WO2016095802A1 - Contactless card and communication and power supply method thereof - Google Patents

Contactless card and communication and power supply method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016095802A1
WO2016095802A1 PCT/CN2015/097387 CN2015097387W WO2016095802A1 WO 2016095802 A1 WO2016095802 A1 WO 2016095802A1 CN 2015097387 W CN2015097387 W CN 2015097387W WO 2016095802 A1 WO2016095802 A1 WO 2016095802A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bluetooth
module
power
bluetooth communication
contactless card
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/097387
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
丁励
Original Assignee
珠海艾派克微电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2016095802A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016095802A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0707—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a contactless card and a communication and power supply method thereof.
  • a traditional USB flash drive uses a standard USB interface
  • a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone often uses a mini USB or a micro USB interface. Since the interface and the transmission protocol do not correspond, the mobile terminal such as a mobile phone cannot conveniently read the U directly. Information on the disk. Mobile hard drives also have problems in that they cannot easily read information.
  • a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone can access a data source of the hard disk through its own Bluetooth module or WiFi module, and can also provide a large-capacity information source to a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, but this needs to be given
  • the hard disk is equipped with a battery to provide sufficient electric power, and the hard disk volume of the battery is increased, which is not convenient to carry.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • NFC business card An electronic business card (NFC business card) using NFC technology.
  • these NFC business cards can print master information (such as names, positions, telephones, etc.) on both sides of the business card, and an NFC module is embedded inside the business card.
  • master information such as names, positions, telephones, etc.
  • NFC is a short-range high-frequency radio technology that operates at 13.56 megahertz (MHz) with a communication distance of typically 10 cm and a connection time of less than 1 second.
  • MHz 13.56 megahertz
  • its transmission speed is 106 kilobits (kbit) / sec, 212 kbit / sec or 424 kbit / sec.
  • NFC has passed ISO/IEC18092 international standard, EMCA-340 Standard and ETSI TS 102 190 standard.
  • NFC uses both active and passive read modes. Since the NFC is a point-to-point communication and the communication distance is short, the user can conveniently control the range of reading the NFC business card, and the information in the NFC business card is prevented from being acquired by others without consent, and has high security.
  • the existing NFC control chip has a capacity of only a few kilobytes (Kilobyte, KB) to several tens of kilobytes, and is only suitable for storing plain text information.
  • Kilobyte, KB kilobytes
  • multimedia technology people hope that NFC business cards can carry multimedia information such as pictures, sounds and even videos. Such NFC business cards can spread more information to other people and improve the attention of business card recipients.
  • the storage of multimedia information requires a larger storage capacity in units of megabytes (MB), although simply expanding the storage capacity of the NFC business card can solve the capacity problem, even with the current maximum transmission speed of 424 kbit.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art high-capacity non-contact card transmission speed, high cost, and large volume resulting in poor convenience.
  • the present invention first provides a contactless card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module is configured to receive an external modulated signal and/or carrier signal and according to the modulated signal and/or carrier signal The DC voltage is output; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source for Bluetooth communication with the outside.
  • the Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
  • the contactless card comprises: a power storage module for charging by using a DC voltage output by the NFC module, and powering the Bluetooth communication module independently or together with the NFC module.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
  • the NFC module comprises: a coupling antenna for receiving an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal; and a conversion circuit for rectifying and regulating the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal received by the coupled antenna, The DC voltage is output.
  • the Bluetooth communication module includes: a Bluetooth antenna for transmitting a Bluetooth signal to the outside or receiving an external Bluetooth signal; and a Bluetooth main control module for accessing the DC voltage as a working power source for modulation generation to the outside The Bluetooth signal transmitted and/or demodulated from the externally received Bluetooth signal.
  • the Bluetooth master module is configured to reduce transmit power, reduce communication rate or reduce receive sensitivity to reduce power consumption.
  • the Bluetooth master module further comprises an internal memory for storing data for the Bluetooth communication; the internal memory has a capacity greater than 200 kilobytes.
  • said contactless card comprises: an external memory; said Bluetooth master module further comprising an internal memory; said external memory and said internal memory for storing data for said Bluetooth communication, said external memory
  • the total internal memory capacity is greater than 200 kilobytes.
  • the present invention also provides a communication method for a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and according to the modulated signal and And/or the carrier signal outputs a DC voltage; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source; and the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside.
  • the Bluetooth communication module when the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is reduced, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
  • the present invention also provides a power supply method for a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and according to the modulated signal and / or the carrier signal outputs a DC voltage; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source.
  • the Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
  • the method comprises: charging a built-in power storage module of the contactless card with a DC voltage output by the NFC module, using the power storage module independently or together with the NFC module Bluetooth
  • the communication module supplies power.
  • the Bluetooth communication module when the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is reduced, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
  • the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the non-contact card transmission speed in the prior art, and can effectively utilize the capacity of the contactless card, so that the contactless card can store rich information at the same time. It can transmit information at high speed.
  • the non-contact card of the invention has low energy consumption, does not need to set the battery independently, improves the portability and security of the contactless card, and does not need to charge the non-contact card during the use of the user, thereby avoiding the contactless card being Carry the risk of running out or running out of power.
  • 1 to 7 are respectively schematic views showing the construction of various non-contact cards according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication connection between a contactless card and a mobile terminal in an application according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a communication method of a contactless card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a method for powering a contactless card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steps involved in the method of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings may be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions.
  • a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention is embodied in the flow chart shown
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a certain logical sequence at the time of execution, but in general, the logical order is limited to the embodiment shown by the flowchart. In other embodiments of the present invention, the logical order of the technical solutions of the present invention may also be implemented in a manner different from that shown in the accompanying drawings.
  • the contactless card referred to in the present invention refers to a power supply that does not depend on a built-in battery or a power storage module, and does not need to be connected to a power supply through a wire, and only supplies power from a wireless RF signal from the power supply.
  • An electronic card that can work normally; of course, in order to work stably with a contactless card, on the basis of extracting electric energy from a wireless radio frequency signal, a battery or a storage capacitor is added to the non-contact card to assist the work. It should still fall within the scope of the contactless card of the present invention.
  • the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a coupling antenna 11 , a conversion circuit 12 , a Bluetooth main control module 13 and a Bluetooth antenna 14 .
  • the coupling antenna 11 is for receiving an external modulated signal having a central oscillation frequency of a first frequency and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • the conversion circuit 12 is connected to the coupling antenna 11 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
  • the Bluetooth master module 13 is connected to the Bluetooth antenna 14 and the conversion circuit 12, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 12 as an operating power source.
  • the coupling antenna 11 in the present invention receives a modulation signal and/or a carrier signal whose center oscillation frequency is the first frequency, and includes a modulation signal and/or a carrier whose center oscillation frequency is close to the first frequency.
  • the signal, or the center oscillation frequency is a modulated signal and/or carrier signal near the first frequency.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is applicable to any frequency in a certain preset frequency range.
  • the first frequency may be 13.56 MHz, or may be a frequency range centered on 13.56 MHz.
  • the modulated signal refers to a signal that has been modulated and added with information to be transmitted.
  • the carrier signal refers to a signal that has not been modulated and does not contain information that needs to be transmitted.
  • the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by means of a power supply acquisition circuit in the NFC module when applied.
  • the NFC communication system includes an NFC reader and a corresponding NFC tag.
  • the circuit structure in the NFC tag is described as an NFC module, and each of the NFC reader and the NFC tag includes a coupling antenna for communicating and transmitting power.
  • the coupling antenna 11 of the present embodiment has a coil for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • the external modulated signal and/or unmodulated carrier signal referred to herein refers to a modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal transmitted by the NFC reader/writer to the NFC tag, and the NFC reader/writer can be disposed on a fixed terminal. It can also be set on a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone.
  • the contactless card realized by the power supply acquisition circuit of the NFC module acquires electric energy from the NFC reader through the coupling antenna 11.
  • the carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz
  • the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna 11 is 13.56MHz close, due to system deviation, the coupled antenna may also receive and process modulated signals or carrier signals containing a certain frequency range of 13.56MHz (such as the frequency is within 13.56MHz plus or minus 10%).
  • the external modulation signal is generally sent by the above NFC reader/writer.
  • the NFC reader/writer is generally disposed on a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone.
  • the NFC reader periodically transmits a carrier signal or a modulated signal (ie, a card seek command or a search command) periodically (for example, every 0.5 seconds) to search for nearby NFC tags without continuously transmitting.
  • Carrier signal when the NFC reader/writer needs to transmit signals to the outside, the carrier signal is modulated, and the information to be transmitted is added to form a modulated signal.
  • the non-continuous transmission of the carrier signal is set from the viewpoint of energy saving, and thus the present invention does not exclude the case where the NFC reader continuously transmits the carrier signal.
  • the conversion circuit 12 converts the received AC signal into a DC voltage to provide operating power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the conversion circuit 12 includes a rectifying portion and a voltage stabilizing portion, and the rectifying portion converts the alternating current voltage into a positive voltage having a large ripple voltage, which is generally implemented by a rectifier bridge.
  • the voltage regulator partially smoothes the ripple voltage, making the output voltage stable and gentle, ensuring the stability of the Bluetooth master module and the NFC module.
  • a conventional method is to use an LDO (Low Dropout Regulator) circuit as a voltage stabilizing unit.
  • LDO Low Dropout Regulator
  • the advantages of LDO are low noise and low quiescent current.
  • a DC/DC conversion circuit can also be used as the voltage stabilization unit.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit is a type of switching power supply circuit. The advantage is that it is more efficient than the LDO, but the disadvantage is that the ripple noise is relatively large.
  • the DC/DC converter circuit can reduce the power loss during voltage regulation.
  • the Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention has a similar structural composition to the existing Bluetooth main control module, and mainly includes a link layer, a radio frequency signal processing unit (RF), and a storage unit (EEPROM, flash memory). , phase change memory, ferroelectric memory, ROM, ERPOM, MTP, etc.) and control unit (CPU and RAM).
  • RF radio frequency signal processing unit
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory phase change memory
  • ferroelectric memory ferroelectric memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • ERPOM Phase change memory
  • MTP magnetic tape
  • CPU and RAM control unit
  • the storage unit in the Bluetooth main control module can be integrated into the Bluetooth main control module, such as an embedded flash memory, or can be an external storage device, such as an external SD card.
  • the Bluetooth master module is mainly used to process and respond to signals received from the Bluetooth antenna.
  • the main difference between the Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention and the existing Bluetooth main control module is that the Bluetooth main control module of the present invention uses the DC voltage outputted by the conversion circuit as the working power source.
  • the power supplied by the converter is small, so the Bluetooth main control module of the present invention and the conventional Bluetooth communication module (including the completeness of the Bluetooth antenna)
  • the Bluetooth device is different, and its overall power consumption should be smaller than that of the standard Bluetooth communication module.
  • the present invention can reduce the blue by reducing the transmit power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity.
  • the power consumption of the dental master module can reduce the blue by reducing the transmit power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity.
  • the Bluetooth master module of the present invention is configured such that the decibel value of the transmit power is no more than -1 dBm.
  • the effective communication distance is: 30m, 10m. , 7 meters and 3 meters.
  • the communication distance suitable for the application of the present invention is generally less than 1 meter. For example, when applied, the distance between the mobile terminal and the contactless card is only 10 cm or less.
  • Lfs is the transmission loss in dB; d is the transmission distance in km; f is the operating frequency, and the unit is calculated in MHz.
  • the wave propagation loss (also known as attenuation) in free space is only related to the operating frequency f and the propagation distance d.
  • the so-called free space propagation refers to the propagation of electric waves around an infinite vacuum around the antenna, which is an ideal propagation condition.
  • the radio wave communication distance is related to the transmission power, the receiving sensitivity, and the operating frequency. Assuming that the communication distance between the contactless card and the mobile terminal of the present invention is 10 cm and the signal propagates in free space, the transmission loss of the Bluetooth communication signal (carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz) can be calculated according to the above formula:
  • the transmission loss is a certain value
  • the higher the transmission power the farther the effective communication distance is. Therefore, considering the short-distance application environment of the contactless card of the present invention, reducing the transmission power is a way to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module without causing communication interruption.
  • the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module of the mobile terminal may be different, and the receiving sensitivity is high, the transmitting power of the Bluetooth main control module of the contactless card may be configured to be smaller.
  • the receiving sensitivity is relatively poor, it is necessary to increase the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module to ensure Bluetooth communication. Will not be interrupted. Therefore, the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module of the contactless card cannot be configured too small.
  • the Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention has a transmit power configured to have a decibel value of less than 0 dBm and not more than -1 dBm, and may be configured to be configured between -1 dBm and -99 dBm (which may be equal to -1 dBm or -99dBm), for example -3dBm, -15dBm, -20dBm, -30dBm, -40dBm, -50dBm, -60dBm, -80dBm, even configured to be as low as -110dBm, so as to minimize the effective communication Energy consumption.
  • the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module In order to improve the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module, it is generally necessary to introduce a more complicated algorithm, or increase the number of stages or amplification of the signal amplifying circuit, etc., which will cause an increase in the circuit scale, thereby increasing the power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module. Therefore, by reducing the complexity of the algorithm, reducing the number of stages of the signal amplifying circuit or the amplification factor, the receiving sensitivity can be reduced, and the power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module can be reduced.
  • the storage unit of the Bluetooth main control module can store various information contained in the business card in a general sense, such as name, address, telephone, position, and website address.
  • various multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations, and videos can be stored. , as well as documents, software, etc., especially in the business application level of corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos and other comprehensive media information content.
  • the storage unit of the present invention needs to store some or all of the multimedia information listed above, and therefore, it is necessary to use a memory larger than tens of bytes in the prior art, and preferably, the present invention
  • the storage unit is a memory greater than or equal to 200 kilobytes, such as 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, 4 Mbytes, etc., or a larger capacity storage unit.
  • the application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage unit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction.
  • the brochure you can store information about these items in the storage unit.
  • information on various dishes such as materials, tastes, prices, pictures, and eating methods can be stored in the storage unit.
  • the storage unit can store a richer content such as a greeting, a specific happy event, and the like than the existing paper material.
  • the storage unit generally stores basic attribute information about the Bluetooth master module, such as Bluetooth device name and address information.
  • the non-contact card of the present invention solves the power supply problem, thereby avoiding setting a battery or an external connection on the contactless card. Power supply.
  • the Bluetooth master module can be configured to have a transmit power decibel value of no more than -1 dBm.
  • the receiving sensitivity is above -80 dBm, and the non-contact card of the present invention needs to be close to a reader such as a mobile phone when used, and the communication distance is about 10 cm or less (ie, 0 to 10 cm). Therefore, in order to reduce the Bluetooth module of the present invention.
  • the power consumption also ensures that the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) in the range of about 30cm from the contactless card is greater than -80dBm, and the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module is not more than -1dBm. .
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a contactless card including a coupling antenna 21 having a center oscillation frequency of 13.56 MHz, a conversion circuit 22, and a wireless communication module having a carrier frequency higher than 13.56 MHz. twenty three.
  • the coupling antenna 21 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • the conversion circuit 22 is connected to the coupling antenna 21 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and/or the carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
  • the wireless communication module 23 is connected to the conversion circuit 22, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 22 as an operating power source, and is configured to perform wireless communication using a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz.
  • the coupling antenna 21 has a coil for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • the contactless card obtains electrical energy from the NFC reader through the coupling antenna 21, and the carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz, and the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna 21 should be close to this, due to system deviation, coupling
  • the antenna may also receive and process modulated or carrier signals with frequencies between plus or minus 10% of 13.56 MHz.
  • a communication system using a frequency of 13.56 MHz as a carrier, and an RFID (radio frequency identification) communication system the external modulated signal and carrier signal can also come from the RFID reader.
  • the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
  • the conversion circuit 22 is connected to the coupling antenna 21 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and the carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
  • the conversion circuit 22 converts the received AC signal into a DC voltage to provide operating power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the conversion circuit 22 includes a rectifying portion and a voltage stabilizing portion, and the rectifying portion converts the alternating current voltage into a positive voltage having a large ripple voltage, and the voltage stabilizing portion smoothes the ripple voltage, so that the output voltage is stable and gentle.
  • the wireless communication module 23 uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 22 as an operating power source.
  • the wireless communication module 23 is configured to communicate wirelessly using a carrier above 13.56 MHz.
  • the coupled antenna is a 125 kHz coupled antenna
  • the wireless communication module 23 is configured to communicate wirelessly using a carrier above 125 kHz.
  • the wireless communication mode can be reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity.
  • the power consumption of the block can be reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity.
  • the application of the contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention that is, the communication distance is generally considered.
  • the transmission power of the wireless communication module can be reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption of the wireless communication module 23.
  • the receiving sensitivity is generally about -80 dBm, and the individual ultra-high sensitivity can reach -97 dBm. Therefore, under the assumption that the receiving sensitivity of the receiver of the mobile terminal is generally -80 dBm high sensitivity, the transmission power of the wireless communication module can be reduced as much as possible.
  • the transmit power is small enough to ensure that the communication is not interrupted.
  • the wireless communication module 23 is configured to use any carrier at a preset distance from the wireless communication module 23 when a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz is used to transmit a signal (with a contactless card as the center, the radius is preset)
  • the RSSI value of any point on the spherical surface of the distance is not more than -100 dBm.
  • the preset distance may be from 0.1 centimeters (cm) to 10 cm, or a distance closer than 0.1 cm, or a distance further than 10 cm, which may be set according to practical applications.
  • the wireless communication module 23 of the present invention can be a module for wireless communication using a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz, such as a Bluetooth communication module, a Zigbee communication module or a WiFi communication module, and the communication speed is higher than the existing NFC communication speed, so it can be overcome The disadvantage of the slow communication speed of the contactless card in the prior art.
  • ZigBee is a low-power wireless connection technology based on IEEE802.15.4 standard, and can work in three frequency bands of 2.4 GHz (global popular), 868 MHz (popular in Europe) and 915 MHz (popular in the US); WiFi communication
  • the module is a Wireless Fidelity communication device based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
  • the wireless communication module 23 includes a composition included in a conventional wireless communication module such as a communication antenna, a storage unit, and a main control unit.
  • the main control unit receives a modulated signal with a carrier frequency higher than 13.56 MHz and a transmission modulation through the communication antenna.
  • the signal, the main control unit demodulates and processes the modulated signal, and modulates the data that needs to be sent out as needed.
  • the storage unit of the wireless communication module 23 can store information contained in a business card in a general sense, such as a name, an address, a phone, a job, a website address, and the like. Further, since the contactless card of the present invention is a large-capacity card, In addition to these simple text messages, you can also store various multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations and videos, as well as documents, software, etc., especially in the business application level of corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos, etc. Integrate the content of multiple media information. The application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage unit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction.
  • the storage unit typically stores basic attribute information about the wireless communication module 23, such as device name and address information.
  • the storage unit of the wireless communication module needs to store some or all of the multimedia information listed above, and therefore, it is necessary to use a memory larger than tens of bytes in the prior art, and preferably, the present invention
  • the storage unit of the wireless communication module is a memory larger than or equal to 200 kilobytes, for example, 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, and 4 Mbytes, or a larger capacity. Storage unit.
  • the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module.
  • the NFC module includes a 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 and a conversion circuit 32.
  • the Bluetooth communication module includes a Bluetooth main control module 34 and Bluetooth. Antenna 33.
  • the 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • a coupled antenna generally referred to by those skilled in the art has a coil.
  • the conversion circuit 32 is coupled to the 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 for rectifying and stabilizing the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
  • the conversion circuit converts the received AC voltage to a DC voltage to provide power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the Bluetooth master module 34 is connected to the conversion circuit 32, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 32 as the operating power source.
  • the Bluetooth master module 34 connected to the Bluetooth antenna 33, is used on the one hand to demodulate the modulated signal received from the Bluetooth antenna 33 and to modulate the data to be transmitted via the Bluetooth antenna 33.
  • data is read from its own internal memory or written into its own internal memory. That is, the internal memory in the Bluetooth master module 34 is used to store data for Bluetooth communication.
  • embodiments of the present invention may also add external memory 35 as shown in FIG. 3 to store data for Bluetooth communication in conjunction with internal memory in Bluetooth master module 34.
  • the external memory 35 is connected to the conversion circuit 32 and the Bluetooth main control module 34, and receives the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 32 as an operating power source.
  • the internal memory of the Bluetooth master module 34, together with the external memory 35 may be collectively referred to as a memory for storing data for Bluetooth communication by the Bluetooth master module 34.
  • a communication system using a frequency of 13.56 MHz as a carrier mainly having an NFC communication system and RFID (radio) Frequency identification (radio frequency identification) communication system
  • the external modulation signal and carrier signal can be from the NFC reader or from the RFID reader.
  • the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
  • NFC modulated signal For an NFC modulated signal, it is generally a frame signal having a prescribed format. NFC communication uses low amplitude Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, amplitude shift keying modulation and demodulation, which are well known to those skilled in the art. Since the carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz, the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna should be close to this.
  • the external modulated signal is generally sent by an NFC reader.
  • the NFC reader is generally disposed on a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone. When the NFC reader does not transmit the modulated signal to the NFC tag in its vicinity, in order to save power, the NFC reader will also periodically transmit the carrier signal or modulation signal periodically (for example, every 0.5 seconds). (ie, a card-seeking instruction or a search command) searches for nearby NFC tags.
  • the Bluetooth main control module of the contactless card in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a clock circuit connected to the Bluetooth antenna for detecting and extracting a clock signal from a modulated signal received by the Bluetooth antenna, and the clock signal may be used for Bluetooth communication.
  • the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention may further include a clock processing circuit.
  • the clock processing circuit is coupled to a 13.56 MHz coupled antenna for detecting and extracting a clock signal from the received modulated signal.
  • an ETU Elementary Time Unit
  • the duration of each ETU is the time for transmitting one bit (bite).
  • bite bit
  • the NFC module uses an external clock for signal sampling, it counts as a ETU by counting the signal period of 128 carrier signals on the carrier signal.
  • the NFC module can handle some of the operations it needs, these operations may not require a clock frequency as high as 13.56 MHz.
  • an internal relatively low frequency internal clock circuit can be used, which passes through the crystal oscillation. Generated by means of a programmable oscillator or the like. With the internal clock circuit, the modulated signal or the demodulated signal is sampled every time it is clocked to 9.44 microseconds (one ETU) without counting the carrier signal of 128 cycles.
  • the above-described clock processing circuit is not provided in the contactless card, but an internal clock circuit is provided to synchronize the clock.
  • the oscillation frequency of the internal clock circuit can be higher or lower than 13.56 MHz.
  • the memory can store information contained in a business card in a general sense, such as a name, an address, a phone number, a job title, a website address, etc.
  • information contained in a business card in a general sense, such as a name, an address, a phone number, a job title, a website address, etc.
  • the contactless card of the present invention is a large-capacity card, in addition to the simple text information, It can store other multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations and videos, especially the contents of comprehensive media information such as corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos, etc. at commercial application level, as well as documents and software.
  • the application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage circuit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction.
  • the storage circuit can also store the device name and address information of the Bluetooth communication module.
  • the storage unit of the wireless communication module of the present invention is a memory greater than or equal to 200 kilobytes, for example, 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, and 4 Mbytes. , or a larger capacity storage unit.
  • the Bluetooth main control module generally includes a signal transceiving processing unit, a clock unit, a control unit, and the like, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
  • the present invention can reduce the Bluetooth master by reducing the transmit power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity.
  • the power consumption of the module can be reduced.
  • the Bluetooth communication modules commonly used in the prior art generally support a communication distance of about 10 meters, so the power consumption during operation is generally relatively large. If only the conversion portion of the 13.56 MHz module is used for power supply, there is a problem of insufficient power supply.
  • the transmission power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module includes the static power consumption of the internal circuit of the Bluetooth main control module and the transmission power when transmitting the signal, and the transmission power consumption is related to the transmission power.
  • the transmission power is mainly related to two factors. One is the effective communication distance. The farther the distance is, the greater the required transmission power. The second is the communication rate. The faster the communication rate, the larger the transmission power.
  • the Bluetooth communication module of the present invention preferably supports a Bluetooth communication module of BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) 4.0.
  • the Bluetooth communication module of the present invention is an improved Bluetooth communication module that reduces the transmission power of the Bluetooth communication module by reducing the effective communication distance.
  • the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth communication module can be limited to, for example, 0 to 10 cm. For example, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, etc. within 0.1 m.
  • the Bluetooth communication module adjusts its own transmission power to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module, thereby reducing the power consumption of the entire contactless card.
  • the instantaneous transmit power of the Bluetooth master module is not greater than the output power of the conversion circuit.
  • the instantaneous transmission power consumption does not exceed (ie, is less than or equal to) the power output by the conversion circuit.
  • the effective communication distance generally by reducing the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module, that is, the drive current is reduced. To achieve. Therefore, when it is desired that the transmission power consumption is as small as possible, the effective communication distance can be limited to a close distance, for example, within 1 cm. At this time, according to the conversion relationship between the effective communication distance and the transmission power (for example, the calculation formula of the free space propagation loss in the first embodiment), the transmission power may be reduced to a corresponding value. By adjusting the transmission power of the Bluetooth main control module, the driving current when the signal is transmitted is directly affected, and the driving current is reduced to the corresponding value according to the conversion relationship between the effective communication distance and the driving current.
  • the communication distance of the application of the present invention is generally less than 0.1 m, for example, 5 cm. Therefore, in order to save power, the decibel value of the transmission power of the Bluetooth main control module can be configured to be less than -1 dBm, and -1 dBm to -99 dBm can be selected, even As low as -110dBm.
  • the power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module during communication is phased. For example, within a set communication period of 6.25 ms, the first 1.25 ms is used to receive and transmit the modulated signal, the instantaneous current is the peak value, and after 1.25 ms, it is Bluetooth.
  • the main control module performs internal processing (including but not limited to demodulation, decryption, calculation, writing, and reading) on the received modulated signal, and sleeps after processing. At this time, the working current is relatively flat and the power consumption is relatively small. Especially when sleeping, the working current is static, only a few ⁇ A.
  • the Bluetooth master module In order to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth master module, one way is to extend the communication cycle, thereby reducing the average power. For example, the communication cycle is adjusted to 12.5 ms. Thus, since the time taken to receive and transmit the modulated signal with high power consumption is not changed, and the sleep time is increased, the average power can be lowered.
  • the contactless card of the present invention is more suitable for the case of public information, such as a business card, a product manual card, a menu card, etc., it is not necessary to keep the stored information confidential. Therefore, in order to reduce the power consumption of the card, in some applications, it is considered to remove the hardware module mainly used for implementing encryption, authentication or verification functions in the conventional Bluetooth main control module, only for cards with special requirements (such as financial cards, Reserved in the medical card). In this way, the demodulation and modulation process of the signal can relatively reduce the processing steps, thereby improving the processing efficiency while reducing the power consumption; on the other hand, the circuit scale of the Bluetooth main control module can be reduced, thereby reducing the static working power consumption. , further reducing costs.
  • inventions of the present invention can configure a Bluetooth module in two ways.
  • the 13.56 MHz module of the contactless card of this embodiment may further include a control circuit connected to the conversion circuit 32 and the Bluetooth main control module 34.
  • the control circuit monitors the electric power received by the conversion circuit in real time, and sends a notification according to the monitoring result.
  • Signal to the Bluetooth master module to configure the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth master module or configure the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module.
  • the source circuit is turned off or enters a power saving mode, such as turning off the control circuit while keeping the coupled antenna and switching circuit operating.
  • the control circuit may not be able to send a notification signal about the received power of the conversion circuit to the Bluetooth main control module. Therefore, it is often necessary to initialize the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth main control module or configure the transmission of the Bluetooth main control module during the production process. power.
  • the control circuit can send the notification signal to the Bluetooth module in real time, and as a result, the conversion circuit has a wider conversion according to the power supply performance of the NFC reader of different mobile terminals.
  • the receiving power so that the Bluetooth main control module can also adjust the maximum communication distance autonomously according to the receiving power or configure the transmitting power of the Bluetooth main control module, and the adaptability is better, and the communication range is likely to be larger.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented based on the simple setting of the existing NFC module and the existing Bluetooth module, without substantially modifying the hardware, designing the wafers of the two modules to the same card and correspondingly The configuration is OK.
  • the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a coupling antenna 41, a conversion circuit 42, a data transceiver circuit 43, a storage circuit 44, a control circuit 45, and a Bluetooth antenna 46.
  • the coupling antenna 41 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • the frequency of the modulated signal and the carrier signal is 13.56 MHz
  • the coupled antenna 41 receives the NFC signal
  • the coupled antenna 41 receives the RFID signal.
  • the conversion circuit 42 is coupled to the coupling antenna 41 for rectifying and stabilizing the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
  • the data transceiver circuit 43, the storage circuit 44, and the control circuit 45 are all connected to the conversion circuit 42, and the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 42 is used as the operating power source.
  • the data transceiver circuit 43 is connected to the conversion circuit 42 and the Bluetooth antenna 46, respectively, for demodulating the Bluetooth signal received from the Bluetooth antenna 46, and modulating the Bluetooth data to be transmitted through the Bluetooth antenna 46 to obtain a Bluetooth signal and transmitting the Bluetooth signal to the Bluetooth signal.
  • Bluetooth antenna 46 is used to receive and transmit Bluetooth signals.
  • the control circuit 45 is connected to the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 and the storage circuit 44, and reads data from the storage circuit 44 or writes data to the storage circuit 44 based on the signal demodulated by the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43.
  • the current short-range communication system mainly includes an NFC communication system and an RFID (radio frequency identification) communication system, so the external modulation signal and carrier signal can be from an NFC reader or from an RFID reader.
  • the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
  • the coupling antenna 41 and the like are regarded as the main body of the contactless card, and the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 and the Bluetooth antenna 46 are regarded as one communication link.
  • the main function of the contactless card is to store and process signals. In this sense, short-range communication (such as NFC communication) and Bluetooth communication can be used as the communication chain of the contactless card of the present invention. road.
  • the contactless card simultaneously communicates with the wireless communication module on the mobile terminal via the coupling antenna and the Bluetooth antenna.
  • the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 is also connected to the coupling antenna 41 (shown in FIG. 4) for demodulating the modulated signal received from the coupling antenna 41, and modulating the data to be transmitted through the coupling antenna 41.
  • the coupled antenna 41 is transmitted, wherein the modulated signal is, for example, an NFC signal (of course, it can also be an RFID signal).
  • the data transceiving circuit 43 is not connected to the coupling antenna 41, only the Bluetooth communication link is used for communication, and the data transceiving circuit 43 is mainly used for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal.
  • the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 is used not only for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal but also for modulating/demodulating the signal communicated through the coupling antenna 41. If the coupled antenna 41 receives and transmits an NFC signal, the data transceiver circuit 43 is not only used to modulate/demodulate the Bluetooth signal, but also to modulate/demodulate the NFC signal.
  • the data transceiver circuit 43 is not only used to modulate/demodulate the Bluetooth signal, but also to modulate a non-Bluetooth signal (such as an NFC signal). /demodulation.
  • the portion that modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and modulates/decomposes the NFC signal when the data transceiver circuit 43 simultaneously modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and the NFC signal, the portion that modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and modulates/decomposes the NFC signal.
  • the adjusted parts can be fused together or separated separately.
  • Those skilled in the art can also understand that for other types of non-Bluetooth signals, the same can be understood by means of NFC signals; that is, when the data transceiver circuit 43 simultaneously modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and the non-Bluetooth signal, The portions of the two signals that are modulated/demodulated may be fused together or separately.
  • Fig. 5 shows another contactless card of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled antenna 41b receives and transmits an NFC signal, and modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b is separately provided from the NFC signal processing circuit 43b that modulates/demodulates the NFC signal.
  • the coupling antenna 41b generally receives an NFC signal of 13.56 MHz, and the portion mainly used for modulating/demodulating the NFC signal is an NFC signal processing circuit 43b, which is mainly used for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal.
  • the part is the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b.
  • the conversion circuit 44b simultaneously connects the NFC signal processing circuit 43b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b to supply power to both.
  • the coupled antenna 41b is also coupled to the NFC signal processing circuit 43b for receiving and transmitting NFC signals.
  • the Bluetooth antenna 45b is connected to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b for receiving and transmitting Bluetooth signals.
  • the control circuit 46b and the storage circuit 47b are connected to the conversion circuit 44b to operate with a DC voltage, and the control circuit 46b is also connected to the NFC signal processing circuit 43b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b.
  • the control circuit 46b and the memory circuit 47b can be integrated.
  • FIG. 5 please also refer to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the coupling antenna 41b and the NFC signal processing circuit 43b constitute a communication link (NFC communication link) of the contactless card
  • the Bluetooth antenna 45b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b constitute a contactless type.
  • Another communication link for the card Bluetooth communication link
  • the contactless card of the present invention can include both communication links at the same time.
  • the reader/writer terminal on the mobile terminal is also equipped with two communication links for Bluetooth communication and NFC communication with the contactless card of the present invention.
  • the storage circuit and the control circuit are shared, they can be implemented by the same unit (such as a control circuit), and the two communication links share one control circuit.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to have a transmit power of no more than -1 dBm, for example configured from -1 dBm to -99 dBm.
  • a transmit power of no more than -1 dBm, for example configured from -1 dBm to -99 dBm.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to transmit any signal to any point at a predetermined distance from the contactless card (any point on the spherical surface with the radius being a preset distance centered on the contactless card)
  • the RSSI value is not greater than -100 dBm.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit of this embodiment needs to adjust its own transmission power.
  • the instantaneous transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is not greater than the output power of the conversion circuit.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to transmit signals at the maximum communication distance, the instantaneous transmission power consumption does not exceed (ie, is less than or equal to) the power output by the conversion circuit.
  • the Bluetooth signal processing circuit can be configured in two ways. The control circuit can monitor the electric power received by the conversion circuit in real time, and according to the monitoring result, send a notification signal to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit to configure the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth unit or configure the transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit. On the other hand, it is possible to initialize the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit or configure the transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit during the production process.
  • the NFC signal processing circuit when it is not necessary to exchange the NFC signal, but only needs to be powered by the NFC communication link, the NFC signal processing circuit may not be enabled.
  • the control circuit is only used to read and write according to the signals of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit.
  • the NFC signal processing circuit When the NFC signal needs to be exchanged, for example, by quickly exchanging the device name and device address (ie, pairing) of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit and the Bluetooth communication module on the mobile terminal through the NFC communication link, the NFC signal processing circuit, NFC, needs to be enabled.
  • the signal processing circuit is configured to demodulate the modulated signal of the coupled antenna by the module, and modulate the information to be exchanged and send the information to the NFC communication module on the mobile terminal through the coupled antenna.
  • the power consumption by the coupled antenna is limited, the application of the contactless card of the present invention is substantially within 0.5 meters, for example, only a communication distance of 0-10 cm is required. Therefore, the power consumption of the contactless card can be reduced in various ways.
  • an electric storage module is additionally provided on the basis of the foregoing fourth embodiment.
  • the power storage module 63 is connected to the conversion circuit 62, and includes a storage element, and the storage element is charged by the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 62.
  • the Bluetooth communication link when the Bluetooth communication link operates, only a part of the time consumes a large amount of power in one communication cycle, and the remaining time consumption is small. There is a case where the instantaneous power of the current peak exceeds the electrical power supplied by the conversion circuit. At this time, in order to ensure that the Bluetooth communication link can work normally, it can be charged by the power storage module 63 before its operation, and when the charging reaches the set value, the components in the Bluetooth communication link are turned on for communication.
  • the conversion circuit 62 can continue to charge the power storage module 63 in addition to directly supplying power to the associated circuit, thereby providing the next communication cycle.
  • the instantaneous current peak is prepared. For example, within a set communication period of 6.25 ms, the first 1.25 ms is used to receive and transmit the modulated signal, and the instantaneous current is the peak value; after 1.25 ms, the received modulated signal is internally processed for the Bluetooth communication link (including It is not limited to demodulation, decryption, calculation, writing, and reading, etc., and the stage of sleep after processing.
  • the power storage module in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a power storage control unit, and the foregoing power storage component is a capacitor or The inductor or the like has one or more components for accumulating electric energy, and the electric storage control unit is for controlling charging and discharging of the electric storage device.
  • the Bluetooth communication link consumes very little power, and the power storage control unit can control the storage element for more adequate charging, which is a high-energy operation and time. prepare.
  • the conversion circuit 62 and the power storage module 63 simultaneously supply power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the conversion circuit 62 and the power storage module 63 may also be in a series relationship, that is, the conversion circuit 62.
  • the output DC voltage is supplied only to the power storage module 63, and the power storage module 63 supplies power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the coupling antenna 61, the conversion circuit 62, the storage circuit 64, the control circuit 65, the data transceiver circuit 66, the Bluetooth antenna 67, etc. are connected to the corresponding circuits in the embodiment shown in FIG. No longer.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication link is not necessary to limit the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication link to be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit.
  • the instantaneous power of the data transceiver circuit can be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit, thereby improving the stability of the contactless card.
  • the power storage module is added on the basis of the fourth embodiment.
  • the power storage module can also be added on the basis of the fifth embodiment.
  • another non-contact card according to an embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a power storage module 78 based on the foregoing fifth embodiment.
  • the power storage module 78 is connected to the conversion circuit 74, and includes a storage element, and the storage element is charged by the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 74.
  • the power storage module 78 is connected to the conversion circuit 74, the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 (the corresponding connection relationship is not shown) for supplying power only to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 or respectively.
  • Power is supplied to the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 to supplement the power supply to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 while the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 is acquiring power from the conversion circuit 74; or at the control circuit 76.
  • the NFC signal processing circuit 73 and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 and the like receive power from the conversion circuit 74, and supply power to the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72.
  • the coupling antenna 71, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, the conversion circuit 74, the Bluetooth antenna 75, the control circuit 76, the storage circuit 77, and the like in this embodiment are also combined with the foregoing embodiment 5 and the fourth embodiment.
  • Embodiment 6 is not described here. Moreover, it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the foregoing fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and is based on the improvement of the fourth embodiment based on the foregoing embodiment 6, and thus the foregoing embodiment five, the fourth embodiment and the implementation The contents of Example 6 are helpful in understanding the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the output of the conversion circuit 74 may also be straight.
  • the flow voltage is supplied only to the power storage module 78, and the power storage module 78 supplies power to other modules of the contactless card.
  • the communication connection method between the contactless card and the mobile terminal in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, generally includes the following steps:
  • step S810 the user brings the contactless card close to the mobile terminal.
  • Step S820 when the mobile terminal opens the reader, the contactless card enters the effective communication range, and can receive the 13.56 MHz modulated signal or the carrier signal, and the conversion circuit converts the AC voltage to supply other circuits, non-contact.
  • the NFC module of the card starts working.
  • Step S830 the NFC module assists the Bluetooth communication module to complete Bluetooth pairing between the mobile terminal and the contactless card.
  • the use of an NFC module for fast pairing of Bluetooth communication modules and then establishing a Bluetooth communication mode is well known to those skilled in the art, such as the pairing and connection establishment disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Nos. CN201210007084.2, CN201010019422.5, and CN200480015810.9. method. This application does not describe this.
  • the present invention is not limited to assisting the pairing of the Bluetooth communication module as a necessary function of the NFC module of the present invention, utilizing the existing Bluetooth pairing method (for example, It is also possible to search for a Bluetooth communication module on a mobile device and then select and pair it.
  • the NFC module of the present invention is mainly used to supply power to a Bluetooth communication module, or mainly for low speed communication (relative to a Bluetooth communication module).
  • the Bluetooth communication module can work in master mode, slave mode and broadcast mode.
  • the contactless card of the present invention does not need to be paired with the Bluetooth device on the reader/writer, and the Bluetooth device within the effective communication range of the contactless card can receive the contactless card.
  • the Bluetooth communication signal sent to the outside, thereby transferring the data of the storage unit to the reader.
  • Step S840 maintaining the effective communication range of the contactless card in the reader/writer of the mobile terminal, and transmitting and transmitting with the mobile terminal by using the Bluetooth communication module.
  • the NFC module in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 can be replaced with the 13.56 MHz module in the foregoing embodiment of the present invention.
  • the 13.56 MHz module is replaced with the NFC module, please refer to the technical content of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and the non-contact card according to the first embodiment to the seventh embodiment.
  • the improved communication module is powered by the NFC module.
  • the improved Bluetooth communication module has a short effective communication distance and low power consumption compared to the existing Bluetooth communication module.
  • the Bluetooth communication module consumes less than or equal to the power provided by the NFC module, so even the non-contact type The card can remain positive without setting the battery. Work often.
  • the transmission speed of the Bluetooth module is several to several tens of times faster than that of the NFC module, the combination scheme of the present invention solves the problem of contradiction between power supply and transmission speed.
  • an independent power supply battery in the non-contact card as an example, in practice, an independent power supply battery can also be provided in the contactless card to meet the needs of some occasions. Those skilled in the art can understand that the implementation of the above embodiments is not affected after the independent power supply battery is provided.
  • the storage unit can also be set in the Bluetooth main control module, and the multimedia information stored in the storage circuit is stored in the storage unit of the Bluetooth main control module, and after the Bluetooth pairing is completed, the contactless card and the The communication between the mobile terminals can be implemented on the Bluetooth main control module, so that the NFC module or the NFC signal processing circuit can be turned off or enter the power saving mode, and the conversion circuit can still normally receive the carrier signal or the modulated signal to other circuits and The power supply of the Bluetooth main control module does not affect the work of the Bluetooth main control module.
  • the contactless card includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module. As shown in FIG. 9, the communication method mainly includes the following steps.
  • Step S910 the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal.
  • Step S920 the NFC module rectifies and stabilizes the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal, and outputs a DC voltage.
  • Step S930 the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source, and performs Bluetooth communication with the external DC voltage, and uses the DC voltage to perform data reading or writing related to Bluetooth communication.
  • the power consumption is reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity, and ensuring that the DC voltage output according to the external modulation signal and/or carrier signal can support the normal card. jobs.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the DC voltage output by the NFC module.
  • the contactless card can be configured to be read-only or readable and writable according to the purpose, the Bluetooth communication of the contactless card can be only for the read data operation, and does not include the write data operation; or the read data operation and the write data are included. operating.
  • the contactless card includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module. As shown in FIG. 10, the power supply method mainly includes the following steps.
  • step SA1 the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
  • step SA2 the NFC module rectifies and stabilizes the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to obtain a straight Current voltage.
  • step SA3 the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source.
  • the Bluetooth communication module uses the DC voltage to supply power to the external Bluetooth communication, and uses the DC voltage to supply power for data reading or writing corresponding to the Bluetooth communication.
  • the Bluetooth communication module can use only a DC voltage as the operating power source.
  • the built-in power storage module of the contactless card can also be charged by using the DC voltage output by the NFC module, and the power storage module can be used to power the Bluetooth communication module independently or together with the NFC module.
  • the Bluetooth communication module When the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is lowered, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption, and the DC voltage output according to the external modulation signal and/or carrier signal can support the normal operation of the card.
  • the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the DC voltage output by the NFC module.
  • the contactless card can be configured to be read-only or readable and writable according to the purpose, the Bluetooth communication of the contactless card can be only for the read data operation, and does not include the write data operation; or the read data operation and the write data are included. operating.
  • the power consumption of Bluetooth communication is reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the reception sensitivity.
  • the electric power of the DC voltage is monitored in real time, and the maximum communication distance or transmission power of the Bluetooth communication is configured according to the monitoring result.
  • the built-in power storage module is further charged by the DC voltage, and the power storage module is used to supply power to the external communication independently or together with the DC voltage.
  • the communication method of the contactless card described in the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the power supply method of the contactless card described in the tenth embodiment of the present invention please refer to the description of the contactless card in the foregoing third embodiment.
  • the foregoing descriptions of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the fourth embodiment to the eighth embodiment can also help to understand the communication method of the contactless card described in the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the description of the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power supply method of contactless cards please refer to them together.
  • Embodiment 6 and Embodiment 7 respectively illustrate an embodiment in which a power storage module is disposed on a contactless card.
  • the power storage module may be disposed to the foregoing embodiment 1 to The third is used to balance the power consumption of the non-contact card under different working conditions, and improve the stability of the non-contact card.
  • the Bluetooth main control module or the control circuit may include a CPU or an MCU, or may not include, but replace the function of the CPU or the MCU by a hardware circuit capable of performing a specific function.
  • the function of the contactless card can be modified and adjusted by firmware or software, and has greater flexibility.
  • the response speed is faster and the circuit is more power-saving. .
  • the components of the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention and the steps in the method may be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed in a network composed of multiple computing devices. on. Alternatively, they may be implemented in program code executable by a computing device. Thus, they may be stored in a storage device by a computing device, or they may be fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof may be implemented as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

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Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a contactless card and communication and power supply method thereof, overcoming the inconvenience caused by the slow transmission speed, high cost, and large size of current high-capacity contactless cards. The card comprises an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein the NFC module is used for receiving an external modulation signal and/or carrier signal, and outputting a direct current voltage on the basis of said modulation signal and/or carrier signal; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the direct current voltage, which acts as the operating power supply thereof, and is used for implementing external Bluetooth communication. The present invention overcomes the deficiency of the relatively slow transmission speed of contactless cards, and effectively uses the capacity of a contactless card such that the contactless card can simultaneously store abundant information and rapidly transmit information.

Description

非接触式卡片及其通讯和供电方法Contactless card and communication and power supply method thereof
相关申请的交叉引用Cross-reference to related applications
本申请要求享有于2014年12月15日提交的名称为“非接触式无源卡片”的中国专利申请CN201410782498.1、以及于2015年1月26日提交的名称为“非接触式无源卡片”的中国专利申请CN201510039763.1的优先权，该些申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。This application claims to have the Chinese patent application CN201410782498.1, which was submitted on December 15, 2014, entitled "Contactless Passive Card", and the name "Contactless Passive Card" submitted on January 26, 2015. The priority of the Chinese patent application CN201510039763.1, the entire contents of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种非接触式卡片及其通讯和供电方法。The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a contactless card and a communication and power supply method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着智能手机等移动终端的大量普及，越来越多的信息可以通过移动终端进行获取并通过互联网或者移动互联网传递。然而，能直接通过移动终端获取信息的信息源却不多。例如传统的U盘(USB Flash Disk)采用标准的USB接口，而手机等移动终端往往采用mini USB或者micro USB接口，由于接口及传输协议等不对应，手机等移动终端不能方便直接地读取U盘中的信息。移动硬盘也同样存在不能方便地读取信息的问题。通过在现有的硬盘上加装WiFi或者蓝牙模块，手机等移动终端通过自身的蓝牙模块或者WiFi模块访问硬盘中的数据，也可以给手机等移动终端提供大容量的信息源，但这需要给硬盘加装电池以提供足够大的电功率，而且增加了电池的硬盘体积将会更加大，并不方便携带。With the proliferation of mobile terminals such as smart phones, more and more information can be obtained through mobile terminals and transmitted through the Internet or the mobile Internet. However, there are not many sources of information that can directly obtain information through mobile terminals. For example, a traditional USB flash drive uses a standard USB interface, while a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone often uses a mini USB or a micro USB interface. Since the interface and the transmission protocol do not correspond, the mobile terminal such as a mobile phone cannot conveniently read the U directly. Information on the disk. Mobile hard drives also have problems in that they cannot easily read information. By adding a WiFi or Bluetooth module to an existing hard disk, a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone can access a data source of the hard disk through its own Bluetooth module or WiFi module, and can also provide a large-capacity information source to a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, but this needs to be given The hard disk is equipped with a battery to provide sufficient electric power, and the hard disk volume of the battery is increased, which is not convenient to carry.
随着支持NFC(Near Field Communication，近距离无线通信技术，又称近场通信)的移动终端(例如手机)越来越普及，通过NFC模块来获取信息是一种非常方便的途径，目前已经出现了应用NFC技术的电子名片(NFC名片)。这些NFC名片除了可以像传统的实物名片那样在名片的两个表面印刷主人信息(例如名字、职位、电话等)，在名片内部还嵌入了NFC模块。当NFC模块中存储有名片信息时，只需要将NFC名片近距离贴近支持NFC的移动终端，移动终端就能迅速、准确地读取到NFC名片中的主人信息。With the increasing popularity of mobile terminals (such as mobile phones) supporting NFC (Near Field Communication, also known as near field communication), it is a very convenient way to obtain information through the NFC module. An electronic business card (NFC business card) using NFC technology. In addition to these traditional NFC business cards, these NFC business cards can print master information (such as names, positions, telephones, etc.) on both sides of the business card, and an NFC module is embedded inside the business card. When the business card information is stored in the NFC module, the NFC business card only needs to be close to the mobile terminal supporting the NFC, and the mobile terminal can quickly and accurately read the owner information in the NFC business card.
NFC是一种短距高频的无线电技术，在13.56兆赫兹(MHz)频率运行，通信距离一般10厘米距离内，建立连接时间小于1秒。目前，其传输速度有106千比特(kbit)/秒、212kbit/秒或者424kbit/秒三种。NFC已通过成为ISO/IEC18092国际标准、EMCA-340 标准及ETSI TS 102 190标准。NFC is a short-range high-frequency radio technology that operates at 13.56 megahertz (MHz) with a communication distance of typically 10 cm and a connection time of less than 1 second. Currently, its transmission speed is 106 kilobits (kbit) / sec, 212 kbit / sec or 424 kbit / sec. NFC has passed ISO/IEC18092 international standard, EMCA-340 Standard and ETSI TS 102 190 standard.
NFC采用主动和被动两种读取模式。由于NFC为点对点通信，而且通信距离短，用户能方便地控制读取NFC名片的传播范围，避免NFC名片中的信息未经同意而被其他人获取，具有较高的安全性。NFC uses both active and passive read modes. Since the NFC is a point-to-point communication and the communication distance is short, the user can conveniently control the range of reading the NFC business card, and the information in the NFC business card is prevented from being acquired by others without consent, and has high security.
然而，现有的NFC控制芯片只有几千字节(Kilobyte，KB)到几十千字节的容量，只适合存储纯文本信息。随着多媒体技术的发展，人们希望NFC名片能承载图片、声音甚至视频等多媒体信息，这样的NFC名片能向其他人传播更多信息，能提高名片接收人的关注度。但是，多媒体信息的存储需要以兆字节(Megabyte，MB)为单位甚至更大的存储容量，虽然单纯地扩充NFC名片的存储容量可以解决容量问题，但是即使是用目前的最大的传输速度424kbit/秒来传输以MB为单位的多媒体信息，也需要上百甚至几百秒钟的传输时间，显然这是难以让交换NFC名片的双方都能接受的速度。而实际情况是，采用手机等移动终端时，因为考虑到功耗及干扰问题，传输速度是远低于NFC通信协议中的最大传输速度的。However, the existing NFC control chip has a capacity of only a few kilobytes (Kilobyte, KB) to several tens of kilobytes, and is only suitable for storing plain text information. With the development of multimedia technology, people hope that NFC business cards can carry multimedia information such as pictures, sounds and even videos. Such NFC business cards can spread more information to other people and improve the attention of business card recipients. However, the storage of multimedia information requires a larger storage capacity in units of megabytes (MB), although simply expanding the storage capacity of the NFC business card can solve the capacity problem, even with the current maximum transmission speed of 424 kbit. / sec to transmit multimedia information in MB, it also requires hundreds or even hundreds of seconds of transmission time, obviously this is difficult to exchange the speed of both sides of the exchange NFC business card. The actual situation is that when a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone is used, the transmission speed is much lower than the maximum transmission speed in the NFC communication protocol because of power consumption and interference problems.
因为操作的便利性等诸多优点，通过非接触的方式来获取信息越来越受欢迎，例如公交卡、医疗卡、门禁卡、通行卡、通行证等得到了迅速的应用和普及。但是，和上述的基于NFC的电子名片一样，这些非接触式卡片都有存储信息量小的特点，当需要在卡片中存储大容量的信息时，现有的通信速度非常慢，不能满足用户日益增长的高速度传输需求。若考虑向这些非接触卡片增加WiFi或者蓝牙模块，虽然可以解决传输速度慢的问题，但是，这样就需要在非接触卡片上增设供电电池以支持通讯模块的工作。显然，这样就会导致非接触卡片的成本和体积极大地增加，难以对非接触卡片进行小型化设计和生产。Because of the convenience of operation and many other advantages, access to information through non-contact means has become more and more popular, such as bus cards, medical cards, access cards, pass cards, passes, etc. have been rapidly applied and popularized. However, like the above-mentioned NFC-based electronic business cards, these contactless cards have the characteristics of small amount of information storage. When large-capacity information needs to be stored in the card, the existing communication speed is very slow, and the user cannot be satisfied. Increased demand for high speed transmission. If you consider adding a WiFi or Bluetooth module to these contactless cards, although the problem of slow transmission speed can be solved, it is necessary to add a power supply battery to the non-contact card to support the operation of the communication module. Obviously, this will lead to a significant increase in the cost and volume of the contactless card, making it difficult to miniaturize and produce the contactless card.
因此，提供一种便携性佳且数据传输速度较快的非接触式卡片是需要的。Therefore, it is desirable to provide a contactless card that is portable and has a fast data transmission speed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的大容量非接触式卡片传输速度慢、成本高以及体积大导致便利性较差的不足。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art high-capacity non-contact card transmission speed, high cost, and large volume resulting in poor convenience.
本发明首先提供了一种非接触式卡片，包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：所述NFC模块用于接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源，用于与外部进行蓝牙通信。The present invention first provides a contactless card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module is configured to receive an external modulated signal and/or carrier signal and according to the modulated signal and/or carrier signal The DC voltage is output; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source for Bluetooth communication with the outside.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块仅使用所述直流电压作为工作电源。 Preferably, the Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
优选地，该非接触式卡片包括：蓄电模块，用于利用所述NFC模块输出的直流电压进行充电，独立地或者与所述NFC模块一起为所述蓝牙通信模块进行供电。Preferably, the contactless card comprises: a power storage module for charging by using a DC voltage output by the NFC module, and powering the Bluetooth communication module independently or together with the NFC module.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。Preferably, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
优选地，所述NFC模块包括：耦合天线，用于接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号；转换电路，用于对所述耦合天线接收的调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出所述直流电压。Preferably, the NFC module comprises: a coupling antenna for receiving an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal; and a conversion circuit for rectifying and regulating the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal received by the coupled antenna, The DC voltage is output.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块包括：蓝牙天线，用于向外部发射蓝牙信号或者接收外部的蓝牙信号；蓝牙主控模块，用于接入所述直流电压作为工作电源，用于调制生成向外部发射的所述蓝牙信号和/或对外部接收的所述蓝牙信号进行解调。Preferably, the Bluetooth communication module includes: a Bluetooth antenna for transmitting a Bluetooth signal to the outside or receiving an external Bluetooth signal; and a Bluetooth main control module for accessing the DC voltage as a working power source for modulation generation to the outside The Bluetooth signal transmitted and/or demodulated from the externally received Bluetooth signal.
优选地，所述蓝牙主控模块被配置为减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。Preferably, the Bluetooth master module is configured to reduce transmit power, reduce communication rate or reduce receive sensitivity to reduce power consumption.
优选地，所述蓝牙主控模块进一步包括内部存储器，用于为所述蓝牙通信存储数据；所述内部存储器的容量大于200千字节。Preferably, the Bluetooth master module further comprises an internal memory for storing data for the Bluetooth communication; the internal memory has a capacity greater than 200 kilobytes.
优选地，所述非接触式卡片包括：外部存储器；所述蓝牙主控模块进一步包括内部存储器；所述外部存储器与所述内部存储器用于为所述蓝牙通信存储数据，所述外部存储器与所述内部存储器的总容量大于200千字节。Advantageously, said contactless card comprises: an external memory; said Bluetooth master module further comprising an internal memory; said external memory and said internal memory for storing data for said Bluetooth communication, said external memory The total internal memory capacity is greater than 200 kilobytes.
本发明还提供了一种非接触式卡片的通讯方法，所述卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：所述NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源；所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信。The present invention also provides a communication method for a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and according to the modulated signal and And/or the carrier signal outputs a DC voltage; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source; and the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信时，减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。Preferably, when the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is reduced, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。Preferably, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
本发明还提供了一种非接触式卡片的供电方法，所述卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：所述NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源。The present invention also provides a power supply method for a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein: the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and according to the modulated signal and / or the carrier signal outputs a DC voltage; the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块仅使用所述直流电压作为工作电源。Preferably, the Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
优选地，该方法包括：利用所述NFC模块输出的直流电压对所述非接触式卡片的内置的蓄电模块进行充电，利用所述蓄电模块独立地或者与所述NFC模块一起为所述蓝牙 通信模块进行供电。Preferably, the method comprises: charging a built-in power storage module of the contactless card with a DC voltage output by the NFC module, using the power storage module independently or together with the NFC module Bluetooth The communication module supplies power.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信时，减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。Preferably, when the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is reduced, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
优选地，所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。Preferably, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
与现有技术相比，本发明克服了现有技术中的非接触式卡片传输速度较慢的缺陷，能有效利用非接触式卡片的容量，使得非接触式卡片可以存储丰富的信息的同时，能高速地进行信息传输。本发明的非接触式卡片能耗小，无需独立设置电池，提高了非接触式卡片的便携性及安全性，而且用户使用过程中无需对非接触式卡片进行充电，避免了非接触式卡片被携带外出或者工作过程中电量不足而带来的风险。Compared with the prior art, the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the non-contact card transmission speed in the prior art, and can effectively utilize the capacity of the contactless card, so that the contactless card can store rich information at the same time. It can transmit information at high speed. The non-contact card of the invention has low energy consumption, does not need to set the battery independently, improves the portability and security of the contactless card, and does not need to charge the non-contact card during the use of the user, thereby avoiding the contactless card being Carry the risk of running out or running out of power.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明的技术方案而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构和/或流程来实现和获得。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by the structure and/or <RTIgt;
附图说明DRAWINGS
附图用来提供对本发明的技术方案或现有技术的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分。其中，表达本发明实施例的附图与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明的技术方案，但并不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。The drawings serve to provide a further understanding of the technical aspects of the invention or the prior art and form part of the specification. The drawings that express the embodiments of the present invention are used to explain the technical solutions of the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation of the technical solutions of the present invention.
图1至图7分别为本发明实施例的各种非接触式卡片的构造示意图。1 to 7 are respectively schematic views showing the construction of various non-contact cards according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图8为本发明实施例的非接触式卡片在应用时与移动终端的通信连接的流程示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication connection between a contactless card and a mobile terminal in an application according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图9为本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的通讯方法的流程示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a communication method of a contactless card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图10为本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的供电方法的流程示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a method for powering a contactless card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成相应技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。本发明实施例以及实施例中的各个特征，在不相冲突前提下可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, by which the present invention can be applied to the technical problems and the implementation of the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The features of the embodiments of the present invention and the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
另外，附图所示出的本发明实施例的方法所包含的步骤，可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然本发明实施例的方法在所示的流程图中体现出了 本发明的技术方案在执行时的一定的逻辑顺序，但通常而言，该逻辑顺序仅限于通过该流程图所示出的实施例。在本发明的另一些实施例中，本发明的技术方案的逻辑顺序也可以以不同于附图所示的方式来实现。Additionally, the steps involved in the method of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings may be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions. And, although the method of the embodiment of the present invention is embodied in the flow chart shown The technical solution of the present invention is a certain logical sequence at the time of execution, but in general, the logical order is limited to the embodiment shown by the flowchart. In other embodiments of the present invention, the logical order of the technical solutions of the present invention may also be implemented in a manner different from that shown in the accompanying drawings.
本发明所称的非接触式卡片，是指不依赖于内置的电池或者蓄电模块等作为供电电源，也无需通过导线连接到供电电源，仅仅通过从无线射频信号中提取的电能来自我供电就能正常工作的一种电子卡片；当然，为了非接触式卡片的能稳定地工作，在通过无线射频信号提取电能来供电的基础上，在非接触式卡片上增设电池或者储能电容来辅助工作，仍应属于本发明的非接触式卡片的范畴。The contactless card referred to in the present invention refers to a power supply that does not depend on a built-in battery or a power storage module, and does not need to be connected to a power supply through a wire, and only supplies power from a wireless RF signal from the power supply. An electronic card that can work normally; of course, in order to work stably with a contactless card, on the basis of extracting electric energy from a wireless radio frequency signal, a battery or a storage capacitor is added to the non-contact card to assist the work. It should still fall within the scope of the contactless card of the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment 1
如图1所示，本发明实施例的非接触式卡片，其主要包括耦合天线11、转换电路12、蓝牙主控模块13和蓝牙天线14。耦合天线11用于接收外部的中心振荡频率为第一频率的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。转换电路12连接到耦合天线11，用于对接收到调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。蓝牙主控模块13连接到蓝牙天线14和转换电路12，使用该转换电路12输出的直流电压作为工作电源。As shown in FIG. 1 , the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a coupling antenna 11 , a conversion circuit 12 , a Bluetooth main control module 13 and a Bluetooth antenna 14 . The coupling antenna 11 is for receiving an external modulated signal having a central oscillation frequency of a first frequency and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. The conversion circuit 12 is connected to the coupling antenna 11 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage. The Bluetooth master module 13 is connected to the Bluetooth antenna 14 and the conversion circuit 12, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 12 as an operating power source.
本领域的技术人员能够理解，本发明中的耦合天线11接收的中心振荡频率为第一频率的调制信号和/或载波信号，包括了中心振荡频率接近于第一频率的调制信号和/或载波信号，或者是中心振荡频率为第一频率附近的调制信号和/或载波信号。实际上，本发明的技术方案适用于某个预设的频率范围中的任意频率。比如，本发明的方案中，该第一频率可以是13.56MHz，也可以是以13.56MHz为中心的一个频率范围。另外，调制信号，是指经过了调制，附加了需要传输的信息的信号。而载波信号，则是指还没有被调制，不含需要传输的信息的信号。Those skilled in the art can understand that the coupling antenna 11 in the present invention receives a modulation signal and/or a carrier signal whose center oscillation frequency is the first frequency, and includes a modulation signal and/or a carrier whose center oscillation frequency is close to the first frequency. The signal, or the center oscillation frequency is a modulated signal and/or carrier signal near the first frequency. In fact, the technical solution of the present invention is applicable to any frequency in a certain preset frequency range. For example, in the solution of the present invention, the first frequency may be 13.56 MHz, or may be a frequency range centered on 13.56 MHz. In addition, the modulated signal refers to a signal that has been modulated and added with information to be transmitted. The carrier signal refers to a signal that has not been modulated and does not contain information that needs to be transmitted.
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片在应用时，可以借助于NFC模块中的电源获取电路来实现。NFC通信系统中，包括有NFC读写器和对应的NFC标签。本发明中，将NFC标签中的电路结构描述为NFC模块，在NFC读写器和NFC标签中，各自包含用于通信和传递电能的耦合天线。本实施例的耦合天线11具有一线圈，其用于接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。这里说的外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号，是指NFC读写器向NFC标签发送的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号，该NFC读写器可以设置在固定的终端上，也可以设置在移动终端(例如手机)上。The contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by means of a power supply acquisition circuit in the NFC module when applied. The NFC communication system includes an NFC reader and a corresponding NFC tag. In the present invention, the circuit structure in the NFC tag is described as an NFC module, and each of the NFC reader and the NFC tag includes a coupling antenna for communicating and transmitting power. The coupling antenna 11 of the present embodiment has a coil for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. The external modulated signal and/or unmodulated carrier signal referred to herein refers to a modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal transmitted by the NFC reader/writer to the NFC tag, and the NFC reader/writer can be disposed on a fixed terminal. It can also be set on a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone.
借助于NFC模块的电源获取电路来实现的非接触式卡片，从NFC读写器通过耦合天线11获取电能。而NFC通信的载波频率为13.56MHz，则耦合天线11的中心振荡频率与 13.56MHz接近，由于系统的偏差，耦合天线还可能会接收和处理包含了13.56MHz的一定频率范围之内(比如频率在13.56MHz正负10％以内)的调制信号或载波信号。外部的调制信号一般由上述NFC读写器发出，本发明中，NFC读写器一般设置在移动终端，例如手机上。为了节省电源，NFC读写器会周期性地(例如每隔0.5秒)向外发射载波信号或调制信号(即寻卡指令或叫搜索指令)，搜索附近的NFC标签，而不会持续地发送载波信号；当NFC读写器需要对外传输信号时，会对载波信号进行调制，附加上要传输的信息，形成调制信号。当然，不持续地发送载波信号是从节约能耗的角度出发来设置的，因此实际上本发明并不排除NFC读写器持续地发送载波信号的情形。The contactless card realized by the power supply acquisition circuit of the NFC module acquires electric energy from the NFC reader through the coupling antenna 11. The carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz, and the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna 11 is 13.56MHz close, due to system deviation, the coupled antenna may also receive and process modulated signals or carrier signals containing a certain frequency range of 13.56MHz (such as the frequency is within 13.56MHz plus or minus 10%). The external modulation signal is generally sent by the above NFC reader/writer. In the present invention, the NFC reader/writer is generally disposed on a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone. In order to save power, the NFC reader periodically transmits a carrier signal or a modulated signal (ie, a card seek command or a search command) periodically (for example, every 0.5 seconds) to search for nearby NFC tags without continuously transmitting. Carrier signal; when the NFC reader/writer needs to transmit signals to the outside, the carrier signal is modulated, and the information to be transmitted is added to form a modulated signal. Of course, the non-continuous transmission of the carrier signal is set from the viewpoint of energy saving, and thus the present invention does not exclude the case where the NFC reader continuously transmits the carrier signal.
转换电路12将接收到的交流信号转换为直流电压，以向非接触式卡片的其他模块提供工作电源。一般而言，转换电路12包括整流部分和稳压部分，整流部分将交流电压变换为纹波电压较大的正电压，一般采用整流桥实现。而稳压部分将纹波电压抹平，使得输出电压稳定且平缓，保证蓝牙主控模块以及NFC模块的工作稳定性。The conversion circuit 12 converts the received AC signal into a DC voltage to provide operating power to other modules of the contactless card. In general, the conversion circuit 12 includes a rectifying portion and a voltage stabilizing portion, and the rectifying portion converts the alternating current voltage into a positive voltage having a large ripple voltage, which is generally implemented by a rectifier bridge. The voltage regulator partially smoothes the ripple voltage, making the output voltage stable and gentle, ensuring the stability of the Bluetooth master module and the NFC module.
为实现对直流电压的稳压输出，常规的做法是在采用LDO(Low Dropout Regulator，低压差线性稳压器)电路作为稳压单元。LDO的优点是噪声小、静态电流低。当然，也可以采用DC/DC转换电路作为稳压单元，DC/DC转换电路是开关电源电路的一种，优点是比LDO的效率高，但缺点是纹波噪声比较大。采用DC/DC转换电路能减少稳压时的电能损耗。In order to achieve a regulated output of the DC voltage, a conventional method is to use an LDO (Low Dropout Regulator) circuit as a voltage stabilizing unit. The advantages of LDO are low noise and low quiescent current. Of course, a DC/DC conversion circuit can also be used as the voltage stabilization unit. The DC/DC conversion circuit is a type of switching power supply circuit. The advantage is that it is more efficient than the LDO, but the disadvantage is that the ripple noise is relatively large. The DC/DC converter circuit can reduce the power loss during voltage regulation.
本发明实施例中的蓝牙主控模块，与现有的蓝牙主控模块具有类似的结构组成，主要包括链路层(link layer)、射频信号处理单元(RF)、存储单元(EEPROM、flash存储器、相变存储器、铁电存储器、ROM、ERPOM、MTP等)和控制单元(CPU及RAM)。可以理解的是，蓝牙主控模块中的存储单元可以集成到蓝牙主控模块中，例如嵌入式的Flash存储器；也可以是外接的存储器，例如外接SD卡。蓝牙主控模块主要用于对从蓝牙天线接收到的信号进行处理并响应。The Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention has a similar structural composition to the existing Bluetooth main control module, and mainly includes a link layer, a radio frequency signal processing unit (RF), and a storage unit (EEPROM, flash memory). , phase change memory, ferroelectric memory, ROM, ERPOM, MTP, etc.) and control unit (CPU and RAM). It can be understood that the storage unit in the Bluetooth main control module can be integrated into the Bluetooth main control module, such as an embedded flash memory, or can be an external storage device, such as an external SD card. The Bluetooth master module is mainly used to process and respond to signals received from the Bluetooth antenna.
本发明实施例中的蓝牙主控模块，与现有的蓝牙主控模块主要的不同之处，是本发明的蓝牙主控模块使用转换电路输出的直流电压作为工作电源。另一方面，而考虑到转换电路所转换得到的直流电压来源于NFC读写器，其供应的功率较小，因此本发明的蓝牙主控模块与常规的蓝牙通信模块(包含了蓝牙天线的完整的蓝牙装置)又有所区别，其整体功耗应当比标准蓝牙通信模块的功耗要小。The main difference between the Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention and the existing Bluetooth main control module is that the Bluetooth main control module of the present invention uses the DC voltage outputted by the conversion circuit as the working power source. On the other hand, considering that the DC voltage converted by the conversion circuit is derived from the NFC reader, the power supplied by the converter is small, so the Bluetooth main control module of the present invention and the conventional Bluetooth communication module (including the completeness of the Bluetooth antenna) The Bluetooth device is different, and its overall power consumption should be smaller than that of the standard Bluetooth communication module.
影响蓝牙主控模块的整体功耗有几个主要的因素，包括发射功率、通信速率和接收灵敏度等，本发明可以通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或降低接收灵敏度等方式来降低蓝 牙主控模块的功耗。There are several main factors affecting the overall power consumption of the Bluetooth master module, including transmit power, communication rate, and receiving sensitivity. The present invention can reduce the blue by reducing the transmit power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity. The power consumption of the dental master module.
优先地，本发明的蓝牙主控模块被配置为发射功率的分贝值不大于-1dBm。Preferably, the Bluetooth master module of the present invention is configured such that the decibel value of the transmit power is no more than -1 dBm.
以TI(Texas Instruments)公司的蓝牙主控模块CC2540为例，它支持4种发射功率选择：4dBm、0dBm、-6dBm和-23dBm，按无线电功率定义：LdBm＝10*log10(Pwr/1mW)，以上4种分贝值(LdBm)换算成瓦特(Pwr)为：2.51mW、1mW、0.251mW和0.005mW，接收端的接收灵敏度在-90dBm时，有效通信距离分别为：30米、10米、7米和3米。而适用于本发明应用场合的通信距离，一般都小于1米，例如在应用时，移动终端和非接触式卡片之间的距离只有10厘米或者小于10厘米。Take TI (Texas Instruments) Bluetooth master module CC2540 as an example, it supports 4 kinds of transmit power selection: 4dBm, 0dBm, -6dBm and -23dBm, defined by radio power: L dBm =10*log 10 (Pwr/1mW ), the above four decibel values (L dBm ) are converted into watts (Pwr): 2.51mW, 1mW, 0.251mW and 0.005mW. When the receiving sensitivity of the receiving end is -90dBm, the effective communication distance is: 30m, 10m. , 7 meters and 3 meters. The communication distance suitable for the application of the present invention is generally less than 1 meter. For example, when applied, the distance between the mobile terminal and the contactless card is only 10 cm or less.
信号在自由空间传播时，存在如下的电波传播损耗的计算表达式：When the signal propagates in free space, there is the following expression for the calculation of the wave propagation loss:
[Lfs](dB)＝32.44+20lgd(km)+20lgf(MHz)           式(1)[Lfs](dB)=32.44+20lgd(km)+20lgf(MHz) Equation (1)
式中，Lfs为传输损耗，单位为dB；d为传输距离，单位是km；f是工作频率，单位以MHz计算。Where Lfs is the transmission loss in dB; d is the transmission distance in km; f is the operating frequency, and the unit is calculated in MHz.
由上式可见，自由空间中电波传播损耗(亦称衰减)只与工作频率f和传播距离d有关。所谓自由空间传播，是指天线周围为无限大真空时的电波传播，它是理想传播条件。电波在自由空间传播时，其能量既不会被障碍物所吸收，也不会产生反射或散射。It can be seen from the above equation that the wave propagation loss (also known as attenuation) in free space is only related to the operating frequency f and the propagation distance d. The so-called free space propagation refers to the propagation of electric waves around an infinite vacuum around the antenna, which is an ideal propagation condition. When a wave propagates in free space, its energy is neither absorbed by the obstacle nor reflected or scattered.
而无线电波通信距离与发射功率、接收灵敏度和工作频率有关。假设本发明的非接触式卡片和移动终端之间的通信距离为10厘米并且信号在自由空间传播，根据上述公式可以计算得到蓝牙通信信号(载波为2.4GHz)的传输损耗：The radio wave communication distance is related to the transmission power, the receiving sensitivity, and the operating frequency. Assuming that the communication distance between the contactless card and the mobile terminal of the present invention is 10 cm and the signal propagates in free space, the transmission loss of the Bluetooth communication signal (carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz) can be calculated according to the above formula:
Lfs＝32.44+20×lg(0.1/1000)+20×lg(2400)＝32.4-80+67.6＝20dB     式(2)Lfs=32.44+20×lg(0.1/1000)+20×lg(2400)=32.4-80+67.6=20dB Equation (2)
如果设置在移动终端的蓝牙通信模块的接收灵敏度为-40dBm，则非接触式卡片的发射功率应为-40+20＝-20dBm。这是理想状况下的传输距离、发射功率和接收灵敏度的计算关系。在实际的应用中，传输损耗会大于20dB，这是因为无线通信要受到各种外界因素的影响，如大气、阻挡物、多径等造成的损耗。因此，即便是0dBm的发射功率，若应用在传输环境恶劣的情况下，有效通信距离会小于10米；而且，若接收端的接收灵敏度比较差，将会进一步缩短有效通信距离。If the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module set in the mobile terminal is -40 dBm, the transmission power of the contactless card should be -40 + 20 = -20 dBm. This is the calculation relationship between the transmission distance, the transmission power, and the reception sensitivity under ideal conditions. In practical applications, the transmission loss will be greater than 20 dB, because wireless communication is subject to various external factors, such as the loss caused by the atmosphere, obstacles, multipath, and the like. Therefore, even if the transmission power is 0 dBm, if the transmission environment is bad, the effective communication distance will be less than 10 meters; and if the receiving sensitivity of the receiving end is relatively poor, the effective communication distance will be further shortened.
可见，在传输损耗为确定值的情况下，发射功率越高，有效通信距离越远。因此，考虑到本发明的非接触式卡片短距离的应用环境，降低发射功率，是一种不会导致通信中断的降低蓝牙主控模块功耗的方式。另一方面，由于移动终端的蓝牙通信模块的接收灵敏度会存在差异，接收灵敏度高时，非接触式卡片的蓝牙主控模块的发射功率可以配置得更小。但是，当接收灵敏度比较差时，则需要提高蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，才能确保蓝牙通信 不会被中断。因此，非接触式卡片的蓝牙主控模块的发射功率不能被配置得过小。It can be seen that in the case where the transmission loss is a certain value, the higher the transmission power, the farther the effective communication distance is. Therefore, considering the short-distance application environment of the contactless card of the present invention, reducing the transmission power is a way to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module without causing communication interruption. On the other hand, since the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module of the mobile terminal may be different, and the receiving sensitivity is high, the transmitting power of the Bluetooth main control module of the contactless card may be configured to be smaller. However, when the receiving sensitivity is relatively poor, it is necessary to increase the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module to ensure Bluetooth communication. Will not be interrupted. Therefore, the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module of the contactless card cannot be configured too small.
因此，为了节省电源，本发明实施例中的蓝牙主控模块，发射功率被配置为分贝值小于0dBm而不大于-1dBm，可以选择被配置为-1dBm至-99dBm之间(可以等于-1dBm或者-99dBm)，例如-3dBm、-15dBm、-20dBm、-30dBm、-40dBm、-50dBm、-60dBm、-80dBm，甚至可以被配置为低至-110dBm，这样在保证有效通信的基础上，尽量降低能源消耗。Therefore, in order to save power, the Bluetooth main control module in the embodiment of the present invention has a transmit power configured to have a decibel value of less than 0 dBm and not more than -1 dBm, and may be configured to be configured between -1 dBm and -99 dBm (which may be equal to -1 dBm or -99dBm), for example -3dBm, -15dBm, -20dBm, -30dBm, -40dBm, -50dBm, -60dBm, -80dBm, even configured to be as low as -110dBm, so as to minimize the effective communication Energy consumption.
为了提高蓝牙通信模块的接收灵敏度，一般需要引入更加复杂的算法、或者增加信号放大电路的级数或者放大倍数等，这些都会引起电路规模的增加，从而增加蓝牙通信模块的功耗。因此，通过降低算法的复杂度、减小信号放大电路的级数或者放大倍数等方式来降低接收灵敏度，是可以降低蓝牙主控模块的功耗的。In order to improve the receiving sensitivity of the Bluetooth communication module, it is generally necessary to introduce a more complicated algorithm, or increase the number of stages or amplification of the signal amplifying circuit, etc., which will cause an increase in the circuit scale, thereby increasing the power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module. Therefore, by reducing the complexity of the algorithm, reducing the number of stages of the signal amplifying circuit or the amplification factor, the receiving sensitivity can be reduced, and the power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module can be reduced.
此外，蓝牙主控模块的存储单元中，可以存储一般意义上的名片所包含的各种信息，例如姓名、地址、电话、职位和网址等。此外，由于本发明的非接触式卡片为大容量的卡片，除了上述一般意义上的名片所存储的简单文本信息外，还可以存储图标、图片、语音、音乐、动画和视频等各种多媒体信息，以及文档、软件等，尤其是在商业应用层面的企业简介、产品目录、宣传视频等综合多种媒体信息的内容。相比现有的非接触式卡片，本发明的存储单元需要存储以上所列的部分或者全部多媒体信息，因此，需要采用比现有技术中几十字节大的存储器，优选地，本发明的存储单元为大于或等于200千字节(kilobyte)的存储器，例如256千字节、512千字节、1M字节、2M字节和4M字节等，或者更大容量的存储单元。In addition, the storage unit of the Bluetooth main control module can store various information contained in the business card in a general sense, such as name, address, telephone, position, and website address. In addition, since the contactless card of the present invention is a large-capacity card, in addition to the simple text information stored in the above-mentioned general business card, various multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations, and videos can be stored. , as well as documents, software, etc., especially in the business application level of corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos and other comprehensive media information content. Compared with the existing contactless card, the storage unit of the present invention needs to store some or all of the multimedia information listed above, and therefore, it is necessary to use a memory larger than tens of bytes in the prior art, and preferably, the present invention The storage unit is a memory greater than or equal to 200 kilobytes, such as 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, 4 Mbytes, etc., or a larger capacity storage unit.
根据本发明的非接触式卡片的应用场合需要，可以组合性地在存储单元中存储各种信息，例如，当将本发明的非接触式卡片用作产品、人物、企业、事件或者景点的电子宣传册时，可以在存储单元中存储有关这些项目的资料。当用作电子菜单时，则可以在存储单元中存储各种菜肴的信息，例如用料、口味、价格、图片和吃法等信息。当用作贺卡、礼品卡、请柬时，可以在存储单元中存储祝福语、具体的喜事等相比现有的纸质材料更丰富的内容。本领域的技术人员可以理解，存储单元一般都存储了有关蓝牙主控模块的基本属性信息，例如蓝牙设备名称和地址信息。The application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage unit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction. When you are in the brochure, you can store information about these items in the storage unit. When used as an electronic menu, information on various dishes such as materials, tastes, prices, pictures, and eating methods can be stored in the storage unit. When used as a greeting card, a gift card, or an invitation, the storage unit can store a richer content such as a greeting, a specific happy event, and the like than the existing paper material. Those skilled in the art can understand that the storage unit generally stores basic attribute information about the Bluetooth master module, such as Bluetooth device name and address information.
由于现有的蓝牙通信模块一般采用有源供电的方式，不用考虑功耗是否过大，所以本发明的非接触式卡片，解决其供电问题，就能避免在非接触式卡片上设置电池或者外接供电电源。通过耦合天线11及转换电路12，有效解决了蓝牙主控模块的供电问题。此外，考虑到耦合天线11能获取的电能较少的问题及本发明非接触式卡片的应用场合，可以将蓝牙主控模块配置为发射功率分贝值不大于-1dBm。这是因为，常规的蓝牙装置，通常的 接收灵敏度在-80dBm以上，而本发明的非接触式卡片，在使用时需要贴近手机等读写器，通信距离在10cm左右或以内(即0至10cm)，因此，为了降低本发明的蓝牙模块的功耗同时确保距离非接触式卡片30cm左右范围内的RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator，接收信号强度指示)大于-80dBm，蓝牙主控模块的发射功率不大于-1dBm就可以同时满足这两个条件。Since the existing Bluetooth communication module generally adopts an active power supply mode, regardless of whether the power consumption is too large, the non-contact card of the present invention solves the power supply problem, thereby avoiding setting a battery or an external connection on the contactless card. Power supply. Through the coupling antenna 11 and the conversion circuit 12, the power supply problem of the Bluetooth main control module is effectively solved. In addition, considering the problem that the coupled antenna 11 can obtain less power and the application of the contactless card of the present invention, the Bluetooth master module can be configured to have a transmit power decibel value of no more than -1 dBm. This is because of the conventional Bluetooth device, usually The receiving sensitivity is above -80 dBm, and the non-contact card of the present invention needs to be close to a reader such as a mobile phone when used, and the communication distance is about 10 cm or less (ie, 0 to 10 cm). Therefore, in order to reduce the Bluetooth module of the present invention. The power consumption also ensures that the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) in the range of about 30cm from the contactless card is greater than -80dBm, and the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module is not more than -1dBm. .
实施例二Embodiment 2
如图2所示，本发明的实施例还提供了另外一种非接触式卡片，其包括中心振荡频率在13.56MHz附近的耦合天线21、转换电路22和载波频率高于13.56MHz的无线通讯模块23。耦合天线21用于接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。转换电路22连接到耦合天线21，用于对接收到调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。无线通讯模块23连接到所述转换电路22，使用转换电路22输出的直流电压作为工作电源，被配置为采用高于13.56MHz的载波进行无线通信。As shown in FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a contactless card including a coupling antenna 21 having a center oscillation frequency of 13.56 MHz, a conversion circuit 22, and a wireless communication module having a carrier frequency higher than 13.56 MHz. twenty three. The coupling antenna 21 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. The conversion circuit 22 is connected to the coupling antenna 21 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and/or the carrier signal to output a DC voltage. The wireless communication module 23 is connected to the conversion circuit 22, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 22 as an operating power source, and is configured to perform wireless communication using a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz.
耦合天线21具有一线圈，其用于接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。本实施例中，非接触式卡片从NFC读写器通过耦合天线21来获取电能，而NFC通信的载波频率为13.56MHz，耦合天线21的中心振荡频率应与此接近，由于系统的偏差，耦合天线还可能会接收和处理频率在13.56MHz正负10％以内的调制信号或载波信号。采用频率为13.56MHz作为载波的通信系统，还有RFID(radio frequency identification，无线射频识别)通信系统，因此外部的调制信号和载波信号也可以来自RFID读写器。此外，耦合天线也可以为125kHz耦合天线，其中心振荡频率为125kHz，这是另外一种RFID通信系统采用的载波频率。The coupling antenna 21 has a coil for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. In this embodiment, the contactless card obtains electrical energy from the NFC reader through the coupling antenna 21, and the carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz, and the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna 21 should be close to this, due to system deviation, coupling The antenna may also receive and process modulated or carrier signals with frequencies between plus or minus 10% of 13.56 MHz. A communication system using a frequency of 13.56 MHz as a carrier, and an RFID (radio frequency identification) communication system, the external modulated signal and carrier signal can also come from the RFID reader. In addition, the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
转换电路22，其连接到耦合天线21，用于对接收的调制信号及载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。转换电路22将接收到的交流信号转换为直流电压，以向非接触式卡片的其他模块提供工作电源。一般而言，转换电路22包括整流部分和稳压部分，整流部分将交流电压变换为纹波电压较大的正电压，而稳压部分将纹波电压抹平，使得输出电压稳定且平缓。The conversion circuit 22 is connected to the coupling antenna 21 for rectifying and regulating the received modulated signal and the carrier signal to output a DC voltage. The conversion circuit 22 converts the received AC signal into a DC voltage to provide operating power to other modules of the contactless card. In general, the conversion circuit 22 includes a rectifying portion and a voltage stabilizing portion, and the rectifying portion converts the alternating current voltage into a positive voltage having a large ripple voltage, and the voltage stabilizing portion smoothes the ripple voltage, so that the output voltage is stable and gentle.
无线通讯模块23使用转换电路22输出的直流电压作为工作电源。无线通讯模块23被配置为采用高于13.56MHz的载波进行无线通信。当耦合天线为125kHz耦合天线时，无线通讯模块23被配置为采用高于125kHz的载波进行无线通信。The wireless communication module 23 uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 22 as an operating power source. The wireless communication module 23 is configured to communicate wirelessly using a carrier above 13.56 MHz. When the coupled antenna is a 125 kHz coupled antenna, the wireless communication module 23 is configured to communicate wirelessly using a carrier above 125 kHz.
影响无线通讯模块的整体功耗有几个主要的因素，包括发射功率、通信速率和接收灵敏度，可以通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或降低接收灵敏度等方式来降低无线通信模 块的功耗。There are several main factors affecting the overall power consumption of the wireless communication module, including transmission power, communication rate, and reception sensitivity. The wireless communication mode can be reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity. The power consumption of the block.
与前述实施例类似的，由于转换电路22供给的工作电源有限，为了避免无线通讯模块23的功耗过大而无法工作，考虑本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的应用场合，即通信距离一般在0.1米范围以内，因此可以降低无线通讯模块的发射功率，从而降低无线通讯模块23的功耗。现有的无线通讯设备，其接收灵敏度一般在-80dBm左右，个别超高灵敏度的可以达到-97dBm。因此，在假设移动终端的接收机的接收灵敏度为一般的-80dBm高灵敏度的情况下，可以尽可能地降低无线通讯模块的发射功率。可以先确定一个有效通信距离，然后，确定发射功率，确保有效通信距离内的任意一点的RSSI值大于接收机的接收灵敏度，而大于该有效通信距离的任意一点的RSSI值小于接收机的接收灵敏度，这种情况下，发射功率足够小而且能确保通信不会中断。Similar to the foregoing embodiment, since the operating power supply supplied by the conversion circuit 22 is limited, in order to prevent the power consumption of the wireless communication module 23 from being too large to work, the application of the contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention, that is, the communication distance is generally considered. Within the range of 0.1 m, the transmission power of the wireless communication module can be reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption of the wireless communication module 23. In the existing wireless communication equipment, the receiving sensitivity is generally about -80 dBm, and the individual ultra-high sensitivity can reach -97 dBm. Therefore, under the assumption that the receiving sensitivity of the receiver of the mobile terminal is generally -80 dBm high sensitivity, the transmission power of the wireless communication module can be reduced as much as possible. It is possible to first determine an effective communication distance, and then determine the transmission power to ensure that the RSSI value at any point within the effective communication distance is greater than the receiver sensitivity of the receiver, and the RSSI value at any point greater than the effective communication distance is less than the receiver sensitivity of the receiver. In this case, the transmit power is small enough to ensure that the communication is not interrupted.
优选地，无线通讯模块23被配置为采用高于13.56MHz的载波对外发射信号时，与无线通讯模块23的预设距离处的任一接收点(以非接触式卡片为中心，半径为预设距离的球面上的任意一点)的RSSI值不大于-100dBm。这样的配置，即能确保在预设距离内，移动终端等读写器能够有效接收到无线通讯模块23的信号，也能避免无线通讯模块23的功耗过大而因供电不足无法工作。本发明中，预设距离可以为0.1厘米(cm)到10cm，或者比0.1cm更近的距离，再或者比10cm更远的距离，可根据实际应用情况设定。Preferably, the wireless communication module 23 is configured to use any carrier at a preset distance from the wireless communication module 23 when a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz is used to transmit a signal (with a contactless card as the center, the radius is preset) The RSSI value of any point on the spherical surface of the distance is not more than -100 dBm. Such a configuration can ensure that the reader/writer such as the mobile terminal can effectively receive the signal of the wireless communication module 23 within a preset distance, and can also prevent the power consumption of the wireless communication module 23 from being excessively large and unable to work due to insufficient power supply. In the present invention, the preset distance may be from 0.1 centimeters (cm) to 10 cm, or a distance closer than 0.1 cm, or a distance further than 10 cm, which may be set according to practical applications.
本发明的无线通讯模块23，可以为蓝牙通信模块、Zigbee通信模块或WiFi通信模块等采用高于13.56MHz的载波进行无线通信的模块，其通信速度高于现有的NFC通信速度，因此可以克服现有技术中非接触式卡片通信速度慢的缺点。本领域的技术人员可知，ZigBee是基于IEEE802.15.4标准的低功耗无线连接技术，可工作在2.4GHz(全球流行)、868MHz(欧洲流行)和915MHz(美国流行)3个频段上；WiFi通信模块为基于IEEE 802.11系列标准的无线局域网(Wireless Fidelity)通信设备。The wireless communication module 23 of the present invention can be a module for wireless communication using a carrier higher than 13.56 MHz, such as a Bluetooth communication module, a Zigbee communication module or a WiFi communication module, and the communication speed is higher than the existing NFC communication speed, so it can be overcome The disadvantage of the slow communication speed of the contactless card in the prior art. Those skilled in the art will know that ZigBee is a low-power wireless connection technology based on IEEE802.15.4 standard, and can work in three frequency bands of 2.4 GHz (global popular), 868 MHz (popular in Europe) and 915 MHz (popular in the US); WiFi communication The module is a Wireless Fidelity communication device based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
本发明的实施例中，无线通讯模块23包括通信天线、存储单元和主控单元等常规无线通讯模块所包含的组成，主控单元通过通信天线接收载波频率高于13.56MHz的调制信号和发送调制信号，主控单元对调制信号进行解调并处理，根据需要对需要向外发送的数据进行调制。In the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication module 23 includes a composition included in a conventional wireless communication module such as a communication antenna, a storage unit, and a main control unit. The main control unit receives a modulated signal with a carrier frequency higher than 13.56 MHz and a transmission modulation through the communication antenna. The signal, the main control unit demodulates and processes the modulated signal, and modulates the data that needs to be sent out as needed.
无线通讯模块23的存储单元中，可以存储了一般意义上名片所包含的信息，例如姓名、地址、电话、职位和网址等，此外，由于本发明的非接触式卡片为大容量的卡片，则除了这些简单文本信息外，还可以存储图标、图片、语音、音乐、动画和视频等各种多媒体信息，以及文档、软件等，尤其是在商业应用层面的企业简介、产品目录、宣传视频等 综合多种媒体信息的内容。根据本发明的非接触式卡片的应用场合需要，可以组合性地在存储单元中存储各种信息，例如，当将本发明的非接触式卡片用作产品、人物、企业、事件或者景点的电子宣传册时，可以在存储单元中存储有关这些项目的资料。当用作电子菜单时，则可以在存储单元中存储各种菜肴的信息，例如用料、口味、价格、图片和吃法等信息。本领域的技术人员可以理解，存储单元一般都存储了有关无线通讯模块23的基本属性信息，例如设备名称和地址信息。相比现有的非接触式卡片，无线通讯模块的存储单元需要存储以上所列的部分或者全部多媒体信息，因此，需要采用比现有技术中几十字节大的存储器，优选地，本发明无线通讯模块的存储单元为大于或等于200千字节(kilobyte)，例如256千字节、512千字节、1M字节、2M字节和4M字节等字节的存储器，或者更大容量的存储单元。The storage unit of the wireless communication module 23 can store information contained in a business card in a general sense, such as a name, an address, a phone, a job, a website address, and the like. Further, since the contactless card of the present invention is a large-capacity card, In addition to these simple text messages, you can also store various multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations and videos, as well as documents, software, etc., especially in the business application level of corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos, etc. Integrate the content of multiple media information. The application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage unit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction. When you are in the brochure, you can store information about these items in the storage unit. When used as an electronic menu, information on various dishes such as materials, tastes, prices, pictures, and eating methods can be stored in the storage unit. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the storage unit typically stores basic attribute information about the wireless communication module 23, such as device name and address information. Compared with the existing contactless card, the storage unit of the wireless communication module needs to store some or all of the multimedia information listed above, and therefore, it is necessary to use a memory larger than tens of bytes in the prior art, and preferably, the present invention The storage unit of the wireless communication module is a memory larger than or equal to 200 kilobytes, for example, 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, and 4 Mbytes, or a larger capacity. Storage unit.
实施例三Embodiment 3
如图3所示，本发明实施例的非接触式卡片，其主要包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，NFC模块包括13.56MHz耦合天线31和转换电路32，蓝牙通信模块包括蓝牙主控模块34和蓝牙天线33。13.56MHz耦合天线31用于接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。本领域技术人员一般所称的耦合天线具有一个线圈。As shown in FIG. 3, the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module. The NFC module includes a 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 and a conversion circuit 32. The Bluetooth communication module includes a Bluetooth main control module 34 and Bluetooth. Antenna 33. The 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. A coupled antenna generally referred to by those skilled in the art has a coil.
转换电路32连接到13.56MHz耦合天线31，用于对接收到调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。转换电路将接收到的交流电压转换为直流电压，以向非接触式卡片的其他模块提供电源。蓝牙主控模块34与转换电路32相连，使用转换电路32输出的直流电压作为工作电源。The conversion circuit 32 is coupled to the 13.56 MHz coupled antenna 31 for rectifying and stabilizing the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage. The conversion circuit converts the received AC voltage to a DC voltage to provide power to other modules of the contactless card. The Bluetooth master module 34 is connected to the conversion circuit 32, and uses the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 32 as the operating power source.
蓝牙主控模块34，连接到蓝牙天线33，一方面用于解调从蓝牙天线33接收的调制信号，并对将要通过蓝牙天线33发送的数据进行调制。另一方面，根据解调得到的信号，从自身的内部存储器中读取数据或者向自身的内部存储器中写入数据。也即，蓝牙主控模块34中的内部存储器用来存储进行蓝牙通信的数据。The Bluetooth master module 34, connected to the Bluetooth antenna 33, is used on the one hand to demodulate the modulated signal received from the Bluetooth antenna 33 and to modulate the data to be transmitted via the Bluetooth antenna 33. On the other hand, based on the demodulated signal, data is read from its own internal memory or written into its own internal memory. That is, the internal memory in the Bluetooth master module 34 is used to store data for Bluetooth communication.
在蓝牙主控模块34自身的内部存储器容量较小而难以满足蓝牙通信的需求时，就需要扩充存储容量。对此，本发明的实施例还可以如图3所示增加外部存储器35，以与蓝牙主控模块34中的内部存储器共同存储用来进行蓝牙通信的数据。外部存储器35连接转换电路32和蓝牙主控模块34，接收转换电路32输出的直流电压作为工作电源。在这种情况下，蓝牙主控模块34自带的内部存储器与外部存储器35一起，可以总称为存储器，用来存储蓝牙主控模块34进行蓝牙通信的数据。When the internal memory capacity of the Bluetooth main control module 34 itself is small and it is difficult to meet the requirements of Bluetooth communication, it is necessary to expand the storage capacity. In this regard, embodiments of the present invention may also add external memory 35 as shown in FIG. 3 to store data for Bluetooth communication in conjunction with internal memory in Bluetooth master module 34. The external memory 35 is connected to the conversion circuit 32 and the Bluetooth main control module 34, and receives the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 32 as an operating power source. In this case, the internal memory of the Bluetooth master module 34, together with the external memory 35, may be collectively referred to as a memory for storing data for Bluetooth communication by the Bluetooth master module 34.
采用频率为13.56MHz作为载波的通信系统，主要有NFC通信系统和RFID(radio  frequency identification，无线射频识别)通信系统，外部的调制信号和载波信号可以是来自NFC读写器，也可以是来自RFID读写器。此外，耦合天线也可以为125kHz耦合天线，其中心振荡频率为125kHz，这是另外一种RFID通信系统采用的载波频率。A communication system using a frequency of 13.56 MHz as a carrier, mainly having an NFC communication system and RFID (radio) Frequency identification (radio frequency identification) communication system, the external modulation signal and carrier signal can be from the NFC reader or from the RFID reader. In addition, the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
对于NFC调制信号而言，一般均为具有规定格式的帧信号。NFC通信采用低幅度的幅移键控(Amplitude Shift Keying，ASK)调制方式，幅移键控的调制和解调，已经为本领域技术人员所熟知。由于NFC通信的载波频率为13.56MHz，耦合天线的中心振荡频率应与此接近。外部的调制信号一般由NFC读写器发出，本发明中，NFC读写器一般设置在移动终端，例如手机上。当NFC读写器没有向外传输调制信号与在其周围的NFC标签通信时，为了节省电源，NFC读写器此外也会周期性地(例如每隔0.5秒)向外发射载波信号或调制信号(即寻卡指令或叫搜索指令)，搜索附近的NFC标签。For an NFC modulated signal, it is generally a frame signal having a prescribed format. NFC communication uses low amplitude Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, amplitude shift keying modulation and demodulation, which are well known to those skilled in the art. Since the carrier frequency of the NFC communication is 13.56 MHz, the center oscillation frequency of the coupled antenna should be close to this. The external modulated signal is generally sent by an NFC reader. In the present invention, the NFC reader is generally disposed on a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone. When the NFC reader does not transmit the modulated signal to the NFC tag in its vicinity, in order to save power, the NFC reader will also periodically transmit the carrier signal or modulation signal periodically (for example, every 0.5 seconds). (ie, a card-seeking instruction or a search command) searches for nearby NFC tags.
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的蓝牙主控模块中，还可以包括时钟电路，与蓝牙天线相连，其用于从由蓝牙天线接收的调制信号中检测和提取时钟信号，该时钟信号可用于蓝牙通信。The Bluetooth main control module of the contactless card in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a clock circuit connected to the Bluetooth antenna for detecting and extracting a clock signal from a modulated signal received by the Bluetooth antenna, and the clock signal may be used for Bluetooth communication.
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片，还可以包括时钟处理电路。该时钟处理电路，其连接到13.56MHz耦合天线，用于从接收的调制信号中检测和提取时钟信号。在NFC通信中，定义了一个ETU(Elementary Time Unit，基本时间单元)，每个ETU的时长为传输一个比特(bite)的时间，根据1ETU＝128/fc，而fc＝13.56MHz，则一个ETU为9.44微秒。当NFC模块采用外部时钟来进行信号采样时，通过在载波信号上计数128个载波信号的信号周期，来作为一个ETU。The contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention may further include a clock processing circuit. The clock processing circuit is coupled to a 13.56 MHz coupled antenna for detecting and extracting a clock signal from the received modulated signal. In NFC communication, an ETU (Elementary Time Unit) is defined. The duration of each ETU is the time for transmitting one bit (bite). According to 1ETU=128/fc, and fc=13.56MHz, an ETU is used. It is 9.44 microseconds. When the NFC module uses an external clock for signal sampling, it counts as a ETU by counting the signal period of 128 carrier signals on the carrier signal.
但是，由于NFC模块可以处理一些自身需要的操作，这些操作可能并不需要13.56MHz这么高的时钟频率，从节约能源考虑，可以采用内部的相对而言更低频的内部时钟电路，其通过晶体振荡器或者可编程振荡器等方式产生。通过内部时钟电路，只要每计时到9.44微秒(一个ETU)就对调制信号或者解调信号进行取样，而不需要计数128个周期的载波信号。这种情况下，本发明的另一些实施例中，并没有在非接触式卡片中设置上述的时钟处理电路，而是设置内部时钟电路来实现时钟的同步。该内部时钟电路的振荡频率可以比13.56MHz高或者低。However, since the NFC module can handle some of the operations it needs, these operations may not require a clock frequency as high as 13.56 MHz. From the perspective of energy conservation, an internal relatively low frequency internal clock circuit can be used, which passes through the crystal oscillation. Generated by means of a programmable oscillator or the like. With the internal clock circuit, the modulated signal or the demodulated signal is sampled every time it is clocked to 9.44 microseconds (one ETU) without counting the carrier signal of 128 cycles. In this case, in other embodiments of the present invention, the above-described clock processing circuit is not provided in the contactless card, but an internal clock circuit is provided to synchronize the clock. The oscillation frequency of the internal clock circuit can be higher or lower than 13.56 MHz.
存储器可以存储了一般意义上名片所包含的信息，例如姓名、地址、电话、职位和网址等，此外，由于本发明的非接触式卡片为大容量的卡片，则除了这些简单文本信息外，还可以存储图标、图片、语音、音乐、动画和视频等其他多媒体信息，尤其是在商业应用层面的企业简介、产品目录、宣传视频等综合多种媒体信息的内容，以及文档、软件等，。 根据本发明的非接触式卡片的应用场合需要，可以组合性地在存储电路中存储各种信息，例如，当将本发明的非接触式卡片用作产品、人物、企业、事件或者景点的电子宣传册时，可以在存储电路中存储有关这些项目的资料。当用作电子菜单时，则可以在存储电路中存储各种菜肴、饮品等信息，例如用料、口味、价格、图片和吃法等信息。存储器还可以存储蓝牙通信模块的设备名称和地址信息。优选地，本发明无线通讯模块的存储单元为大于或等于200千字节(kilobyte)，例如256千字节、512千字节、1M字节、2M字节和4M字节等字节的存储器，或者更大容量的存储单元。The memory can store information contained in a business card in a general sense, such as a name, an address, a phone number, a job title, a website address, etc. Further, since the contactless card of the present invention is a large-capacity card, in addition to the simple text information, It can store other multimedia information such as icons, pictures, voices, music, animations and videos, especially the contents of comprehensive media information such as corporate profiles, product catalogs, promotional videos, etc. at commercial application level, as well as documents and software. The application of the contactless card according to the present invention requires that various information can be stored in the storage circuit in combination, for example, when the contactless card of the present invention is used as an electronic product, person, business, event or attraction. At the time of the brochure, information about these items can be stored in the storage circuit. When used as an electronic menu, information such as various dishes, drinks, and the like can be stored in the storage circuit, such as materials, tastes, prices, pictures, and eating methods. The memory can also store the device name and address information of the Bluetooth communication module. Preferably, the storage unit of the wireless communication module of the present invention is a memory greater than or equal to 200 kilobytes, for example, 256 kilobytes, 512 kilobytes, 1 Mbytes, 2 Mbytes, and 4 Mbytes. , or a larger capacity storage unit.
蓝牙主控模块一般包括信号收发处理单元、时钟单元、控制单元等，已经为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不赘述。The Bluetooth main control module generally includes a signal transceiving processing unit, a clock unit, a control unit, and the like, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
影响蓝牙主控模块的整体功耗有几个主要的因素，包括发射功率、通信速率和接收灵敏度等，本发明可以通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或降低接收灵敏度等方式来降低蓝牙主控模块的功耗。There are several main factors affecting the overall power consumption of the Bluetooth master module, including transmit power, communication rate, and receiving sensitivity. The present invention can reduce the Bluetooth master by reducing the transmit power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity. The power consumption of the module.
现有技术中常见的蓝牙通信模块一般都支持10米左右的通信距离，因此其工作时的功耗一般都比较大，如果仅仅利用13.56MHz模块的转换部分来供电，则存在供电不足的问题。蓝牙通信模块的发射功耗包括蓝牙主控模块内部电路工作时的静态功耗和发射信号时的发射功率，发射功耗与发射功率有关。发射功率主要与两个因素有关，其一是有效通信距离，距离越远，所需要的发射功率越大；其二是通信速率，通信速率越快则发射功率越大。The Bluetooth communication modules commonly used in the prior art generally support a communication distance of about 10 meters, so the power consumption during operation is generally relatively large. If only the conversion portion of the 13.56 MHz module is used for power supply, there is a problem of insufficient power supply. The transmission power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module includes the static power consumption of the internal circuit of the Bluetooth main control module and the transmission power when transmitting the signal, and the transmission power consumption is related to the transmission power. The transmission power is mainly related to two factors. One is the effective communication distance. The farther the distance is, the greater the required transmission power. The second is the communication rate. The faster the communication rate, the larger the transmission power.
为了降低非接触式卡片通信时的功耗，本发明的蓝牙通信模块优选支持BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy，低功耗蓝牙)4.0的蓝牙通信模块。另外一方面，为进一步降低发射功耗，本发明的蓝牙通信模块为进行了改善的蓝牙通信模块，其通过减小有效通信距离的方式来降低蓝牙通信模块的发射功率。例如，考虑到发明的非接触式卡片的应用形式一般为用户手持移动终端，然后将非接触式卡片贴近移动终端来进行访问的形式，则蓝牙通信模块的最大通信距离可以限制为例如0至10cm，例如1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、7cm、9cm等等0.1米以内。根据转换电路输出的直流电压的功率，蓝牙通信模块调整自身的发射功率，以降低蓝牙通信模块的功耗，进而降低整个非接触式卡片的功耗。例如，蓝牙主控模块的瞬时发射功率不大于转换电路的输出功率。优选地，使得蓝牙通信模块被配置为以最大通信距离进行信号发射时，瞬时发射功耗不超过(即小于或者等于)转换电路输出的功率。In order to reduce power consumption during contactless card communication, the Bluetooth communication module of the present invention preferably supports a Bluetooth communication module of BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) 4.0. On the other hand, to further reduce the transmission power consumption, the Bluetooth communication module of the present invention is an improved Bluetooth communication module that reduces the transmission power of the Bluetooth communication module by reducing the effective communication distance. For example, considering that the application form of the invented card is generally a form in which a user holds a mobile terminal and then contacts the non-contact card to the mobile terminal for access, the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth communication module can be limited to, for example, 0 to 10 cm. For example, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, etc. within 0.1 m. According to the power of the DC voltage outputted by the conversion circuit, the Bluetooth communication module adjusts its own transmission power to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth communication module, thereby reducing the power consumption of the entire contactless card. For example, the instantaneous transmit power of the Bluetooth master module is not greater than the output power of the conversion circuit. Preferably, when the Bluetooth communication module is configured to perform signal transmission at the maximum communication distance, the instantaneous transmission power consumption does not exceed (ie, is less than or equal to) the power output by the conversion circuit.
减小有效通信距离，一般通过降低蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，即将驱动电流降低的方 式来实现。因此，当希望发射功耗尽可能小时，可以限制有效通信距离为仅仅贴近的距离，例如1厘米以内。此时，根据有效通信距离与发射功率之间的换算关系(例如实施例一中的自由空间传播损耗计算公式)，将发射功率减小到对应的值即可。通过调整蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，将直接影响发射信号时的驱动电流，根据有效通信距离与驱动电流之间的换算关系，将驱动电流减小到对应的值即可。Reduce the effective communication distance, generally by reducing the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module, that is, the drive current is reduced. To achieve. Therefore, when it is desired that the transmission power consumption is as small as possible, the effective communication distance can be limited to a close distance, for example, within 1 cm. At this time, according to the conversion relationship between the effective communication distance and the transmission power (for example, the calculation formula of the free space propagation loss in the first embodiment), the transmission power may be reduced to a corresponding value. By adjusting the transmission power of the Bluetooth main control module, the driving current when the signal is transmitted is directly affected, and the driving current is reduced to the corresponding value according to the conversion relationship between the effective communication distance and the driving current.
而本发明的应用场合的通信距离一般都小于0.1米，例如5cm，因此，为了节省电源，可以配置蓝牙主控模块发射功率的分贝值小于-1dBm，可以选择--1dBm至--99dBm，甚至低至-110dBm。However, the communication distance of the application of the present invention is generally less than 0.1 m, for example, 5 cm. Therefore, in order to save power, the decibel value of the transmission power of the Bluetooth main control module can be configured to be less than -1 dBm, and -1 dBm to -99 dBm can be selected, even As low as -110dBm.
蓝牙主控模块在通信时的耗电是阶段性的，比如在一个设定的通信周期6.25ms内，前1.25ms用来接收和发送调制信号，瞬时电流为波峰值，1.25ms后，为蓝牙主控模块对接收到的调制信号进行内部处理(包括但不限于解调、解密、计算、写入和读取等)及处理完后休眠的阶段，此时工作电流比较平缓，功耗比较小，尤其当休眠时，工作电流为静态工作，只有若干μA。The power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module during communication is phased. For example, within a set communication period of 6.25 ms, the first 1.25 ms is used to receive and transmit the modulated signal, the instantaneous current is the peak value, and after 1.25 ms, it is Bluetooth. The main control module performs internal processing (including but not limited to demodulation, decryption, calculation, writing, and reading) on the received modulated signal, and sleeps after processing. At this time, the working current is relatively flat and the power consumption is relatively small. Especially when sleeping, the working current is static, only a few μA.
为了降低蓝牙主控模块的功耗，一种办法是将通信周期延长，从而降低平均功率。例如将通信周期调整到12.5ms，这样，由于耗电高的接收和发送调制信号所占的时间没有改变，而休眠时间增加了，就可以降低平均功率。In order to reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth master module, one way is to extend the communication cycle, thereby reducing the average power. For example, the communication cycle is adjusted to 12.5 ms. Thus, since the time taken to receive and transmit the modulated signal with high power consumption is not changed, and the sleep time is increased, the average power can be lowered.
因此，为了降低蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，本发明的另一些实施例通过降低通信速率的方式来实现，或者同时减小有效通信距离并降低通信速率。显然减小有效通信距离的方式能更加有效地降低蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，因此往往优先降低驱动电流，然后才考虑降低通信速率。Therefore, in order to reduce the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module, other embodiments of the present invention are implemented by reducing the communication rate, or simultaneously reducing the effective communication distance and reducing the communication rate. Obviously, the way to reduce the effective communication distance can reduce the transmission power of the Bluetooth master module more effectively, so the drive current is often reduced first, and then the communication rate is considered to be reduced.
此外，考虑到本发明的非接触式卡片更多的适用于公开信息的场合，例如名片卡、产品手册卡、菜单卡等，其不需要对所存储的信息进行保密。因此，为了降低卡片的功耗，在某些应用场合可以考虑将常规蓝牙主控模块中去掉主要用来实现加密、认证或者验证等功能的硬件模块，仅在特殊需求的卡片(例如金融卡、医疗卡)中保留。这样，信号的解调和调制过程，相对而言就能减少处理步骤，从而提高处理效率的同时减少功耗；另一方面，也能降低蓝牙主控模块的电路规模，从而降低静态工作功耗，进一步降低了成本。Further, in view of the fact that the contactless card of the present invention is more suitable for the case of public information, such as a business card, a product manual card, a menu card, etc., it is not necessary to keep the stored information confidential. Therefore, in order to reduce the power consumption of the card, in some applications, it is considered to remove the hardware module mainly used for implementing encryption, authentication or verification functions in the conventional Bluetooth main control module, only for cards with special requirements (such as financial cards, Reserved in the medical card). In this way, the demodulation and modulation process of the signal can relatively reduce the processing steps, thereby improving the processing efficiency while reducing the power consumption; on the other hand, the circuit scale of the Bluetooth main control module can be reduced, thereby reducing the static working power consumption. , further reducing costs.
具体地，本发明的实施例可以通过两个方面来配置蓝牙模块。本实施例的非接触式卡片的13.56MHz模块还可以包括一个控制电路，其连接到转换电路32和蓝牙主控模块34，控制电路实时监控转换电路所接收的电功率，根据该监控结果，发送通知信号给蓝牙主控模块，以配置蓝牙主控模块的最大通信距离或配置蓝牙主控模块的发射功率。另一方面， 也可以在生产过程中，就初始化设置蓝牙模块的最大通信距离或配置蓝牙模块的发射功率。In particular, embodiments of the present invention can configure a Bluetooth module in two ways. The 13.56 MHz module of the contactless card of this embodiment may further include a control circuit connected to the conversion circuit 32 and the Bluetooth main control module 34. The control circuit monitors the electric power received by the conversion circuit in real time, and sends a notification according to the monitoring result. Signal to the Bluetooth master module to configure the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth master module or configure the transmit power of the Bluetooth master module. on the other hand, It is also possible to initialize the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth module or configure the transmission power of the Bluetooth module during the production process.
这两种配置方式有不同的特点：为了尽可能将转换电路的电能都供给蓝牙通信模块，最好是在完成蓝牙连接或者蓝牙配对(后面将进行描述)后，就将13.56MHz模块中的有源电路关闭或者进入省电模式，例如关闭控制电路，而保持耦合天线和转换电路继续工作。这样的话，控制电路有可能无法向蓝牙主控模块发送有关转换电路的接收功率的通知信号，因此，往往需要在生产过程中就初始化蓝牙主控模块的最大通信距离或配置蓝牙主控模块的发射功率。These two configurations have different characteristics: in order to supply the power of the conversion circuit to the Bluetooth communication module as much as possible, it is better to complete the Bluetooth connection or Bluetooth pairing (described later), and the 13.56MHz module will be The source circuit is turned off or enters a power saving mode, such as turning off the control circuit while keeping the coupled antenna and switching circuit operating. In this case, the control circuit may not be able to send a notification signal about the received power of the conversion circuit to the Bluetooth main control module. Therefore, it is often necessary to initialize the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth main control module or configure the transmission of the Bluetooth main control module during the production process. power.
而如果在完成蓝牙连接或者蓝牙配对后不关闭控制电路，则控制电路可以实时将通知信号发送给蓝牙模块，其结果是，根据不同移动终端的NFC读写器的供电性能，转换电路具有较宽的接收功率，从而蓝牙主控模块也可以根据接收功率自主地调整最大的通信距离或者配置蓝牙主控模块的发射功率，其适应性更好，通信范围有可能更大。If the control circuit is not turned off after completing the Bluetooth connection or the Bluetooth pairing, the control circuit can send the notification signal to the Bluetooth module in real time, and as a result, the conversion circuit has a wider conversion according to the power supply performance of the NFC reader of different mobile terminals. The receiving power, so that the Bluetooth main control module can also adjust the maximum communication distance autonomously according to the receiving power or configure the transmitting power of the Bluetooth main control module, and the adaptability is better, and the communication range is likely to be larger.
本发明的实施例可以基于现有的NFC模块和现有的蓝牙模块进行简单设置而实现，不需要对这些硬件进行大幅度修改，将这两种模块的晶圆设计到同一个卡片并进行相应的配置即可。The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented based on the simple setting of the existing NFC module and the existing Bluetooth module, without substantially modifying the hardware, designing the wafers of the two modules to the same card and correspondingly The configuration is OK.
实施例四Embodiment 4
如图4所示，本发明实施例的非接触式卡片，主要包括耦合天线41、转换电路42、数据收发电路43、存储电路44、控制电路45以及蓝牙天线46。As shown in FIG. 4, the contactless card of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a coupling antenna 41, a conversion circuit 42, a data transceiver circuit 43, a storage circuit 44, a control circuit 45, and a Bluetooth antenna 46.
耦合天线41用于接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。典型地，调制信号及载波信号的频率为13.56MHz，耦合天线41接收的是NFC信号，或者耦合天线41接收的是RFID信号。The coupling antenna 41 is for receiving an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal. Typically, the frequency of the modulated signal and the carrier signal is 13.56 MHz, the coupled antenna 41 receives the NFC signal, or the coupled antenna 41 receives the RFID signal.
转换电路42连接到耦合天线41，用于对接收到调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。The conversion circuit 42 is coupled to the coupling antenna 41 for rectifying and stabilizing the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to output a DC voltage.
数据收发电路43、存储电路44和控制电路45均与转换电路42相连，使用转换电路42输出的直流电压作为工作电源。数据收发电路43分别连接到转换电路42和蓝牙天线46，用于对从蓝牙天线46接收的蓝牙信号进行解调，并对将要通过蓝牙天线46发送的蓝牙数据进行调制，获得蓝牙信号发送给蓝牙天线46。蓝牙天线46用于接收和发送蓝牙信号。The data transceiver circuit 43, the storage circuit 44, and the control circuit 45 are all connected to the conversion circuit 42, and the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 42 is used as the operating power source. The data transceiver circuit 43 is connected to the conversion circuit 42 and the Bluetooth antenna 46, respectively, for demodulating the Bluetooth signal received from the Bluetooth antenna 46, and modulating the Bluetooth data to be transmitted through the Bluetooth antenna 46 to obtain a Bluetooth signal and transmitting the Bluetooth signal to the Bluetooth signal. Antenna 46. Bluetooth antenna 46 is used to receive and transmit Bluetooth signals.
控制电路45，与数据收发电路43及存储电路44相连，根据数据收发电路43解调得到的信号，从存储电路44中读取数据或者向存储电路44写入数据。 The control circuit 45 is connected to the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 and the storage circuit 44, and reads data from the storage circuit 44 or writes data to the storage circuit 44 based on the signal demodulated by the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43.
目前的近距离通信系统，主要有NFC通信系统和RFID(radio frequency identification，无线射频识别)通信系统，因此外部的调制信号和载波信号可以是来自NFC读写器，也可以是来自RFID读写器。此外，耦合天线也可以为125kHz耦合天线，其中心振荡频率为125kHz，这是另外一种RFID通信系统采用的载波频率。The current short-range communication system mainly includes an NFC communication system and an RFID (radio frequency identification) communication system, so the external modulation signal and carrier signal can be from an NFC reader or from an RFID reader. . In addition, the coupled antenna can also be a 125 kHz coupled antenna with a center oscillation frequency of 125 kHz, which is another carrier frequency used by RFID communication systems.
本实施例将耦合天线41等视为非接触式卡片的主体，将数据收发电路43以及蓝牙天线46等视为一个通信链路。在本发明中，非接触式卡片的主体功能是对信号进行存储和处理，从这个意义上说，近距离通信(如NFC通信)和蓝牙通信都可以作为本发明的非接触式卡片的通信链路。In the present embodiment, the coupling antenna 41 and the like are regarded as the main body of the contactless card, and the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 and the Bluetooth antenna 46 are regarded as one communication link. In the present invention, the main function of the contactless card is to store and process signals. In this sense, short-range communication (such as NFC communication) and Bluetooth communication can be used as the communication chain of the contactless card of the present invention. road.
在本发明的另一些实施例中，非接触式卡片同时通过耦合天线和蓝牙天线与移动终端上的无线通讯模块进行通信。此时，数据收发电路43还连接到耦合天线41(如图4所示)，用于对从耦合天线41接收的调制信号进行解调，并对将要通过耦合天线41发送的数据进行调制后通过耦合天线41发送出去，其中该调制信号比如为NFC信号(当然，也可以是RFID信号)。In still other embodiments of the invention, the contactless card simultaneously communicates with the wireless communication module on the mobile terminal via the coupling antenna and the Bluetooth antenna. At this time, the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 is also connected to the coupling antenna 41 (shown in FIG. 4) for demodulating the modulated signal received from the coupling antenna 41, and modulating the data to be transmitted through the coupling antenna 41. The coupled antenna 41 is transmitted, wherein the modulated signal is, for example, an NFC signal (of course, it can also be an RFID signal).
在图4所示的实施例中，对于数据收发电路43不与耦合天线41相连的情形，仅采用蓝牙通信链路进行通讯，数据收发电路43主要用来对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调。对于数据收发电路43还与耦合天线41相连的情形，数据收发电路43不仅用来对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调，还用来对通过耦合天线41进行通讯的信号进行调制/解调。如果耦合天线41接收和发送的是NFC信号，则数据收发电路43不仅用来对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调，还对NFC信号进行调制/解调。总之，耦合天线41接收和发送非蓝牙信号(不同于蓝牙信号的调制信号)时，数据收发电路43不仅用来对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调，还对非蓝牙信号(如NFC信号)进行调制/解调。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, for the case where the data transceiving circuit 43 is not connected to the coupling antenna 41, only the Bluetooth communication link is used for communication, and the data transceiving circuit 43 is mainly used for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal. For the case where the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 is also connected to the coupling antenna 41, the data transmitting and receiving circuit 43 is used not only for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal but also for modulating/demodulating the signal communicated through the coupling antenna 41. If the coupled antenna 41 receives and transmits an NFC signal, the data transceiver circuit 43 is not only used to modulate/demodulate the Bluetooth signal, but also to modulate/demodulate the NFC signal. In summary, when the coupled antenna 41 receives and transmits a non-Bluetooth signal (a modulation signal different from the Bluetooth signal), the data transceiver circuit 43 is not only used to modulate/demodulate the Bluetooth signal, but also to modulate a non-Bluetooth signal (such as an NFC signal). /demodulation.
以耦合天线41接收和发送的是NFC信号为例，数据收发电路43同时对蓝牙信号和NFC信号进行调制/解调时，对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调的部分和对NFC信号进行调制/解调的部分，可以融合设置在一起，也可以单独地分离设置。本领域的技术人员同样能够理解，对于其他类型的非蓝牙信号，同样可以借助于NFC信号进行理解；也即，数据收发电路43同时对蓝牙信号和非蓝牙信号进行调制/解调时，对这两种信号进行调制/解调的部分可以融合设置在一起，也可以单独地分离设置。Taking the NFC signal received and transmitted by the coupling antenna 41 as an example, when the data transceiver circuit 43 simultaneously modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and the NFC signal, the portion that modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and modulates/decomposes the NFC signal. The adjusted parts can be fused together or separated separately. Those skilled in the art can also understand that for other types of non-Bluetooth signals, the same can be understood by means of NFC signals; that is, when the data transceiver circuit 43 simultaneously modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal and the non-Bluetooth signal, The portions of the two signals that are modulated/demodulated may be fused together or separately.
实施例五Embodiment 5
在实施例四的基础上，图5示出了本发明实施例的另一种非接触式卡片。On the basis of the fourth embodiment, Fig. 5 shows another contactless card of an embodiment of the present invention.
如图5所示，耦合天线41b接收和发送的是NFC信号，对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调的 是蓝牙信号处理电路42b，与对NFC信号进行调制/解调的NFC信号处理电路43b进行了分离设置。在这种情况下，耦合天线41b通常接收的是13.56MHz的NFC信号，主要用来对NFC信号进行调制/解调的部分为NFC信号处理电路43b，主要用来对蓝牙信号进行调制/解调的部分为蓝牙信号处理电路42b。转换电路44b同时连接NFC信号处理电路43b和蓝牙信号处理电路42b，分别为二者进行供电。耦合天线41b还与NFC信号处理电路43b相连，用于接收和发送NFC信号。蓝牙天线45b与蓝牙信号处理电路42b相连，用于接收和发送蓝牙信号。控制电路46b和存储电路47b与转换电路44b相连，接入直流电压进行工作，控制电路46b还同时连接NFC信号处理电路43b和蓝牙信号处理电路42b。而且，在具体实现时，控制电路46b和存储电路47b可以集成在一起。图5所示的实施例，还请参考图4所示实施例的描述。As shown in FIG. 5, the coupled antenna 41b receives and transmits an NFC signal, and modulates/demodulates the Bluetooth signal. The Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b is separately provided from the NFC signal processing circuit 43b that modulates/demodulates the NFC signal. In this case, the coupling antenna 41b generally receives an NFC signal of 13.56 MHz, and the portion mainly used for modulating/demodulating the NFC signal is an NFC signal processing circuit 43b, which is mainly used for modulating/demodulating the Bluetooth signal. The part is the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b. The conversion circuit 44b simultaneously connects the NFC signal processing circuit 43b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b to supply power to both. The coupled antenna 41b is also coupled to the NFC signal processing circuit 43b for receiving and transmitting NFC signals. The Bluetooth antenna 45b is connected to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b for receiving and transmitting Bluetooth signals. The control circuit 46b and the storage circuit 47b are connected to the conversion circuit 44b to operate with a DC voltage, and the control circuit 46b is also connected to the NFC signal processing circuit 43b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b. Moreover, in a specific implementation, the control circuit 46b and the memory circuit 47b can be integrated. For the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, please also refer to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG.
图5所示的实施例中，耦合天线41b和NFC信号处理电路43b构成非接触式卡片的一种通信链路(NFC通信链路)，而蓝牙天线45b和蓝牙信号处理电路42b构成非接触式卡片的另一种通信链路(蓝牙通信链路)。也就是说，本发明的非接触式卡片可以同时包括两种通信链路。对应地，在移动终端上的读写器端，为了与本发明的非接触式卡片进行通信，也配备了两种通信链路，以与本发明的非接触式卡片进行蓝牙通信和NFC通信。当将存储电路和控制电路共享设置时，可以由同一个单元(如控制电路)来实施，两种通信链路共享一个控制电路。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the coupling antenna 41b and the NFC signal processing circuit 43b constitute a communication link (NFC communication link) of the contactless card, and the Bluetooth antenna 45b and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 42b constitute a contactless type. Another communication link for the card (Bluetooth communication link). That is, the contactless card of the present invention can include both communication links at the same time. Correspondingly, in order to communicate with the contactless card of the present invention, the reader/writer terminal on the mobile terminal is also equipped with two communication links for Bluetooth communication and NFC communication with the contactless card of the present invention. When the storage circuit and the control circuit are shared, they can be implemented by the same unit (such as a control circuit), and the two communication links share one control circuit.
如前面实施例所述的，影响无线通讯的整体功耗有几个主要的因素，包括发射功率、通信速率和接收灵敏度，因此可以通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或降低接收灵敏度等方式来降低蓝牙信号处理电路和NFC信号处理电路的功耗。As described in the previous embodiments, there are several main factors affecting the overall power consumption of wireless communication, including transmission power, communication rate, and reception sensitivity, so that it can be reduced by reducing transmission power, reducing communication rate, or reducing reception sensitivity. Reduce the power consumption of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit and the NFC signal processing circuit.
优选地，蓝牙信号处理电路被配置为发射功率不大于-1dBm，例如被配置为-1dBm至-99dBm。另一方面，如果从接收机的角度考虑，可以根据非接触式卡片的应用场合，假设一个合理的有效通信距离，将这个有效通信距离定义为设定距离，只需要确保在设定距离内的任意一点的RSSI值大于接收机的接收灵敏度，而大于该有效通信距离的任意一点的RSSI值小于接收机的接收灵敏度，这种情况下，发射功率足够小而且能确保通信不会中断。优选地，蓝牙信号处理电路被配置为对外发射信号时，与非接触式卡片的预设距离处的任一接收点(以非接触式卡片为中心，半径为预设距离的球面上的任意一点)的RSSI值不大于-100dBm。Preferably, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to have a transmit power of no more than -1 dBm, for example configured from -1 dBm to -99 dBm. On the other hand, if considering from the perspective of the receiver, it is possible to define a valid communication distance as a set distance according to the application of the contactless card, and only need to ensure that it is within the set distance. The RSSI value at any point is greater than the receiver sensitivity of the receiver, and the RSSI value at any point greater than the effective communication distance is less than the receiver sensitivity of the receiver. In this case, the transmit power is sufficiently small and communication is guaranteed to be uninterrupted. Preferably, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to transmit any signal to any point at a predetermined distance from the contactless card (any point on the spherical surface with the radius being a preset distance centered on the contactless card) The RSSI value is not greater than -100 dBm.
根据转换电路输出的直流电源的功率，本实施例的蓝牙信号处理电路需要调整自身的发射功率，例如，蓝牙信号处理电路的瞬时发射功率不大于转换电路的输出功率。再例如 使得蓝牙信号处理电路被配置为以最大通信距离进行信号发射时，瞬时发射功耗不超过(即小于或者等于)转换电路输出的功率。具体地，可以通过两个方面来配置蓝牙信号处理电路。控制电路可以实时监控转换电路所接收的电功率，根据该监控结果，发送通知信号给蓝牙信号处理电路，以配置蓝牙单元的最大通信距离或配置蓝牙信号处理电路的发射功率。另一方面，可以在生产过程中，就初始化设置蓝牙信号处理电路的最大通信距离或配置蓝牙信号处理电路的发射功率。According to the power of the DC power source outputted by the conversion circuit, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit of this embodiment needs to adjust its own transmission power. For example, the instantaneous transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is not greater than the output power of the conversion circuit. Another example When the Bluetooth signal processing circuit is configured to transmit signals at the maximum communication distance, the instantaneous transmission power consumption does not exceed (ie, is less than or equal to) the power output by the conversion circuit. In particular, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit can be configured in two ways. The control circuit can monitor the electric power received by the conversion circuit in real time, and according to the monitoring result, send a notification signal to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit to configure the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth unit or configure the transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit. On the other hand, it is possible to initialize the maximum communication distance of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit or configure the transmission power of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit during the production process.
本实施例中，当不需要交换NFC信号时，而仅仅需要通过NFC通信链路取电，则可以不启用NFC信号处理电路。控制电路仅用于根据蓝牙信号处理电路的信号进行读取和写入。而当需要交换NFC信号时，例如，通过NFC通信链路快速交换蓝牙信号处理电路和移动终端上的蓝牙通信模块的设备名称和设备地址(也即配对)，则需要启用NFC信号处理电路，NFC信号处理电路用于模块对耦合天线的调制信号进行解调，并将需要交换的信息调制后通过耦合天线发送给移动终端上的NFC通信模块。In this embodiment, when it is not necessary to exchange the NFC signal, but only needs to be powered by the NFC communication link, the NFC signal processing circuit may not be enabled. The control circuit is only used to read and write according to the signals of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit. When the NFC signal needs to be exchanged, for example, by quickly exchanging the device name and device address (ie, pairing) of the Bluetooth signal processing circuit and the Bluetooth communication module on the mobile terminal through the NFC communication link, the NFC signal processing circuit, NFC, needs to be enabled. The signal processing circuit is configured to demodulate the modulated signal of the coupled antenna by the module, and modulate the information to be exchanged and send the information to the NFC communication module on the mobile terminal through the coupled antenna.
本发明的前述各实施例，虽然通过耦合天线获取电能有限，但是本发明的非接触式卡片的应用场合基本上在0.5米以内，例如只需要0-10cm的通信距离。因此，可以通过各种方式，来减小非接触式卡片的功耗。In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, although the power consumption by the coupled antenna is limited, the application of the contactless card of the present invention is substantially within 0.5 meters, for example, only a communication distance of 0-10 cm is required. Therefore, the power consumption of the contactless card can be reduced in various ways.
实施例六Embodiment 6
本发明实施例的另一种非接触式卡片，在前述实施例四的基础上，增加设置一个蓄电模块。如图6所示的本实施例中，蓄电模块63连接到转换电路62，包含有蓄电元件，利用转换电路62输出的直流电压对蓄电元件进行充电。In another non-contact card according to the embodiment of the present invention, an electric storage module is additionally provided on the basis of the foregoing fourth embodiment. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the power storage module 63 is connected to the conversion circuit 62, and includes a storage element, and the storage element is charged by the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 62.
本实施例中，主要是考虑到蓝牙通信链路工作时，在一个通信周期内，只有前面一部分时间消耗较大的电能，而剩余时间的消耗很少。存在一种情况，产生电流波峰时，其瞬时功率超过了转换电路提供的电功率。此时，为了保证蓝牙通信链路能正常工作，可以在其工作前，先通过蓄电模块63进行充电，等充电达到设定值时，开启蓝牙通信链路中的元器件进行通信。In this embodiment, it is mainly considered that when the Bluetooth communication link operates, only a part of the time consumes a large amount of power in one communication cycle, and the remaining time consumption is small. There is a case where the instantaneous power of the current peak exceeds the electrical power supplied by the conversion circuit. At this time, in order to ensure that the Bluetooth communication link can work normally, it can be charged by the power storage module 63 before its operation, and when the charging reaches the set value, the components in the Bluetooth communication link are turned on for communication.
由于一个通信周期的后半部分消耗较少的电能，所以在后半部分的周期中，转换电路62除了直接供电给相关电路工作，还能继续给蓄电模块63充电，从而为下一个通信周期的瞬时电流波峰做准备。比如在一个设定的通信周期6.25ms内，前1.25ms用来接收和发送调制信号，瞬时电流为波峰值；1.25ms后，为蓝牙通信链路对接收到的调制信号进行内部处理(包括但不限于解调、解密、计算、写入和读取等)及处理完后休眠的阶段。Since the second half of a communication cycle consumes less power, in the second half of the cycle, the conversion circuit 62 can continue to charge the power storage module 63 in addition to directly supplying power to the associated circuit, thereby providing the next communication cycle. The instantaneous current peak is prepared. For example, within a set communication period of 6.25 ms, the first 1.25 ms is used to receive and transmit the modulated signal, and the instantaneous current is the peak value; after 1.25 ms, the received modulated signal is internally processed for the Bluetooth communication link (including It is not limited to demodulation, decryption, calculation, writing, and reading, etc., and the stage of sleep after processing.
本发明实施例中的蓄电模块，还可以包括蓄电控制单元，前述的蓄电元件为电容或者 电感等具备积蓄电能的一个或多个元器件，蓄电控制单元用于控制蓄电元件的充电和放电。如前面所述，在一个通信周期的靠后部分，蓝牙通信链路消耗非常少的电能，此时蓄电控制单元就可以控制蓄电元件进行更充分的充电，为高耗能的动作和时刻做准备。The power storage module in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a power storage control unit, and the foregoing power storage component is a capacitor or The inductor or the like has one or more components for accumulating electric energy, and the electric storage control unit is for controlling charging and discharging of the electric storage device. As mentioned earlier, in the latter part of a communication cycle, the Bluetooth communication link consumes very little power, and the power storage control unit can control the storage element for more adequate charging, which is a high-energy operation and time. prepare.
上述是以转换电路62和蓄电模块63同时向非接触式卡片的其他模块供电的并联方式描述的，当然，转换电路62和蓄电模块63也可以是串联方式的关系，即，转换电路62输出的直流电压只提供给蓄电模块63，再由蓄电模块63向非接触式卡片的其他模块供电。The above is described in a parallel manner in which the conversion circuit 62 and the power storage module 63 simultaneously supply power to other modules of the contactless card. Of course, the conversion circuit 62 and the power storage module 63 may also be in a series relationship, that is, the conversion circuit 62. The output DC voltage is supplied only to the power storage module 63, and the power storage module 63 supplies power to other modules of the contactless card.
图6所示的实施例中，耦合天线61、转换电路62、存储电路64、控制电路65、数据收发电路66、蓝牙天线67等请对照图4所示实施例中对应电路进行连接，此处不再赘述。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the coupling antenna 61, the conversion circuit 62, the storage circuit 64, the control circuit 65, the data transceiver circuit 66, the Bluetooth antenna 67, etc. are connected to the corresponding circuits in the embodiment shown in FIG. No longer.
增加设置了蓄电模块后，就没有必要限定蓝牙通信链路的瞬时功率不大于转换电路的输出功率。在这种情况下，只要存储电路、数据收发电路及控制电路在单个通讯周期内的累计功耗不大于转换电路的累计输出功率，也能保证非接触式卡片的正常工作。这样的情况下，数据收发电路可的瞬时功率可以大于转换电路的输出功率，从而提高了非接触式卡片的稳定性。After the power storage module is added, it is not necessary to limit the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication link to be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit. In this case, as long as the accumulated power consumption of the storage circuit, the data transceiver circuit, and the control circuit in a single communication cycle is not greater than the cumulative output power of the conversion circuit, the normal operation of the contactless card can be ensured. In this case, the instantaneous power of the data transceiver circuit can be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit, thereby improving the stability of the contactless card.
实施例七Example 7
前述实施例六在实施例四基础上增加蓄电模块，同理，在实施例五的基础上同样也可以增加蓄电模块。如图7所示，本发明实施例的另一种非接触式卡片，在前述实施例五的基础上，增加设置一个蓄电模块78。蓄电模块78连接到转换电路74，包含有蓄电元件，利用转换电路74输出的直流电压对蓄电元件进行充电。蓄电模块78分别连接到转换电路74、控制电路76、NFC信号处理电路73和蓝牙信号处理电路72(图中未示出相应的连接关系)，用于仅向蓝牙信号处理电路72供电或者分别向控制电路76、NFC信号处理电路73和蓝牙信号处理电路72供电，以在蓝牙信号处理电路72从转换电路74处获取电能的同时，向蓝牙信号处理电路72进行补充供电；或者在控制电路76、NFC信号处理电路73和蓝牙信号处理电路72等从转换电路74处获取电能的同时，向控制电路76、NFC信号处理电路73和蓝牙信号处理电路72进行补充供电。本实施例中的耦合天线71、蓝牙信号处理电路72、NFC信号处理电路73、转换电路74、蓝牙天线75、控制电路76以及存储电路77等，还请结合前述实施例五、实施例四以及实施例六，此处不再赘述。而且，需要说明的是，本实施例是基于前述图5所示实施例五的基础上，借鉴前述实施例六基于实施例四的改进而得出，因此前述实施例五、实施例四以及实施例六的内容均有助于理解图7所示实施例。In the foregoing embodiment 6, the power storage module is added on the basis of the fourth embodiment. Similarly, the power storage module can also be added on the basis of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, another non-contact card according to an embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a power storage module 78 based on the foregoing fifth embodiment. The power storage module 78 is connected to the conversion circuit 74, and includes a storage element, and the storage element is charged by the DC voltage output from the conversion circuit 74. The power storage module 78 is connected to the conversion circuit 74, the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 (the corresponding connection relationship is not shown) for supplying power only to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 or respectively. Power is supplied to the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 to supplement the power supply to the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 while the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 is acquiring power from the conversion circuit 74; or at the control circuit 76. The NFC signal processing circuit 73 and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72 and the like receive power from the conversion circuit 74, and supply power to the control circuit 76, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, and the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72. The coupling antenna 71, the Bluetooth signal processing circuit 72, the NFC signal processing circuit 73, the conversion circuit 74, the Bluetooth antenna 75, the control circuit 76, the storage circuit 77, and the like in this embodiment are also combined with the foregoing embodiment 5 and the fourth embodiment. Embodiment 6 is not described here. Moreover, it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the foregoing fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and is based on the improvement of the fourth embodiment based on the foregoing embodiment 6, and thus the foregoing embodiment five, the fourth embodiment and the implementation The contents of Example 6 are helpful in understanding the embodiment shown in FIG.
同理，如实施例六所述的，本发明的其他实施例中，也可以是转换电路74输出的直 流电压只提供给蓄电模块78，再由蓄电模块78向非接触式卡片的其他模块供电。Similarly, as in the sixth embodiment, in other embodiments of the present invention, the output of the conversion circuit 74 may also be straight. The flow voltage is supplied only to the power storage module 78, and the power storage module 78 supplies power to other modules of the contactless card.
实施例八Example eight
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片与移动终端的通信连接方法，如图8所示，一般包括如下步骤：The communication connection method between the contactless card and the mobile terminal in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, generally includes the following steps:
步骤S810，用户将非接触式卡片贴近移动终端。In step S810, the user brings the contactless card close to the mobile terminal.
步骤S820，当移动终端打开了读写器，非接触式卡片进入了有效通信范围，则能接收到13.56MHz的调制信号或者载波信号，转换电路对交流电压进行转换，以供给其他电路，非接触式卡片的NFC模块开始工作。Step S820, when the mobile terminal opens the reader, the contactless card enters the effective communication range, and can receive the 13.56 MHz modulated signal or the carrier signal, and the conversion circuit converts the AC voltage to supply other circuits, non-contact. The NFC module of the card starts working.
步骤S830，NFC模块协助蓝牙通信模块完成移动终端与非接触式卡片之间的蓝牙配对。利用NFC模块来进行蓝牙通信模块的快速配对，然后建立蓝牙通信模式，已经为本领域技术人员所熟知，例如中国专利申请号CN201210007084.2、CN201010019422.5和CN200480015810.9所公开的配对及连接建立方法。本申请不再对此进行描述。Step S830, the NFC module assists the Bluetooth communication module to complete Bluetooth pairing between the mobile terminal and the contactless card. The use of an NFC module for fast pairing of Bluetooth communication modules and then establishing a Bluetooth communication mode is well known to those skilled in the art, such as the pairing and connection establishment disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Nos. CN201210007084.2, CN201010019422.5, and CN200480015810.9. method. This application does not describe this.
尽管利用NFC模块来协助蓝牙通信模块完成配对具有这样的优点，但是本发明并不限定协助蓝牙通信模块的配对是本发明的NFC模块必备的一个功能，利用现有的蓝牙配对方式(例如在移动设备上搜索蓝牙通信模块，然后进行选取和配对)进行配对也是可行的。本发明的NFC模块主要用于向蓝牙通信模块供电，或者主要用于低速通信(相对于蓝牙通信模块而言)。Although the use of the NFC module to assist the Bluetooth communication module in completing the pairing has such advantages, the present invention is not limited to assisting the pairing of the Bluetooth communication module as a necessary function of the NFC module of the present invention, utilizing the existing Bluetooth pairing method (for example, It is also possible to search for a Bluetooth communication module on a mobile device and then select and pair it. The NFC module of the present invention is mainly used to supply power to a Bluetooth communication module, or mainly for low speed communication (relative to a Bluetooth communication module).
需要注意的时，蓝牙通信模块可以工作在主机模式、从机模式及广播模式下。当蓝牙通信模块工作在广播模式下时，本发明的非接触式卡片无需与读写器上的蓝牙装置配对，在非接触式卡片有效通信范围内的蓝牙装置，都能接收到非接触式卡片对外发送的蓝牙通信信号，从而将存储单元的数据传送给读写器。When you need to pay attention, the Bluetooth communication module can work in master mode, slave mode and broadcast mode. When the Bluetooth communication module works in the broadcast mode, the contactless card of the present invention does not need to be paired with the Bluetooth device on the reader/writer, and the Bluetooth device within the effective communication range of the contactless card can receive the contactless card. The Bluetooth communication signal sent to the outside, thereby transferring the data of the storage unit to the reader.
步骤S840，保持非接触式卡片在移动终端的读写器的有效通信范围，利用蓝牙通信模块与移动终端进行通信传输。Step S840, maintaining the effective communication range of the contactless card in the reader/writer of the mobile terminal, and transmitting and transmitting with the mobile terminal by using the Bluetooth communication module.
不难理解，图8所示实施例中的NFC模块可以替换为本发明前述实施例中的13.56MHz模块。对于以13.56MHz模块替换为NFC模块的实施例，还请参考图8所示的实施例八的技术内容，以及实施例一至实施例七所述的非接触式卡片。It is not difficult to understand that the NFC module in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 can be replaced with the 13.56 MHz module in the foregoing embodiment of the present invention. For the embodiment in which the 13.56 MHz module is replaced with the NFC module, please refer to the technical content of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and the non-contact card according to the first embodiment to the seventh embodiment.
由于本发明实施例提供的非接触式卡片同时采用了NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，利用NFC模块给进行了改善之后的蓝牙通信模块进行供电。该进行了改善的蓝牙通信模块相比现有的蓝牙通信模块有效通信距离短、其功耗低，优选地该蓝牙通信模块消耗的瞬时功率小于或者等于NFC模块提供的功率，因此即使非接触式卡片不设置电池也能够保持正 常工作。另外，由于蓝牙模块的传输速度比NFC模块快好几到几十倍，因此，本发明的组合方案解决了供电和传输速度之间相矛盾的问题。Since the contactless card provided by the embodiment of the present invention simultaneously adopts the NFC module and the Bluetooth communication module, the improved communication module is powered by the NFC module. The improved Bluetooth communication module has a short effective communication distance and low power consumption compared to the existing Bluetooth communication module. Preferably, the Bluetooth communication module consumes less than or equal to the power provided by the NFC module, so even the non-contact type The card can remain positive without setting the battery. Work often. In addition, since the transmission speed of the Bluetooth module is several to several tens of times faster than that of the NFC module, the combination scheme of the present invention solves the problem of contradiction between power supply and transmission speed.
尽管上述实施例中是以非接触式卡片中没有设置独立供电电池为例进行说明的，在实际中，也可以在非接触式卡片设置独立供电电池，以满足某些场合的需要。本领域技术人员可以理解，设置独立供电电池后，也不影响上述实施例的实现。另外，可以理解，也可以在蓝牙主控模块中设置存储单元，将上述在存储电路中存储的多媒体信息存储在蓝牙主控模块的存储单元中，则在完成蓝牙配对后，非接触式卡片与移动终端之间的通信可以在蓝牙主控模块上实现，从而可以将NFC模块或NFC信号处理电路关闭或者进入省电模式，此时转换电路仍能正常接收载波信号或者调制信号以向其他电路及蓝牙主控模块供电，不影响蓝牙主控模块的工作。Although the above embodiment is described by taking an independent power supply battery in the non-contact card as an example, in practice, an independent power supply battery can also be provided in the contactless card to meet the needs of some occasions. Those skilled in the art can understand that the implementation of the above embodiments is not affected after the independent power supply battery is provided. In addition, it can be understood that the storage unit can also be set in the Bluetooth main control module, and the multimedia information stored in the storage circuit is stored in the storage unit of the Bluetooth main control module, and after the Bluetooth pairing is completed, the contactless card and the The communication between the mobile terminals can be implemented on the Bluetooth main control module, so that the NFC module or the NFC signal processing circuit can be turned off or enter the power saving mode, and the conversion circuit can still normally receive the carrier signal or the modulated signal to other circuits and The power supply of the Bluetooth main control module does not affect the work of the Bluetooth main control module.
实施例九Example nine
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的通讯方法中，非接触式卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块。如图9所示，该通讯方法主要包括如下步骤。In the communication method of the contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention, the contactless card includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module. As shown in FIG. 9, the communication method mainly includes the following steps.
步骤S910，NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号。Step S910, the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal.
步骤S920，NFC模块对所接收到的调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出直流电压。Step S920, the NFC module rectifies and stabilizes the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal, and outputs a DC voltage.
步骤S930，蓝牙通信模块接入该直流电压作为工作电源，利用该直流电压与外部进行蓝牙通信，包括利用该直流电压进行与蓝牙通信相关的数据读或写。Step S930, the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source, and performs Bluetooth communication with the external DC voltage, and uses the DC voltage to perform data reading or writing related to Bluetooth communication.
蓝牙通信模块在与外部进行蓝牙通信时，通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度来降低功耗，保证根据外部的调制信号和/或载波信号所输出的直流电压能够支持卡片的正常工作。When the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the power consumption is reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the receiving sensitivity, and ensuring that the DC voltage output according to the external modulation signal and/or carrier signal can support the normal card. jobs.
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的通讯方法中，蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。In the communication method of the contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the DC voltage output by the NFC module.
由于非接触式卡片可以根据用途配置为只读或可读可写，因此，非接触式卡片的蓝牙通信可以仅仅为读数据操作，而不包含写数据操作；或者是包含读数据操作和写数据操作。Since the contactless card can be configured to be read-only or readable and writable according to the purpose, the Bluetooth communication of the contactless card can be only for the read data operation, and does not include the write data operation; or the read data operation and the write data are included. operating.
实施例十Example ten
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的供电方法中，该非接触式卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块。如图10所示，该供电方法主要包括有如下步骤。In the power supply method of the contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention, the contactless card includes an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module. As shown in FIG. 10, the power supply method mainly includes the following steps.
步骤SA1，NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或未调制的载波信号。In step SA1, the NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or an unmodulated carrier signal.
步骤SA2，NFC模块对所接收到的调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，获得直 流电压。In step SA2, the NFC module rectifies and stabilizes the received modulated signal and/or carrier signal to obtain a straight Current voltage.
步骤SA3，蓝牙通信模块接入该直流电压作为工作电源。在应用时，蓝牙通信模块利用该直流电压为与外部进行的蓝牙通信进行供电，并利用该直流电压为对应于该蓝牙通信所进行的数据读或写进行供电。In step SA3, the Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source. In application, the Bluetooth communication module uses the DC voltage to supply power to the external Bluetooth communication, and uses the DC voltage to supply power for data reading or writing corresponding to the Bluetooth communication.
本发明的实施例中，蓝牙通信模块可以仅使用直流电压作为工作电源。在另一些实施例中，还可以利用NFC模块输出的直流电压对非接触式卡片的内置的蓄电模块进行充电，并利用蓄电模块独立地或者与NFC模块一起为蓝牙通信模块进行供电。In an embodiment of the invention, the Bluetooth communication module can use only a DC voltage as the operating power source. In other embodiments, the built-in power storage module of the contactless card can also be charged by using the DC voltage output by the NFC module, and the power storage module can be used to power the Bluetooth communication module independently or together with the NFC module.
蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信时，减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗，保证根据外部的调制信号和/或载波信号所输出的直流电压能够支持卡片的正常工作。When the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is lowered, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption, and the DC voltage output according to the external modulation signal and/or carrier signal can support the normal operation of the card.
本发明的供电方法中，蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。In the power supply method of the present invention, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the DC voltage output by the NFC module.
由于非接触式卡片可以根据用途配置为只读或可读可写，因此，非接触式卡片的蓝牙通信可以仅仅为读数据操作，而不包含写数据操作；或者是包含读数据操作和写数据操作。Since the contactless card can be configured to be read-only or readable and writable according to the purpose, the Bluetooth communication of the contactless card can be only for the read data operation, and does not include the write data operation; or the read data operation and the write data are included. operating.
在利用该直流电压为与外部进行蓝牙通信进行供电时，通过减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度，来降低进行蓝牙通信的功耗。实时监控该直流电压的电功率，并根据监控结果配置蓝牙通信的最大通信距离或发射功率。When the DC voltage is used to supply power to the outside for Bluetooth communication, the power consumption of Bluetooth communication is reduced by reducing the transmission power, reducing the communication rate, or reducing the reception sensitivity. The electric power of the DC voltage is monitored in real time, and the maximum communication distance or transmission power of the Bluetooth communication is configured according to the monitoring result.
本发明实施例的非接触式卡片的供电方法，还利用该直流电压对内置的蓄电模块进行充电，再利用该蓄电模块独立地或者与该直流电压一起为与外部的通信进行供电。In the method for supplying a contactless card according to the embodiment of the present invention, the built-in power storage module is further charged by the DC voltage, and the power storage module is used to supply power to the external communication independently or together with the DC voltage.
对本发明实施例九所描述的非接触式卡片的通讯方法和本发明实施例十所描述的非接触式卡片的供电方法，还请参考前述实施例三中对非接触式卡片的描述。当然，前述实施例一、实施例二、以及实施例四至实施例八所描述的内容也能帮助理解本发明实施例九所描述的非接触式卡片的通讯方法和本发明实施例十所描述的非接触式卡片的供电方法，请一并参考。For the communication method of the contactless card described in the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the power supply method of the contactless card described in the tenth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to the description of the contactless card in the foregoing third embodiment. Of course, the foregoing descriptions of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the fourth embodiment to the eighth embodiment can also help to understand the communication method of the contactless card described in the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the description of the tenth embodiment of the present invention. For the power supply method of contactless cards, please refer to them together.
其他变形例Other variants
1、实施例六和实施例七分别说明了在非接触式卡片上设置蓄电模块的实施方式，根据本发明的另一方面，也可以将这一的蓄电模块设置到前述的实施例一至三中，用于平衡非接触式卡片不同工作状态下的耗电情况，提高非接触式卡片的稳定性。而且，增加设置了蓄电模块后，就没有必要限定蓝牙主控模块的瞬时功率不大于转换电路的输出功率，只要蓝牙主控模块在单个通信周期内的累计功耗不大于转换电路的累计输出功率，也能让非 接触式卡片正常工作。这样的情况下，蓝牙主控模块的瞬时功率可以大于转换电路的输出功率，从而提高了非接触式卡片的稳定性。1. Embodiment 6 and Embodiment 7 respectively illustrate an embodiment in which a power storage module is disposed on a contactless card. According to another aspect of the present invention, the power storage module may be disposed to the foregoing embodiment 1 to The third is used to balance the power consumption of the non-contact card under different working conditions, and improve the stability of the non-contact card. Moreover, after the power storage module is added, it is not necessary to limit the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth main control module to be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit, as long as the cumulative power consumption of the Bluetooth main control module in a single communication cycle is not greater than the cumulative output of the conversion circuit. Power can also make non The contact card works fine. In this case, the instantaneous power of the Bluetooth master module can be greater than the output power of the conversion circuit, thereby improving the stability of the contactless card.
2、上述实施例中，蓝牙主控模块或者控制电路中，可以包含CPU或MCU，也可以不包含，而是由能完成特定功能的硬件电路来替换CPU或者MCU的功能。当包含CPU或者MCU时，非接触式卡片的功能可以通过固件或者软件的方式进行修改和调整，具有较大的灵活性；而采用定制的硬件电路实现时，响应速度更快、电路更省电。2. In the above embodiment, the Bluetooth main control module or the control circuit may include a CPU or an MCU, or may not include, but replace the function of the CPU or the MCU by a hardware circuit capable of performing a specific function. When a CPU or MCU is included, the function of the contactless card can be modified and adjusted by firmware or software, and has greater flexibility. When the customized hardware circuit is implemented, the response speed is faster and the circuit is more power-saving. .
本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本发明实施例所提供的装置各组成部分，以及方法中的各步骤，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上。可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现。从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。Those skilled in the art should understand that the components of the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention and the steps in the method may be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed in a network composed of multiple computing devices. on. Alternatively, they may be implemented in program code executable by a computing device. Thus, they may be stored in a storage device by a computing device, or they may be fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof may be implemented as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容仅为便于理解本发明技术方案而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。 The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as described above, but the description is only for the purpose of understanding the technical solutions of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification and variation in the form and details of the embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope defined by the appended claims shall prevail.

Claims (17)

  1. 一种非接触式卡片，包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：A contactless card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein:
    所述NFC模块用于接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；The NFC module is configured to receive an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and output a DC voltage according to the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal;
    所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源，用于与外部进行蓝牙通信。The Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source for Bluetooth communication with the outside.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式卡片，其中，The contactless card according to claim 1, wherein
    所述蓝牙通信模块仅使用所述直流电压作为工作电源。The Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式卡片，其中，该非接触式卡片包括：The contactless card of claim 1 wherein the contactless card comprises:
    蓄电模块，用于利用所述NFC模块输出的直流电压进行充电，独立地或者与所述NFC模块一起为所述蓝牙通信模块进行供电。The power storage module is configured to perform charging by using a DC voltage output by the NFC module, or to supply power to the Bluetooth communication module independently or together with the NFC module.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式卡片，其中，The contactless card according to claim 1, wherein
    所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。The instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式卡片，其中，所述NFC模块包括：The contactless card of claim 1, wherein the NFC module comprises:
    耦合天线，用于接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号；a coupling antenna for receiving an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal;
    转换电路，用于对所述耦合天线接收的调制信号和/或载波信号进行整流和稳压，输出所述直流电压。And a conversion circuit for rectifying and stabilizing the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal received by the coupled antenna, and outputting the DC voltage.
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的非接触式卡片，其中，所述蓝牙通信模块包括：The contactless card according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Bluetooth communication module comprises:
    蓝牙天线，用于向外部发射蓝牙信号或者接收外部的蓝牙信号；a Bluetooth antenna for transmitting a Bluetooth signal to the outside or receiving an external Bluetooth signal;
    蓝牙主控模块，用于接入所述直流电压作为工作电源，用于调制生成向外部发射的所述蓝牙信号和/或对外部接收的所述蓝牙信号进行解调。The Bluetooth main control module is configured to access the DC voltage as an operating power source for modulating and generating the Bluetooth signal transmitted to the outside and/or demodulating the Bluetooth signal received externally.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式卡片，其中：The contactless card of claim 6 wherein:
    所述蓝牙主控模块被配置为减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。The Bluetooth master module is configured to reduce transmit power, reduce communication rate, or reduce receive sensitivity to reduce power consumption.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式卡片，其中： The contactless card of claim 6 wherein:
    所述蓝牙主控模块进一步包括内部存储器，用于为所述蓝牙通信存储数据；所述内部存储器的容量大于200千字节。The Bluetooth master module further includes an internal memory for storing data for the Bluetooth communication; the internal memory has a capacity greater than 200 kilobytes.
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式卡片，其中，所述非接触式卡片包括：The contactless card of claim 6 wherein said contactless card comprises:
    外部存储器；External memory
    所述蓝牙主控模块进一步包括内部存储器；The Bluetooth master module further includes an internal memory;
    所述外部存储器与所述内部存储器用于为所述蓝牙通信存储数据，所述外部存储器与所述内部存储器的总容量大于200千字节。The external memory and the internal memory are used to store data for the Bluetooth communication, the total capacity of the external memory and the internal memory being greater than 200 kilobytes.
  10. 一种非接触式卡片的通讯方法，所述卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：A communication method for a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein:
    所述NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；The NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and outputs a DC voltage according to the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal;
    所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源；The Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source;
    所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信。The Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中：The method of claim 10 wherein:
    所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信时，减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。When the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is lowered, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中：The method of claim 10 wherein:
    所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。The instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
  13. 一种非接触式卡片的供电方法，所述卡片包括NFC模块和蓝牙通信模块，其中：A method for powering a contactless card, the card comprising an NFC module and a Bluetooth communication module, wherein:
    所述NFC模块接收外部的调制信号和/或载波信号，并根据所述调制信号和/或载波信号输出直流电压；The NFC module receives an external modulated signal and/or a carrier signal, and outputs a DC voltage according to the modulated signal and/or the carrier signal;
    所述蓝牙通信模块接入所述直流电压作为工作电源。The Bluetooth communication module accesses the DC voltage as a working power source.
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，The method of claim 13 wherein
    所述蓝牙通信模块仅使用所述直流电压作为工作电源。The Bluetooth communication module uses only the DC voltage as an operating power source.
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，该方法包括：The method of claim 13 wherein the method comprises:
    利用所述NFC模块输出的直流电压对所述非接触式卡片的内置的蓄电模块进行充 电，利用所述蓄电模块独立地或者与所述NFC模块一起为所述蓝牙通信模块进行供电。Charging the built-in storage module of the non-contact card by using a DC voltage output by the NFC module Electrically utilizing the power storage module to power the Bluetooth communication module independently or with the NFC module.
  16. 根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的方法，其中：A method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein:
    所述蓝牙通信模块与外部进行蓝牙通信时，减小发射功率、降低通信速率或者降低接收灵敏度以降低功耗。When the Bluetooth communication module performs Bluetooth communication with the outside, the transmission power is reduced, the communication rate is lowered, or the reception sensitivity is lowered to reduce power consumption.
  17. 根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的方法，其中：A method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein:
    所述蓝牙通信模块的瞬时功率不大于所述NFC模块输出直流电压的功率。 The instantaneous power of the Bluetooth communication module is not greater than the power of the NFC module output DC voltage.
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