WO2016090882A1 - 一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法 - Google Patents

一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法 Download PDF

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WO2016090882A1
WO2016090882A1 PCT/CN2015/081600 CN2015081600W WO2016090882A1 WO 2016090882 A1 WO2016090882 A1 WO 2016090882A1 CN 2015081600 W CN2015081600 W CN 2015081600W WO 2016090882 A1 WO2016090882 A1 WO 2016090882A1
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李文平
陈伟
王启庆
王丹志
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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  • the invention relates to the technical field of water disaster prevention and control in mining development, in particular to a method for dividing the type of mining water damage under the runoff of loess gully.
  • the northwest Loess Plateau has a wide distribution area, and the surface gully is developed in the gully area. There are perennial flowing water or seasonal runoff in the gully. Therefore, when the working face is mined under the surface runoff gully, the coal seam mining induces a greater impact on the water sand surge. With the further increase in the scale and intensity of coal resource development in Northwest China, the engineering practice of shallow coal seam mining in the surface gully development area will become more and more common. At the same time, the high-intensity mining of coal in the northwest region caused serious damage to the ecological environment caused by water resources damage and surface vegetation death, which seriously damaged the ecological environment.
  • the present invention provides a method for dividing the type of mining water hazard under the runoff of loess gully and runoff, and provides a basis for the management of mining water damage under the runoff of the loess gully in the ecologically fragile area.
  • a method for dividing the type of mining water damage under the runoff of loess gully comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) Compare the calculated value of step (2) and the collected value of step (3) with the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar and the thickness of the protective layer of the waterproof coal pillar, calculate the thickness of the residual rock layer, and the loess gully Mining water damage under runoff
  • the type is divided into a water bursting area, a water inrush area, a seepage area, and a water retention area, specifically:
  • the area where the fallen belt communicates with the surface, and the area where the thickness of the residual rock layer above the fallen belt is less than the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar is divided into a water bursting area;
  • the thickness of the residual geotechnical layer above the fallen zone is greater than the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar and the water conduction crack zone communicates with the surface, and the thickness of the residual rock layer above the water guiding fracture zone is smaller than the thickness of the protective layer of the waterproof coal pillar.
  • the area is divided into water inrush areas;
  • the sum of the height of the water-conducting crack zone and the thickness of the waterproof and safe coal-rock column protective layer is smaller than the thickness of the bedrock, and the area of the overlying soil layer is divided into a water-retaining zone;
  • the remaining area is divided into leaky areas.
  • the thickness of the protective layer of the sand-proof safety coal-rock column and the thickness of the waterproof and safety coal-rock column protective layer are specified in the “Construction, Water Body, railway and Main Mine Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Mining Regulations”.
  • the acquisition of the buried depth of the coal seam, the thickness of the bedrock, the thickness of the soil layer and the thickness of the coal seam are obtained by drilling and assisted by the geophysical method, and the hardness of the roof rock layer is obtained by the indoor rock mechanics test method; the range and density of the collection are according to the topography of the watershed, Geological conditions are set in conjunction with actual engineering needs.
  • the method for dividing the type of mining water damage under the loess gully runoff provided by the present invention is a method for evaluating the zoning according to the actual situation, and classifying and zoning the type of water damage in the working face of the gully mining, and selecting the treatment measures for the gully mining Provided the basis to avoid the blind mining caused by water inrush and sand disaster, while protecting the ecological environment.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the classification of mining water damage types in a certain area in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • the method for dividing the type of mining water damage under the runoff of the loess gully includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Compare the calculated value of step (2) and the collected value of step (3) with the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar and the thickness of the protective layer of the waterproof coal pillar, calculate the thickness of the residual rock layer, and the loess gully
  • the type of mining water damage under runoff is divided into water inrush and sand-breaking area, water inrush area, leakage area and water retention area; among them, the thickness of protective layer of sand control safety coal pillar and prevention
  • the thickness of the protective layer of water safety coal and rock pillars is specified in the Regulations for Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Compression of Buildings, Water, railways and Main Mines, as shown in Tables 3 and 4;
  • the area where the fallen belt communicates with the surface, and the area where the thickness of the residual rock layer above the fallen belt is less than the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar is divided into a water bursting area;
  • the thickness of the residual geotechnical layer above the fallen zone is greater than the thickness of the protective layer of the sand control safety coal pillar and the water conduction crack zone communicates with the surface, and the thickness of the residual rock layer above the water guiding fracture zone is smaller than the thickness of the protective layer of the waterproof coal pillar.
  • the area is divided into water inrush areas;
  • the sum of the height of the water-conducting crack zone and the thickness of the waterproof and safe coal-rock column protective layer is smaller than the thickness of the bedrock, and the area of the overlying soil layer is divided into a water-retaining zone;
  • the remaining area is divided into leaky areas.
  • ⁇ M indicates the cumulative thickness
  • formula application range single layer thickness 1 ⁇ 3m, cumulative thickness not exceeding 15m
  • ⁇ term in the calculation formula is medium error.
  • ⁇ M indicates the cumulative thickness
  • formula application range single layer thickness 1 ⁇ 3m, cumulative thickness not exceeding 15m
  • ⁇ term in the calculation formula is medium error.
  • A ⁇ M/n, ⁇ M indicates cumulative thickness; n indicates the number of layers.
  • A ⁇ M/n, ⁇ M indicates cumulative thickness; n indicates the number of layers.
  • the acquisition of the buried depth of the coal seam, the thickness of the bedrock, the thickness of the soil layer and the thickness of the coal seam are obtained by drilling with the geophysical method, and the hardness of the roof rock layer is obtained by the indoor rock mechanics test method; the range and density of the collection are obtained. According to the topography and geological conditions of the basin, combined with the actual project needs to be set.
  • the thickness of the main coal seam in a certain area is 4.25-8.6, and the unidirectional compressive strength of the roof rock layer is 30-40 MPa, which is a medium-hard roof rock stratum.
  • the buried depth of the coal seam is 28-202 m
  • the thickness of the bedrock is 25-117 m
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 0-119 m.
  • the results of the classification of the water damage type in the region are shown in Fig. 2.
  • the area is divided into four zones, namely the water inrush zone, the water inrush zone, the seepage zone and the water retention zone.
  • the water inrush zone and the water inrush zone are mainly located at the bottom and edge of the valley.
  • the seepage zone and the water retaining zone are mainly located at the top of the slope on both sides of the valley.
  • a type of mining water damage type is classified for a certain trench mining area, and it is possible to include only three types or less of the four types.

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Abstract

一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法：采用过沟开采区煤层厚度、顶板岩层坚硬程度、隔水土层厚度、沟谷底距开采煤层间距等；根据《建筑、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设及压煤开采规程》中防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度、防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的规定，将黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分为突水溃砂区、突水区、渗漏区、保水区。针对西北黄土沟壑径流下采动水害进行了针对性的分类，为过沟开采治理措施的选择提供了依据，避免了盲目开采造成突水、溃砂灾害，同时保护了生态环境。

Description

一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法 技术领域
本发明涉及矿业开发中水害防治技术领域，尤其涉及一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法。
背景技术
我国煤炭资源开发重心已快速转移到西部生态环境脆弱地区。在大规模、高强度开采西部埋藏浅、厚度大的煤炭优势资源中，突水灾害经常发生，生态环境破坏日益严重。西北地区煤层埋深浅、基岩薄、地表松散层厚，在该地质条件下开采引发的垮落带、导水裂缝带容易贯通基岩直至发育至地表，直接波及到覆盖层底部的含水层或者地表松散砂层，因此，该地区采煤面临着水砂突涌的威胁。西北黄土高原分布面积广，沟壑地区地表冲沟发育，沟谷内存在常年流水或季节性径流，因此工作面在地表径流沟谷下开采时，煤层开采诱发水砂突涌的危害更大。随着我国西北地区煤炭资源开发规模和强度的进一步增加，使得在地表冲沟发育区进行浅埋煤层开采的工程实践将愈为普遍。同时西北地区煤炭高强度开采造成水资源破坏、地表植被死亡等严重的生态环境损害问题，严重破坏了生态环境。
目前国内外对黄土沟壑径流下浅埋煤层采动灾害的研究比较零散，仅局限于沟谷地形对矿压显现规律、采动坡体活动机理等方面，针对沟壑径流下采动灾害的研究很少且无系统性，而针对黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分的研究尚属空白。因此，亟需对黄土沟壑径流下采动水害进行系统的分类研究，该分类研究对黄土沟壑径流下采动水害防治具有一定的指导意义。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，为生态脆弱区黄土沟壑径流下采动水害治理提供依据。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)采集过沟开采区域的煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度；
(2)根据煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度计算垮落带高度和导水裂缝带高度，可以采用《建筑、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设及压煤开采规程》中的公式进行计算；
(3)采集过沟开采区域的煤层埋深、基岩厚度和土层厚度；
(4)将步骤(2)的计算值以及步骤(3)的采集值与防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度以及防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度进行比较，计算残余岩土层厚度，将黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类 型划分为突水溃砂区、突水区、渗漏区、保水区，具体为：
将垮落带沟通地表的区域，以及垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水溃砂区；
将垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度大于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度并且导水裂缝带沟通地表的区域，以及导水裂缝带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水区；
将导水裂缝带高度与防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度之和小于基岩厚度，并且上覆土层完整的区域划分为保水区；
将其余区域划分为渗漏区。
所述步骤(4)中防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度以及防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度采用《建筑、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设及压煤开采规程》中的规定值。
所述煤层埋深、基岩厚度、土层厚度和煤层厚度的采集通过钻探辅以物探方法获取，所述顶板岩层坚硬程度通过室内岩石力学试验方法获取；采集的范围和密度根据流域地形地貌、地质条件情况结合实际工程需要设定。
有益效果：本发明提供的黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，是一种符合实际情况的评价分区方法，对过沟开采工作面进行水害类型划分及分区，为过沟开采治理措施的选择提供了依据，避免了盲目开采造成突水、溃砂灾害，同时保护了生态环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图；
图2为依据本发明方法对某一区域进行采动水害类型划分的结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合某西部井田一过沟开采区域对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图1所示，为黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)采集过沟开采区域的煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度；
(2)根据煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度计算垮落带高度和导水裂缝带高度，具体如表1和表2所示；
(3)采集过沟开采区域的煤层埋深、基岩厚度和土层厚度；
(4)将步骤(2)的计算值以及步骤(3)的采集值与防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度以及防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度进行比较，计算残余岩土层厚度，将黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分为突水溃砂区、突水区、渗漏区、保水区；其中，防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度以及防 水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度采用《建筑、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设及压煤开采规程》中的规定值，具体如表3和表4；具体为：
将垮落带沟通地表的区域，以及垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水溃砂区；
将垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度大于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度并且导水裂缝带沟通地表的区域，以及导水裂缝带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水区；
将导水裂缝带高度与防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度之和小于基岩厚度，并且上覆土层完整的区域划分为保水区；
将其余区域划分为渗漏区。
表1厚煤层分层开采的垮落带高度计算公式
Figure PCTCN2015081600-appb-000001
注：∑M表示累计采厚；公式应用范围：单层采厚1～3m，累计采厚不超过15m；计算公式中±项为中误差。
表2厚煤层分层开采的导水裂缝带高度计算公式
Figure PCTCN2015081600-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2015081600-appb-000003
注：∑M表示累计采厚；公式应用范围：单层采厚1～3m，累计采厚不超过15m；计算公式中±项为中误差。
表3 0°～54°煤层防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度/m(不适用于综放开采)
Figure PCTCN2015081600-appb-000004
注：A＝∑M/n，∑M表示累计采厚；n表示分层层数。
表4 0°～54°煤层防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度/m
Figure PCTCN2015081600-appb-000005
注：A＝∑M/n，∑M表示累计采厚；n表示分层层数。
在上述方法中，所述煤层埋深、基岩厚度、土层厚度和煤层厚度的采集通过钻探辅以物探方法获取，所述顶板岩层坚硬程度通过室内岩石力学试验方法获取；采集的范围和密度根据流域地形地貌、地质条件情况结合实际工程需要设定。
下面结合实例对本发明作出进一步的说明。
某区域主采煤层厚度4.25～8.6，顶板岩层单向抗压强度30～40MPa，为中硬顶板岩层。煤层埋深28～202m，基岩厚度25～117m，土层厚度0～119m。依据本发明步骤(1)～(4)，所述区域采动水害类型划分的结果如图2所示。根据结果图2，所述区域划分为四个区，即突水溃砂区、突水区、渗漏区和保水区。突水溃砂区和突水区主要位于沟谷谷底及边缘部位，渗漏区和保水区主要位于沟谷两侧坡顶位置。
需要说明的是，依据本发明方法对某一过沟开采区域进行采动水害类型划分，其有可能仅包含四种类型中的三类或更少。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明 的保护范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    (1)采集过沟开采区域的煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度；
    (2)根据煤层厚度和顶板岩层坚硬程度计算垮落带高度和导水裂缝带高度；
    (3)采集过沟开采区域的煤层埋深、基岩厚度和土层厚度；
    (4)将步骤(2)的计算值以及步骤(3)的采集值与防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度以及防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度进行比较，计算残余岩土层厚度，将黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分为突水溃砂区、突水区、渗漏区、保水区，具体为：
    将垮落带沟通地表的区域，以及垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水溃砂区；
    将垮落带以上残余岩土层厚度大于防砂安全煤岩柱保护层厚度并且导水裂缝带沟通地表的区域，以及导水裂缝带以上残余岩土层厚度小于防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度的区域划分为突水区；
    将导水裂缝带高度与防水安全煤岩柱保护层厚度之和小于基岩厚度，并且上覆土层完整的区域划分为保水区；
    将其余区域划分为渗漏区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的黄土沟壑径流下采动水害类型划分方法，其特征在于：所述煤层埋深、基岩厚度、土层厚度和煤层厚度的采集通过钻探辅以物探方法获取，所述顶板岩层坚硬程度通过室内岩石力学试验方法获取；采集的范围和密度根据流域地形地貌、地质条件情况结合实际工程需要设定。
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