agent and the ingredients of a sugar replacement composition according to anyone of the above items 1 to 27; mixing the above ingredients in any order; heating the resulting dough; and cooling.
  • Figure 1 Incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) of glycemia for glucose 25 g (right) as compared to Zusto® 25 g (left). Box plots with mean and SEM. The GI of Zusto® is 22.
  • FIG. 2 Glycemia (upper panel), plasma C-peptide (middle panel) and insulin (lower panel) at different time points after intake of glucose 25 g (blue line) as compared to Zusto® 25 g (red line).
  • polysaccharide refers to all linear or branched molecules containing 10 or more saccharide repeating units. Such repeating units may be the same or differ from each other. If a compound is present in the form of a mixture of different molecules with differing degrees of polymerization, the compound is to be regarded as a polysaccharide if it has an average degree of polymerization of 10 or more.
  • oligosaccharide refers to linear or branched molecules containing two or more but less than 10 saccharide repeating units. Such repeating units may be the same or differ from each other. If a compound is present in the form of a mixture of molecules having different degrees of polymerization, the compound is to be regarded as an oligosaccharide if its average degree of polymerization is less than 10.
  • references to "polysaccharide components” and “oligosaccharide components” are meant to be references to those components of a composition of one or more components, which exhibit a degree of polymerization of 10 or more (polysaccharide components) and less than 10 (oligosaccharide components), respectively.
  • a particular compound having an average degree of polymerization above 10 will be regarded as a polysaccharide in the context of the present invention; nevertheless, it may contain not only polysaccharide components but also oligosaccharide components.
  • high intensity sweetener is meant to refer to substances having a sweetness that is at least 30 times higher than that of sucrose.
  • flavour enhancer is meant to refer to substances that have the effect of increasing the sweetness sensation created by other sweet substances.
  • soluble is meant to refer to substances having a solubility of 1 g or more in 100 ml water at 20°C. This is determined by mixing 1 g of the test substance with 100 ml of water and stirring the resultant at the specified temperature. If the test substance is soluble, it will form a clear solution or, especially in case of polymeric substances, a clear viscous or gel-like substance.
  • insoluble is meant to refer to substances that are not soluble according to the above definition. Such compounds form a turbid dispersion or suspension when being subjected to the above test conditions.
  • non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide is meant to refer to polysaccharides that are not digested in the human gastrointestinal tract.
  • food preparation is meant to include any product that is suitable for human consumption including solid foods, semi-solid foods, liquid foods (beverages) and related products like chewing gum.
  • Pharmaceuticals and food supplements as such are not to be regarded as food preparations in the context of the present invention.
  • food preparations may contain as one (further) ingredient substances typically found in food supplements or pharmaceuticals, such as vitamins, minerals or substances having antioxidant properties.
  • sugar is used in the context of the present application as a synonym for "table sugar", “sucrose” or “saccharose”.
  • sugar alcohol is used in the context of the present invention as characterizing a family of compounds including those having the general formula HOCH 2 (CHOH) n CH 2 OH, wherein n can be any number in the range of from 1 to 10 and typically 2 to 4. Typical examples of such sugar alcohols are erythritol and xylitol.
  • sugar alcohol further refers to sugar alcohol compounds of the general type characterized above, which are linked via an ether bridge to another compound having two or more hydroxyl groups.
  • sugar alcohols are lactitol, isomalt, and maltitol.
  • a last group of sugar alcohols are cyclic molecules of the general formula c(CHOH) m , wherein m represents a number in the range of from 5 to 8 and typically 6.
  • An example of this type of sugar alcohols is inositol.
  • polyol is used in the context of the present application as having the same meaning as "sugar alcohol”.
  • erythritol has a sweetness of about 60 to 70% of the sweetness of sugar but only a very low caloric value of approximately 0.2 kcal/g.
  • erythritol exhibits a pronounced cooling effect when being dissolved in water. This cooling effect is undesirable for many practical applications and it therefore makes it difficult to use erythritol in sugar replacement compositions.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that the cooling effect of erythritol can be masked by combining it with polysaccharides and especially polydextrose.
  • compositional ratio as well as the presence of optional further ingredients may be suitably chosen, for instance among the following compositions.
  • the total content of polyols in general should be in the range of 10 to 70 weight%.
  • the content of erythritol in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention is from 20 weight% to 60 weight% or, in other embodiments, from 6 to 16 weight %, preferably from 7 to 1 1 weight %, or from 16 to 30 weight %, preferably from 21 to 27 weight %, or preferably from 19 to less than 21 or from more than 21 to 23 weight %, most preferably 20 or 22 weight %.
  • Polysaccharides are suitable for masking the cooling effect of erythritol.
  • Polydextrose is an essential component in this respect. Additionally, further polysaccharides may optionally be used. Such additional optional polysaccharides include, for instance, resistant maltodextrine and/ or inulin.
  • Polydextrose is typically used in an amount of from 30 weight% to 70 weight% and preferably from 40 weight% to 60 weight%. According to another embodiment, the content of polydextrose may be from 50 to 75 weight%, preferably more than 60 weight% to 75 weight%, more preferably 61 to 70 weight%. Polydextrose contents of 61.5 to 62.5 weight% and 64 to 66 weight% are particularly preferred.
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention has the following ingredients:
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention has the following ingredients: Component Amount (weight%)
  • maltodextrin is used as an additional component, its relative amount is preferably in the range of from more than 0 weight% to 6 weight% and more preferably in the range of from 3 weight% to 5 weight%.
  • the following tables characterize a corresponding composition with resistant maltodextrin according to the present invention as well as a preferred composition including maltodextrin.
  • compositions of the present invention comprising fructan components.
  • fructan components inulin, oligofructose and agavin are preferred classes of substances.
  • Relative amounts for each of these substances are typically in the range of from more than 0 weight% to 15 weight% wherein the total amount of fructans should be no more than 30 weight%.
  • each of the above-mentioned fructans is either absent completely or present in an amount of from 2 weight% to 12 weight%.
  • inulin and oligofructose are simultaneously present, wherein the amount of inulin is preferably from 6 to 10 weight%, more preferably from 7 to 9 weight% or from 8 to 12 weight% and more preferably from 9 to 11 weight%, and wherein the amount of oligofructose is preferably from 4 to 8 weight%, more preferably from 5 to 7 weight% or from 8 to 12 weight%, more preferably from 9 to 11 weight%.
  • inulin and oligofructose are simultaneously present, wherein the amount of inulin is preferably from 3 to 6 weight%, more preferably from 4 to 5.5 weight%, and wherein the amount of oligofructose is preferably from 0.5 to 4 weight%, preferably from 1 to 3 weight%.
  • the total amount of fructans is preferably 22 weight% or less.
  • composition (c3) Composition (c4)
  • composition (c5) Composition (c6)
  • composition (c7) Composition (c8)
  • composition (c9) Composition (clO)
  • composition (cl3) Composition (cl4)
  • sugar replacement compositions which comprise both resistant maltodextrin and one or more fructan-type compounds.
  • Suitable compositional ranges are shown in the following tables.
  • composition (dl) Composition (d2)
  • composition (d3) Composition (d4)
  • composition (d5) Composition (d6) Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
  • composition (d7) Composition (d8)
  • composition (d9) Composition (dlO)
  • composition (dll) Composition (dl2)
  • composition (dl3) Composition (dl4)
  • the sugar replacement compositions mentioned above will mostly be not as sweet as sugar. In some instances, however, it is desired to use a sugar replacement composition, which provides not only the functional characteristics of sugar, but which also provides sweetness comparable to that of sugar. According to another embodiment, the present invention therefore provides sugar replacement compositions, which further contain high intensity sweeteners and/or flavour enhancers. The relative amount of the high intensity sweetener and/ or flavour enhancer is adjusted such that the overall sweetness of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention reaches the desired level. According to one embodiment, the sweetness is exactly the same or approximately the same as that of sugar (sucrose). This means that the same sweetness effect is accomplished when using the same amount (on a weight basis) as sugar. This can be tested, for instance, by dissolving equal amounts (on a weight basis) of the sugar replacement composition and of sugar in water and by testing sweetness using a taste panel.
  • an amount of high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer may be employed to accomplish a level of sweetness that is the same or approximately the same as that of sugar on a volume basis.
  • an amount of high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer may be needed to accomplish this objective.
  • the high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer will be used in relatively small amounts such as 1 weight% or less, preferably 0.5 weight% or less.
  • Suitable amounts for sucralose are typically in the range of from 0.1 to 0.15 weight%. Relative amounts for other high intensity sweeteners may be adjusted relying on the relative ratio of sweetness in comparison with sucralose.
  • Flavour enhancers are typically used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 weight% and preferably 0.1 to 0.3 weight%.
  • compositions with high intensity sweeteners are described in the tables below.
  • Composition (el) Composition (e2)
  • composition (e3) Composition (e4)
  • composition (e7) Composition (e8)
  • composition (e9) Composition (elO)
  • composition (ell) Composition (el 2)
  • composition (el9) (e20) (e21) (e22) (e23) (e24)
  • composition (e25) (e26) (e27) (e28) (e29) (e30)
  • composition (e31) (e32) (e33) (e34) (e35) (e36)
  • composition (e37) (e38) (e39) (e40) (e41) (e42)
  • composition (e43) (e44) (e45) (e46) (e47) (e48)
  • composition (e55) (e56) (e57) (e58) (e59) (e60)
  • composition (e61) (e62) (e63) (e64) (e65) (e66)
  • composition (e73) (e74) (e75) (e76) (e77) (e78)
  • Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
  • composition (e79) (e80) (e81) (e82) (e83) (e84)
  • composition (e91) (e92) (e93) (e94) (e95) (e96)
  • composition (e97) (e98) (e99) (elOO) (elOl) (el 02)
  • composition (el03) (el 04) (el05) (el 06) (el 07) (el 08)
  • Oligofructose >0- 12 1 - 11 >0 - 12 1 - 11 8-12 9-11
  • compositions (e97) to (el08) there is preferably no additional polyol component and especially no isomalt present.
  • Additional components that may be used in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are soluble non-selective non-digestible fibers, insoluble non-selective non- digestible fibers, vitamins, minerals, health promoting bacteria and/or anti-caking agents.
  • soluble and/or insoluble non-selective non-digestible fibers are employed in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, it is preferred to use them in amounts of from 0.05 weight% to 10 weight%, more preferably from 0.1 weight% to 5 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 0.15 weight% to 2.5 weight%.
  • an anti-caking agent it is preferable to add the anti-caking agent in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 weight% and more preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 0.3 weight%.
  • a vitamin or a mineral is used, it is preferable to add these components in such small amounts that recommended daily allowances for the respective vitamins and/or minerals are not exceeded when using amounts of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, which correspond to typical daily consumptions of sugar.
  • sugar replacement composition of the present invention comprises polysaccharide components in a total amount of from 30 to 75 weight %, preferably 45 to 65 weight %, and that the total amount of oligosaccharide components is from 5 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 30 weight %.
  • Polydextrose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose repeating units that are linked via different types of linkages, wherein 1 ⁇ 6 bonds are mainly present. Smaller amounts of other repeating units such as sorbitol and citric acid may also be present. Polydextrose is a soluble fiber that has a caloric value of only about 1 kcal/g since it is indigestible for the human body. It is also advantageous insofar as it has prebiotic properties and can mask the cooling effect of erythritol. Polydextrose is commercially available under the trade names Litesse, Sta-Lite and Winway.
  • Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) having the IUPAC name (2R,3S)-butane-l,2,3,4-tetraol.
  • polyol sugar alcohol
  • 2R,3S IUPAC name
  • erythritol has a low caloric value of about 0.2 kcal/g and a sweetness that is about 60 to 70% of the sweetness of sugar.
  • Erythritol shows less of the undesired side effects (flatulence and laxative effects) of other polyols such as maltitol. It is commercially available under a variety of different trade names.
  • further polyols may optionally be used in addition to erythritol.
  • a preferred further polyol is isomalt.
  • Isomalt is a sugar alcohol consisting of an equimolar mixture of two disaccharides, which are composed of glucose and mannitol and glucose and sorbitol, respectively. It has a caloric value of about 2 kcal/g and it is tooth friendly. Its sweetness is approximately 50% of that of sugar. However, it may lead to flatulence and it may have laxative effects on the human body. According to some embodiments of the present application, no isomalt is present. Further polyols that can optionally be used in the present invention are maltitol, xylitol, glycerin, sorbitol and others.
  • such other polyols When using such other polyols in addition to erythritol, it is preferred to use such other polyols in an amount of from more than 0 weight% to 40 weight%, preferably more than 0 weight% to 25 weight% and even more preferably more than 0 weight% to 10 weight%. According to another embodiment, it is preferred to use isomalt in an amount of from 4 to 12 weight%, preferably in an amount of from 6 to 10 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 7 to 9 weight%.
  • resistant maltodextrins are polysaccharides based on glucose repeating units. Resistant maltodextrins primarily have a-(l ⁇ 4) and a-(l ⁇ 6) glycosidic linkages as well as further glycosidic linkages. Resistant maltodextrins are characterized by a high degree of branching. Due to this highly branched structure and the unusual linkages found in its structure, resistant maltodextrin is not digested by the human body and therefore identified as resistant maltodextrin. Maltodextrin may be present in a variety of different degrees of polymerization.
  • resistant maltodextrin contains approximately equal amounts of oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components.
  • the relative amount of polysaccharide components is higher than that of oligosaccharide components, such that about 50% of the resistant maltodextrin has a degree of polymerization above 11.
  • Resistant maltodextrin does not lead to flatulence and also has no laxative effects. Moreover, its use is advantageous because it has prebiotic properties.
  • Inulin is an oligo- and/or polysaccharide consisting of D-fructose residues. These residues are linked by P-(2 ⁇ l)-linkages. These chains of fructose repeating units are terminated by a ⁇ - (2 ⁇ l)-linked glucose residue. Inulin is commercially available under the trade name
  • Raftilin® has prebiotic properties and is thus advantageous for the gastrointestinal health. Excessive ingestion of inulin can however lead to flatulence.
  • the relative amount of inulin employed in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention is therefore limited as specified above.
  • inulin is also advantageous as a component that is suitable for masking the cooling effect of erythritol.
  • Oligofructose is an oligosaccharide, wherein fructose units are linked by P-(2 ⁇ l)-linkages.
  • oligofructose can be obtained by hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation of inulin. Consequently, the degree of polymerization of oligofructose is lower than that of inulin.
  • inulin and oligofructose products there is no generally accepted degree of polymerization distinguishing between inulin and oligofructose products. That is, products having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 7 to 10 are sometimes identified as inulin and sometimes as oligofructose.
  • inulin is used to define oligo- and polysaccharides having an average degree of polymerization of 7 or more
  • oligofructose is used to define oligosaccharides having an average degree of polymerization of less than 7.
  • the relative amounts of the two components can be derived from the quantities of "inulin” and "oligofructose” starting materials that are incorporated into the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • the relative amounts of "inulin” and “oligofructose” according to the above definition of the present invention can be determined by experimentally quantifying the relative amounts of the individual P-(2 ⁇ l)-linked fructan components having a degree of polymerization of 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., to thereby obtain an experimentally determined distribution of degrees of polymerization; and by curve-fitting two mono-disperse distribution curves to the experimentally determined distributions of P-(2 ⁇ l)-linked fructan components.
  • oligofructose is made by transfructosylation on sucrose using a ⁇ - fructosidase of Aspergillus niger.
  • This type of oligofructose is also referred to as fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Contrary to the inulin degradation products, the fructooligosaccharides always have a terminal glucose residue. The degree of polymerization of fructooligosaccharides is typically from 3 to 5. In the context of the present invention both types of oligofructose can be used. Depending on the desired properties of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, a suitable type of oligofructose may be chosen.
  • fructooligosaccharide is less reactive in browning reactions.
  • oligofructose that is a degradation product of inulin.
  • the use of fructooligosaccharide may be more advantageous.
  • Oligofructose is commercially available under the trade name Raftilose®.
  • Oligofructose exhibits some sweetness, which is approximately 30 to 50% of the sweetness of sugar. Oligofructose has a low caloric value and contributes to gastrointestinal tract health. However, it may lead to flatulence. It is therefore preferred to use only relative small amounts of oligofructose in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, as specified above.
  • inulin may be present together with oligofructose, but no distinction is made between inulin and oligofructose as far as the amount indications are concerned. This means that only the combined amount of inulin and oligofructose is limited.
  • compositions according to this further embodiment may be derived from the above compositions (c7), (c8), (cl3), (cl4), (d7), (d8), (dl3), (dl4), (e31) to (e36), (e49) to (e54), (e73) to (e78) and (e91) to (e96) by replacing the individual amount indications for inulin and oligofructose by a single amount indication for the combination of inulin and oligofructose, wherein the lower limit is obtained by adding the two individual lower limits for inulin and oligofructose, and wherein the upper limit is obtained by adding the two individual upper limits for inulin and oligofructose.
  • compositions (e'31) to (e'36) and (e'91) to (e'96) have the following compositions:
  • composition (e'31) (e'32) (e'33) (e'34) (e'35) (e'36)
  • composition (e'91) (e'92) (e'93) (e'94) (e'95) (e'96)
  • Agavin is a term characterizing fructan-type oligosaccharides and polysaccharides derived from agave plants and/or dasylirion plants.
  • the structure of agavin-type fructans is rather complex.
  • Agavins are mainly based on fructose repeating units.
  • the molecules are typically branched and contain blocks that are based on fructose repeating units that are linked by inulin-type P-(2 ⁇ l)-linkages and other blocks based on fructose repeating units linked by levan-type P-(2 ⁇ 6)-linkages. Additionally, glucose repeating units are also incorporated.
  • agavins The origin, isolation and characterization of agavins is described, for instance, in "Agave Fructans as Prebiotics” by M.G. Lopez and J.E. Urias-Silvas in Recent Advances in Fructooligosaccharides research, 2007, 1-14 and "Water-soluble carbohydrates and fructan structure patterns from agave and dasylirion species" by N.A. Mancilla-Margalli and M.G. Lopez in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 7832-7839.
  • Different types of agavins are known and degrees of polymerization may vary broadly at least in a range of from 3 to 32. Such agavins are prebiotic and thus contribute to gastrointestinal tract health. They may advantageously be used as a substitute for inulin and/ or oligofructose, or in addition to these other fructan-type components.
  • one or more fructan component selected from inulin and/or oligofructose and/or agavin may be present, optionally with further fructan components (like levan-type and graminan-type compounds) as long as these further fructan components are suitable for human consumption.
  • further fructan components like levan-type and graminan-type compounds
  • the following compositions may be derived from the above tables by canceling the amount indications for the individual fructan components:
  • any high intensity sweetener which is permitted for human consumption, may be used as a component of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • Suitable high intensity sweeteners and their relative sweetness compared to the sweetness of sugar are the following: cyclamate (30-50), glycyrrhizin (50), aspartame (120-200), acesulfame K (200), saccharine (250-300), stevioside (300), sucralose (600), monelline (1500-2000), neohesperidine DC (1800), alitame (2000), thaumatin (2000-3000) and neotame (8000). Sucralose is preferred.
  • stevia extract or monk-fruit extract it is also possible to use stevia extract or monk-fruit extract.
  • any combination of two or more high intensity sweeteners may also be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • sucralose is used in combination with stevia extract and/or stevioside.
  • Another preferred embodiment concerns the combination of sucralose with thaumatin.
  • Yet another preferred combination is sucralose with thaumatin and with (stevia extract and/or stevioside).
  • acesulfame K has an unpleasant bitter and metallic aftertaste. This unpleasant aftertaste can be masked by combining it with neohesperidene DC.
  • neohesperidene DC acts not only as a sweetener in its own right but additionally as a flavor enhancer for acesulfame K. It thus has a dual function.
  • Another flavor enhancer is glucono-5-lactone.
  • Glucono-6-lactone has the effect of enhancing the sweetness sensation caused by other sweeteners. Due to the sweetness-enhancing-effects of these substances, they may also be referred to as sweetness enhancers.
  • the sugar replacement composition further comprises insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides.
  • insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides are cellulose and hemicellulose. These polysaccharides are found inter alia in cereal fibers such as wheat fibers.
  • the use of wheat fiber is thus contemplated in the context of the present invention.
  • Such fibers may typically have an average length between 20 and 80 ⁇ .
  • the average length preferably is in the range of from 25 to 45 ⁇ .
  • the use of wheat fibers is preferred in particular in combination with the use of oligofructose. This combination may be particularly advantageous for bakery applications because advantageous crust color and brilliance may be accomplished when using this combination of components.
  • Using wheat fibers in addition to oligofructose in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention allows to avoid the generation of a too dark crust and crumb.
  • insoluble non-selective non-digestible fibers also contributes to the beneficial health effects of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • such fibers aid in preventing constipation and reducing blood sugar levels in people suffer from diabetes.
  • insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides it is furthermore possible to use one or more soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides in the context of the present invention.
  • soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides for use in the present invention the following may be mentioned: xanthan, tara, carrageenan, tragacanth, locust bean gum, agar, guar gum, arabic gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and pectin.
  • xanthan tara, carrageenan, tragacanth, locust bean gum, agar, guar gum, arabic gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and pectin.
  • the use of such polysaccharides is advantageous insofar as they contribute to an increased shelf life and softness of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • carrageenan is used as the soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide, it is particularly preferred to use kappa carrageenan.
  • This polysaccharide is preferably used in an amount of from 0.05 to 2 weight% and more preferably in an amount of from 0.05 to 1 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 0.3 to 0.7 weight%.
  • carboxymethyl cellulose or a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose is used as the soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide component.
  • This type of polysaccharide is advantageous because it contributes to the accomplishment of a desired viscosity in viscous food preparations, which matches that of food preparations containing sugar.
  • soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides are advantageous insofar as it contributes to the beneficial health effect on the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. This is because these polysaccharides are non-selectively fermented in the colon to yield short chain fatty acids, which are helpful in preventing colon cancer and give rise to further beneficial health effects. Additionally, the use of soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides may also be advantageous in suppressing flatulence and laxative effects that may be caused by other components that may be employed in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention (e.g. oligofructose or some polyols).
  • the present invention it is furthermore possible to add yet further components, which may contribute to the advantageous properties of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention (or which may reduce undesired effects of the sugar replacement composition).
  • one or more anti-flatulence agents into the sugar replacement composition.
  • anti- flatulence agents the following may be mentioned: dimethicone, activated charcoal, simethicone (i.e. dimethicone activated by Si0 2 ), chili, capsaicin, garlic, ginger, krachai, lemon grass and tumeric.
  • an anti-caking agent into the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention.
  • a typical anti-caking agent suitable for use in the present invention is Si0 2 .
  • allulose also known as D- psicose
  • This component is available under the brand name Dolcia Prima from Tate & Lyle. It has a sweetness of 70% of sugar. If it is incorporated, the amount of high intensity sweetener or sweetness enhancer may be reduced accordingly to attain the desired target sweetness.
  • vitamins, minerals and health promoting bacteria are vitamins, minerals and health promoting bacteria.
  • vitamins A, B, C, E and K may for instance be used as optional components.
  • minerals the following elements may for instance be used: Ca, Mg, K, P, Se, Fe and Zn.
  • health promoting bacteria the following may for instance be used: probiotic species of the genera bifidobacterium and lactobacillus .
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention can be manufactured by any suitable method involving at least the step of mixing the essential ingredients. If further optional ingredients are present in the sugar replacement composition, these are also mixed with the essential sugar replacement ingredients. There is no limitation concerning the relative order of the mixing steps. It is, for instance, possible to prepare a sugar replacement composition by simultaneously mixing all the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition. Alternatively, the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition may be mixed in a sequential manner, wherein the relative order of the individual mixing steps is not limited.
  • the above-mentioned mixing can be performed in the solid state or in the liquid state. If solids are mixed, this can be done in any conventionally used mixer, including ribbon blender, V Blender, continuous processor, cone screw blender, screw blender, double cone blender, planetary mixer, double planetary mixer, high viscosity mixer, high shear rotor stator, dispersion mixers, paddle mixer, jet mixer, drum blenders, banbury mixer, intermix mixer, etc.
  • any conventionally used mixer including ribbon blender, V Blender, continuous processor, cone screw blender, screw blender, double cone blender, planetary mixer, double planetary mixer, high viscosity mixer, high shear rotor stator, dispersion mixers, paddle mixer, jet mixer, drum blenders, banbury mixer, intermix mixer, etc.
  • the resulting mixture may be used as such as a sugar replacement composition of the present invention, e.g. in the form of a powdery or particulate mixture or in the form of an aqueous solution containing said mixture. Such uses may be advantageous in particular for industrial applications.
  • the resulting mixture may be further processed to obtain sugar replacement compositions of other embodiments of the present invention. Such further processing steps are described below.
  • the above-mentioned solid mixture resulting from the mixing step may be subjected to an agglomeration, granulation and/or spray drying process.
  • a preferred agglomeration method is press agglomeration.
  • Other agglomeration methods are also suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention may be granulated to improve its handling and to reduce the formation of dust during usage.
  • Granulation is typically effected by stirring the components of the present invention with small quantities of a suitable solvent.
  • a preferred granulation method is wet granulation.
  • the granulation liquid is not particularly restricted. The use of an aqueous liquid is preferred and the use of water is even more preferred but alternative solvents may also be used..
  • Another preferred granulation method employs an aqueous solution of dispersion of a suitable binder substance, as commonly used for instance in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. corn starch, a cellulose derivative such as methyl cellulose or gelatin.
  • a particularly preferred wet granulation method is fluid bed granulation.
  • granulation is performed by liquid spraying.
  • a spraying liquid that contains water and 0.05 to 0.2 weight% of a binder, wherein the binder is selected from cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
  • the spraying liquid contains water and 0.05 to 0.2 weight%, most preferably 0.1 weight% of methyl cellulose.
  • the particle sizes after granulation are typically in the range of from 0.1 to 2.5 mm and more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mm.
  • a preferred spray drying method includes the formation of a solution or a dispersion of the sugar replacement composition in a suitable solvent, which is subsequently sprayed into a drying chamber where droplets are formed and the solvent contained in the individual droplets is evaporated.
  • the solvent is preferably an aqueous solvent and most preferably water.
  • crystallization can be effected using the liquid mixture as such. If the mixture is obtained in solid form, it is dissolved in a first sub-step in a suitable crystallization solvent.
  • the crystallization solvent is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, aqueous liquids are used. The use of water is particularly preferred. Dissolution is preferably effected under stirring conditions.
  • the crystallization solvent/resulting solution for instance to a temperature in the range of from 20° Celsius to 95°C, preferably 30°C to 70°C and more preferably 35°C to 55°C, wherein the heating temperature should be equal (reflux conditions) or less than the boiling point of the solvent.
  • the relative amount of crystallization solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to permit the formation of a clear solution at the chosen temperature conditions. It is preferred to use as little crystallization solvent as possible, for instance not more than 20% of the crystallization solvent more than the amount, which is required to obtain a clear solution, more preferably not more than 10% more than the required minimum amount for obtaining a clear solution. Most preferably, the amount of crystallization solvent exceeds the minimum required amount for obtaining a clear solution by 0-5%.
  • crystals are formed in a next sub-step.
  • the formation of crystals can be accomplished by cooling, evaporation and/or active nucleation by scratching the container and/or addition of seed crystals.
  • the crystals are separated from the mother liquor. Any method for solid- liquid separation known in the art can be employed, for instance filtration, centrifugation, etc.
  • the resulting product can optionally be washed and/or dried.
  • the crystallization process can be carried out continuously or as a batch- wise process. 4.6. Properties
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention is characterized by the following advantageous properties.
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention may exhibit a sweetness that is comparable to the sweetness of sugar (either on a weight basis or on a volume basis). According to other embodiments of the present invention, the sugar replacement composition has a sweetness that is lower than the sweetness of sugar and typically in the range of from 10 % to 95% of the sweetness of sugar preferably in the range of from 25 to 80%> of the sweetness of sugar and more preferably in the range of from 30%> to 60%> of the sweetness of sugar (on a weight basis).
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention has, at least in some aspects, the same structural characteristics as sugar. This means that it allows to accomplish the same sponge-like structure in bakery products and to accomplish the same viscous structure in jams, ice creams and sorbets. (c) Browning Effect
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention give rise to a browning effect upon heating, which is comparable to that of sugar when being used in caramelization and/or in bakery products.
  • the degree of browning can be fine-tuned by adjusting the relative amount of oligosaccharide components such as ohgofructose in relation to the polysaccharide components.
  • addition of wheat fibers may also be contemplated in this fine-tuning process.
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are generally characterized by very low caloric values.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention have caloric values of 100 kcal/100 g or less and preferably 80 kcal/100 g.
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are furthermore suitable for use by diabetic patients because they are characterized by a low glycemic index.
  • the glycemic index of the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention is typically in the range of from 0 to 40 and preferably in the range of 10 to 30.
  • prebiotic fibers in the present invention contributes to a healthy gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. That is, the growth of beneficial probiotic bacteria is advantageously supported by the consumption of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. Additionally, consumption of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention contributes to the formation of short chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. These acids are advantageous in reducing pH of the gastrointestinal tract and especially the colon in an advantageous manner. This leads to improved uptake of Ca and Mg and to a reduction of the risk of colon cancer. Further benefits are increased faecal bulk, reduced transit time and softer stools.
  • Yet another beneficial health effect is the reduced cariogenicity of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • there is reduced cariogenicity not only in comparison with sugar but also in comparison with other sugar replacement compositions known from the state of the art. Said reduced cariogenicity is accomplished in particular in those embodiments of the present invention, wherein neither inulin nor oligofructose are contained.
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention may be used as sugar replacers for the end consumer.
  • Local consumer habits should be considered in this respect.
  • bakery recipes are provided wherein the amount of sugar is indicated on a weight basis.
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention may be used not only by end consumer when making bakery products, but also by commercial producers of bakery producers. In both instances, it is vital to provide a sugar replacement composition exhibiting excellent structural effects and browning effects.
  • Advantageous compositions are the compositions (e73) to (e78) and (e97) to (el 14) specified above.
  • the sugar replacement composition of the present invention When using the sugar replacement composition of the present invention for the manufacture of ice creams and sorbets, it is essential to use a sugar replacement composition that provides excellent structural effects to accomplish satisfactory viscosity of the ice cream and sorbet to be produced.
  • the above-mentioned sugar replacement compositions (e61) to (e66) and (e97) to (el 14) are particularly advantageous.
  • Cocoa mass (sometimes referred to as cocoa liquor) can be of any commercially used type. Cocoa butter can also be of any commercially used type.
  • the cocoa butter by another source of fat such as partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
  • the emulsifying agent can also be selected among all commercially used types.
  • a typical example is lecithin and especially soy lecithin.
  • optional ingredients for instance to modify taste or organoleptic properties
  • optional further ingredients are milk or milk powder, vanilla flavor, salt, nuts, etc.
  • emulsifying agent and/or part of the cocoa butter are not added in the first step but only at a later stage. It is preferred to add the emulsifying agent at a later step, namely after conching. Even more preferably, the entire amount of lecithin as well as a part of the cocoa butter are added later, after the conching step.
  • the ingredients are mixed.
  • Mixing can take place simultaneously or sequentially, wherein the relative order of mixing the individual ingredients is not particularly limited. It is advantageous to mix the ingredients simultaneously.
  • Mixing is typically done at elevated temperatures. A preferred temperature range is from 30 to 60 °C and more preferably from 40 to 50 °C.
  • the mixture or the initially employed ingredients is/are optionally refined, i.e. milled or grinded to reduce particle size to thereby improve organoleptic properties. Of course, no grinding is necessary if the ingredients are provided already in the form of fine particles, typically having a particle size of less than 50 ⁇ . Any conventionally used refinement device can be employed, such as the Exakt 80S 3-rol.
  • the temperature of the refiner rolls is advantageously set to a temperature of about 32-38°C, more preferably 34-36°C. Refinement can be performed one or more times. Number of refinement steps (e.g., one step), distance between the refiner rolls (e.g. 2-1) and the speed of the refiner rolls (e.g. 400 rpm) are preferably chosen such that the volume weighted average diameter is preferably in the range of from 7 to 20 ⁇ and more preferably 10 to 15 ⁇ .
  • the 50th percentile, i.e. where 50% of the particles is smaller than this value, is preferably in the range of from 4 to 12 ⁇ and more preferably 6 to 10 ⁇ .
  • the total refining time is preferably 5 to 45 min, more preferably 10 to 30 min and most preferably 20 min.
  • the mixture is conched, i.e. refined under the influence of heating and grinding forces.
  • the duration of the conching operation can have a strong influence on the quality of the resulting chocolate.
  • Typical conching durations are from 60 to 720 min, preferably 180 to 300 min.
  • the conching temperature is typically in the range of from 40 °C to 90 °C, more preferably 40 °C to 80°C.
  • conching is performed in different stages at step-wise increased temperatures.
  • the conching procedure may comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more steps.
  • the first step is carried out at a low temperature, for instance a temperature in the range of from 40 °C to 50 °C, whereas the temperature in the subsequent steps is gradually increased, for instance by 3-15 °C per step, preferably 5-10°C per step.
  • a low temperature for instance a temperature in the range of from 40 °C to 50 °C
  • the temperature in the subsequent steps is gradually increased, for instance by 3-15 °C per step, preferably 5-10°C per step.
  • temperature at each conching step is maintained at a fixed temperature and temperature increases are effected at transition points between steps.
  • the duration of individual steps may typically range from 15 min to 120 min; it is preferably in the range of from 20 min to 100 min. It is furthermore preferred to reduce the amount of lecithin in the beginning of the conching process as much as possible.
  • emulsifying agent such as lecithin and/or part of the cocoa butter may be added to and mixed with the warm mixture (unless all these ingredients have already been added at an earlier stage).
  • the mixing conditions are not particularly restricted. Typical conditions are a temperature in the range from 40 to 50 °C, preferably 43 to 47 °C, mixing speed in the range from 1200 to 3600 rpm, more preferably 2000 to 2800 rpm. Duration of mixing is preferably in the range of from 15 to 45 min. It is furthermore preferred to carry out a first part of the mixing procedure under shear conditions and the second part under mixing conditions.
  • the warm mixture is preferably tempered.
  • This process includes application of a controlled program of heating/cooling/agitation steps to thereby ensure formation of small crystals of the desired fat crystal form.
  • tempering treatment There is no particular limitation on the tempering treatment. It is preferred that tempering is carried out such that the temperindex (TI), as measured on an Aasted Mikroverk Chocometer, is in the range of from 3.3 to 5.2, preferably in the range of from 3.5 to 5.0. This parameter is derived from the slope of the plateau in the temper curve. The value of the slope should be around 0 (slope »0: undertempered chocolate, slope « 0: overtempered chocolate).
  • the chocolate tempering unit is greater than 20 °C, preferably greater than 23 °C, especially in case of dark chocolate.
  • the CTU parameter gives the temperature at which the plateau occurs in the temper curve. Higher values are associated with the presence of more stable crystals ( ⁇ ⁇ crystals).
  • the chocolate After tempering, the chocolate is typically cooled and brought into the desired shape.
  • the moisture content is 3.5 weight% or less, more preferably 3 weight% or less, most preferably 2.5 weight% or less.
  • the chocolate of the invention is furthermore preferred to manufacture such that it exhibits a favourable melting profile.
  • the melting profile of the inventive chocolate can be evaluated 24 hours after tempering by using a TA Instruments Q1000 Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The sample should be subjected to the following time-temperature profile:
  • Onset temperature i.e. start of melting
  • a maximum temperature and an offset temperature are preferably in the following ranges:
  • Offset temperature 1 to 4 °C higher than maximum temperature, preferably 1 to 3 °C higher than maximum temperature.
  • the texture of the inventive chocolate can be measured at 20°C, 24 hours after tempering.
  • a penetration test can be performed by using an Instron 5942 texture analyzer equipped with a 500N load cell. In this test, the chocolate bars are penetrated with a needle-shaped probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s and to a penetration depth of 5 mm.
  • the maximum force that the probe experiences during the measurement is a measure for the hardness of the inventive chocolate.
  • the maximum force of the inventive chocolate is preferably in the range of from 5 to 25 N, more preferably in the range of from 7 to 20 N and most preferably in the range of from 10 to 15 N.
  • compositions (e55) to (e60) and (e97) to (el 14) are advantageously used for chocolate applications.
  • Mousses, creams and related desserts can also be manufactured using the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
  • the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention may also find application in non-sweet foods. This may be advantageous, for instance, in view of the structural properties of the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention. Possible applications are, for instance, salad dressings and sauces for readymade foods. For such uses in non-sweet foods, it may be particularly advantageous to employ sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, which exhibit only a reduced sweetness in comparison with the sweetness of sugar, e.g. a sweetness of from 10% to 70% of the sweetness of sugar. For this reason, the following above-mentioned compositions may be particularly advantageous: (dl) to (dl4).
  • the structural characteristics and browning effects of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention are of less relevance. Instead, the main focus of the sugar replacement composition will be on its sweetening properties and its health benefits. Consequently, the following above-mentioned compositions may be particularly advantageous: (el) to (e96) and (e97) to (el l4).
  • sugar replacement composition of the present invention may or may not be of relevance.
  • the above-mentioned health benefits are certainly advantageous. Sweetness will in most applications be of importance, too. It is therefore preferred to rely on the following sugar replacement compositions of the present invention described above: (el) to (e96) and (e97) to (el 14).
  • a sugar replacement composition of the present invention was manufactured by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts specified below:
  • the sweetness of the resulting sugar replacement composition is approximately the same as that of sugar on a weight basis.
  • the resulting sugar replacement composition was tested by incorporating it into biscuits and ice cream. The following beneficial effects were observed:
  • the biscuits containing the exemplified sugar replacement composition exhibited a crunchiness that was better than that of comparative biscuits based on the same recipe (except for using sugar instead of the exemplified sugar replacement composition).
  • the ice cream containing the exemplified sugar replacement composition exhibited a very good texture. In particular, it was easier to scoop the ice cream with the exemplified sugar replacement composition than the comparative ice cream based on the same recipe (except for using sugar instead of the exemplified sugar replacement composition).
  • composition (f8) is compared to that of glucose 25 g, a standard sugar-loaded drink used in the oral glucose tolerance test to detect diabetes, as primary endpoint.
  • Composition (f8) is composed of non-digestible, water soluble fibers.
  • composition (f8) had no significant effect on the glycemia, contrary to glucose, for at least 60'. This was also the case concerning C-peptide and insulin release, but the difference lasted even for 180'. Moreover, Composition (f8) was perceived as sweet by all volunteers.
  • Composition (f8) is a viable alternative for fast sugars and other sweetening agents, both for diabetic patients and other subjects.
  • the glycemic index is a tool to rank the capacity of foods to raise glycemia after a meal.
  • Food with a low GI is preferred in diabetic patients, as regulation of the glycemia is primordial.
  • High Gl-containing food is known to lead to fast, high and longstanding postprandial hyperglycemia, making it more difficult to control diabetes and prevent complications (1-4).
  • Sweetening agents are sugar substitutes that are artificially designed to replace fast sugars. They are generally used in diabetic patients due to their low GI and their sweet taste. They do not cause a postprandial hyperglycemia and are therefore good agents to obtain glucose control, contrary to fast sugars.
  • Composition (f8) a novel sweetening agent, Composition (f8), is tested for its GI, as compared to glucose. Glycemia, C- peptide release and insulinemia after ingestion are assessed. Moreover, the sweet taste of Composition (f8) is tested on healthy volunteers.
  • the primary outcome of this study is comparison of the GI of glucose and Composition (f8), by means of calculating the AUC.
  • the secondary endpoints are the evaluation of glucose and insulin levels after ingestion of either glucose or Composition (f8), in each group, as well as the subjective evaluation of sweetness of Composition (f8) by each subject.
  • Baseline subject characteristics are expressed as mean with standard deviations.
  • the primary outcomes measured were the differences between changes from baseline for glucose, plasma C-Peptide and insulin after intake of glucose and Composition (f8).
  • the differences between changes from baseline were analyzed by using the Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
  • the glycemic index was calculated by expressing each participant's glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for both intake with glucose and Composition (f8) according to a previously described formula (19). Results are reported as mean ⁇ standard error of the mean (SEM).
  • the significance of differences was calculated by using the Mann-Whitney-U test. All statistical tests were performed two-sided at the 5% level of significance.
  • Composition (f8) a novel sweetening agent, Composition (f8), can be used as a replacement for fast sugars, as it has a low GI. Its taste is perceived as sweet and it has no effect on postprandial glycemia, C-peptide release and insulinemia, unlike fast sugars.
  • insulinemia is not altered, which is the case with the standard drink glucose as well as food with a higher GI.
  • Composition (f8) has been correlated with a higher prevalence of increase appetite and weight gain, (pre)diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer (see Introduction).
  • Composition (f8)'s non- metabolic disturbance is of significant importance.
  • the GI is typically low to 0 in sweetening agents, as they are artificially designed to replace fast sugars. Biochemically, they are multiple times as sweet as normal fast sugars. The problem with many sweetening agents is that their overall taste is not universally appreciated by all patients.
  • Another advantage of Composition (f8) is that one dose is composed of only 25 g of carbohydrates, as compared to classical food (bread, potatoes).
  • Composition (f8) is a novel sweetening agent that can be used as an alternative to fast sugars, both in diabetic and other patients.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a sugar replacement composition, which is based on a novel and innovative combination of ingredients such that the sugar replacement composition gives rise to one or more advantageous use characteristics of comparable or superior to those of sucrose, including excellent taste, sweetness of sucrose, superior structural properties, e.g. in cake, sorbet and ice cream, improved crunchiness of biscuits, excellent organoleptic properties, low calorie content (in certain embodiments 100 kcal/100 g or less), permits reduction of fat content of certain foods such as chocolate, as well as significant health benefits, including low glycemic index, low cariogenicity, and prebiotic properties supporting growth of advantageous intestinal bacteria, beneficial effects or lowering blood sugar and slowing down the emptying of the stomach. The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention comprise polydextrose, and at least one polyol, wherein the content of the at least one polyol is from 20 weight % to 70 weight %, wherein at least one of the polyol components is erythritol, wherein the content of erythritol is from 20 weight % to 60 weight %, and wherein all weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.

Description

Sugar Replacement Composition
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to sugar replacement compositions. It relates in particular to compositions that are not only sweet but which furthermore exhibit other functional characteristics of sugar, such as the structural characteristics and/or browning effects of sugar. The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are furthermore characterized by various health benefits including reduced caloric value, lower glycemic index, and superior tooth friendliness.
2. Background of the Invention
Sugar is commonly used as an ingredient in various foods, beverages and related products such as chewing gums. However, due to its high caloric value and susceptibility for digestion by various bacteria, sugar has undesired detrimental effects on the consumer's health. Therefore, various efforts have been made to replace sugar by alternative sweetening agents or sweetening compositions in foods and beverages. Some of them are sweeteners such as the commercial product Splenda®, which primarily contain high intensity sweeteners like sucralose. Some other sugar replacement compositions have been developed, which are primarily based on polyols, polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides and which may additionally contain high intensity sweeteners. Such sugar replacement compositions are disclosed, for instance, in WO 2006/015880 Al .
However, commercial sweeteners like Splenda® cannot be used as a substitute for sugar in applications such as bakery products or ice cream since the commercial sweetener does not provide the functional (e.g. structural) characteristics of sugar.
Sugar replacement compositions such as the compositions described in WO 2006/015880 Al may be used for replacing sugar also in bakery products and the like since such sugar replacement compositions also exhibit functional characteristics of sugar. However, these compositions are still unsatisfactory because they have a too high caloric value and because they are unsatisfactory in view of health considerations (glycemic index, tooth friendliness, etc.). Moreover, having regard to the compositions of WO 2006/015880 Al, there is still room for further improvement regarding the accomplishment of functional characteristics of sugar, e.g. in respect of the crunchiness of biscuits.
The present invention therefore has the objective of providing sugar replacement compositions, which avoid the above detrimental effects and which exhibit, in particular, one or more of the following advantageous characteristics:
• low caloric value;
• low glycemic index;
• improved tooth friendliness;
• improved structural effects in bakery products;
• improved crunchiness of biscuits; and/or
• improved structural effects in sorbet and ice cream.
Further objectives and beneficial effects of the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the present invention.
3. Summary of the Invention
The above objective is accomplished by the subject-matter of the following numbered items:
1. Sugar replacement composition comprising
- polydextrose, and at least one polyol,
- wherein the content of the at least one polyol is from 10 weight% to 70 weight%,
- wherein at least one of the polyol components is erythritol,
- wherein the content of erythritol is from 10 weight% to 70 weight%,
and optionally a sweetening component comprising one or more sweeteners selected from
- high intensity sweeteners, and
- sweetness enhancers
wherein all weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %. 2. Sugar replacement composition according to item 1, wherein said sugar replacement composition further comprises resistant maltodextrin, wherein said resistant maltodextrin is present in an amount of up to 6 weight %.
3. Sugar replacement composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein said sugar replacement composition further comprises a fructan, wherein said fructan component comprises one or more components selected from inulin, oligofructose and agavin and wherein said agavin, inulin and/or oligofructose are present in a combined amount of from more than 0 to 30 weight %.
4. Sugar replacement composition according to item 1, 2 or 3, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components such that the total amount of polysaccharide components is from 30 to 75 weight %, preferably 45 to 65 weight %, and the total amount of oligosaccharide components is from 5 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 30 weight %, wherein the weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
5. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less, of inulin, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
6. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less of oligofructose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
7. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises 60 to 75 weight% or 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
8. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises one or more of the following components:
more than 0 to 10 weight % of oligofructose,
more than 0 to 10 weight % of agavin, and/or
more than 0 to 10 weight % of inulin,
wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %. 9. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein said oligo fructose is fructo-oligosaccharide that has a DP between 3 to 5.
10. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises in addition to the polyol component
- 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose,
- 5 to 15 weight %, of inulin,
- 5 to 15 weight %, of oligo fructose,
- 3 to 5 weight % of resistant maltodextrin,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition in addition to the polyol component comprises
- 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose,
more than 0 to 10 weight % of inulin,
- more than 0 to 10 weight % oligo fructose,
3 to 5 weight % resistant maltodextrin, and
more than 0 to 10 weight % of agavin,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose,
6 to 10 weight %, preferably 7 to 9 weight % of inulin,
4 to 8 weight %, preferably 5 to 7 weight % of oligofructose,
0 to 4 weight %, preferably 0 or 1 to 3 weight% of resistance maltodextrin, and wherein the polyol component contains 16 to 30 weight %, preferably 21 to 27 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose,
8 to 12 weight %, preferably 9 to 11 weight % of inulin,
8 to 12 weight %, preferably 9 to 11 weight % of oligofructose,
0 to 4 weight %, preferably 0 weight% of resistant maltodextrin, and
wherein the polyol component contains 6 to 16 weight %, preferably 7 to 11 weight
% erythritol and preferably no isomalt,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose, 3 to 9 weight %, preferably 4 to 8 weight % of inulin,
0.5 to 9 weight %, preferably 1 to 8 weight % of oligofructose,
2 to 9 weight %, preferably 3 to 8 weight% of resistant maltodextrin, and
wherein the polyol component contains 16 to 24 weight %, preferably 18 to 22 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt or 4 to 12 weight%, preferably 6 to 10 weight% isomalt,
wherein the weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
11. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
12. Sugar replacement composition according to item 11, whereby said insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide is one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, cereal fibres, wheat fibres, oat fibres, apple fibres, orange fibres, tomato fibres or is a combination thereof, and whereby the total amount of the selected non digestible polysaccharides is 0.05 to 3 weight %, preferably 0.2 to 2 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
13. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items 11 and 12, whereby said insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide comprises about 2 weight % of wheat fibre, wherein the weight indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %, whereby said wheat fibre has an average length of 20 to 80 μιη, preferably about 30 μιη.
14. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of soluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
15. Sugar replacement composition according to item 14, whereby said soluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of xanthan, tara, carrageenan, tragacanth, locust bean gum, agar, guar gum, arabic gum or any other arabinogalactan type polysaccharide, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, oat soluble fiber or is a combination thereof, and whereby each of the selected non digestible polysaccharides is present in an amount of about 0.05 to 3 weight %, preferably 0.2 to 2 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
16. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby carrageenan is present in an amount of about 0.05 to 2 weight %, preferably 0.2 to 1 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
17. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby the sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 40 weight %, more preferably 10 to 30 weight % of a component selected from the group consisting of maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol syrups or powders, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (polyglycitol syrups) and/or glycerine or a combination thereof, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
18. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, wherein a high intensity sweetener is present, which is selected from the group consisting of acesulfame K, neohesperidine DC, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, alitame, thaumatine, cyclamate, glycyrrhizin, stevioside/stevia extract and monk fruit extract, or is a combination thereof.
19. Sugar replacement composition according to item 18, wherein the high intensity sweetener comprises 0.10 to 0.20 weight % sucralose, preferably about 0.15 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
20. Sugar replacement composition according to item 18, wherein the high intensity sweetener comprises acesulfame K and neohesperidine DC, preferably in a ratio of acesulfame K to neohesperidine DC that is between 9.5 and 11.5, preferably between 10.0 and 11.0, and wherein the high intensity sweetener preferably comprises from 0.1 to 0.3 weight % acesulfame K and from 0.01 to 0.03 weight % neohesperidine DC, and more preferably about 0.15 weight % acesulfame K and about 0.015 weight % neohesperidine DC, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
21. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of the preceding items, whereby the sugar replacement composition comprises glucono-5-lacton, preferably in an amount between 0.10 and 0.20 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %. 22. Sugar replacement composition according to items 1 to 21, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 50 to 58 weight %, preferably about 54 weight %, of polydextrose, about 10 weight % of inulin, about 10 weight % of oligo fructose, about 4 weight % of resistant maltodextrin and about 22 weight % of erythritol, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
23. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises resistant maltodextrin of which about 50 weight % has a DP below 11, wherein the weight indication is based on the total of resistant maltodextrin being 100 weight %.
24. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, further comprising Si02 in an amount effective to prevent caking of said sugar replacement composition, wherein the Si02 is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 weight %, preferably about 0.25 weight %, wherein the weight indications are based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
25. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, further comprising an ingredient selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin K and vitamin E, selenium, iron, zinc, probiotic microorganisms, a-cyclo-dextrins, glucooligosaccharides, β-glucans, partially hydrogenized guar gum, arabinoxylan oligosaccharides, barley fiber or a combination thereof.
26. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, whereby it is granulated, preferably by the addition of water in which polyol and/or polydextrose are dissolved and/or by liquid spraying, press agglomeration and/or spray-drying.
27. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items, which further comprises sugar, preferably in an amount up to 10 weight %, wherein the weight indication is based on the total mixture being 100 weight %.
28. Food preparation containing or obtainable with the sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding items.
29. Method for manufacturing a sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27, which method comprises the step of mixing the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition in a simultaneous or sequential manner.
30. Method according to item 29, wherein the mixture is obtained in the mixing step in the dry state, followed by the step of forming a solution of the resulting mixture in an aqueous medium, followed by the step of crystallization. 31. Method according to item 29, wherein the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition are mixed in dissolved form to yield a solution in an aqueous medium, followed by the step of crystallization.
32. Method according to item 29, wherein the resulting mixture is granulated and/or agglomerated.
33. Method according to item 32, wherein granulation is accomplished by means of wet granulation with an aqueous granulation medium, preferably by fluid bed granulation and/or spray drying.
34. Process for producing a food preparation, comprising the step of mixing the sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27 with one or more food ingredients and/or the step of adding the sugar replacement composition to an intermediate product.
35. Use of the sugar replacement compositions according to any one of the above items 1 to 27 for the manufacture of chocolate, bakery products, frozen or non-frozen desserts, yoghurts, jam, marmalade, beverages and whipped cream.
36. Method for manufacturing chocolate, which comprises the steps of providing ingredients comprising cocoa mass, cocoa butter or another source of fat, emulsifier and the sugar replacement composition according to anyone of the items 1 to 27 above; mixing the above- mentioned ingredients in any order, conching at elevated temperature; and cooling the resulting mass.
37. Method for manufacturing chocolate according to the preceding item 36, wherein conching is performed in a temperature range of from 40 to 90 °C and for a time period of from 60 to 720 min, preferably 180 to 300 min.
38. Method for manufacturing chocolate according to the preceding item 36 or 37, which further comprises the step of grinding the ingredients.
39. Chocolate obtainable according to the method of anyone of the preceding items 36, 37 and 38.
40. Method for making bakery products, which comprises the steps of providing ingredients comprising flour, a source of fat, water, an emulsifier, a leavening agent and the ingredients of a sugar replacement composition according to anyone of the above items 1 to 27; mixing the above ingredients in any order; heating the resulting dough; and cooling.
41. Bakery product obtainable according to the method of Item 40.
42. Use of the sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27 for the manufacture of compressed products for use as a replacement for sugar cubes. 43. Beverage, cream, ice cream, pastry cream, yoghurt, dairy product based desert, chocolate, jam, or marmalade containing or obtainable with the sugar replacement composition according to any one of items 1 to 27.
4. Detailed Description of the Invention
4.1. Description of Figures
Figure 1 : Incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) of glycemia for glucose 25 g (right) as compared to Zusto® 25 g (left). Box plots with mean and SEM. The GI of Zusto® is 22.
Figure 2: Glycemia (upper panel), plasma C-peptide (middle panel) and insulin (lower panel) at different time points after intake of glucose 25 g (blue line) as compared to Zusto® 25 g (red line).
4.2. Definitions
Unless specified otherwise, all % indications are meant to be indications of weight%. Moreover, unless specified otherwise, all weight% indications are meant to be based on the total weight of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight%.
The term "polysaccharide" refers to all linear or branched molecules containing 10 or more saccharide repeating units. Such repeating units may be the same or differ from each other. If a compound is present in the form of a mixture of different molecules with differing degrees of polymerization, the compound is to be regarded as a polysaccharide if it has an average degree of polymerization of 10 or more.
The term "oligosaccharide" refers to linear or branched molecules containing two or more but less than 10 saccharide repeating units. Such repeating units may be the same or differ from each other. If a compound is present in the form of a mixture of molecules having different degrees of polymerization, the compound is to be regarded as an oligosaccharide if its average degree of polymerization is less than 10.
References to "polysaccharide components" and "oligosaccharide components" are meant to be references to those components of a composition of one or more components, which exhibit a degree of polymerization of 10 or more (polysaccharide components) and less than 10 (oligosaccharide components), respectively. Thus, for example, a particular compound having an average degree of polymerization above 10 will be regarded as a polysaccharide in the context of the present invention; nevertheless, it may contain not only polysaccharide components but also oligosaccharide components.
The term "high intensity sweetener" is meant to refer to substances having a sweetness that is at least 30 times higher than that of sucrose.
The term "flavour enhancer" is meant to refer to substances that have the effect of increasing the sweetness sensation created by other sweet substances.
The term "soluble" is meant to refer to substances having a solubility of 1 g or more in 100 ml water at 20°C. This is determined by mixing 1 g of the test substance with 100 ml of water and stirring the resultant at the specified temperature. If the test substance is soluble, it will form a clear solution or, especially in case of polymeric substances, a clear viscous or gel-like substance.
The term "insoluble" is meant to refer to substances that are not soluble according to the above definition. Such compounds form a turbid dispersion or suspension when being subjected to the above test conditions.
The term "non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide" is meant to refer to polysaccharides that are not digested in the human gastrointestinal tract.
The term "food preparation" is meant to include any product that is suitable for human consumption including solid foods, semi-solid foods, liquid foods (beverages) and related products like chewing gum. Pharmaceuticals and food supplements as such are not to be regarded as food preparations in the context of the present invention. However, it is not excluded that food preparations may contain as one (further) ingredient substances typically found in food supplements or pharmaceuticals, such as vitamins, minerals or substances having antioxidant properties.
The term "sugar" is used in the context of the present application as a synonym for "table sugar", "sucrose" or "saccharose". The term "sugar alcohol" is used in the context of the present invention as characterizing a family of compounds including those having the general formula HOCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH, wherein n can be any number in the range of from 1 to 10 and typically 2 to 4. Typical examples of such sugar alcohols are erythritol and xylitol. The term "sugar alcohol" further refers to sugar alcohol compounds of the general type characterized above, which are linked via an ether bridge to another compound having two or more hydroxyl groups. Typical examples of such sugar alcohols are lactitol, isomalt, and maltitol. A last group of sugar alcohols are cyclic molecules of the general formula c(CHOH)m, wherein m represents a number in the range of from 5 to 8 and typically 6. An example of this type of sugar alcohols is inositol.
The term "polyol" is used in the context of the present application as having the same meaning as "sugar alcohol".
Amount indications relying on numerical ranges in the tables below are to be understood such that only those combinations of amounts are intended to be described, which add up to 100 weight% (or less than 100 weight% to allow for the presence of unmentioned additional, optional ingredients).
If point values are indicated, these are to be understood as having a margin of error of ± 10%. This also applies to indications such as "equal sweetness of sugar".
4.3. Overview and Compositional Ranges
Having regard to the above objectives, the present inventors have identified erythritol as a particularly advantageous component. It is known that erythritol has a sweetness of about 60 to 70% of the sweetness of sugar but only a very low caloric value of approximately 0.2 kcal/g. However, it is also known that erythritol exhibits a pronounced cooling effect when being dissolved in water. This cooling effect is undesirable for many practical applications and it therefore makes it difficult to use erythritol in sugar replacement compositions. The present inventors have surprisingly found that the cooling effect of erythritol can be masked by combining it with polysaccharides and especially polydextrose. Such combinations of polydextrose and erythritol are thus low in calories, sweet and exhibit a degree of cooling effect, which is acceptable. Depending on the contemplated practical use of the sugar replacement composition and the expected properties, the compositional ratio as well as the presence of optional further ingredients may be suitably chosen, for instance among the following compositions.
(a) General considerations applicable to all sugar replacement compositions
The total content of polyols in general should be in the range of 10 to 70 weight%. Within the polyol components, it is possible to use erythritol only but it is also possible to use combinations of erythritol with further polyols such as isomalt, maltitol and the like. The content of erythritol in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention is from 20 weight% to 60 weight% or, in other embodiments, from 6 to 16 weight %, preferably from 7 to 1 1 weight %, or from 16 to 30 weight %, preferably from 21 to 27 weight %, or preferably from 19 to less than 21 or from more than 21 to 23 weight %, most preferably 20 or 22 weight %.
Polysaccharides are suitable for masking the cooling effect of erythritol. Polydextrose is an essential component in this respect. Additionally, further polysaccharides may optionally be used. Such additional optional polysaccharides include, for instance, resistant maltodextrine and/ or inulin. Polydextrose is typically used in an amount of from 30 weight% to 70 weight% and preferably from 40 weight% to 60 weight%. According to another embodiment, the content of polydextrose may be from 50 to 75 weight%, preferably more than 60 weight% to 75 weight%, more preferably 61 to 70 weight%. Polydextrose contents of 61.5 to 62.5 weight% and 64 to 66 weight% are particularly preferred.
According to a first embodiment (embodiment (al)), the sugar replacement composition of the present invention has the following ingredients:
Figure imgf000013_0001
According to a preferred embodiment (a2), the sugar replacement composition of the present invention has the following ingredients: Component Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 40 - 60
Total polyol 20 - 60
Erythritol 20 - 50
(b) Sugar replacement compositions containing resistant maltodextrin
If maltodextrin is used as an additional component, its relative amount is preferably in the range of from more than 0 weight% to 6 weight% and more preferably in the range of from 3 weight% to 5 weight%. The following tables characterize a corresponding composition with resistant maltodextrin according to the present invention as well as a preferred composition including maltodextrin.
Figure imgf000014_0001
(c) Compositions of the present invention comprising fructan components.
Among the fructan components, inulin, oligofructose and agavin are preferred classes of substances. Relative amounts for each of these substances are typically in the range of from more than 0 weight% to 15 weight% wherein the total amount of fructans should be no more than 30 weight%. Preferably, each of the above-mentioned fructans is either absent completely or present in an amount of from 2 weight% to 12 weight%. It is also preferred that inulin and oligofructose are simultaneously present, wherein the amount of inulin is preferably from 6 to 10 weight%, more preferably from 7 to 9 weight% or from 8 to 12 weight% and more preferably from 9 to 11 weight%, and wherein the amount of oligofructose is preferably from 4 to 8 weight%, more preferably from 5 to 7 weight% or from 8 to 12 weight%, more preferably from 9 to 11 weight%. According to another embodiment inulin and oligofructose are simultaneously present, wherein the amount of inulin is preferably from 3 to 6 weight%, more preferably from 4 to 5.5 weight%, and wherein the amount of oligofructose is preferably from 0.5 to 4 weight%, preferably from 1 to 3 weight%. The total amount of fructans is preferably 22 weight% or less. The corresponding sample compositions according to these embodiments are summarized in the tables below. Composition (cl) Composition (c2)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Composition (c3) Composition (c4)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Composition (c5) Composition (c6)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Composition (c7) Composition (c8)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Composition (c9) Composition (clO)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Agavin >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Figure imgf000015_0001
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Composition (cl3) Composition (cl4)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 10 1-8
Oligofructose >0- 10 1-8
Agavin >0- 10 1-8
Total fructan content >0-30 3-24
(d) Sugar replacement compositions comprising resistant maltodextrin and fructans
Of course, it is also possible to combine the optional ingredients mentioned above to form sugar replacement compositions according to the present invention, which comprise both resistant maltodextrin and one or more fructan-type compounds. Suitable compositional ranges are shown in the following tables.
Composition (dl) Composition (d2)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (d3) Composition (d4)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Oligofructose >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (d5) Composition (d6) Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 2-22
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (d7) Composition (d8)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (d9) Composition (dlO)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12
Agavin >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (dll) Composition (dl2)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan content >0-30 4-24
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Composition (dl3) Composition (dl4)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 10 1-8
Oligofructose >0- 10 1-8
Agavin >0- 10 1-8
Figure imgf000018_0001
(e) Sugar replacement compositions comprising high intensity sweeteners and/ or flavour enhancers
Depending on the selected ingredients and relative amounts thereof, the sugar replacement compositions mentioned above will mostly be not as sweet as sugar. In some instances, however, it is desired to use a sugar replacement composition, which provides not only the functional characteristics of sugar, but which also provides sweetness comparable to that of sugar. According to another embodiment, the present invention therefore provides sugar replacement compositions, which further contain high intensity sweeteners and/or flavour enhancers. The relative amount of the high intensity sweetener and/ or flavour enhancer is adjusted such that the overall sweetness of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention reaches the desired level. According to one embodiment, the sweetness is exactly the same or approximately the same as that of sugar (sucrose). This means that the same sweetness effect is accomplished when using the same amount (on a weight basis) as sugar. This can be tested, for instance, by dissolving equal amounts (on a weight basis) of the sugar replacement composition and of sugar in water and by testing sweetness using a taste panel.
Alternatively, it may also be contemplated to employ an amount of high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer to accomplish a level of sweetness that is the same or approximately the same as that of sugar on a volume basis. Considering that the densities of sugar and of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention may differ from each other (depending on degree of crystallinity, granulation, etc.), a different amount of high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer may be needed to accomplish this objective.
Typically, the high intensity sweetener and/or flavour enhancer will be used in relatively small amounts such as 1 weight% or less, preferably 0.5 weight% or less. Suitable amounts for sucralose are typically in the range of from 0.1 to 0.15 weight%. Relative amounts for other high intensity sweeteners may be adjusted relying on the relative ratio of sweetness in comparison with sucralose. Flavour enhancers are typically used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 weight% and preferably 0.1 to 0.3 weight%.
Compositions with high intensity sweeteners are described in the tables below. Composition (el) Composition (e2)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 sweetener
Composition (e3) Composition (e4)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Flavour enhancer 0.05-0.5 0.1-0.3
Figure imgf000019_0001
Composition (e7) Composition (e8)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 sweetener
Composition (e9) Composition (elO)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
Flavour enhancer 0.05-0.5 0.1-0.3
Composition (ell) Composition (el 2)
Component Amount (weight%) Amount (weight%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 Total polyol 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50
Resistant Maltodextrin >0-6 3-5
High intensity >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour enhancer 0.05-0.5 0.1-0.3
Figure imgf000020_0001
Composition (el9) (e20) (e21) (e22) (e23) (e24)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e25) (e26) (e27) (e28) (e29) (e30)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
High >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 intensity
sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 - 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e31) (e32) (e33) (e34) (e35) (e36)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e37) (e38) (e39) (e40) (e41) (e42)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e43) (e44) (e45) (e46) (e47) (e48)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5 Composition (e49) (e50) (e51) (e52) (e53) (e54)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Oligofructose >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Agavin >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Total fructan >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e55) (e56) (e57) (e58) (e59) (e60)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e61) (e62) (e63) (e64) (e65) (e66)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5 Composition (e67) (e68) (e69) (e70) (e71) (e72)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e73) (e74) (e75) (e76) (e77) (e78)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e79) (e80) (e81) (e82) (e83) (e84)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5 Composition (e85) (e86) (e87) (e88) (e89) (e90)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Agavin >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Oligofructose >0- 15 2-12 >0 - 15 2-12 >0- 15 2-12
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e91) (e92) (e93) (e94) (e95) (e96)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Inulin >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Oligofructose >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Agavin >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Total fructan >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Further beneficial sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are characterized in the following tables.
Composition (e97) (e98) (e99) (elOO) (elOl) (el 02)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 50-75 61-70 50-75 61-70 50-75 61-70
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 16-30 21-27 16-30 21-27
Inulin >0- 10 1-9 >0- 10 1-8 6-10 7-9
Oligofructose >0- 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8 4-8 5-7
Resistant 0-6 0-5 0-6 0-5 0-4 0-3 maltodextrin
Figure imgf000025_0001
Composition (el03) (el 04) (el05) (el 06) (el 07) (el 08)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 50-75 61-70 50-75 61-70 50-75 61-70
Erythritol 6-70 6-50 6-16 7-11 6-16 7-11
Inulin >0 - 12 1 - 11 >0- 12 1 - 11 8-12 9-11
Oligofructose >0- 12 1 - 11 >0 - 12 1 - 11 8-12 9-11
Resistant 0-6 0-5 0-6 0-5 0-4 0-3 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
In compositions (e97) to (el08), there is preferably no additional polyol component and especially no isomalt present.
Figure imgf000025_0002
Preferred specific compositions of the present invention are characterized by the use of one of the following compositions:
Figure imgf000025_0003
Composition (18) (19) (flO)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 53.82 65.865 61.865 Resistant 4.000 5.000 4.000
maltodextrin
Oligofructose 7.000 2.000 7.000
Inulin 7.000 5.000 7.000
Isomalt 8.000 - -
Erythritol 20.000 20.000 20.000
Sucralose 0.135 0.135 0.135
(f) Sugar replacement compositions comprising further components
Additional components that may be used in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are soluble non-selective non-digestible fibers, insoluble non-selective non- digestible fibers, vitamins, minerals, health promoting bacteria and/or anti-caking agents.
If soluble and/or insoluble non-selective non-digestible fibers are employed in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, it is preferred to use them in amounts of from 0.05 weight% to 10 weight%, more preferably from 0.1 weight% to 5 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 0.15 weight% to 2.5 weight%.
If an anti-caking agent is used, it is preferable to add the anti-caking agent in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 weight% and more preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 0.3 weight%.
If a vitamin or a mineral is used, it is preferable to add these components in such small amounts that recommended daily allowances for the respective vitamins and/or minerals are not exceeded when using amounts of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, which correspond to typical daily consumptions of sugar.
The amount indications provided herein for the optional ingredients (soluble and/or insoluble non-selective non-digestible fibers, vitamins, minerals, health promoting bacteria and/or anti- caking agents) are valid in connection with all of the compositions shown in the above tables.
(g) Balance between polysaccharide components and oligosaccharide components
It may be advantageous for various reasons to select the components and relative amounts of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention such that said sugar replacement composition comprises polysaccharide components in a total amount of from 30 to 75 weight %, preferably 45 to 65 weight %, and that the total amount of oligosaccharide components is from 5 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 30 weight %.
By maintaining such a balance of oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components, it is possible to further improve the health benefits of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, to properly adjust its browning characteristics as well as its structural characteristics.
4.4. Components
4.4.1. Polydextrose
Polydextrose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose repeating units that are linked via different types of linkages, wherein 1 → 6 bonds are mainly present. Smaller amounts of other repeating units such as sorbitol and citric acid may also be present. Polydextrose is a soluble fiber that has a caloric value of only about 1 kcal/g since it is indigestible for the human body. It is also advantageous insofar as it has prebiotic properties and can mask the cooling effect of erythritol. Polydextrose is commercially available under the trade names Litesse, Sta-Lite and Winway.
4.4.2. Erythritol
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) having the IUPAC name (2R,3S)-butane-l,2,3,4-tetraol. As noted above, erythritol has a low caloric value of about 0.2 kcal/g and a sweetness that is about 60 to 70% of the sweetness of sugar. Erythritol shows less of the undesired side effects (flatulence and laxative effects) of other polyols such as maltitol. It is commercially available under a variety of different trade names.
4.4.3. Other Polyols
According to the present invention, further polyols may optionally be used in addition to erythritol. A preferred further polyol is isomalt. Isomalt is a sugar alcohol consisting of an equimolar mixture of two disaccharides, which are composed of glucose and mannitol and glucose and sorbitol, respectively. It has a caloric value of about 2 kcal/g and it is tooth friendly. Its sweetness is approximately 50% of that of sugar. However, it may lead to flatulence and it may have laxative effects on the human body. According to some embodiments of the present application, no isomalt is present. Further polyols that can optionally be used in the present invention are maltitol, xylitol, glycerin, sorbitol and others.
When using such other polyols in addition to erythritol, it is preferred to use such other polyols in an amount of from more than 0 weight% to 40 weight%, preferably more than 0 weight% to 25 weight% and even more preferably more than 0 weight% to 10 weight%. According to another embodiment, it is preferred to use isomalt in an amount of from 4 to 12 weight%, preferably in an amount of from 6 to 10 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 7 to 9 weight%.
4.4.4. Resistant Maltodextrin
Similar to polydextrose, resistant maltodextrins are polysaccharides based on glucose repeating units. Resistant maltodextrins primarily have a-(l→4) and a-(l→6) glycosidic linkages as well as further glycosidic linkages. Resistant maltodextrins are characterized by a high degree of branching. Due to this highly branched structure and the unusual linkages found in its structure, resistant maltodextrin is not digested by the human body and therefore identified as resistant maltodextrin. Maltodextrin may be present in a variety of different degrees of polymerization. Typically, resistant maltodextrin contains approximately equal amounts of oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components. Preferably, the relative amount of polysaccharide components is higher than that of oligosaccharide components, such that about 50% of the resistant maltodextrin has a degree of polymerization above 11. Resistant maltodextrin does not lead to flatulence and also has no laxative effects. Moreover, its use is advantageous because it has prebiotic properties.
4.4.5. Inulin and Oligofructose
Inulin is an oligo- and/or polysaccharide consisting of D-fructose residues. These residues are linked by P-(2→l)-linkages. These chains of fructose repeating units are terminated by a β- (2→l)-linked glucose residue. Inulin is commercially available under the trade name
Raftilin®. Inulin has prebiotic properties and is thus advantageous for the gastrointestinal health. Excessive ingestion of inulin can however lead to flatulence. The relative amount of inulin employed in the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention is therefore limited as specified above. In the context of the present invention, inulin is also advantageous as a component that is suitable for masking the cooling effect of erythritol.
Oligofructose is an oligosaccharide, wherein fructose units are linked by P-(2→l)-linkages. In fact, oligofructose can be obtained by hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation of inulin. Consequently, the degree of polymerization of oligofructose is lower than that of inulin.
Unfortunately, there is no generally accepted degree of polymerization distinguishing between inulin and oligofructose products. That is, products having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 7 to 10 are sometimes identified as inulin and sometimes as oligofructose. In the context of the present invention, the term "inulin" is used to define oligo- and polysaccharides having an average degree of polymerization of 7 or more, whereas "oligofructose" is used to define oligosaccharides having an average degree of polymerization of less than 7.
If a mixture of inulin and oligofructose is used, the relative amounts of the two components can be derived from the quantities of "inulin" and "oligofructose" starting materials that are incorporated into the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. If this information is not available, the relative amounts of "inulin" and "oligofructose" according to the above definition of the present invention can be determined by experimentally quantifying the relative amounts of the individual P-(2→l)-linked fructan components having a degree of polymerization of 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., to thereby obtain an experimentally determined distribution of degrees of polymerization; and by curve-fitting two mono-disperse distribution curves to the experimentally determined distributions of P-(2→l)-linked fructan components.
An alternative type of oligofructose is made by transfructosylation on sucrose using a β- fructosidase of Aspergillus niger. This type of oligofructose is also referred to as fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Contrary to the inulin degradation products, the fructooligosaccharides always have a terminal glucose residue. The degree of polymerization of fructooligosaccharides is typically from 3 to 5. In the context of the present invention both types of oligofructose can be used. Depending on the desired properties of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, a suitable type of oligofructose may be chosen. For instance, fructooligosaccharide is less reactive in browning reactions. Hence, if it is desired to provide a sugar replacement composition that gives rise to enhanced browning effects, e.g. in some bakery products, it may be preferred to use oligofructose that is a degradation product of inulin. On the other hand, if it is preferred to avoid (excessive) browning, the use of fructooligosaccharide may be more advantageous.
Oligofructose is commercially available under the trade name Raftilose®.
Oligofructose exhibits some sweetness, which is approximately 30 to 50% of the sweetness of sugar. Oligofructose has a low caloric value and contributes to gastrointestinal tract health. However, it may lead to flatulence. It is therefore preferred to use only relative small amounts of oligofructose in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention, as specified above.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, inulin may be present together with oligofructose, but no distinction is made between inulin and oligofructose as far as the amount indications are concerned. This means that only the combined amount of inulin and oligofructose is limited. For instance, compositions according to this further embodiment may be derived from the above compositions (c7), (c8), (cl3), (cl4), (d7), (d8), (dl3), (dl4), (e31) to (e36), (e49) to (e54), (e73) to (e78) and (e91) to (e96) by replacing the individual amount indications for inulin and oligofructose by a single amount indication for the combination of inulin and oligofructose, wherein the lower limit is obtained by adding the two individual lower limits for inulin and oligofructose, and wherein the upper limit is obtained by adding the two individual upper limits for inulin and oligofructose. The resulting compositions are referred to as compositions (c'7), (c'8), (c'13), (c'14), (d'7), (d'8), (d'13), (d'14), (e'31) to (e'36), (e'49) to (e'54), (e'73) to (e'78) and (e'91) to (e'96). For instance, compositions (e'31) to (e'36) and (e'91) to (e'96) have the following compositions:
Composition (e'31) (e'32) (e'33) (e'34) (e'35) (e'36)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Combined >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24
Inulin and
Oligofructose
Total fructan >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 >0-30 4-24 content
High intensity >0-l >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Composition (e'91) (e'92) (e'93) (e'94) (e'95) (e'96)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50
Combined >0-20 2-16 >0-20 2-16 >0-20 2-16
Inulin and
Oligofructose
Agavin >0- 10 1-8 >0 - 10 1-8 >0- 10 1-8
Total fructan >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 >0-30 3-24 content
Resistant >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 >0-6 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Of course, it is not critical for these embodiments how much of inulin and how much of oligofructose is present, as long as the combined amounts of the two components are within the specified ranges. It is even possible and within the scope of these embodiments that only inulin and no oligofructose is present (or vice versa), provided the amount of the respective component is within the range specified for the combined amount of inulin and oligofructose.
4.4.6. Agavin
Agavin is a term characterizing fructan-type oligosaccharides and polysaccharides derived from agave plants and/or dasylirion plants. The structure of agavin-type fructans is rather complex. Agavins are mainly based on fructose repeating units. The molecules are typically branched and contain blocks that are based on fructose repeating units that are linked by inulin-type P-(2→l)-linkages and other blocks based on fructose repeating units linked by levan-type P-(2→6)-linkages. Additionally, glucose repeating units are also incorporated. The origin, isolation and characterization of agavins is described, for instance, in "Agave Fructans as Prebiotics" by M.G. Lopez and J.E. Urias-Silvas in Recent Advances in Fructooligosaccharides research, 2007, 1-14 and "Water-soluble carbohydrates and fructan structure patterns from agave and dasylirion species" by N.A. Mancilla-Margalli and M.G. Lopez in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 7832-7839. Different types of agavins are known and degrees of polymerization may vary broadly at least in a range of from 3 to 32. Such agavins are prebiotic and thus contribute to gastrointestinal tract health. They may advantageously be used as a substitute for inulin and/ or oligofructose, or in addition to these other fructan-type components.
4.4.7. Total Fructans
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, one or more fructan component selected from inulin and/or oligofructose and/or agavin may be present, optionally with further fructan components (like levan-type and graminan-type compounds) as long as these further fructan components are suitable for human consumption. According to this embodiment, no distinction is made between the individual fructan components including inulin, oligofructose and/or agavin as far as the amount indications are concerned. This means that only the combined amount of agavin, inulin and/or oligofructose is limited. The following compositions may be derived from the above tables by canceling the amount indications for the individual fructan components:
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000032_0002
Composition (e"l) (e"2) (e"3) (e"4) (e"5) (e"6)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60 30-70 40-60
Total polyol 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60 10-70 20-60
Erythritol 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 10-70 20-50 Total fructan >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 >0-30 2-22 content
High intensity >0- 1 >0 - 0.5 >0-0.8 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.05 - 0.1 0.05 - 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.5 0.3 0.5
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000033_0002
Composition (e"19) (e"20) (e"21) (e"22) (e"23) (e"24)
Component Amt (wt%)
Polydextrose 40-60 40-60 40-60 40-60 40-60 40-60
Total polyol 20-60 20-60 20-60 20-60 20-60 20-60
Erythritol 20-50 20-50 20-50 20-50 20-50 20-50
Total fructan 4-24 4-24 4-24 3-24 3-24 3-24 content
Resistant 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 maltodextrin
High intensity >0 - 0.5 >0 - 0.4 >0 - 0.5 >0 - 0.4 sweetener
Flavour 0.1 - 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.3 enhancer 0.3
4.4.8. High Intensity Sweeteners
In principle, any high intensity sweetener, which is permitted for human consumption, may be used as a component of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. Suitable high intensity sweeteners and their relative sweetness compared to the sweetness of sugar are the following: cyclamate (30-50), glycyrrhizin (50), aspartame (120-200), acesulfame K (200), saccharine (250-300), stevioside (300), sucralose (600), monelline (1500-2000), neohesperidine DC (1800), alitame (2000), thaumatin (2000-3000) and neotame (8000). Sucralose is preferred. In addition to the high intensity sweeteners listed above, it is also possible to use stevia extract or monk-fruit extract. Of course, any combination of two or more high intensity sweeteners, including especially the above-mentioned high intensity sweeteners, may also be used in accordance with the present invention. Among such compositions, it is particularly advantageous to use a combination of acesulfame K and neohesperidene DC in a ratio of acesulfame K to neohesperidine DC in the range of from 9.5 to 11.5 and preferably 10.0 to 11.0. In further preferred embodiments, sucralose is used in combination with stevia extract and/or stevioside. Another preferred embodiment concerns the combination of sucralose with thaumatin. Yet another preferred combination is sucralose with thaumatin and with (stevia extract and/or stevioside).
4.4.9. Flavour Enhancers
The above-mentioned acesulfame K has an unpleasant bitter and metallic aftertaste. This unpleasant aftertaste can be masked by combining it with neohesperidene DC. There is furthermore a synergistic enhancement of the sweetness effect. Hence, neohesperidene DC acts not only as a sweetener in its own right but additionally as a flavor enhancer for acesulfame K. It thus has a dual function. Another flavor enhancer is glucono-5-lactone. Glucono-6-lactone has the effect of enhancing the sweetness sensation caused by other sweeteners. Due to the sweetness-enhancing-effects of these substances, they may also be referred to as sweetness enhancers. To avoid confusion, if a substance like neohesperidine DC has a dual function, acting as a flavor enhancer and as a high intensity sweetener, its amount is to be considered only in relation to the above amount indications for the high intensity sweetener component, and not in relation to the amount indications for the flavor enhancer component. 4.4.10. Insoluble Fibers
In some aspects of the present invention, the sugar replacement composition further comprises insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides. Examples of insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides are cellulose and hemicellulose. These polysaccharides are found inter alia in cereal fibers such as wheat fibers. The use of wheat fiber is thus contemplated in the context of the present invention. Such fibers may typically have an average length between 20 and 80 μιη. The average length preferably is in the range of from 25 to 45 μιη. The use of wheat fibers is preferred in particular in combination with the use of oligofructose. This combination may be particularly advantageous for bakery applications because advantageous crust color and brilliance may be accomplished when using this combination of components. Using wheat fibers in addition to oligofructose in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention allows to avoid the generation of a too dark crust and crumb.
The use of such insoluble non-selective non-digestible fibers also contributes to the beneficial health effects of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. In particular, such fibers aid in preventing constipation and reducing blood sugar levels in people suffer from diabetes.
4.4.11. Soluble Fibers
In addition or alternatively to the insoluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides, it is furthermore possible to use one or more soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides in the context of the present invention. As possible soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides for use in the present invention, the following may be mentioned: xanthan, tara, carrageenan, tragacanth, locust bean gum, agar, guar gum, arabic gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and pectin. The use of such polysaccharides is advantageous insofar as they contribute to an increased shelf life and softness of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. If carrageenan is used as the soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide, it is particularly preferred to use kappa carrageenan. This polysaccharide is preferably used in an amount of from 0.05 to 2 weight% and more preferably in an amount of from 0.05 to 1 weight% and most preferably in an amount of from 0.3 to 0.7 weight%. According to another preferred embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, carboxymethyl cellulose or a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose is used as the soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharide component. This type of polysaccharide is advantageous because it contributes to the accomplishment of a desired viscosity in viscous food preparations, which matches that of food preparations containing sugar.
The use of such soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides is advantageous insofar as it contributes to the beneficial health effect on the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. This is because these polysaccharides are non-selectively fermented in the colon to yield short chain fatty acids, which are helpful in preventing colon cancer and give rise to further beneficial health effects. Additionally, the use of soluble non-selective non-digestible polysaccharides may also be advantageous in suppressing flatulence and laxative effects that may be caused by other components that may be employed in the sugar replacement composition of the present invention (e.g. oligofructose or some polyols).
4.4.12. Further optional components
According to the present invention, it is furthermore possible to add yet further components, which may contribute to the advantageous properties of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention (or which may reduce undesired effects of the sugar replacement composition). For instance, it is possible in the context of the present invention to incorporate one or more anti-flatulence agents into the sugar replacement composition. As possible anti- flatulence agents, the following may be mentioned: dimethicone, activated charcoal, simethicone (i.e. dimethicone activated by Si02), chili, capsaicin, garlic, ginger, krachai, lemon grass and tumeric.
According to another embodiment, it is possible to incorporate an anti-caking agent into the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention. A typical anti-caking agent suitable for use in the present invention is Si02.
According to yet another embodiment, it is possible to incorporate allulose (also known as D- psicose) as a further sweetening ingredient. This component is available under the brand name Dolcia Prima from Tate & Lyle. It has a sweetness of 70% of sugar. If it is incorporated, the amount of high intensity sweetener or sweetness enhancer may be reduced accordingly to attain the desired target sweetness.
Further optional ingredients are vitamins, minerals and health promoting bacteria. Among the vitamins, vitamins A, B, C, E and K may for instance be used as optional components. As minerals, the following elements may for instance be used: Ca, Mg, K, P, Se, Fe and Zn. As health promoting bacteria, the following may for instance be used: probiotic species of the genera bifidobacterium and lactobacillus .
The relative amounts of these components are not particularly limited as long as these optional components do not interfere with the sugar replacement-characteristics of the composition of the present invention.
4.5. Manufacture of sugar replacement compositions
4.5.1. Mixing
The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention can be manufactured by any suitable method involving at least the step of mixing the essential ingredients. If further optional ingredients are present in the sugar replacement composition, these are also mixed with the essential sugar replacement ingredients. There is no limitation concerning the relative order of the mixing steps. It is, for instance, possible to prepare a sugar replacement composition by simultaneously mixing all the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition. Alternatively, the ingredients of the sugar replacement composition may be mixed in a sequential manner, wherein the relative order of the individual mixing steps is not limited.
The above-mentioned mixing can be performed in the solid state or in the liquid state. If solids are mixed, this can be done in any conventionally used mixer, including ribbon blender, V Blender, continuous processor, cone screw blender, screw blender, double cone blender, planetary mixer, double planetary mixer, high viscosity mixer, high shear rotor stator, dispersion mixers, paddle mixer, jet mixer, drum blenders, banbury mixer, intermix mixer, etc.
Mixing in the liquid state can be done relying on any suitable liquid medium. It is preferred to use an aqueous medium and it is particularly preferred to use water as the medium. The resulting mixture may be used as such as a sugar replacement composition of the present invention, e.g. in the form of a powdery or particulate mixture or in the form of an aqueous solution containing said mixture. Such uses may be advantageous in particular for industrial applications. Alternatively, the resulting mixture may be further processed to obtain sugar replacement compositions of other embodiments of the present invention. Such further processing steps are described below.
4.5.2. Agglomeration / Granulation / Spray drying
In another embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned solid mixture resulting from the mixing step may be subjected to an agglomeration, granulation and/or spray drying process.
There are no specific limitations as to the types of agglomeration process and/or types of granulation process and/or types of spray drying process that can be used.
A preferred agglomeration method is press agglomeration. Other agglomeration methods are also suitable for use in the present invention.
The sugar replacement composition of the present invention may be granulated to improve its handling and to reduce the formation of dust during usage. Granulation is typically effected by stirring the components of the present invention with small quantities of a suitable solvent. A preferred granulation method is wet granulation. The granulation liquid is not particularly restricted. The use of an aqueous liquid is preferred and the use of water is even more preferred but alternative solvents may also be used.. Another preferred granulation method employs an aqueous solution of dispersion of a suitable binder substance, as commonly used for instance in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. corn starch, a cellulose derivative such as methyl cellulose or gelatin. A particularly preferred wet granulation method is fluid bed granulation. Other granulation methods, such as dry granulation, etc., can also be used. According to another preferred embodiment, granulation is performed by liquid spraying. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use a spraying liquid that contains water and 0.05 to 0.2 weight% of a binder, wherein the binder is selected from cellulose and cellulose derivatives. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the spraying liquid contains water and 0.05 to 0.2 weight%, most preferably 0.1 weight% of methyl cellulose. These preferred and more preferred embodiments are advantageous due to their reduced hygroscopicity. Weight% indications for the spraying liquid characterize the amount incorporated into the sugar replacement composition and are based on the total weight of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight%.
According to another advantageous embodiment in connection with any of the above or below embodiments, it is possible to incorporate the high intensity sweetener into the spraying liquid. This option has the advantage of permitting more accurate control of the weight of high intensity sweetener that is incorporated into the sugar replacement composition of the present invention.
The particle sizes after granulation are typically in the range of from 0.1 to 2.5 mm and more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mm.
A preferred spray drying method includes the formation of a solution or a dispersion of the sugar replacement composition in a suitable solvent, which is subsequently sprayed into a drying chamber where droplets are formed and the solvent contained in the individual droplets is evaporated. The solvent is preferably an aqueous solvent and most preferably water.
4.5.3. Crystallization
As an alternative to agglomeration/granulation, it is possible to crystallize the mixture obtained in the above-mentioned mixing step. If the mixture is obtained in liquid form, crystallization can be effected using the liquid mixture as such. If the mixture is obtained in solid form, it is dissolved in a first sub-step in a suitable crystallization solvent. The crystallization solvent is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, aqueous liquids are used. The use of water is particularly preferred. Dissolution is preferably effected under stirring conditions. It is also preferred to heat the crystallization solvent/resulting solution, for instance to a temperature in the range of from 20° Celsius to 95°C, preferably 30°C to 70°C and more preferably 35°C to 55°C, wherein the heating temperature should be equal (reflux conditions) or less than the boiling point of the solvent. The relative amount of crystallization solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to permit the formation of a clear solution at the chosen temperature conditions. It is preferred to use as little crystallization solvent as possible, for instance not more than 20% of the crystallization solvent more than the amount, which is required to obtain a clear solution, more preferably not more than 10% more than the required minimum amount for obtaining a clear solution. Most preferably, the amount of crystallization solvent exceeds the minimum required amount for obtaining a clear solution by 0-5%.
After formation of the solution, crystals are formed in a next sub-step. The formation of crystals can be accomplished by cooling, evaporation and/or active nucleation by scratching the container and/or addition of seed crystals.
In a further sub-step, the crystals are separated from the mother liquor. Any method for solid- liquid separation known in the art can be employed, for instance filtration, centrifugation, etc. The resulting product can optionally be washed and/or dried.
The crystallization process can be carried out continuously or as a batch- wise process. 4.6. Properties
The sugar replacement composition of the present invention is characterized by the following advantageous properties.
(a) Sweetness
The sugar replacement composition of the present invention may exhibit a sweetness that is comparable to the sweetness of sugar (either on a weight basis or on a volume basis). According to other embodiments of the present invention, the sugar replacement composition has a sweetness that is lower than the sweetness of sugar and typically in the range of from 10 % to 95% of the sweetness of sugar preferably in the range of from 25 to 80%> of the sweetness of sugar and more preferably in the range of from 30%> to 60%> of the sweetness of sugar (on a weight basis).
(b) Structural characteristics of sugar
The sugar replacement composition of the present invention has, at least in some aspects, the same structural characteristics as sugar. This means that it allows to accomplish the same sponge-like structure in bakery products and to accomplish the same viscous structure in jams, ice creams and sorbets. (c) Browning Effect
At least in some embodiments, the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention give rise to a browning effect upon heating, which is comparable to that of sugar when being used in caramelization and/or in bakery products. As explained above, the degree of browning can be fine-tuned by adjusting the relative amount of oligosaccharide components such as ohgofructose in relation to the polysaccharide components. Moreover, addition of wheat fibers may also be contemplated in this fine-tuning process.
(d) Low caloric value
The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are generally characterized by very low caloric values. Preferred embodiments of the present invention have caloric values of 100 kcal/100 g or less and preferably 80 kcal/100 g.
(e) Low glycemic index
The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are furthermore suitable for use by diabetic patients because they are characterized by a low glycemic index.
The glycemic index of the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention is typically in the range of from 0 to 40 and preferably in the range of 10 to 30.
(f) Additional health benefits
The use of one or more prebiotic fibers in the present invention contributes to a healthy gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. That is, the growth of beneficial probiotic bacteria is advantageously supported by the consumption of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. Additionally, consumption of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention contributes to the formation of short chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. These acids are advantageous in reducing pH of the gastrointestinal tract and especially the colon in an advantageous manner. This leads to improved uptake of Ca and Mg and to a reduction of the risk of colon cancer. Further benefits are increased faecal bulk, reduced transit time and softer stools.
Yet another beneficial health effect is the reduced cariogenicity of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. In fact, there is reduced cariogenicity not only in comparison with sugar but also in comparison with other sugar replacement compositions known from the state of the art. Said reduced cariogenicity is accomplished in particular in those embodiments of the present invention, wherein neither inulin nor oligofructose are contained.
4.7. Uses
4.7.1. Consumer Product
The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention may be used as sugar replacers for the end consumer. For such applications, it is advantageous to provide a sugar replacement composition in accordance with the present invention, which has about the same sweetness as that of sugar. Local consumer habits should be considered in this respect. For instance, in many European countries, bakery recipes are provided wherein the amount of sugar is indicated on a weight basis. For such countries, it is preferred to provide a sugar replacement composition of the present invention, which exhibits the same sweetness as that of sugar on a weight basis.
Conversely, in the United States, many bakery recipes are provided with volume-based indications for the amounts of ingredients. In view of such local preferences, it is also preferred to provide the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention having a sweetness about the same as the sweetness of sugar on a volume basis. Such products may be marketed in the United States and similar countries.
Of course, it is also possible to offer a reduced sweetness product to end consumers. In this case, the degree of sweetness should be clearly indicated on the product label.
For end consumer use, it is particularly advantageous to provide a sugar replacement composition of the present invention, which is capable of achieving as many functional properties of sugar as possible. Advantageous sugar replacement compositions of the present invention are, in particular, the compositions (el) to (el 14).
4.7.2. Bakery Products
The sugar replacement composition of the present invention may be used not only by end consumer when making bakery products, but also by commercial producers of bakery producers. In both instances, it is vital to provide a sugar replacement composition exhibiting excellent structural effects and browning effects. Advantageous compositions are the compositions (e73) to (e78) and (e97) to (el 14) specified above.
4.7.3. Ice Cream and Sorbet
When using the sugar replacement composition of the present invention for the manufacture of ice creams and sorbets, it is essential to use a sugar replacement composition that provides excellent structural effects to accomplish satisfactory viscosity of the ice cream and sorbet to be produced. In this connection, the above-mentioned sugar replacement compositions (e61) to (e66) and (e97) to (el 14) are particularly advantageous.
4.7.4. Chocolate
The following ingredients are typically used as essential ingredients in the manufacture of chocolate products according to the present invention:
• Cocoa mass
• Cocoa butter
• Emulsifying agent
• Sugar replacement composition of the present invention
Cocoa mass (sometimes referred to as cocoa liquor) can be of any commercially used type. Cocoa butter can also be of any commercially used type.
According to one embodiment of the present application, it is possible to replace the cocoa butter by another source of fat such as partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The emulsifying agent can also be selected among all commercially used types. A typical example is lecithin and especially soy lecithin.
In addition to the above essential ingredients, it is furthermore possible to use additional optional ingredients, for instance to modify taste or organoleptic properties There is no limitation on such optional further ingredients (except that no sugar alcohol is to be used). Frequently used optional ingredients are milk or milk powder, vanilla flavor, salt, nuts, etc.
The following table characterizes typical amounts of the essential ingredients (in weight%):
Figure imgf000044_0001
Chocolate is made according to the following process of the present invention:
In a first step, essential ingredients and optionally present further ingredients are provided. Ingredients may be provided separately or in the form of pre-mixes. According to one embodiment, emulsifying agent and/or part of the cocoa butter are not added in the first step but only at a later stage. It is preferred to add the emulsifying agent at a later step, namely after conching. Even more preferably, the entire amount of lecithin as well as a part of the cocoa butter are added later, after the conching step.
In a next step, the ingredients are mixed. Mixing can take place simultaneously or sequentially, wherein the relative order of mixing the individual ingredients is not particularly limited. It is advantageous to mix the ingredients simultaneously. Mixing is typically done at elevated temperatures. A preferred temperature range is from 30 to 60 °C and more preferably from 40 to 50 °C. The mixture or the initially employed ingredients is/are optionally refined, i.e. milled or grinded to reduce particle size to thereby improve organoleptic properties. Of course, no grinding is necessary if the ingredients are provided already in the form of fine particles, typically having a particle size of less than 50 μιη. Any conventionally used refinement device can be employed, such as the Exakt 80S 3-rol. The temperature of the refiner rolls is advantageously set to a temperature of about 32-38°C, more preferably 34-36°C. Refinement can be performed one or more times. Number of refinement steps (e.g., one step), distance between the refiner rolls (e.g. 2-1) and the speed of the refiner rolls (e.g. 400 rpm) are preferably chosen such that the volume weighted average diameter is preferably in the range of from 7 to 20 μιη and more preferably 10 to 15 μιη. The 50th percentile, i.e. where 50% of the particles is smaller than this value, is preferably in the range of from 4 to 12 μιη and more preferably 6 to 10 μιη. The total refining time is preferably 5 to 45 min, more preferably 10 to 30 min and most preferably 20 min.
Subsequently, the mixture is conched, i.e. refined under the influence of heating and grinding forces. The duration of the conching operation can have a strong influence on the quality of the resulting chocolate. Typical conching durations are from 60 to 720 min, preferably 180 to 300 min. The conching temperature is typically in the range of from 40 °C to 90 °C, more preferably 40 °C to 80°C. In a particularly preferred embodiment, conching is performed in different stages at step-wise increased temperatures. For instance, the conching procedure may comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more steps. Advantageously, the first step is carried out at a low temperature, for instance a temperature in the range of from 40 °C to 50 °C, whereas the temperature in the subsequent steps is gradually increased, for instance by 3-15 °C per step, preferably 5-10°C per step. When manufacturing chocolate with the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, it is preferred to increase the temperature in the conching process as slowly as possible. Preferably, temperature at each conching step is maintained at a fixed temperature and temperature increases are effected at transition points between steps. The duration of individual steps may typically range from 15 min to 120 min; it is preferably in the range of from 20 min to 100 min. It is furthermore preferred to reduce the amount of lecithin in the beginning of the conching process as much as possible.
After conching, emulsifying agent such as lecithin and/or part of the cocoa butter may be added to and mixed with the warm mixture (unless all these ingredients have already been added at an earlier stage). The mixing conditions are not particularly restricted. Typical conditions are a temperature in the range from 40 to 50 °C, preferably 43 to 47 °C, mixing speed in the range from 1200 to 3600 rpm, more preferably 2000 to 2800 rpm. Duration of mixing is preferably in the range of from 15 to 45 min. It is furthermore preferred to carry out a first part of the mixing procedure under shear conditions and the second part under mixing conditions.
Subsequently, the warm mixture is preferably tempered. This process includes application of a controlled program of heating/cooling/agitation steps to thereby ensure formation of small crystals of the desired fat crystal form. There is no particular limitation on the tempering treatment. It is preferred that tempering is carried out such that the temperindex (TI), as measured on an Aasted Mikroverk Chocometer, is in the range of from 3.3 to 5.2, preferably in the range of from 3.5 to 5.0. This parameter is derived from the slope of the plateau in the temper curve. The value of the slope should be around 0 (slope »0: undertempered chocolate, slope « 0: overtempered chocolate). It is furthermore preferred to carry out tempering such that the chocolate tempering unit (CTU) is greater than 20 °C, preferably greater than 23 °C, especially in case of dark chocolate. The CTU parameter gives the temperature at which the plateau occurs in the temper curve. Higher values are associated with the presence of more stable crystals (βν crystals).
After tempering, the chocolate is typically cooled and brought into the desired shape.
When manufacturing a chocolate with the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, it is preferable to use a sugar replacement composition of the present invention having a low moisture content. Preferably, the moisture content is 3.5 weight% or less, more preferably 3 weight% or less, most preferably 2.5 weight% or less.
It is furthermore preferred to manufacture the chocolate of the invention such that it exhibits a favourable melting profile. The melting profile of the inventive chocolate can be evaluated 24 hours after tempering by using a TA Instruments Q1000 Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The sample should be subjected to the following time-temperature profile:
Equilibration at 22°C
Isothermal for 5 min
- Heating to 70°C at 5°C/min Onset temperature (i.e. start of melting), a maximum temperature and an offset temperature (i.e. end of melting) are preferably in the following ranges:
Onset temperature 2-8 °C lower than maximum temperature, preferably 4-7 °C lower than maximum temperature;
Maximum temperature 30-36 °C, preferably 31-35 °C;
Offset temperature 1 to 4 °C higher than maximum temperature, preferably 1 to 3 °C higher than maximum temperature.
The texture of the inventive chocolate can be measured at 20°C, 24 hours after tempering. A penetration test can be performed by using an Instron 5942 texture analyzer equipped with a 500N load cell. In this test, the chocolate bars are penetrated with a needle-shaped probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s and to a penetration depth of 5 mm. The maximum force that the probe experiences during the measurement is a measure for the hardness of the inventive chocolate. The maximum force of the inventive chocolate is preferably in the range of from 5 to 25 N, more preferably in the range of from 7 to 20 N and most preferably in the range of from 10 to 15 N.
The above-mentioned compositions (e55) to (e60) and (e97) to (el 14) are advantageously used for chocolate applications.
4.7.5. Other Desserts
Mousses, creams and related desserts can also be manufactured using the sugar replacement composition of the present invention. In this case, it is advantageous to select a sugar replacement composition of the present invention with excellent structural characteristics to optimize the viscosity of the product. Therefore, the above-mentioned compositions (el 9) to (e24) and (e97) to (el 14) are advantageously used for chocolate applications.
4.7.6. Non-Sweet Foods
The sugar replacement compositions of the present invention may also find application in non-sweet foods. This may be advantageous, for instance, in view of the structural properties of the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention. Possible applications are, for instance, salad dressings and sauces for readymade foods. For such uses in non-sweet foods, it may be particularly advantageous to employ sugar replacement compositions of the present invention, which exhibit only a reduced sweetness in comparison with the sweetness of sugar, e.g. a sweetness of from 10% to 70% of the sweetness of sugar. For this reason, the following above-mentioned compositions may be particularly advantageous: (dl) to (dl4).
4.7.7. Beverages
When using the sugar replacement compositions of the present invention in beverages, the structural characteristics and browning effects of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention are of less relevance. Instead, the main focus of the sugar replacement composition will be on its sweetening properties and its health benefits. Consequently, the following above-mentioned compositions may be particularly advantageous: (el) to (e96) and (e97) to (el l4).
4.7.8. Chewing Gum and related Sweets
Depending on the type of chewing gum/ sweet to be manufactured, structural characteristics of the sugar replacement composition of the present invention may or may not be of relevance. The above-mentioned health benefits are certainly advantageous. Sweetness will in most applications be of importance, too. It is therefore preferred to rely on the following sugar replacement compositions of the present invention described above: (el) to (e96) and (e97) to (el 14).
4.8. Examples 4.7.1 Example 1 - Biscuits and ice cream
A sugar replacement composition of the present invention was manufactured by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts specified below:
Ingredient Amount (g)
Polydextrose 53.865
Resistant maltodextrin 4.0
Fructo-oligosaccharide 10.0
Inulin 10.0
Sucralose 0.135
Erythritol 22.0 The sweetness of the resulting sugar replacement composition is approximately the same as that of sugar on a weight basis. The resulting sugar replacement composition was tested by incorporating it into biscuits and ice cream. The following beneficial effects were observed: The biscuits containing the exemplified sugar replacement composition exhibited a crunchiness that was better than that of comparative biscuits based on the same recipe (except for using sugar instead of the exemplified sugar replacement composition). The ice cream containing the exemplified sugar replacement composition exhibited a very good texture. In particular, it was easier to scoop the ice cream with the exemplified sugar replacement composition than the comparative ice cream based on the same recipe (except for using sugar instead of the exemplified sugar replacement composition).
4.7.2 Example 2 - Study of glycemic index
Summary: In this study, the glycemic index (GI) of composition (f8), is compared to that of glucose 25 g, a standard sugar-loaded drink used in the oral glucose tolerance test to detect diabetes, as primary endpoint. Composition (f8) is composed of non-digestible, water soluble fibers. Ten healthy, female non-obese volunteers received glucose and Composition (f8), albeit by an interval of a week. Evolution of glycemia, C-peptide and insulin release was measured at different time-points after intake.
The results show that, when calculating the mean incremental Area Under the Curve (AUC), the AUC of glucose was around five times as high as that of Composition (f8); a GI of 22 for Composition (f8) was calculated. Furthermore, Composition (f8) had no significant effect on the glycemia, contrary to glucose, for at least 60'. This was also the case concerning C-peptide and insulin release, but the difference lasted even for 180'. Moreover, Composition (f8) was perceived as sweet by all volunteers.
In conclusion, Composition (f8) is a viable alternative for fast sugars and other sweetening agents, both for diabetic patients and other subjects.
Detailed description of study: The glycemic index (GI) is a tool to rank the capacity of foods to raise glycemia after a meal. Food with a low GI is preferred in diabetic patients, as regulation of the glycemia is primordial. High Gl-containing food is known to lead to fast, high and longstanding postprandial hyperglycemia, making it more difficult to control diabetes and prevent complications (1-4). Sweetening agents are sugar substitutes that are artificially designed to replace fast sugars. They are generally used in diabetic patients due to their low GI and their sweet taste. They do not cause a postprandial hyperglycemia and are therefore good agents to obtain glucose control, contrary to fast sugars. One problem with these agents is that in some cases, health concerns on the long term have been raised. Also, these agents are not all perceived as sweet by all patients, as sweetness can be accompanied by other tastes, inherent to the molecule (5,6). A higher GI is also linked to many pathological conditions in non-diabetic individuals, and is thought to give rise to obesity and diabetes (even after risk correction for obesity) (7-9), cancer (10) and cognitive functioning (11), also in children (12). Moreover, in pregnancy, food intake with a higher GI is linked to the development of obesity and metabolic disturbances in the newborn (13,14). This appears also to be the case with sugar-sweetened beverages. Sweetening agents have been shown to diminish those risks, even in the absence of diabetes (15-18). In this study, a novel sweetening agent, Composition (f8), is tested for its GI, as compared to glucose. Glycemia, C- peptide release and insulinemia after ingestion are assessed. Moreover, the sweet taste of Composition (f8) is tested on healthy volunteers.
Materials and methods
Subjects
A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial was conducted in the University Hospital Brussel (UZ Brussel), Belgium. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Ten healthy female adult volunteers with normal insulin secretory beta cell function and normal insulin sensitivity participated in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetes in first degree relatives, intake of medication which influences blood glucose levels, pregnancy or breastfeeding, or people following a diet for weight loss.
Study design and procedures
After selection, healthy volunteers were split in two groups of five subjects. Group 1 received glucose 25g (Glucomedics) solved in 100 ml water (standard drink), while group 2 received 25g Composition (f8) solved in 100 ml water. Both drinks had to be taken in a time period of 5'. Subjects had to have fasted for 8 hours prior to testing. Blood samples for glucose and insulin were taken at -15' and 0'. Blood samples for glucose, insulin and C-peptide were taken at 15', 30', 60', 90', 120' and 180' after the start of the intake. After one week interval, groups were switched and the same procedure took place.
Outcomes
The primary outcome of this study is comparison of the GI of glucose and Composition (f8), by means of calculating the AUC. The secondary endpoints are the evaluation of glucose and insulin levels after ingestion of either glucose or Composition (f8), in each group, as well as the subjective evaluation of sweetness of Composition (f8) by each subject.
Statistical analysis
Baseline subject characteristics are expressed as mean with standard deviations. The primary outcomes measured were the differences between changes from baseline for glucose, plasma C-Peptide and insulin after intake of glucose and Composition (f8). The differences between changes from baseline were analyzed by using the Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The glycemic index was calculated by expressing each participant's glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for both intake with glucose and Composition (f8) according to a previously described formula (19). Results are reported as mean ±standard error of the mean (SEM). The significance of differences was calculated by using the Mann-Whitney-U test. All statistical tests were performed two-sided at the 5% level of significance.
Results
All participants completed the study. Volunteers took either glucose or Composition (f8), and blood samples were taken at different timepoints. The incremental Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucose as compared to Composition (f8) was calculated (Figure 1). For glucose, the mean iAUC was 2262 ± 431. For Composition (f8), the mean iAUC was 353 ± 77.
An expected 360% increase of glycemia after ingestion with glucose was measured, but this increase was minor with Composition (f8) (plus 40%>). After 60', glycemia after glucose had fallen again to a level not significantly different from that with Composition (f8) (Figure 2, upper panel). Plasma C-peptide was elevated after glucose during 180 min the last timepoint measured (Figure 2, middle panel). This was also the case with insulin secretion after intake (Figure 2, lower panel). In contrast, no significant increase of plasma C-peptide and insulin levels were measured after intake of Composition (f8). Moreover, at 180', plasma glucose was slightly lower after intake of glucose (6 mg/dl) than after intake of Composition (f8) (Fig. 2 , upper panel), presumably reflecting the strong stimulus of insulin secretion after intake of glucose. All volunteers tended to designate Composition (f8) as sweet. No volunteer remarked an added taste or aftertaste (data not shown).
Discussion
This study shows that a novel sweetening agent, Composition (f8), can be used as a replacement for fast sugars, as it has a low GI. Its taste is perceived as sweet and it has no effect on postprandial glycemia, C-peptide release and insulinemia, unlike fast sugars. The fact that postprandial glycemia is not altered by Composition (f8), is important because both the GI as the glycemia itself are thought of having an effect on a patient's overall health, as well as their well-being. Moreover, insulinemia is not altered, which is the case with the standard drink glucose as well as food with a higher GI. Hyperinsulinemia has been correlated with a higher prevalence of increase appetite and weight gain, (pre)diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer (see Introduction). By consequence, Composition (f8)'s non- metabolic disturbance is of significant importance. The GI is typically low to 0 in sweetening agents, as they are artificially designed to replace fast sugars. Biochemically, they are multiple times as sweet as normal fast sugars. The problem with many sweetening agents is that their overall taste is not universally appreciated by all patients. Another advantage of Composition (f8) is that one dose is composed of only 25 g of carbohydrates, as compared to classical food (bread, potatoes).
In conclusion, Composition (f8) is a novel sweetening agent that can be used as an alternative to fast sugars, both in diabetic and other patients.
References:
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Claims

5. Claims
1. Sugar replacement composition comprising
polydextrose, and at least one polyol,
wherein the content of the at least one polyol is from 10 weight% to 70 weight%, wherein at least one of the polyol components is erythritol,
wherein the content of erythritol is from 10 weight% to 70 weight%,
and optionally a sweetening component comprising one or more sweeteners selected from high intensity sweeteners, and
sweetness enhancers
wherein all weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
2. Sugar replacement composition according to claim 1 , wherein said sugar replacement composition further comprises resistant maltodextrin, wherein said resistant maltodextrin is present in an amount of up to 6 weight %.
3. Sugar replacement composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said sugar replacement composition further comprises a fructan, wherein said fructan component comprises one or more components selected from inulin, oligofructose and agavin and wherein said agavin, inulin and/or oligofructose are present in a combined amount of from more than 0 to 30 weight %.
4. Sugar replacement composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises oligosaccharide components and polysaccharide components such that the total amount of polysaccharide components is from 30 to 75 weight %, preferably 45 to 65 weight %, and the total amount of oligosaccharide components is from 5 to 45 weight %, preferably 10 to 30 weight %, wherein the weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
5. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less, of inulin, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
6. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises more than 0 to 15 weight % or less of oligofructose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
7. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of claims lto 6, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 60 weight %, of polydextrose, wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
8. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises one or more of the following components:
more than 0 to 10 weight %, of oligofructose,
more than 0 to 10 weight % of agavin, and/or
more than 0 to 15 weight % of inulin,
wherein the weight % indication is based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
9. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said oligofructose is fructo-oligosaccharide that has a DP between 3 to 5.
10. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises in addition to the polyol component
- 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose,
more than 0 to 15 weight %, of inulin,
- more than 0 to 15 weight %, of oligofructose,
- 3 to 5 weight % of resistant maltodextrin,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
- 30 to 60 weight %, preferably 40 to 55 weight %, of polydextrose,
- more than 0 to 10 weight % inulin,
- more than 0 to 10 weight % oligofructose,
3 to 5 weight % resistant maltodextrin, and
more than 0 to 10 weight % of agavin,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose,
6 to 10 weight %, preferably 7 to 9 weight % of inulin,
4 to 8 weight %, preferably 5 to 7 weight % of oligofructose,
0 to 4 weight %, preferably 0 or 1 to 3 weight% of resistance maltodextrin, and wherein the polyol component contains 16 to 30 weight %, preferably 21 to 27 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose,
8 to 12 weight %, preferably 9 to 11 weight % of inulin,
8 to 12 weight %, preferably 9 to 11 weight % of oligo fructose,
0 to 4 weight %, preferably 0 weight% of resistance maltodextrin, and
wherein the polyol component contains 6 to 16 weight %, preferably 7 to 11 weight
% erythritol and preferably no isomalt,
or wherein said sugar replacement composition comprises
50 to 75 weight%, preferably than 60 to 75 weight %, more preferably 61 to 70 weight % of polydextrose,
3 to 9 weight %, preferably 4 to 8 weight % of inulin,
0.5 to 9 weight %, preferably 1 to 8 weight % of oligofructose,
2 to 9 weight %, preferably 3 to 8 weight% of resistant maltodextrin, and
wherein the polyol component contains 16 to 24 weight %, preferably 18 to 22 weight % erythritol and preferably no isomalt or 4 to 12 weight%, preferably 6 to 10 weight% isomalt,
wherein the weight % indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
11. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims, whereby said sugar replacement composition comprises 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of insoluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide and/or 0.01 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 3 weight % of soluble, non selective, non digestible polysaccharide, wherein the weight indications are based on the total of the sugar replacement composition being 100 weight %.
12. Sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a high intensity sweetener is present, which is selected from the group consisting of acesulfame K, neohesperidine DC, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, alitame, thaumatine, cyclamate, glycyrrhizin, stevioside/stevia extract and monk fruit extract, or is a combination of high intensity sweeteners containing two or more of the listed high intensity sweeteners.
13. Sugar replacement composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sugar replacement composition comprises glucono-5-lacton, preferably in an amount between 0.10 and 0.20 weight %, wherein the weight indication is based on the weight of the sugar replacement composition representing 100 weight %.
14. Food preparation, in particular beverage, cream, ice cream, pastry cream, yoghurt, dairy product based desert, chocolate, jam, chewing gum or marmalade, containing or obtainable with the sugar replacement composition according to one of the preceding claims.
15. Process for producing the sugar replacement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the step of granulating by means of liquid spraying, press agglomeration and/or spray-drying.
16. Process for producing a food preparation, comprising the step of mixing the sugar replacement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 with one or more food ingredients and/or the step of adding the sugar replacement composition to an intermediate product.
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