WO2016086905A1 - Method for measuring audiences - Google Patents
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- WO2016086905A1 WO2016086905A1 PCT/CR2014/000007 CR2014000007W WO2016086905A1 WO 2016086905 A1 WO2016086905 A1 WO 2016086905A1 CR 2014000007 W CR2014000007 W CR 2014000007W WO 2016086905 A1 WO2016086905 A1 WO 2016086905A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/35—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
- H04H60/46—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for recognising users' preferences
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technological field and consists of a method of audience measurement.
- Audience measurement is used to know the time and schedule exposure of a group of people to radio, television and internet broadcasts. This information is used to know the preference of consumers and catalog them by age range, gender, income and others.
- Another definition refers to the audience as "the fraction of the reference population exposed to a media outlet.”
- the Dictionary of the Royal Academy defines the "audience index" as the "Number or percentage of people who follow a radio or television station or chain or a particular program.”
- the audience measurement consists of indicates the percentage of households or people with the television turned on on a channel, the radio turned on at a station or visits to a website on a specific day and time, in relation to the total of people with television, radio or internet access. Audience measurement is indispensable for modern marketing, advertising and media programming. This measurement of the audience is a statistic that attempts to reflect reality, precisely. It has been seen as an application of surveys and has serious economic implications.
- the audience levels of the different radio stations is very useful, mainly for the different parties involved in the realization of advertising: broadcasters, advertisers and advertisers.
- the audience levels per hour can be used by the programmer of a station to know the preferences of the listeners in their different schedules.
- the publicist and the advertiser it is of great value to know the levels of audience and penetration that the different stations have to achieve maximum effectiveness of their advertising strategies focusing them on the target market of advertising.
- the behavior of the audience is conditioned by the medium.
- a selective spectator since the election that carries out implies an economic disbursement, a displacement and the programming fan is more restricted than the television. Also influencing factors outside the viewer, such as the capacity of the room, schedules, exhibition dates, etc.
- the following table includes the main audience measurement companies that operated until 2006:
- Questionnaires they serve to ask the viewer things. They are used in telephone coincidence studies (telephone a sample of people in order to find out what its members are watching on television at the precise moment of the call). They may also require the respondent basic sociodemographic information. They also use population censuses, sample censuses and their updates, to learn about the structural and sociodemographic characteristics of the universe to study. The interview allows to study the preferences of the viewers or listeners in a more direct and sincere way; know the opinion about the programming, also the habits of the public, know the strengths and weaknesses of the competition, if they receive the signal clearly, or any other qualitative or quantitative analysis that is required. Consumption diaries: They serve for the viewer himself to record his television consumption (who, what day, at what time, he saw which channel, for how long), either at the same time he watches television or immediately after.
- Audimeters These are electronic devices that keep track of the tuning time of one or the other station, in different homes in the Spanish territory. This system provides accurate estimates at national and regional levels. The most serious drawback of electronic measurement systems is to obtain the audience of local stations
- EMU ' s measuring devices Through their EMU ' s measuring devices (Electronic Measurement Units) they can detect the emissions of car radio oscillators and determine the frequency of the tuned station. They place the EMU ' s on highways, communication nodes and other high-volume traffic locations and passively detect how many of the passing cars carry the radio on and the station tuned at the time of passage.
- the technology is restricted to the broadcasts in AM and provides the evolution of the share of the different chains throughout the day.
- the system has statistical representation problems and does not provide the sociodemographic characteristics of the listeners. When several cars pass at once only one of them is detected and registered.
- Electromagnetic signals and communications are Electromagnetic signals and communications:
- An electromagnetic wave is the form of propagation of electromagnetic radiation through space and is produced by accelerating charges. His theoretical aspects are related to the theories proposed by Maxwell's equations.
- Electromagnetic waves propagate through space without the need for a medium, and can therefore propagate in a vacuum. This is because electromagnetic waves are produced by the oscillations of an electric field, in relation to an associated magnetic field.
- Electromagnetic waves travel at approximately a very high constant speed, but not infinite of 300,000 km per second. Electromagnetic waves propagate through an oscillation of electric and magnetic fields. They are the support of telecommunications and the world today.
- the following series of images shows the location of the electromagnetic radio waves of the media, in order to locate the frequencies of interest.
- Signal processing lets you know what properties a set of acquired data has, in itself, it allows you to take a signal to a way in which it can be interpreted better.
- Filtering is done to adapt a received signal to be interpreted in a better way or clean it or separate it from other signals, so that it can be seen more clearly. Filters help in this regard, eliminating unwanted or uninteresting frequency components.
- Analog filters use physical components (resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.).
- - Liabilities They do not need food. They are made with resistors, capacitors 1 and coils. They have high input impedance, which loads the previous stage and the gain depends on the frequency. They have low output impedance and the output loads the filter. They use high inductances to filter at low frequency.
- Digital filters modify a discrete signal through mathematical operations.
- - FIR Finite Impulse Response: They are very stable because they do not have poles, they also have a linear phase under certain conditions. Filters with very steep slopes can be designed, making it almost an ideal filter.
- - MR Infinite Impulse Response: It is the type of digital filter resulting from approximating an analog filter. According to their function, filters are classified as:
- ⁇ Pass-band filter They allow the passage of signals whose frequencies are between two, called “upper and lower cutoff frequency” respectively. It can be built by combining low pass and high pass.
- Band Eliminator filter They do not allow the passage of signals, whose frequencies are included between two others, called “upper and lower cutoff frequencies”. It can be constructed by combining low pass and high pass. 3.2. Digital fixtures:
- a digital filter is a filter that operates on digital signals. It is a mathematical operation that takes a sequence of numbers (the input signal) and modifies it by producing another sequence of numbers (the output signal) with the aim of highlighting or attenuating certain characteristics.
- Quantification unlike sampling, is not reversible as there is a loss of information that results in an error called quantization noise.
- quantization noise During sampling the signal is still analog (it can take any value), from quantization the signal becomes digital (it already takes finite values).
- This transcription to digital signals is done to facilitate its processing and immunize the signal resulting from noise and other interference to which analog signals are more sensitive.
- the Fourier Transform is an analysis tool widely used in the scientific field (acoustics, biomedical engineering, numerical methods, signal processing, radar, electromagnetism, communications, etc.) Transforms a signal represented in the time domain to the frequency domain, without altering its information content, it is only a different way of representing it.
- the study of telecommunications is based on the mathematical methods established by Joseph Fourier, initially generated for the study of vibrations. They are used to analyze the behavior of electrical signals that vary in a complicated way as a function of time.
- Fourier Analysis is fundamental in this study, as it provides the mathematical techniques with which the engineer can describe signals and systems not only in the time domain but also in the frequency domain.
- Fourier Analysis is based on the representation of a complicated function as a sum of sinusoidal functions, and its usefulness depends on two important physical facts: the invariance in time and linearity.
- the signals are magnitudes that vary over time, such as voltages and currents.
- the functional elements of a system are the electrical circuits and both these and the signals can be represented in the "time domain” if the independent variable is time (t), or in the "frequency domain” if the independent variable is the frequency (f).
- the electrical signals used in communication systems are generally represented in the time domain where the independent variable is t (time).
- Temporal signal can be considered as constituted by a number of frequency components, generally sinusoidal signals, with a given amplitude, phase and frequency. That is, although a signal physically exists in the time domain, it can be said that it is formed by a set of components in the frequency domain, called the "spectrum" of the signal.
- a periodic signal can be represented by a graph of arrows parallel to the axis of the ordinates of height (intensity) in the frequency.
- a representation of the spectrum of amplitudes in stripes of the signal is thus obtained. These spectra are discrete. In the case that they are real, the signal has only one frequency representation. For the Fourier transform the spectrum will be continuous.
- the "Real-time, mobile, audience measurement system” (CA 2441373 A1, PCT / SE2013 / 000006) is a system that identifies, records and reports, and transmits the information to a radio station with the level of rating that is currently encrypting the information.
- the station and the listening volume information gives an indication about statistical ranges of the popularity of the content either on radio or on television and you can sort the information to order it gradually.
- the device can be used for both radio and television, the system focuses primarily on measuring radio data, specifically vehicle radio and features:
- the vehicle unit identifies the station and wirelessly transmits this information to the remote unit, which then transmits the information to the central server over the Internet.
- the central server collects data from all sources and carries out the processing of the transmitted information.
- this background does not have a method of separation and segmentation of the collected audio that determines the quality of the data and instead only collects the volume of the audio without any processing, nor temporal segmentation that is the point that the present invention intends to solve.
- the "Audience Measurement System” (EP 0669070 A1, PCT / US1994 / 01 1795) aims to measure visual ratings and audio content by the media. It uses a watermark by using a mobile communication device comprising a receiver and a server.
- the audience measurement system uses auxiliary codes to identify coded broadcast programs to be selected for viewing or listening, and collects data or signals from programs that can be used later to identify uncoded broadcast programs. It is, however, an invention that does not provide a solution to the global measurement of audiences because it is for use by households only, does not describe how the fingerprint is extracted, does not use synchronization in the collection of audios, the method of extraction and processing of the fingerprint is different from the present invention because it does not contemplate the different methods of audio collection, nor transmission thereof for processing
- the "System for measuring the audience rating of a broadcasting station" measures audiences by recording on memory cards.
- the cards with electronic chips have units of measurement that emit in parallel the moment of transmissions of the station.
- the parallel transmission may be an encoded broadcast in the radio frequency band used.
- this parallel transmission is carried out by means of a computerized telephone communications server to which the memory cards of the listeners are linked by a reader / recorder connected to a modulator interconnected with the server.
- the audience measurement indices are shown that allow a correct analysis of the information.
- this invention does not process or compare sounds from any source, so its system and commercial application is different.
- the "Audience measurement system and method for digital broadcasts” (WO 2001061892 A3, PCT / US2001 / 005104) describes a method in which digital broadcast audience is measured, and performs an alignment program verification, in addition to the statistical audience samples. They are collected from the data aggregated by the broadcasting body for this purpose. It has an encrypted channel ID and other program identification data, which are placed in the service ID stream and the decoder or receiving device is directed to the output of this data to the communication port of the device. It also has a probe connected to the communication port, in order to extract the data and decoders for the statistical use of digital programming measurement.
- This invention is also not a solution in the market because it is not able to compare sounds. On the contrary, it decodes digital codes transmitted by the radio station to establish its origin and the moment of transmission, so it does not solve the problem that our invention does.
- the "Network resource monitoring and measurement system and method (US 8495198 B2) consists of a method and analysis system for the measurement of multiple data sources through a communications network, in order to determine the information or use of one or more resource servers. Prepares a collection of data and processing media that collect and process the data sources that are sent to a report server at the request of interested parties.
- the database uses the strengths of the industry Most widely used research media, such as TV data notes, radio ratings data, reader surveys and service use questionnaires.This method is used as a more integrated method of producing television and radio data sets. through cross-references with other media and consumption variables.
- the television database is periodically updated so that the The television or radio program provides the data that are of interest to the contracting operators, but it is a measurement that has full dependence on that database as a variable that generates the data.
- This background does not compare sounds or describe sources, but is limited to a simple statistical analysis system.
- the "System and method for obtaining comprehensive vehicle radio listener statistics" uses a computer program to obtain statistics of radio listeners of global vehicles, based on parameters such as radio status (by for example, the status on / off and CD / Tape / AM / FM), the volume of the radio, the information of the memorized station, the current frequency adjustment (i.e. the station identification), and global positioning by satellite (GPS). It has a field unit placed in the vehicle for the collection and transmission of these parameters to a base station.
- the system monitors store all events related to the interaction of the occupants with the vehicle radio, including automatic detection of the selected radio station through a speaker port.
- the stored data is transmitted to the central data collection computer of a base station for immediate collection and analysis.
- the system is capable of producing detailed reports containing error-free measurement statistics, such a system can be made available to subscribers, such as broadcasters, corporate advertisers, advertising agencies and the like. This background does not compare sounds, rather it collects information on the status of a car radio and transmits them, it also injects codes to the tuner of the same radio to determine its tuning but still does not solve the comparison problem that our invention does solve. None of them manages to solve the cost efficiency problem brought by the method object of the present invention, and none of them achieves statistics with such levels
- Portable People Meter from the Arbitran company, it is a system consisting of a portable device that each sample subject carries at all times to collect "water tracks" that are inaudible codes that are transmitted along with the radio sound and television. These codes are generated by a specialized team installed in each of the radio and television stations. The codes collected by the portable device are transmitted to a computer to analyze and calculate the audience level. This method works for radio and television.
- the number of people monitored indicates the accuracy of the measure.
- the high cost of many of these methods in the market limits the sample size thereby increasing the measurement error.
- the methods left to the discretion of the test subject indicate who is exposed to the transmission causes a decrease in the statistical confidence of the sample therefore the data obtained even if they have low statistical errors will not indicate the reality of the audience's behavior.
- the method of "People Meter” is considered invasive because it alters the customs of the audience too much when the television reception team intervenes, and the obligation to follow a complex protocol to indicate which individuals are exposed to the transmission. Usually the test subjects leave the suggested protocol, for this reason the level of statistical confidence drops considerably.
- the technology we present precisely overcomes these obstacles and presents a more reliable and reliable measurement system that allows the interaction of various media.
- the present invention consists of a method to statistically measure the audience of transmissions by electronic means, for which sound is collected by mobile, portable, electronic, cloud or fixed devices. The sound is then used to obtain the frequency spectrum that is compressed and transmitted to a remote process center consisting of multiple computers, where the frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by multiple radio and television stations is collected.
- Both spectra are compared to determine the similarity between the sound heard by people and the sound emitted by electronic media.
- a report is generated and the set of matches is used to calculate the audience of each electronic medium.
- the electronic media in which the audience is measured includes: AM and FM analog and digital radio, satellite radio, aerial television, cable television, satellite television, terrestrial television, signals transmitted over the Internet, telephone, wireless radio frequency transmissions, transmissions through electrical conductors, light transmissions with and without fiber optics, transmissions by material means using acoustic vibrations, signals recorded in mechanical, magnetic, electrostatic, semiconductor, chemical, biological and printed graphics media.
- the process is simple and includes the following steps:
- Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes of one at 300 seconds
- the sound separation is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture.
- the captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation.
- the sound emitted by electronic means is digitized. 2. Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, from one to 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
- the captured and separated sound is compressed, using a list of algorithms that are selected from the following by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. COMPARISON STAGE 3
- One or both sounds captured with or without separation at various frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer where they will be compared.
- the frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person that is part of the statistical sample at the same moment of capture are compared, making continuous and successive comparisons.
- the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system.
- a statistical projection of the audience is calculated using positive comparisons.
- This method can use a wired or wireless connection with the device that is reproducing the sound heard by the person who is part of the statistical sample to capture the data, and the sound can be received by means of a microphone, an accelerometer or directly from other equipment by means of a wired or wireless connection and can be digitized with equipment located in the facilities of the stations or in remote places.
- the method in question allows the capture, digitization and processing of sound emitted by electronic means such as computers, cell phones, tablets, sound reproduction equipment, video reproduction equipment, sound recording equipment, video recording equipment, equipment with microprocessors, equipment with microcontroiators, videogames equipment, electronic agendas, microprocessors, microcontroiators, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices or other device where the sounds emitted by these means are digitized.
- This process allows the digitalization of the sound emitted by electronic media to be alternated over time and in fixed or variable periods, and alternates the digitalization and process of the sound received by the people who are part of the statistical sample, with the use normal of the equipment used for digitization, using wired, wireless, fiber optic, Internet, magnetic media, mechanical media, chemical media, biological media, electrostatic media, semiconductor media and printed graphics systems to transmit the collected information.
- the sounds captured from both the person who is part of the statistical sample and that transmitted by the electronic medium are transmitted to an intermediate node and retransmitted to various nodes until they reach the remote computer where they will be compared.
- the invention also relates to a technological platform for measuring spectra of sound frequencies emitted by electronic and communication means, where:
- the process of measuring audiences by electronic means includes the following steps: a) A signal captured in devices at a short distance from the person who is part of the statistical sample is processed through the following steps: a.1.
- a microphone or accelerometer of a portable or stationary electronic device located a short distance from the person who is part of a statistical sample the sound is captured and compressed by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziy, Lempel- Ziv-Renau, Huffman coding, Psychoacoustic method with loss, Vorbis algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation a.2
- Each sound is separated from two to one thousand twenty four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, transformed Fourier or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes from one to 300 seconds.
- the separation of sounds is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture. a.4.
- the captured and separated sound is compressed by one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau,
- Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, of one at 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
- the captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation.
- c) One or both sounds captured with or without separation in several frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer where they will be compared.
- the frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person that is part of the statistical sample at the same moment of capture are compared, making continuous and successive comparisons.
- If the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system.
- f) A statistical projection of the audience is calculated using positive comparisons.
- This method can be developed in an App for smartphones, tablets, and any other mobile device and a smart mobile device could also use the described method.
- the sounds to be compared must be digitized to start the comparison process. Each sound must be separated into several frequencies and then the data obtained is compressed, then the data is transmitted to the processing center and compared to obtain the final result. For digitization, the sound is entered by means of a microphone and is digitized by means of analog to digital converters.
- the digitized sound is broken down into multiple frequencies using some analysis method such as the fast Fourier transform.
- the sample size for this analysis is variable.
- the result is the sound power data for each frequency.
- the frequency spectrum data is compressed to be sent to the equipment responsible for making the comparison.
- the spectral data is transmitted by some usual means to the computers that store it and then make the comparison.
- the comparison indicates how similar it is to the sound received by each person and the sound emitted by each electronic medium, classical comparison methods such as neural networks, and fuzzy logic can be used.
- classical comparison methods such as neural networks, and fuzzy logic can be used.
- This method generates reports based on the information obtained, which can be in HTML, WORD, EXCEL, etc. Other custom programs can also access the data to prepare their own reports.
- the method for measuring audiences consists of three fundamental parts: The capture of the sound of the environment of the test subject. The capture of the sound of radio, television and internet stations. And the comparison of the two sounds using special algorithms.
- This sound is captured by a microphone or by intercepting the sound in the audio player itself that the test subject is using. Or by means of a wired connection with some sound recording device. You can also receive the sound through a wireless device such as a hands-free, bluetooth or a device with WiFi.
- a wireless device such as a hands-free, bluetooth or a device with WiFi.
- the microphone can be an accelerometer or an optical interferometer which can listen to the sound from a distance.
- This sound is digitized and separated into several frequency ranges, this is done with separation techniques similar to that of equalizers (digital filters and Fourier transform), separation
- equalizers digital filters and Fourier transform
- separation The sound must be compressed to be sent quickly even when the available bandwidth is limited. Compression can be in MP3 format or any other standard format.
- the transmitted sound must be separated into frequencies but the original sound can also be sent.
- the device that performs this sound capture can be anyone capable of acquiring, digitizing, storing in a buffer and transmitting the sound, so it can be from a computer, cell phone, tablet or a device designed for this purpose, the device can be portable so that the test subject carries it at all times or it can be stationary and placed in a place close to the test subject.
- the sound emitted by the source can be captured at the same source or by means of radio and television receivers or sets of multiple tuners. If a standard receiver is used then a multi-channel sound digitizer card must be used for example.
- Transmissions through the internet can be captured directly on a computer.
- the sound must be digitized and sent to a central computer where it is separated into several frequency ranges and given the same treatment as the sound coming from the test subject.
- the transmission of the information can be direct to the comparison computer or indirectly through various communication nodes.
- That point can be a central computer or the same sound capture equipment.
- this comparison must be synchronous, that means that the hours of capture of both sounds must coincide exactly.
- a comparison scan must be made from several seconds before to several seconds after the moment they are supposed to be in sync. If both sounds match, the data must be stored in a database system for further processing.
- the stored data are: time of capture of the compared segment, name or code of the electronic medium and name or code of the test subject.
- the phone can capture the sound, compress it and send it.
- the phone has a radio or television tuner then it can capture the ambient sound and the sound received by the tuner, the tuning can be varied from time to time and in each change it is compared with the ambient sound. If there is a match then the data is sent to the central computer.
- a set of tuners of FM, AM or television are kept in one place which are continuously recording the sound of multiple stations of interest. This data is sent to the central computer.
- many test subjects are sending the collected sound with microphones to the central computer.
- Some comparison program compares each sound of each test subject with each sound of each recorded electronic medium. The comparison hours must be the same, to prevent synchronization errors can be compared from one minute before to one minute after the set time. If there is any coincidence it means that the test subject is exposed to the sound of that particular station.
- There is a statistical model that takes the set of data obtained and generates the information of audience levels by sex, income, ages, schooling, and other parameters. useful. These models are already existing or you can make special models to work in particular locations. The data generated by the statistical model will be delivered to the customer through a website or by sending emails.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring audiences using the sound collected by mobile devices carried by people, in order to produce the frequency spectrum thereof, compress same and transmit same to a processing centre. In addition, the frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by multiple radio and television transmitters is collected for the purposes of comparing them and thereby determining the similarities between both sounds, and, in the event that a match is determined, generating a report, and calculating the audience of every electronic medium based on these reports, be it AM radio, FM radio, satellite radio, aerial television, cable television, satellite television, signals transmitted via Internet, telephone, wireless radiofrequency transmissions, transmissions via electrical conductors, light transmissions with or without fibre optics, transmissions via material media using acoustic vibrations, as well as signals recorded in mechanical, magnetic, electrostatic, semiconductor, chemical, biological and graphical printed media.
Description
MÉTODO DE MEDICIÓN DE AUDIENCIAS HEARING MEASUREMENT METHOD
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona con el campo tecnológico y consiste en un método de medición de audiencias. The present invention relates to the technological field and consists of a method of audience measurement.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La medición de audiencias se utiliza para conocer el tiempo y horario exposición de un grupo de personas a transmisiones de radio, televisión e internet. Esta información se utiliza para conocer la preferencia de los consumidores y catalogarlos por rango de edades, género, ingresos y otros. Audience measurement is used to know the time and schedule exposure of a group of people to radio, television and internet broadcasts. This information is used to know the preference of consumers and catalog them by age range, gender, income and others.
1. Medición de audiencias. Definiciones y fundamentos: 1. Measurement of audiences. Definitions and foundations:
1.1 Definiciones: 1.1 Definitions:
Empezaremos por definir audiencia, la cual tiene varias acepciones en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, pero que en nuestro caso, refiere a dos muy concretas: We will start by defining audience, which has several meanings in the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, but which in our case, refers to two very specific:
5. f. Público que atiende los programas de radio y televisión, o que asiste a un acto o espectáculo. 5. f. Audience who attends radio and television programs, or who attends an act or show.
7. f. Número de personas que reciben un mensaje a través de cualquier medio de comunicación. 7. f. Number of people who receive a message through any means of communication.
Otra definición se refiere a la audiencia como "la fracción de la población de referencia expuesta a un medio de comunicación." Another definition refers to the audience as "the fraction of the reference population exposed to a media outlet."
Asimismo, el Diccionario de la Real Academia define el "índice de audiencia" como el "Número o porcentaje de personas que siguen una emisora o cadena de radio o televisión o un programa determinado". Also, the Dictionary of the Royal Academy defines the "audience index" as the "Number or percentage of people who follow a radio or television station or chain or a particular program."
Se puede indicar que la medición de audiencia consiste en indica el porcentaje de hogares o personas con la televisión encendida en un canal, el radio encendido en una estación o las visitas a un sitio "web" en un día y hora específicos, en relación al total de personas con televisión, radio o acceso a internet. La medición de la audiencia es indispensable para la mercadotecnia moderna, la publicidad y la programación de los medios de comunicación. Esta medición de la audiencia es una estadística que intenta reflejar la realidad, de manera precisa. Ha sido vista como una aplicación de los sondeos y tiene serias implicaciones económicas. It can be indicated that the audience measurement consists of indicates the percentage of households or people with the television turned on on a channel, the radio turned on at a station or visits to a website on a specific day and time, in relation to the total of people with television, radio or internet access. Audience measurement is indispensable for modern marketing, advertising and media programming. This measurement of the audience is a statistic that attempts to reflect reality, precisely. It has been seen as an application of surveys and has serious economic implications.
Conocer los niveles de audiencia de las diferentes estaciones de radio es de gran utilidad, principalmente para las diferentes partes que intervienen en la realización de publicidad: las radiodifusoras, los anunciantes y los publicistas. Así, los niveles de audiencia por hora pueden ser utilizados por el programador de una estación para conocer las preferencias de los radioescuchas en sus diferentes horarios. Además, para el publicista y el anunciante es de gran valor conocer los niveles de audiencia y penetración que tienen las diferentes estaciones para lograr la máxima efectividad de sus estrategias publicitarias enfocándolas al mercado objetivo de la publicidad. Knowing the audience levels of the different radio stations is very useful, mainly for the different parties involved in the realization of advertising: broadcasters, advertisers and advertisers. Thus, the audience levels per hour can be used by the programmer of a station to know the preferences of the listeners in their different schedules. In addition, for the publicist and the advertiser it is of great value to know the levels of audience and penetration that the different stations have to achieve maximum effectiveness of their advertising strategies focusing them on the target market of advertising.
El comportamiento de la audiencia está condicionado por el medio. En el caso del cine nos encontramos con un espectador selectivo, ya que la elección que lleva a cabo implica un desembolso económico, un
desplazamiento y el abanico de programación está más restringido que el televisivo. También influyen factores ajenos al espectador, como el aforo de la sala, horarios, fechas de exhibición, etc. The behavior of the audience is conditioned by the medium. In the case of the cinema we find a selective spectator, since the election that carries out implies an economic disbursement, a displacement and the programming fan is more restricted than the television. Also influencing factors outside the viewer, such as the capacity of the room, schedules, exhibition dates, etc.
Debe recalcarse la existencia de la "Global Guidelines for Televisión Audience Measurement (GGTAM)", (1998), la cual establece los elementos necesarios, deseables y admisibles para toda medición de audiencias de clase internacional (World Federation of Advertisers, 2008). (ver anexo 1). The existence of the "Global Guidelines for Television Audience Measurement (GGTAM)" (1998), which establishes the necessary, desirable and admissible elements for any measurement of international class audiences (World Federation of Advertisers, 2008), should be emphasized. (Look at annex 1).
El cuadro siguiente engloba las principales empresas de medición de audiencias que operaban hasta el año 2006: The following table includes the main audience measurement companies that operated until 2006:
Principales a ic a dios - 2006 Major to ic a god - 2006
Ver:http://www.oocities.orq/vifibio/05PRINCIPIOSENPROCESAMIENTODESENALES.PDF (22.07.2014) See: http: //www.oocities.orq/vifibio/05PRINCIPIOSENPROCESAMIENTODESENALES.PDF (07.27.2014)
En lo que respecta a la televisión, se trata de un espectador más heterogéneo, ya que es un medio doméstico y gratuito, por lo tanto, de acceso fácil y cómodo. Este tipo de audiencia es menos selectiva que la del cine, porque busca en la televisión básicamente el entretenimiento. With regard to television, it is a more heterogeneous viewer, since it is a free and domestic medium, therefore, easy and convenient access. This type of audience is less selective than that of cinema, because it basically looks on television for entertainment.
Éstas audiencias podrían denominarse "pasivas" ya que se cree que el receptor no interactúa con el mensaje. Algunas teorías nos hablan de las audiencias activas: El concepto de audiencia activa aparece alrededor de 1970 criticando entre otras la teoría hipodérmica. Supone cambios en el receptor de la actividad comunicativa. Aporta un paradigma nuevo que cuestiona el del paradigma lineal- These audiences could be called "passive" since it is believed that the recipient does not interact with the message. Some theories tell us about active audiences: The concept of active audience appears around 1970 criticizing among others the hypodermic theory. It involves changes in the recipient of the communicative activity. It brings a new paradigm that questions that of the linear paradigm-
Tomando en cuenta la heterogeneidad de las audiencias televisivas, la nueva tendencia de las cadenas consiste en estratificar al público para atraer a las minorías a unos programas especializados, como ya se dio el caso en la industria periodística, cinematográfica y musical.
1.2 Sistemas no electrónicos de medición de audiencias: Taking into account the heterogeneity of television audiences, the new trend of the networks is to stratify the public to attract minorities to specialized programs, as was already the case in the journalistic, film and music industry. 1.2 Non-electronic audience measurement systems:
Cuestionarios: sirven para preguntar cosas al espectador. Se los utilizan en los estudios coincidentales telefónicos (llamar por teléfono a una muestra de personas con el fin de averiguar qué es lo que sus integrantes están mirando por televisión en el preciso instante de la llamada). Pueden requerir también al encuestado información sociodemográfica básica. También utilizan los censos de población, los censos muestra y sus actualizaciones, para conocer las características estructurales y sociodemográficas del universo a estudiar. La entrevista permite estudiar las preferencias de los telespectadores u oyentes de una forma más directa y sincera; conocer la opinión sobre la programación, también los hábitos del público, saber los puntos fuertes y débiles de la competencia, si reciben la señal claramente, o cualquier otro análisis cualitativo o cuantitativo que se requiera. Diarios de consumo: Sirven para que el propio espectador anote su consumo televisivo (quién, qué día, a qué hora, vio qué canal, durante cuánto tiempo), ya sea en el mismo momento en que mira la televisión o inmediatamente después. Questionnaires: they serve to ask the viewer things. They are used in telephone coincidence studies (telephone a sample of people in order to find out what its members are watching on television at the precise moment of the call). They may also require the respondent basic sociodemographic information. They also use population censuses, sample censuses and their updates, to learn about the structural and sociodemographic characteristics of the universe to study. The interview allows to study the preferences of the viewers or listeners in a more direct and sincere way; know the opinion about the programming, also the habits of the public, know the strengths and weaknesses of the competition, if they receive the signal clearly, or any other qualitative or quantitative analysis that is required. Consumption diaries: They serve for the viewer himself to record his television consumption (who, what day, at what time, he saw which channel, for how long), either at the same time he watches television or immediately after.
Estadísticas: La medición estadística de audiencias se remonta a los años 30, cuando en Estados Unidos, Archibald M. Crossley, con el apoyo de la Asociación Nacional de Anunciantes (ANA) realizó los primeros estudios sobre niveles de audiencia de la radio. Statistics: The statistical measurement of audiences dates back to the 1930s, when in the United States, Archibald M. Crossley, with the support of the National Association of Advertisers (ANA) conducted the first studies on radio audience levels.
Esta se llevó a cabo en Estados Unidos, inicialmente a través de entrevistas telefónicas, en las cuales se registraba la audiencia de las 24 horas previas a la llamada recopilando el registro de qué programas y estaciones se escucharon, por quiénes y cuáles eran los preferidos. This was carried out in the United States, initially through telephone interviews, in which the audience of the 24 hours prior to the call was recorded, compiling the record of which programs and stations were heard, by whom and which were preferred.
La metodología utilizada inicialmente experimentó varios cambios para intentar resolver problemas prácticos de medición, y por la aparición de nuevas compañías proveedoras del servicio. Entre las diferencias que se apreciaban en las técnicas utilizadas por las diferentes compañías estaban: la zona geográfica de cobertura, el instrumento de medición utilizado, el método de recopilación de información y los registros realizados en las entrevistas, lo que implicaba resultados básicamente diferentes. The methodology used initially underwent several changes to try to solve practical problems of measurement, and by the appearance of new companies providing the service. Among the differences that were appreciated in the techniques used by the different companies were: the geographical coverage area, the measuring instrument used, the method of information gathering and the records made in the interviews, which implied basically different results.
Las diferencias entre metodologías originaban marcadas discrepancias2 entre los resultados de las mediciones; la principal razón era que, simplemente, las comparaciones no eran válidas. Algo importante por remarcar es que, reconociendo las diferencias entre los sistemas de medición existentes, los reportes incluían notas de advertencia (por ejemplo: 3Estos resultados no pueden proyectarse a todo Estados Unidos.2) las cuales era invariablemente ignoradas por los usuarios. The differences between methodologies originated marked discrepancies 2 between the results of the measurements; The main reason was that the comparisons were simply not valid. Something important to note is that, recognizing the differences between existing measurement systems, the reports included warning notes (for example: 3 These results cannot be projected to the entire United States. 2 ) which were invariably ignored by users.
1.3 Sistemas electrónicos de Medición de audiencias: Una forma de evitar los problemas inherentes a las metodologías basadas en encuestas es medir la sintonía en forma electrónica, tener registros diarios, precisos y continuos en el tiempo.
Los niveles de audiencia de la radio medidos a través de instrumentos electrónicos se Jlevó a cabo en Estados Unidos por primera vez por A.C. Nielsen, a mediados de los años 40. El proyecto de uso de registros electrónicos en radio se abandonó en 1964 para dar lugar al desarrollo y perfeccionamiento del "peoplemeter", instrumento utilizado hasta la fecha para la medición de la audiencia en la televisión. 1.3 Electronic Audience Measurement Systems: One way to avoid the problems inherent in survey-based methodologies is to measure tuning electronically, to have daily, accurate and continuous records over time. Radio audience levels measured through electronic instruments were carried out in the United States for the first time by AC Nielsen in the mid-1940s. The radio electronic record usage project was abandoned in 1964 to lead to the development and improvement of the "peoplemeter", an instrument used to date to measure the audience on television.
Audímetros: Son dispositivos electrónicos que guardan registro del tiempo de sintonización de una u otra emisora, en distintos hogares del territorio español. Este sistema facilita estimaciones precisas a nivel nacional y regional. El inconveniente más grave de los sistemas electrónicos de medida, es conseguir obtener la audiencia de las emisoras locales Audimeters: These are electronic devices that keep track of the tuning time of one or the other station, in different homes in the Spanish territory. This system provides accurate estimates at national and regional levels. The most serious drawback of electronic measurement systems is to obtain the audience of local stations
Se les concede de forma general una clara superioridad sobre los métodos de declaración porque supera las imperfecciones y limitaciones del ser humano como declarante de su conducta y porque las operaciones de audimetría proporcionan un nivel de detalle y una velocidad en la entrega de resultados imposible de igualar por la técnica de encuestas. Arbitran y Telecontrol son dos de las empresas líderes en la fabricación de audímetros en Europa. They are generally granted a clear superiority over the methods of declaration because it overcomes the imperfections and limitations of the human being as a declarer of their behavior and because the audimetry operations provide a level of detail and a speed in the delivery of results impossible to match by the technique of surveys. Arbitran and Telecontrol are two of the leading companies in the manufacture of audimeters in Europe.
MobilTRAK: A tráves de sus dispositivos medidores EMU's (Electronic Measurement Units) pueden detectar las emisiones de los osciladores de radios de los coches y determinan la frecuencia de la emisora sintonizada. Colocan los EMU's en autopistas, nudos de comunicación y otras localizaciones de alto volumen de tráfico y, de forma pasiva detectan cuántos de los coches que pasan llevan la radio encendida y la emisora sintonizada en el momento del paso. MobilTRAK: Through their EMU ' s measuring devices (Electronic Measurement Units) they can detect the emissions of car radio oscillators and determine the frequency of the tuned station. They place the EMU ' s on highways, communication nodes and other high-volume traffic locations and passively detect how many of the passing cars carry the radio on and the station tuned at the time of passage.
La tecnología está restringida a las emisiones en AM y suministra la evolución del share de las diferentes cadenas a lo largo del día. El sistema tiene problemas de representación estadística y no proporciona las características sociodemográficas de los oyentes. Cuando pasan varios coches a la vez solo se detecta y registra uno de ellos. The technology is restricted to the broadcasts in AM and provides the evolution of the share of the different chains throughout the day. The system has statistical representation problems and does not provide the sociodemographic characteristics of the listeners. When several cars pass at once only one of them is detected and registered.
La nueva tecnología llegó a tierras latinoamericanas en 1988, cuando en Brasil se inició la medición de audiencias de televisión a través de "peoplemeters". Hoy en día, más de setenta países utilizan la tecnología de audímetros para medir la audiencia de televisión. Hoy en día, más de setenta países utilizan la tecnología de audímetros para medir la audiencia de televisión. The new technology arrived in Latin American lands in 1988, when in Brazil the measurement of television audiences began through "peoplemeters". Today, more than seventy countries use audimeter technology to measure television audience. Today, more than seventy countries use audimeter technology to measure television audience.
Los dispositivos de medición de hoy fueron diseñados bajo el estándar analógico, que permite recolectar sin problemas el canal sintonizado, considerando que su ubicación en el espectro radioeléctrico está definida y que solo es posible enviar una única señal por canal. Esto cambió con el desarrollo de los diferentes entornos digitales. Se incorporó una tarjeta multimedia que procesa las imágenes, identificando el canal sintonizado. Esta solución es eficiente en configuraciones con decodificador externo. Today's measuring devices were designed under the analog standard, which allows the tuned channel to be collected without problems, considering that its location in the radio spectrum is defined and that it is only possible to send a single signal per channel. This changed with the development of different digital environments. A multimedia card that processes the images was incorporated, identifying the tuned channel. This solution is efficient in configurations with external decoder.
Sin embargo, estos dispositivos presentan importantes dificultades pues en la transmisión digital de televisión se invalida la capacidad de los meters para identificar el canal sintonizado, dada la multitud de
señales disponibles con nula interferencia percibida entre emisores diferentes. Cada emisora tiene la habilidad de dividir su banda, generando canales secundarios por donde transmitir diferentes contenidos, en el sentido de una emisión dual. Han surgido las transmisiones simultáneas, que involucran la transmisión de contenidos diferentes y alternativos por el mismo medio. La identificación del contenido visionado a través del reconocimiento de alguna sección de la información (por ejemplo, el patrón de audio del contenido) se dificulta enormemente. Los hábitos y comportamientos de la audiencia en relación al consumo de medios han variado mucho. Las personas han aprendido que los contenidos pueden ser vistos de manera diferida a través de videograbadores u otros reproductores que graban los programas en discos duros. Sumado a esto, el consumo de televisión ya no se realiza exclusivamente a través de la pantalla del televisor. Existe un mayor número de audiencias diferentes, cada vez más pequeñas y homogéneas. However, these devices present significant difficulties because in the digital television transmission the ability of the meters to identify the tuned channel is invalidated, given the multitude of available signals with no perceived interference between different emitters. Each station has the ability to divide its band, generating secondary channels through which to transmit different content, in the sense of a dual broadcast. Simultaneous transmissions have emerged, involving the transmission of different and alternative content by the same means. The identification of the content viewed through the recognition of some section of the information (for example, the audio pattern of the content) becomes very difficult. The habits and behaviors of the audience in relation to media consumption have varied greatly. People have learned that the contents can be viewed in a deferred way through video recorders or other players that record the programs on hard drives. In addition to this, television consumption is no longer carried out exclusively through the television screen. There are a greater number of different audiences, increasingly smaller and homogeneous.
Para superar estas dificultades, se generó una metodología consistente en la identificación de la señal de televisión a través de la adición de un dato específico en la señal transmitida por el emisor, el cual fuese reconocido por un audímetro instalado en las casas. Las primeras pruebas se realizaron con marcas en la señal de video, pero en tecnología análoga. En la actual era digital, estas marcas han sido reemplazadas por códigos inaudibles en la señal de audio. To overcome these difficulties, a methodology consisting of the identification of the television signal was generated through the addition of specific data in the signal transmitted by the transmitter, which was recognized by an audimeter installed in the houses. The first tests were performed with marks on the video signal, but in analog technology. In today's digital era, these brands have been replaced by inaudible codes in the audio signal.
1.4 Medición de audiencias en Internet: Aquí los procedimientos de medición tienden a aprovechar las ventajas tecnológicas que las características del medio proporcionan. Aunque los métodos de encuesta y declaración tradicionales se siguen utilizando, se han desarrollado una serie de metodologías que son específicas de Internet.. Éstas han venido clasificándose en tres grupos, dependiendo de la tipología de la unidad básica de estudio:1.4 Measurement of audiences on the Internet: Here the measurement procedures tend to take advantage of the technological advantages that the characteristics of the medium provide. Although traditional survey and declaration methods are still used, a series of methodologies that are specific to the Internet have been developed. These have been classified into three groups, depending on the typology of the basic unit of study:
- Métodos basados en los usuarios (user-centric en la terminología anglosajona), donde la unidad a estudiar es la persona: Encuestas en la red y Paneles de PC'S.. - User-based methods (user-centric in Anglo-Saxon terminology), where the unit to study is the person: Surveys in the Network and PC ' S Panels.
- Métodos basados en los servidores (site-centric) donde el sitio Web es el objeto inmediato de la investigación: Analizadores de los ficheros log y Sistemas de "tags". - Methods based on servers (site-centric) where the Web site is the immediate object of the investigation: Analyzers of log files and systems of tags.
- Métodos basados en el los suministradores de publicidad (ad-centric) donde la medición se lleva a cabo desde los servidores encargados de gestionar la publicidad de una red de sitios Web, suministrando en cada momento al visitante a uno de esos sitios Web un elemento publicitario diferente en base a condiciones previamente pactadas. - Methods based on the advertising providers (ad-centric) where the measurement is carried out from the servers responsible for managing the advertising of a network of Web sites, providing the visitor to one of those Web sites at any time an element different advertising based on previously agreed conditions.
Suelen combinar el contaje de peticiones a través de los registros log del servidor con la utilización de coo ies para poder estimar cobertura y frecuencia. Estos métodos se centran específicamente en la medida de la audiencia de los banners publicitarios (tanto su mera exposición como su tasa de click
through) y muchas veces estas mediciones han entrado en conflicto con las realizadas por los sites en base a sus ficheros log (éstas últimas suelen proporcionar cifras más elevadas). They usually combine request counting through server log records with the use of coolers to estimate coverage and frequency. These methods focus specifically on the audience measurement of advertising banners (both their mere exposure and their click rate through) and many times these measurements have come into conflict with those made by the sites based on their log files (the latter usually provide higher figures).
Los tres grupos de metodologías tienen ventajas y debilidades relativas y, hasta que se produzca un cambio tecnológico relevante, el estudio de Internet debe combinar, en proporciones adecuadas, estudios de las tres tipologías mencionadas. The three groups of methodologies have relative advantages and weaknesses and, until a relevant technological change occurs, the study of the Internet must combine, in appropriate proportions, studies of the three mentioned typologies.
2. Señales electromagnéticas y comunicaciones: 2. Electromagnetic signals and communications:
Una onda electromagnética es la forma de propagación de la radiación electromagnética a través del espacio y son producidas por cargas en aceleración. Sus aspectos teóricos están relacionados con las teorías propuestas por las ecuaciones de Maxwell. An electromagnetic wave is the form of propagation of electromagnetic radiation through space and is produced by accelerating charges. His theoretical aspects are related to the theories proposed by Maxwell's equations.
Las ondas electromagnéticas se propagan por el espacio sin necesidad de un medio, pudiendo por lo tanto propagarse en el vacío. Esto es debido a que las ondas electromagnéticas son producidas por las oscilaciones de un campo eléctrico, en relación con un campo magnético asociado. Electromagnetic waves propagate through space without the need for a medium, and can therefore propagate in a vacuum. This is because electromagnetic waves are produced by the oscillations of an electric field, in relation to an associated magnetic field.
Las ondas electromagnéticas viajan aproximadamente a una velocidad constante muy alta, pero no infinita de 300.000 km por segundo. Las ondas electromagnéticas se propagan mediante una oscilación de campos eléctricos y magnéticos. Son el soporte de las telecomunicaciones y del mundo actual. Electromagnetic waves travel at approximately a very high constant speed, but not infinite of 300,000 km per second. Electromagnetic waves propagate through an oscillation of electric and magnetic fields. They are the support of telecommunications and the world today.
Los extensos intervalos de frecuencias y longitudes de onda no están claramente delimitados. No existe una división clara entre un tipo de onda y la siguiente. Los nombres que se han dado a cada tipo de onda son simplemente una forma conveniente en la descripción de la región del espectro en el que están.Extensive frequency ranges and wavelengths are not clearly defined. There is no clear division between one type of wave and the next. The names given to each type of wave are simply a convenient way to describe the region of the spectrum in which they are.
En la siguiente serie de imágenes se aprecia la ubicación de las ondas de radio electromagnéticas de los medios de comunicación, con el propósito de poder ubicar las frecuencias de interés. The following series of images shows the location of the electromagnetic radio waves of the media, in order to locate the frequencies of interest.
3. Filtrado de Señales: 3. Signal Filtering:
El procesamiento de señales permite saber qué propiedades tiene un conjunto de datos adquiridos, en sí, permite llevar una señal a una forma en la cual se pueda interpretar mejor. Signal processing lets you know what properties a set of acquired data has, in itself, it allows you to take a signal to a way in which it can be interpreted better.
El filtrado se realiza para adecuar una señal recibida para ser interpretada de una mejor forma o limpiarla o separarla de otras señales, para poderla apreciar más claramente. Los filtros ayudan en este sentido, eliminando componentes de frecuencia indeseadas o que no interesan. Filtering is done to adapt a received signal to be interpreted in a better way or clean it or separate it from other signals, so that it can be seen more clearly. Filters help in this regard, eliminating unwanted or uninteresting frequency components.
3.1 Clasificación de los filtros: 3.1 Filter classification:
Según su efecto, los filtros se dividen en dos categorías: According to their effect, filters are divided into two categories:
• Conformadores de frecuencia: Los que cambian el espectro • Frequency shapers: Those that change the spectrum
· Selectivos en frecuencia: los que eliminan ciertas frecuencias y dejan pasar otras. · Frequency selective: those that eliminate certain frequencies and let others pass.
• Según su implementación, los filtros se dividen en:
• Análogos: Los filtros analógicos utilizan componentes físicas (resistencias, condensadores, transistores, etc.). • Depending on their implementation, the filters are divided into: • Analogs: Analog filters use physical components (resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.).
- Pasivos: No necesitan alimentación. Se hacen con resistencias, condensadores1 y bobinas. Tienen elevada impedancia de entrada, con lo cual se carga la etapa anterior y la ganancia depende de la frecuencia. Tienen impedancia de salida baja y la salida carga el filtro. Usan inductancias elevadas para filtrar en baja frecuencia. - Liabilities: They do not need food. They are made with resistors, capacitors 1 and coils. They have high input impedance, which loads the previous stage and the gain depends on the frequency. They have low output impedance and the output loads the filter. They use high inductances to filter at low frequency.
- Activos: Necesitan alimentación. Tienen impedancia de entrada grande y de salida muy baja. Las resistencias y condensadores son los elementos constitutivos. El margen dinámico de voltaje de salida está limitado por la saturación de los amplificadores operacionales. El ancho de banda es limitado. Los amplificadores operacionales generan ruido - Assets: They need food. They have large input and very low output impedance. Resistors and capacitors are the constituent elements. The dynamic range of output voltage is limited by the saturation of operational amplifiers. Bandwidth is limited. Operational amplifiers generate noise
■ Digitales: ■ Digital:
Los filtros digitales modifican una señal discreta mediante operaciones matemáticas. Digital filters modify a discrete signal through mathematical operations.
- FIR: Finite Impulse Response: Son muy estables porque no tienen polos, además tienen fase lineal bajo ciertas condiciones. Pueden diseñarse filtros con pendientes muy pronunciadas, haciéndolo casi un filtro ideal. - MR: Infinite Impulse Response: Es el tipo de filtro digital resultante de aproximar un filtro análogo. Según su función, los filtros se clasifican en: - FIR: Finite Impulse Response: They are very stable because they do not have poles, they also have a linear phase under certain conditions. Filters with very steep slopes can be designed, making it almost an ideal filter. - MR: Infinite Impulse Response: It is the type of digital filter resulting from approximating an analog filter. According to their function, filters are classified as:
■ Pasa-bajo: ■ Low pass:
Son aquellos que permiten el paso de señales de frecuencias cero hasta un cierto valor predeterminado que se denomina "frecuencia de corte superior" del filtro, para la cual la atenuación que produce el filtro es de 3 db. Esto significa que en ese lugar la mitad de la potencia de entrada es eliminada. They are those that allow the passage of zero frequency signals up to a certain predetermined value called the "upper cutoff frequency" of the filter, for which the attenuation produced by the filter is 3 db. This means that in that place half of the input power is eliminated.
• Pasa-alto: • Pass-high:
Son aquellos que permiten el paso de señales desde una frecuencia denominada "frecuencia de corte inferior", hasta una superior, que teóricamente en un filtro ideal se extiende hasta el infinito. They are those that allow the passage of signals from a frequency called "lower cutoff frequency", to a higher one, which theoretically in an ideal filter extends to infinity.
■ Filtro Pasa-banda: Permiten el paso de señales cuyas frecuencias se encuentran comprendidas entre dos, denominadas "frecuencia de corte superior e inferior" respectivamente. Se puede construir mediante la combinación de pasa baja y pasa alta. ■ Pass-band filter: They allow the passage of signals whose frequencies are between two, called "upper and lower cutoff frequency" respectively. It can be built by combining low pass and high pass.
■ Filtro Eliminabanda (rechaza banda): No permiten el paso de señales, cuyas frecuencias se encuentren comprendidas entre otras dos, denominadas "frecuencias de corte superior e inferior" Se puede construir mediante la combinación de pasa baja y pasa alta.
3.2. Fitros digitales: ■ Band Eliminator filter (band rejects): They do not allow the passage of signals, whose frequencies are included between two others, called "upper and lower cutoff frequencies". It can be constructed by combining low pass and high pass. 3.2. Digital fixtures:
Un filtro digital, es un filtro que opera sobre señales digitales. Es una operación matemática que toma una secuencia de números (la señal de entrada) y la modifica produciendo otra secuencia de números (la señal de salida) con el objetivo de resaltar o atenuar ciertas características. A digital filter is a filter that operates on digital signals. It is a mathematical operation that takes a sequence of numbers (the input signal) and modifies it by producing another sequence of numbers (the output signal) with the aim of highlighting or attenuating certain characteristics.
Puede existir como una fórmula en un papel, un loop en un programa de computadora, como un circuito integrado en un chip. It can exist as a formula on a paper, a loop in a computer program, as a circuit integrated in a chip.
La aplicaciones se utilizan son: The applications used are:
- Separación de señales - Signal separation
- Recuperación de señales distorsionadas: - Recovery of distorted signals:
- Síntesis de sonido: creación o modificación de señales para moldear espectros o formas de onda y lograr el efecto auditivo buscado. - Sound synthesis: creation or modification of signals to mold spectra or waveforms and achieve the desired auditory effect.
3.3. uestreo: 3.3. sampling:
Es la operación que consiste en tomar muestras periódicas de los valores de una señal continua (analógica) a intervalos regulares de tiempo (o de la variable independiente). La frecuencia a la cual se capturan los valores se dice frecuencia de muestreo. It is the operation that consists of taking periodic samples of the values of a continuous (analog) signal at regular intervals of time (or of the independent variable). The frequency at which the values are captured is called the sampling frequency.
Es el primer proceso que interviene en la conversión de una señal analógica en digital. It is the first process involved in the conversion of an analog signal into digital.
Los otros procesos matemáticos son: The other mathematical processes are:
- La cuantificación: asignación de un margen de valor a un único nivel de salida por ejemplo por redondeo o truncamiento sobre una precisión determinada, y - Quantification: assignment of a margin of value to a single output level for example by rounding or truncation over a given precision, and
- La codificación: traducción de los valores cuantificados a un código, generalmente binario. - Coding: translation of quantified values into a code, usually binary.
La cuantificación, al contrario del muestreo, no es reversible pues se produce una pérdida de información que se traduce en un error llamado ruido de cuantificación. Durante el muestreo la señal es aún analógica (puede tomar cualquier valor), a partir de la cuantificación la señal se vuelve digital (toma ya valores finitos). Quantification, unlike sampling, is not reversible as there is a loss of information that results in an error called quantization noise. During sampling the signal is still analog (it can take any value), from quantization the signal becomes digital (it already takes finite values).
Esta transcripción a señales digitales se realiza para facilitar su procesamiento y inmunizar la señal resultante del ruido y otras interferencias a las que son más sensibles las señales analógicas. This transcription to digital signals is done to facilitate its processing and immunize the signal resulting from noise and other interference to which analog signals are more sensitive.
4. Análisis de Fourier: La Transformada de Fourier es una herramienta de análisis muy utilizada en el campo científico (acústica, ingeniería biomédica, métodos numéricos, procesamiento de señal, radar, electromagnetismo,
comunicaciones, etc.). Transforma una señal representada en el dominio del tiempo al dominio de la frecuencia, sin alterar su contenido de información, sólo es una forma diferente de representarla. 4. Fourier Analysis: The Fourier Transform is an analysis tool widely used in the scientific field (acoustics, biomedical engineering, numerical methods, signal processing, radar, electromagnetism, communications, etc.) Transforms a signal represented in the time domain to the frequency domain, without altering its information content, it is only a different way of representing it.
El análisis de Fourier permite descomponer una señal compleja en un conjunto de componentes de frecuencia única, aunque no nos indica el instante en que han ocurrido. Esta descomposición es útil para señales estacionarias: las componentes de las frecuencias que forman la señal compleja no cambian a lo largo del tiempo. Fourier analysis allows us to decompose a complex signal into a set of single frequency components, although it does not indicate the moment in which they occurred. This decomposition is useful for stationary signals: the components of the frequencies that make up the complex signal do not change over time.
La función matemática que define a la transformada es: The mathematical function that defines the transformed is:
4.1 Fourier en las telecomunicaciones: 4.1 Fourier in telecommunications:
El estudio de las telecomunicaciones se basa en los métodos matemáticos establecidos por Joseph Fourier, generados inicialmente para al estudio de las vibraciones. Se utilizan para analizar el comportamiento de señales eléctricas que varían de un modo complicado en función del tiempo. The study of telecommunications is based on the mathematical methods established by Joseph Fourier, initially generated for the study of vibrations. They are used to analyze the behavior of electrical signals that vary in a complicated way as a function of time.
El Análisis de Fourier es fundamental en este estudio, pues provee las técnicas matemáticas con las cuales el ingeniero puede describir señales y sistemas no solamente en el dominio del tiempo sino también en el dominio de la frecuencia. El Análisis de Fourier se basa en la representación de una función complicada como una suma de funciones sinusoidales, y su utilidad depende de dos hechos físicos importantes: la invariancia en el tiempo y la linealidad. Fourier Analysis is fundamental in this study, as it provides the mathematical techniques with which the engineer can describe signals and systems not only in the time domain but also in the frequency domain. Fourier Analysis is based on the representation of a complicated function as a sum of sinusoidal functions, and its usefulness depends on two important physical facts: the invariance in time and linearity.
En los sistemas de comunicación las señales son magnitudes que varían en el tiempo, tales como voltajes y corrientes. Los elementos funcionales de un sistema son los circuitos eléctricos y tanto éstos como las señales se pueden representar en el "dominio del tiempo" si la variable independiente es el tiempo (t), o en el "dominio de la frecuencia" si la variable independiente es la frecuencia (f). In communication systems the signals are magnitudes that vary over time, such as voltages and currents. The functional elements of a system are the electrical circuits and both these and the signals can be represented in the "time domain" if the independent variable is time (t), or in the "frequency domain" if the independent variable is the frequency (f).
En el análisis y estudio de los sistemas de comunicación es necesario describir o representar las señales y sistemas en el domino de la frecuencia, lo cual conlleva a los conceptos de "espectro" y de "ancho de banda". La representación espectro-temporal de señales y sistemas es posible mediante el Análisis Espectral de Fourier: Series y Transformadas. In the analysis and study of communication systems it is necessary to describe or represent the signals and systems in the frequency domain, which leads to the concepts of "spectrum" and "bandwidth". The spectrum-temporal representation of signals and systems is possible by Fourier Spectral Analysis: Series and Transformed.
Las señales eléctricas utilizadas en los sistemas de comunicación están representadas generalmente en el dominio del tiempo donde la variable independiente es t (tiempo). The electrical signals used in communication systems are generally represented in the time domain where the independent variable is t (time).
No obstante, en el análisis de sistemas de comunicación es imperativo describir también las señales en el dominio de la frecuencia donde la variable independiente es f (frecuencia). Esto quiere decir que una
señal temporal se puede considerar como constituida por un número de componentes de frecuencia, generalmente señales sinusoidales, con una amplitud, fase y frecuencia dadas. O sea, aunque una señal existe físicamente en el dominio del tiempo, puede decirse que ella está formada por un conjunto de componentes en el dominio de la frecuencia, denominado el "espectro" de la señal. However, in the analysis of communication systems it is imperative to also describe the signals in the frequency domain where the independent variable is f (frequency). This means that a Temporal signal can be considered as constituted by a number of frequency components, generally sinusoidal signals, with a given amplitude, phase and frequency. That is, although a signal physically exists in the time domain, it can be said that it is formed by a set of components in the frequency domain, called the "spectrum" of the signal.
Las series de Fourier permiten describir una señal, función del tiempo, como superposición de señales más simples (sinusoides) de varias frecuencias múltiplos de la frecuencia fundamental. El espectro de frecuencia es una medida de la distribución de amplitudes o de las fases de cada frecuencia. El proceso que cuantifica las diversas intensidades de cada frecuencia se conoce como análisis espectral. Fourier series allow to describe a signal, a function of time, as a superposition of simpler (sinusoid) signals of several frequencies multiples of the fundamental frequency. The frequency spectrum is a measure of the distribution of amplitudes or phases of each frequency. The process that quantifies the different intensities of each frequency is known as spectral analysis.
Una señal periódica se puede representar mediante un gráfico de flechas paralelas al eje de las ordenadas de altura (intensidad) en la frecuencia. Se obtiene así una representación del espectro de amplitudes en rayas de la señal. Estos espectros son discretos. En el caso que los sean reales la señal tiene una sola representación en frecuencia. Para la transformada de Fourier el espectro será continuo. A periodic signal can be represented by a graph of arrows parallel to the axis of the ordinates of height (intensity) in the frequency. A representation of the spectrum of amplitudes in stripes of the signal is thus obtained. These spectra are discrete. In the case that they are real, the signal has only one frequency representation. For the Fourier transform the spectrum will be continuous.
4.2 Fourier en la fonética: La mayoría de los fonólogos utilizan los espectrogramas para la realización de sus investigaciones. Sin embargo, para señales no estacionarias se debe tomar tramos o ventanas en donde se pueda considerar estacionaria y así poder aplicar la Transformada de Fourier. Para realizar el análisis completo debemos tomar una secuencia de ventanas para observar la evolución de las frecuencias de la señal original. Al aplicar la TF a una ventana nos da como resultado un conjunto de valores que corresponden a las amplitudes de las distintas frecuencias. Como la diferencia de las amplitudes es. muy diferente, normalmente se aplica una escala logarítmica para la codificación. Además, se establece un nivel mínimo de señal, debajo de la cual se considera ruido y se elimina, y nivel máximo para la codificación de colores. Las ventanas pueden estar solapadas, contiguas o separadas, según la intensidad de información que queramos visualizar. 4.2 Fourier in phonetics: Most phonologists use spectrograms to conduct their investigations. However, for non-stationary signals, sections or windows must be taken where it can be considered stationary and thus be able to apply the Fourier Transform. To perform the complete analysis we must take a sequence of windows to observe the evolution of the frequencies of the original signal. Applying the TF to a window results in a set of values that correspond to the amplitudes of the different frequencies. As the difference in amplitudes is. very different, a logarithmic scale is usually applied for coding. In addition, a minimum signal level is established, below which noise is considered and eliminated, and maximum level for color coding. The windows can be overlapping, contiguous or separated, depending on the intensity of information we want to visualize.
5. Estado del arte 5. State of the art
Existen además diversas invenciones en torno a sistemas de medición de audiencias que (que aunque anteceden la presente invención) diferencian esta invención en distintos aspectos que veremos. There are also various inventions around audience measurement systems that (which although precedent the present invention) differentiate this invention in different aspects that we will see.
El "Real-time, mobile, audience measurement system" (CA 2441373 A1 , PCT/SE2013/000006) es un sistema que permite identificar, registros e informes, y realiza la transmisión de la información a una estación de radio con el nivel del rating que en ese momento está cifrando la información. La estación y la información del volumen de escucha da una indicación sobre rangos estadísticos de la popularidad del contenido sea en radio o en televisión y puede clasificar la información para ordenarla gradualmente.
Aunque el dispositivo se puede utilizar tanto para la radio y la televisión, el sistema se centra principalmente en medir los datos de radio, específicamente de radio de vehículos y cuenta con: The "Real-time, mobile, audience measurement system" (CA 2441373 A1, PCT / SE2013 / 000006) is a system that identifies, records and reports, and transmits the information to a radio station with the level of rating that is currently encrypting the information. The station and the listening volume information gives an indication about statistical ranges of the popularity of the content either on radio or on television and you can sort the information to order it gradually. Although the device can be used for both radio and television, the system focuses primarily on measuring radio data, specifically vehicle radio and features:
• Una unidad en un vehículo. • A unit in a vehicle.
· Una unidad remota. · A remote unit.
• Un servidor central. • A central server.
La unidad vehicular identifica la estación y de forma inalámbrica transmite esta información a la unidad remota, que luego transmite, a través de Internet la información al servidor central. El servidor central recoge los datos de todas las fuentes y lleva a cabo el procesamiento de la información transmitida. Sin embargo, este antecedente no posee un método de separación y segmentación del audio recolectado que determine la calidad del dato y por el contrario solo recolecta el volumen del audio sin ningún procesamiento, ni segmentación temporal que es el punto que pretende resolver la presente invención. El "Audience Measurement System" (EP 0669070 A1 , PCT/US1994/01 1795) tiene como objetivo la medición de calificaciones visuales y contenidos de audio por parte de los medios de comunicación. Utiliza una marca de agua mediante el uso de un dispositivo de comunicación móvil que comprende un receptor y un servidor. En el que la comunicación entre el servidor y el dispositivo de comunicación móvil se realiza a través de un medio de transmisión. El sistema de medición de audiencia utiliza códigos auxiliares para identificar programas de emisión codificados ser seleccionados por su visualización o escucha, y recoge datos o señales de programas que pueden utilizarse posteriormente para identificar los programas de radiodifusión no codificados. Se trata sin embargo de una invención que no da solución a la medición global de audiencias pues es de uso para hogares únicamente, no describe como se extrae la huella, no usa sincronización en la recolección de los audios, el método de extracción y procesamiento de la huella es diferente a la presente invención pues tampoco ésta contempla los diferentes métodos de recolección de audio, ni de transmisión del mismo para su procesamiento The vehicle unit identifies the station and wirelessly transmits this information to the remote unit, which then transmits the information to the central server over the Internet. The central server collects data from all sources and carries out the processing of the transmitted information. However, this background does not have a method of separation and segmentation of the collected audio that determines the quality of the data and instead only collects the volume of the audio without any processing, nor temporal segmentation that is the point that the present invention intends to solve. The "Audience Measurement System" (EP 0669070 A1, PCT / US1994 / 01 1795) aims to measure visual ratings and audio content by the media. It uses a watermark by using a mobile communication device comprising a receiver and a server. In which the communication between the server and the mobile communication device is carried out through a transmission medium. The audience measurement system uses auxiliary codes to identify coded broadcast programs to be selected for viewing or listening, and collects data or signals from programs that can be used later to identify uncoded broadcast programs. It is, however, an invention that does not provide a solution to the global measurement of audiences because it is for use by households only, does not describe how the fingerprint is extracted, does not use synchronization in the collection of audios, the method of extraction and processing of the fingerprint is different from the present invention because it does not contemplate the different methods of audio collection, nor transmission thereof for processing
El "System for measuring the audience rating of a broadcasting station" (EP 0309326 B1) mide audiencias por la grabación en tarjetas de memoria. Las tarjetas con chips electrónicos, cuentan con unidades de medición que emiten en paralelo el momento de transmisiones de la estación. La transmisión en paralelo puede ser una emisión codificada en la banda de radiofrecuencia utilizada. Preferiblemente esta transmisión paralela se realiza mediante un servidor de comunicaciones de teléfono informatizado a la que las tarjetas de memoria de los oyentes están unidos por un lector/grabador conectado a un modulador interconectado con el servidor. Se muestran ios índices de medición de audiencia que permite efectuar un correcto análisis de la información. Sin embargo, esta invención no procesa ni compara sonidos de ninguna fuente, por lo que su sistema y aplicación comercial es diferente. The "System for measuring the audience rating of a broadcasting station" (EP 0309326 B1) measures audiences by recording on memory cards. The cards with electronic chips, have units of measurement that emit in parallel the moment of transmissions of the station. The parallel transmission may be an encoded broadcast in the radio frequency band used. Preferably, this parallel transmission is carried out by means of a computerized telephone communications server to which the memory cards of the listeners are linked by a reader / recorder connected to a modulator interconnected with the server. The audience measurement indices are shown that allow a correct analysis of the information. However, this invention does not process or compare sounds from any source, so its system and commercial application is different.
El "Audience measurement system and method for digital broadcasts" (WO 2001061892 A3, PCT/US2001/005104) describe un método en el que se mide audiencia de emisiones digitales, y se
realiza una verificación programa de alineación, además las muestras estadísticas de audiencia. Se recogen de los datos agregados por el órgano de radiodifusión para este propósito. Cuenta con un ID de canal codificado y otros datos de identificación de programa, que se colocan en la corriente de ID de servicio y el decodificador o dispositivo de recepción se dirige a la salida de estos datos al puerto de comunicación del dispositivo. También cuenta con una sonda conectada al puerto de comunicación, con el objetivo de extraer los datos y de decodif icarios para el uso estadístico de medición de la programación digital. Esta invención tampoco es una solución en el mercado por cuanto no es capaz de comparar sonidos. Por el contrario, descodifica códigos digitales transmitidos por la radioemisora para establecer su origen y el momento de transmisión, por lo que tampoco resuelve el problema que sí aborda nuestra invención. The "Audience measurement system and method for digital broadcasts" (WO 2001061892 A3, PCT / US2001 / 005104) describes a method in which digital broadcast audience is measured, and performs an alignment program verification, in addition to the statistical audience samples. They are collected from the data aggregated by the broadcasting body for this purpose. It has an encrypted channel ID and other program identification data, which are placed in the service ID stream and the decoder or receiving device is directed to the output of this data to the communication port of the device. It also has a probe connected to the communication port, in order to extract the data and decoders for the statistical use of digital programming measurement. This invention is also not a solution in the market because it is not able to compare sounds. On the contrary, it decodes digital codes transmitted by the radio station to establish its origin and the moment of transmission, so it does not solve the problem that our invention does.
El "Network resource monitoring and measurement system and method (US 8495198 B2) consta de un método y sistema de análisis para la medición de múltiples fuentes de datos a través de una red de comunicaciones, con el fin de determinar la información o el uso de uno o más servidores de recursos. Elabora una colección de datos y medios de procesamiento que recogen y procesan las fuentes de datos que se envían a un servidor de informes a petición de las partes interesadas. La base de datos utiliza las fortalezas de las industrias de investigación más utilizados los medios de comunicación, tales como notas de datos para TV, datos de ratings de radio, encuestas de lectores y cuestionarios de uso del servicio. Este método se utiliza como un método más integrado de producir conjuntos de datos de televisión y radio mediante referencias cruzadas con otros medios de comunicación y las variables de consumo. La base de datos de televisión se actualiza periódicamente para que el programa de televisión o radio brinde los datos que les interesan a los operadores contratantes, pero se trata de una medición que tiene plena dependencia de esa base de datos como variable generadora del dato. Este antecedente no comparar sonidos ni describe fuentes sino que se limita a un simple sistema de análisis estadístico. The "Network resource monitoring and measurement system and method (US 8495198 B2) consists of a method and analysis system for the measurement of multiple data sources through a communications network, in order to determine the information or use of one or more resource servers. Prepares a collection of data and processing media that collect and process the data sources that are sent to a report server at the request of interested parties. The database uses the strengths of the industry Most widely used research media, such as TV data notes, radio ratings data, reader surveys and service use questionnaires.This method is used as a more integrated method of producing television and radio data sets. through cross-references with other media and consumption variables. The television database is periodically updated so that the The television or radio program provides the data that are of interest to the contracting operators, but it is a measurement that has full dependence on that database as a variable that generates the data. This background does not compare sounds or describe sources, but is limited to a simple statistical analysis system.
El "System and method for obtaining comprehensive vehicle radio listener statistics" (WO 2003049339 A3, PCT/US2002/038174) utiliza un programa de ordenador para obtener estadísticas de oyentes de radio de vehículos globales, basados en parámetros como el estado de radio (por ejemplo, el estado on / off y CD / Tape / AM / FM), el volumen de la radio, la información de la emisora memorizada, la corriente ajuste de la frecuencia (es decir, la identificación de la estación), y posicionamiento global por satélite (GPS). Cuenta con unidad de campo colocado en el vehículo para la recogida y transmisión de dichos parámetros a una estación base. Los monitores del sistema almacenan todos los eventos relacionados con la interacción de los ocupantes con la radio del vehículo, incluyendo la detección automática de la emisora de radio seleccionada a través de un puerto del altavoz. Los datos almacenados se transmiten a la computadora central de recogimiento de datos de una estación base para su recopilación y análisis inmediato. El sistema es capaz de producir informes detallados que contienen las estadísticas de medición libre de errores, tal sistema puede ponerse a disposición de suscriptores, como emisoras, anunciantes corporativos, agencias de publicidad y similares. Este antecedente no compara sonidos, más bien recolecta información del status del radio de un automóvil y los transmite, también inyecta códigos al sintonizador del mismo radio para determinar su sintonía pero sigue sin resolver el problema de comparación que sí resuelve nuestra invención.
Ninguno de ellos logra resolver el problema de costo eficiencia que trae el método objeto de la presente invención, y ninguno de ellos logra estadísticas con niveles tan The "System and method for obtaining comprehensive vehicle radio listener statistics" (WO 2003049339 A3, PCT / US2002 / 038174) uses a computer program to obtain statistics of radio listeners of global vehicles, based on parameters such as radio status (by for example, the status on / off and CD / Tape / AM / FM), the volume of the radio, the information of the memorized station, the current frequency adjustment (i.e. the station identification), and global positioning by satellite (GPS). It has a field unit placed in the vehicle for the collection and transmission of these parameters to a base station. The system monitors store all events related to the interaction of the occupants with the vehicle radio, including automatic detection of the selected radio station through a speaker port. The stored data is transmitted to the central data collection computer of a base station for immediate collection and analysis. The system is capable of producing detailed reports containing error-free measurement statistics, such a system can be made available to subscribers, such as broadcasters, corporate advertisers, advertising agencies and the like. This background does not compare sounds, rather it collects information on the status of a car radio and transmits them, it also injects codes to the tuner of the same radio to determine its tuning but still does not solve the comparison problem that our invention does solve. None of them manages to solve the cost efficiency problem brought by the method object of the present invention, and none of them achieves statistics with such levels
altos de fiabilidad, por cuanto se trata de un método de obtención y comparación limpia del dato.
high reliability, since it is a method of obtaining and comparing the data cleanly.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los métodos utilizados de forma más común hasta el momento para la medición de audiencia son: a. Encuestas: selecciona una muestra de personas y hogares que representan el universo y se les pregunta la preferencia de selección de medios electrónicos a lo largo del día. Éste método tiene una baja frecuencia de muestreo y la cantidad de la muestra es usualmente muy limitada, este es el método más popular usado en radio. b. "People Meter": Es un método electrónico de capturar es un aparato que se instala junto al , televisor e intercepta la señal original de radiofrecuencia para que el usuario indique al aparato cual es el canal que desea ver, así registra esa información de manera precisa. El usuario también debe indicar mediante un control remoto quien es la persona que está viendo la televisión. La información recolectada se transmite a un computador donde la analiza y calcula el nivel de audiencia. Este método es el más popular y solo sirve para televisión c. "Portable People Meter": de la compañía Arbitran, es un sistema que consta de un aparato portátil que cada sujeto de muestra porta en todo momento para recolectar "huellas de agua" que son códigos inaudibles que se transmiten junto con el sonido de radio y televisión. Estos códigos son generados por un equipo especializado instalado en cada una de las estaciones de radio y televisión. Los códigos recolectados por el aparato portátil son transmitidos a una computadora para analizarla y calcular el nivel de audiencia. Este método funciona para radio y televisión. The methods most commonly used so far for audience measurement are: a. Surveys: select a sample of people and households that represent the universe and ask them the preference of selecting electronic media throughout the day. This method has a low sampling rate and the sample quantity is usually very limited, this is the most popular method used in radio. b. "People Meter": It is an electronic method of capturing is a device that is installed next to the television and intercepts the original radio frequency signal so that the user indicates to the device which channel he wishes to watch, so that information is recorded accurately . The user must also indicate by means of a remote control who is the person who is watching television. The information collected is transmitted to a computer where it analyzes and calculates the audience level. This method is the most popular and only serves for television c. "Portable People Meter": from the Arbitran company, it is a system consisting of a portable device that each sample subject carries at all times to collect "water tracks" that are inaudible codes that are transmitted along with the radio sound and television. These codes are generated by a specialized team installed in each of the radio and television stations. The codes collected by the portable device are transmitted to a computer to analyze and calculate the audience level. This method works for radio and television.
La cantidad de personas monitoreadas indican la precisión de la medida. El elevado costo de muchos de estos métodos en el mercado limitan el tamaño de la muestra aumentando así el error de la medición. Los métodos que dejan a discreción del sujeto de pruebas indicar quien está expuesto a la transmisión provoca un descenso en la confianza estadística de la muestra por lo tanto los datos obtenidos aunque tengan errores estadísticos bajos no indicarán la realidad del comportamiento de la audiencia. El método del "People Meter" se considera invasivo pues altera demasiado las costumbres de la audiencia al intervenir el equipo receptor de televisión, y la obligación de seguir un protocolo complejo para indicar cuales individuos están expuestos a la transmisión. Usualmente los sujetos de prueba abandonan el protocolo sugerido, por este motivo el nivel de confianza estadística baja considerablemente. La tecnología que presentamos supera precisamente estos obstáculos y presenta un sistema más fidedigno y confiable de medición que permite la interacción de diversos medios. The number of people monitored indicates the accuracy of the measure. The high cost of many of these methods in the market limits the sample size thereby increasing the measurement error. The methods left to the discretion of the test subject indicate who is exposed to the transmission causes a decrease in the statistical confidence of the sample therefore the data obtained even if they have low statistical errors will not indicate the reality of the audience's behavior. The method of "People Meter" is considered invasive because it alters the customs of the audience too much when the television reception team intervenes, and the obligation to follow a complex protocol to indicate which individuals are exposed to the transmission. Usually the test subjects leave the suggested protocol, for this reason the level of statistical confidence drops considerably. The technology we present precisely overcomes these obstacles and presents a more reliable and reliable measurement system that allows the interaction of various media.
El presente invento consiste en un método para medir estadísticamente la audiencia de transmisiones por medios electrónicos, para lo cual el sonido se recolecta por dispositivos móviles, portátiles, electrónicos, en la nube o fijos.
El sonido luego se utiliza para obtener el espectro de frecuencia que se comprime y transmite a un centro de proceso remoto formado por múltiples computadoras, donde se recolecta el espectro de frecuencia del sonido emitido por múltiples emisoras de radio y televisión. The present invention consists of a method to statistically measure the audience of transmissions by electronic means, for which sound is collected by mobile, portable, electronic, cloud or fixed devices. The sound is then used to obtain the frequency spectrum that is compressed and transmitted to a remote process center consisting of multiple computers, where the frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by multiple radio and television stations is collected.
Ambos espectros se comparan para determinar la similitud entre el sonido escuchado por las personas y el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos. Cuando hay una coincidencia se genera un reporte y el conjunto de coincidencias se utiliza para calcular la audiencia de cada medio electrónico. Both spectra are compared to determine the similarity between the sound heard by people and the sound emitted by electronic media. When there is a match, a report is generated and the set of matches is used to calculate the audience of each electronic medium.
Los medios electrónicos en los cuales se mide la audiencia comprenden: la radio analógica y digital AM y FM, radio satelital, televisión aérea, televisión por cable, televisión satelital, televisión terrestre, señales transmitidas por Internet, teléfono, transmisiones de radiofrecuencia inalámbricas, transmisiones a través de conductores eléctricos, transmisiones por luz con y sin fibra óptica, transmisiones por medios materiales usando vibraciones acústicas, señales grabadas en medios mecánicos, magnéticos, electrostáticos, semiconductores, químicos, biológicos y gráficos impresos. The electronic media in which the audience is measured includes: AM and FM analog and digital radio, satellite radio, aerial television, cable television, satellite television, terrestrial television, signals transmitted over the Internet, telephone, wireless radio frequency transmissions, transmissions through electrical conductors, light transmissions with and without fiber optics, transmissions by material means using acoustic vibrations, signals recorded in mechanical, magnetic, electrostatic, semiconductor, chemical, biological and printed graphics media.
El proceso es sencillo y comprende los siguientes pasos: The process is simple and includes the following steps:
ETAPA 1 CON RESPECTO AL DATO CAPTURADO STAGE 1 REGARDING THE DATA CAPTURED
1 Se comprime el sonido capturado mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de comprensión: 1 The captured sound is compressed using one of the following comprehension algorithms:
Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation, utilizando un micrófono de un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario ubicado a una corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de una muestra estadística. Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Loss Method, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation, using a microphone from a portable or stationary electronic device located a short distance from the person who It is part of a statistical sample.
2 Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra de uno a 300 segundos. 2 Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes of one at 300 seconds
3 Se repite la separación de sonidos de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos, dejando un registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. 3 The sound separation is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture.
4 Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. 4 The captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation.
ETAPA 2 CON RESPECTO AL PROCESAMIENTO DE LA SEÑAL STAGE 2 WITH REGARD TO THE SIGNAL PROCESSING
1. Se Digitaliza el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos.
2. Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra, de uno a 300 segundos, siempre utilizando los mismos parámetros de separación de sonidos utilizados para los dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística. 1. The sound emitted by electronic means is digitized. 2. Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, from one to 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
3. Se repite la separación de sonidos en rangos de frecuencia de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos con registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. 3. The separation of sounds in frequency ranges is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds with record of the exact time of the start of capture.
4. Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante una lista algoritmos que se seleccionan de los siguientes mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. ETAPA 3 DE COMPARACIÓN 4. The captured and separated sound is compressed, using a list of algorithms that are selected from the following by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. COMPARISON STAGE 3
Se transmiten uno o ambos sonidos capturados con o sin separación en varias frecuencias a un computador remoto donde serán comparados. One or both sounds captured with or without separation at various frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer where they will be compared.
Se comparan los espectros de frecuencia del sonido emitido por cada medio electrónico en un momento y el sonido recibido por cada persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística en el mismo momento de captura, haciendo comparaciones continuas y sucesivas. The frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person that is part of the statistical sample at the same moment of capture are compared, making continuous and successive comparisons.
Si la comparación es positiva, se procede a insertar el momento de captura de esa comparación positiva, el código de medio electrónico y el código del sujeto de prueba en un sistema de bases de datos. If the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system.
Se calcula una proyección estadística de la audiencia usando las comparaciones positivas. A statistical projection of the audience is calculated using positive comparisons.
Este método puede utilizar una conexión alámbrica o inalámbrica con el dispositivo que está reproduciendo el sonido escuchado por la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística para realizar la captura del dato, y el sonido se puede recibir por medio de un micrófono, un acelerómetro o directamente de otro equipo por medio de una conexión alámbrica o inalámbrica y se puede digitalizar con equipos localizados en las instalaciones de las emisoras o en lugares remotos. El método en cuestión permite la captura, digitalización y procesamiento del sonido emitido por medios electrónicos tales como computadoras, teléfonos celulares, tabletas, equipos de reproducción de sonido, equipos de reproducción de video, equipos de grabación de sonido, equipos de grabación de video, equipos con microprocesadores, equipos con microcontroiadores, equipos de videojuegos, agendas electrónicas, microprocesadores, microcontroiadores, procesadores digitales de señales, dispositivos de lógica programable u otro dispositivo donde se digitalicen los sonidos emitidos por esos medios.
Este proceso permite que se alterne a lo largo del tiempo y en periodos fijos o variables la digitalización del sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos, y alterna la digitalización y proceso del sonido recibido por las personas que forman parte de la muestra estadística, con el uso normal del equipo utilizado para la digitalización, utilizando sistemas de comunicación alámbrica, inalámbrico, fibra óptica, Internet, medios magnéticos, medios mecánicos, medios químicos, medios biológicos, medios electrostáticos, medios que usan semiconductores y gráficos impresos para transmitir la información recolectada. This method can use a wired or wireless connection with the device that is reproducing the sound heard by the person who is part of the statistical sample to capture the data, and the sound can be received by means of a microphone, an accelerometer or directly from other equipment by means of a wired or wireless connection and can be digitized with equipment located in the facilities of the stations or in remote places. The method in question allows the capture, digitization and processing of sound emitted by electronic means such as computers, cell phones, tablets, sound reproduction equipment, video reproduction equipment, sound recording equipment, video recording equipment, equipment with microprocessors, equipment with microcontroiators, videogames equipment, electronic agendas, microprocessors, microcontroiators, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices or other device where the sounds emitted by these means are digitized. This process allows the digitalization of the sound emitted by electronic media to be alternated over time and in fixed or variable periods, and alternates the digitalization and process of the sound received by the people who are part of the statistical sample, with the use normal of the equipment used for digitization, using wired, wireless, fiber optic, Internet, magnetic media, mechanical media, chemical media, biological media, electrostatic media, semiconductor media and printed graphics systems to transmit the collected information.
Los sonidos capturados tanto de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística como el transmitido por el medio electrónico son transmitidos a un nodo intermedio y retransmitidos a diversos nodos hasta llegar al computador remoto donde serán comparados. The sounds captured from both the person who is part of the statistical sample and that transmitted by the electronic medium are transmitted to an intermediate node and retransmitted to various nodes until they reach the remote computer where they will be compared.
La invención también se refiere a una plataforma tecnológica para medición de espectros de frecuencias de sonido emitidas por medios electrónicos y de comunicación, donde: The invention also relates to a technological platform for measuring spectra of sound frequencies emitted by electronic and communication means, where:
• se digitaliza el sonido captado por un micrófono ubicado en un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario de corto alcance, se procesa este sonido separándolo en varias frecuencias y transmitiéndolo a un sistema de cómputo. • the sound captured by a microphone located in a portable or stationary electronic device of short range is digitized, this sound is processed by separating it into several frequencies and transmitting it to a computer system.
• se digitaliza el sonido de los medios electrónicos, se procesa este sonido separándolo en varias frecuencias y transmitiéndolo a un sistema de cómputo. • the sound of the electronic media is digitized, this sound is processed by separating it into several frequencies and transmitting it to a computer system.
• Se comparan ambos datos captados en un mismo momento para determinar las coincidencias de sonido y determinar la hora, medios y persona donde coincide la medición. • Both data captured at the same time are compared to determine the sound matches and determine the time, means and person where the measurement coincides.
• Se generan proyecciones estadísticas de las mediciones que se envían por medios electrónicos a una base de datos. • Statistical projections of measurements that are sent electronically to a database are generated.
En resumen, el proceso de medición de audiencias por medios electrónicos comprende los siguientes pasos: a) Se procesa una señal captada en dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística por medio de los siguientes pasos: a.1. Utilizando un micrófono o acelerómetro de un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario ubicado a una corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de una muestra estadística, se capta y se comprime el sonido mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziy, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation a.2 Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra de uno a 300 segundos.
a.3. Se repite la separación de sonidos de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos, dejando un registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. a.4. Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, In summary, the process of measuring audiences by electronic means includes the following steps: a) A signal captured in devices at a short distance from the person who is part of the statistical sample is processed through the following steps: a.1. Using a microphone or accelerometer of a portable or stationary electronic device located a short distance from the person who is part of a statistical sample, the sound is captured and compressed by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziy, Lempel- Ziv-Renau, Huffman coding, Psychoacoustic method with loss, Vorbis algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation a.2 Each sound is separated from two to one thousand twenty four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, transformed Fourier or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes from one to 300 seconds. a.3. The separation of sounds is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture. a.4. The captured and separated sound is compressed by one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau,
Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b) Se realiza el procesamiento de la señal emitida por medios electrónicos mediante los siguientes pasos: Huffman coding, Psychoacoustic method with loss, Vorbis algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b) The processing of the signal emitted by electronic means is carried out by the following steps:
b.1. Se digitaliza el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos. b.1. Sound emitted by electronic media is digitized.
b.2. Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra, de uno a 300 segundos, siempre utilizando los mismos parámetros de separación de sonidos utilizados para los dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística. b.2. Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, of one at 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
b.3 Se repite la separación de sonidos en rangos de frecuencia de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos con registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. b.3 The separation of sounds in frequency ranges is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds with record of the exact time of the start of capture.
b.4. Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. c) Se transmiten uno o ambos sonidos capturados con o sin separación en varias frecuencias a un computador remoto donde serán comparados. d) Se comparan los espectros de frecuencia del sonido emitido por cada medio electrónico en un momento y el sonido recibido por cada persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística en el mismo momento de captura, haciendo comparaciones continuas y sucesivas. e) Si la comparación es positiva, se procede a insertar el momento de captura de esa comparación positiva, el código de medio electrónico y el código del sujeto de prueba en un sistema de bases de datos. f) Se calcula una proyección estadística de la audiencia usando las comparaciones positivas. b.4. The captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. c) One or both sounds captured with or without separation in several frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer where they will be compared. d) The frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person that is part of the statistical sample at the same moment of capture are compared, making continuous and successive comparisons. e) If the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system. f) A statistical projection of the audience is calculated using positive comparisons.
Este método puede ser desarrollado en un App para teléfonos inteligentes, tabletas, y cualquier otro dispositivo móvil y podría además un dispositivo móvil inteligente utiliza el método descrito.
Los sonidos a comparar deben ser digitalizados para iniciar el proceso de comparación. Cada sonido debe ser separado en varias frecuencias y luego los datos obtenidos son comprimidos, luego los datos se transmiten al centro de procesamiento y se comparan para obtener el resultado final. Para la digitalización, el sonido se ingresa mediante un micrófono y es digitalizado por medio de convertidores analógico a digital. This method can be developed in an App for smartphones, tablets, and any other mobile device and a smart mobile device could also use the described method. The sounds to be compared must be digitized to start the comparison process. Each sound must be separated into several frequencies and then the data obtained is compressed, then the data is transmitted to the processing center and compared to obtain the final result. For digitization, the sound is entered by means of a microphone and is digitized by means of analog to digital converters.
Con respecto al espectro de frecuencia, el sonido digitalizado se descompone en múltiples frecuencias utilizando algún método de análisis tal como la transformada rápida de Fourier. El tamaño de la muestra para este análisis es variable. El resultado es el dato de la potencia del sonido para cada frecuencia. With respect to the frequency spectrum, the digitized sound is broken down into multiple frequencies using some analysis method such as the fast Fourier transform. The sample size for this analysis is variable. The result is the sound power data for each frequency.
Para la compresión de datos, los datos del espectro de frecuencias se comprimen para enviarlo a los equipos que se encargan de hacer la comparación. Finalmente, los datos de los espectros se transmiten por algún medio usual hasta las computadoras que los almacenan y posteriormente hacen la comparación. La comparación indica que tan parecido es al sonido recibido por cada persona y el sonido emitido por cada medio electrónico, se pueden usar métodos de comparación clásicos como redes neuronales, y lógica difusa. Mediante análisis estadísticos ya existentes se calcula la audiencia, porcentajes de error, proyecciones, categorías, segmentos de mercado y toda la información usual para este tipo de servicio. For data compression, the frequency spectrum data is compressed to be sent to the equipment responsible for making the comparison. Finally, the spectral data is transmitted by some usual means to the computers that store it and then make the comparison. The comparison indicates how similar it is to the sound received by each person and the sound emitted by each electronic medium, classical comparison methods such as neural networks, and fuzzy logic can be used. By means of already existing statistical analyzes, the audience, error percentages, projections, categories, market segments and all the usual information for this type of service are calculated.
Este método genera reportes a partir de la información obtenida, que pueden ser en formato HTML, WORD, EXCEL, etc. Otros programas personalizados pueden acceder también a los datos para elaborar sus propios reportes. This method generates reports based on the information obtained, which can be in HTML, WORD, EXCEL, etc. Other custom programs can also access the data to prepare their own reports.
Como hemos indicado ya, el método para medición de audiencias está constituido de tres partes fundamentales: La captura del sonido del entorno del sujeto de prueba. La captura del sonido de las emisoras de radio, televisión e internet. Y la comparación de los dos sonidos mediante algoritmos especiales. As we have already indicated, the method for measuring audiences consists of three fundamental parts: The capture of the sound of the environment of the test subject. The capture of the sound of radio, television and internet stations. And the comparison of the two sounds using special algorithms.
Captura del sonido del entorno del sujeto de pruebas Sound capture of the test subject's environment
La captura de este sonido se realiza mediante un micrófono o mediante la interceptación del sonido en el propio reproductor de audio que está usando el sujeto de prueba. O por medio de una conexión cableada con algún aparato grabador de sonido. También se puede recibir el sonido a través de un dispositivo inalámbrico tal como un manos libres, bluetooth o un dispositivo con WiFi. Como método adicional al micrófono puede ser un acelerométro o bien in interferómetro óptico el cual puede escuchar el sonido a distancia. This sound is captured by a microphone or by intercepting the sound in the audio player itself that the test subject is using. Or by means of a wired connection with some sound recording device. You can also receive the sound through a wireless device such as a hands-free, bluetooth or a device with WiFi. As an additional method to the microphone can be an accelerometer or an optical interferometer which can listen to the sound from a distance.
Este sonido es digitalizado y separado en varios rangos de frecuencia, esto se realiza con técnicas de separación similares a la de los ecualizadores (filtros digitales y transformada de Fourier), la separación
del sonido debe comprimirse para poder ser enviada rápidamente aun cuando el ancho de banda disponible es limitado. La compresión puede ser en formato MP3 o cualquier otro formato estándar. This sound is digitized and separated into several frequency ranges, this is done with separation techniques similar to that of equalizers (digital filters and Fourier transform), separation The sound must be compressed to be sent quickly even when the available bandwidth is limited. Compression can be in MP3 format or any other standard format.
Luego se transmite junto con la hora exacta de captura a un computador central para su almacenamiento y procesamiento. El sonido transmitido debe ser el separado en frecuencias pero también puede enviarse el sonido original. It is then transmitted along with the exact time of capture to a central computer for storage and processing. The transmitted sound must be separated into frequencies but the original sound can also be sent.
El aparato que realiza esta captura de sonido puede ser cualquiera capaz de adquirir, digitalizar, almacenar en un buffer y transmitir el sonido, por lo que puede ser desde un computador, teléfono celular, tableta o un equipo diseñado para tal fin, el aparato puede ser portátil para que el sujeto de prueba lo porte en todo momento o bien puede ser estacionario y colocarse en un lugar cercano al sujeto de prueba. The device that performs this sound capture can be anyone capable of acquiring, digitizing, storing in a buffer and transmitting the sound, so it can be from a computer, cell phone, tablet or a device designed for this purpose, the device can be portable so that the test subject carries it at all times or it can be stationary and placed in a place close to the test subject.
Incluso puede ser un grupo de personas expuestas al mismo sonido. It can even be a group of people exposed to the same sound.
En caso de que no exista una canal de comunicación continua, el sonido debe almacenarse en una memoria la cual es recolectada y llevada manualmente a un lugar donde se transmitirá hacia el computador central. Captura del sonido emitido por un medio electrónico In case there is no continuous communication channel, the sound must be stored in a memory which is collected and taken manually to a place where it will be transmitted to the central computer. Sound capture emitted by electronic means
El sonido emitido por la fuente puede ser capturado en la misma fuente o por medio de receptores de radio y televisión o conjuntos de sintonizadores múltiples. Si se usa un receptor estándar entonces debe usarse por ejemplo una tarjeta digitalizadora de sonido de múltiples canales. The sound emitted by the source can be captured at the same source or by means of radio and television receivers or sets of multiple tuners. If a standard receiver is used then a multi-channel sound digitizer card must be used for example.
Las transmisiones a través del internet se pueden capturar directamente en un computador. Transmissions through the internet can be captured directly on a computer.
El sonido debe ser digitalizado y enviado a un computador central donde se separa en varios rangos de frecuencia y se le da el mismo tratamiento que el sonido proveniente del sujeto de prueba. La transmisión de la información puede ser directa al computador de comparación o bien indirecta a través de diversos nodos de comunicación. The sound must be digitized and sent to a central computer where it is separated into several frequency ranges and given the same treatment as the sound coming from the test subject. The transmission of the information can be direct to the comparison computer or indirectly through various communication nodes.
Es indispensable que cada medio que quiera incluir en el estudio de medición de audiencia deba ser capturado. Comparación de sonidos It is essential that every medium that you want to include in the audience measurement study must be captured. Sound comparison
Los sonidos capturados previamente tanto de los sujetos de pruebas como de los medios electrónicos deben llegar a un mismo punto y debe conocerse la hora en que fueron capturados. Pre-captured sounds of both test subjects and electronic media must reach the same point and the time they were captured must be known.
Ese punto puede ser un computador central o el mismo equipo de captura de sonido. Allí los sonidos deben ser comparados mediante algoritmos ya existentes para tal fin, esta comparación debe ser sincrónica, eso significa que deben coincidir exactamente las horas de captura de ambos sonidos.
Para prevenir diferencias de hora entre los dos equipos de captura se debe hacer un barrido de comparaciones desde varios segundos antes hasta varios segundos después del momento en que se suponen están en sincronía. En caso de que ambos sonidos coincidan, debe almacenarse el dato en un sistema de bases de datos para su proceso posterior. That point can be a central computer or the same sound capture equipment. There the sounds must be compared using existing algorithms for this purpose, this comparison must be synchronous, that means that the hours of capture of both sounds must coincide exactly. To prevent time differences between the two capture devices, a comparison scan must be made from several seconds before to several seconds after the moment they are supposed to be in sync. If both sounds match, the data must be stored in a database system for further processing.
Los datos almacenados son: hora de la captura del segmento comparado, nombre o código del medio electrónico y nombre o código del sujeto de prueba. The stored data are: time of capture of the compared segment, name or code of the electronic medium and name or code of the test subject.
Por ejemplo, si el sujeto de prueba tiene un teléfono celular, mientras no lo esté utilizando el teléfono puede capturar el sonido, comprimirlo y enviarlo. O bien si el teléfono tiene un sintonizador de radio o televisión entonces puede capturar el sonido ambiente y el sonido recibido por el sintonizador, la sintonía puede variarse cada cierto tiempo y en cada cambio se compara con el sonido ambiente. Si hay coincidencia entonces se envía el dato al computador central. For example, if the test subject has a cell phone, while not using it, the phone can capture the sound, compress it and send it. Or if the phone has a radio or television tuner then it can capture the ambient sound and the sound received by the tuner, the tuning can be varied from time to time and in each change it is compared with the ambient sound. If there is a match then the data is sent to the central computer.
Otro ejemplo sería este: se mantiene en un lugar un conjunto de tuners de FM, AM o televisión los cuales están grabando continuamente el sonido de múltiples emisoras de interés. Estos datos son enviados al computador central. Además muchos sujetos de prueba están enviando el sonido recolectado con micrófonos al computador central. Algún programa de comparación compara cada sonido de cada sujeto de pruebas con cada sonido de cada medio electrónico grabado. Las horas de comparación deben ser las mismas, para prevenir errores de sincronía se puede comparar desde un minuto antes hasta un minuto después de la hora establecida. Si existe alguna coincidencia significa que el sujeto de prueba está expuesto al sonido de esa emisora en particular Existe un modelo estadístico que tome el conjunto de datos obtenidos y genere la información de niveles de audiencia por sexo, ingresos, edades, escolaridad, y otros parámetros de utilidad. Estos modelos son los ya existentes o bien se pueden hacer modelos especiales para que funcionen en localidades particulares. Los datos generados por el modelo estadístico se entregarán al cliente por medio de un sitio web o mediante el envío de correos electrónicos.
Another example would be this: a set of tuners of FM, AM or television are kept in one place which are continuously recording the sound of multiple stations of interest. This data is sent to the central computer. In addition, many test subjects are sending the collected sound with microphones to the central computer. Some comparison program compares each sound of each test subject with each sound of each recorded electronic medium. The comparison hours must be the same, to prevent synchronization errors can be compared from one minute before to one minute after the set time. If there is any coincidence it means that the test subject is exposed to the sound of that particular station. There is a statistical model that takes the set of data obtained and generates the information of audience levels by sex, income, ages, schooling, and other parameters. useful. These models are already existing or you can make special models to work in particular locations. The data generated by the statistical model will be delivered to the customer through a website or by sending emails.
Claims
1. Un método para medir estadísticamente la audiencia de medios electrónicos, donde: 1. A method to statistically measure the audience of electronic media, where:
a. Se recolecta el sonido por dispositivos móviles, portátiles, electrónicos, en la nube o fijos. to. Sound is collected by mobile, portable, electronic, cloud or fixed devices.
b. El sonido se utiliza para obtener el espectro de frecuencia que se comprime y transmite a un centro de proceso formado por múltiples computadoras, c. Se recolecta el espectro de frecuencia del sonido emitido por múltiples emisoras de radio y televisión, b. Sound is used to obtain the frequency spectrum that is compressed and transmitted to a process center consisting of multiple computers, c. The frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by multiple radio and television stations is collected,
d. Ambos espectros se comparan para determinar la similitud entre el sonido escuchado por las personas y el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos e. Cuando hay una coincidencia se genera un reporte, d. Both spectra are compared to determine the similarity between the sound heard by people and the sound emitted by electronic means e. When there is a match, a report is generated,
f. El conjunto de coincidencias se utiliza para calcular la audiencia de cada medio electrónico. F. The set of matches is used to calculate the audience of each electronic medium.
2. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , donde los medios electrónicos en los cuales se mide la audiencia comprenden: la radio analógica y digital AM y FM, radio satelital, televisión aérea, televisión por cable, televisión satelital, televisión terrestre, señales transmitidas por Internet, teléfono, transmisiones de radiofrecuencia inalámbricas, transmisiones a través de conductores eléctricos, transmisiones por luz con y sin fibra óptica, transmisiones por medios materiales usando vibraciones acústicas, señales grabadas en medios mecánicos, magnéticos, electrostáticos, semiconductores, químicos, biológicos y gráficos impresos. 2. A method of claim 1, wherein the electronic means in which the audience is measured comprises: AM and FM analog and digital radio, satellite radio, aerial television, cable television, satellite television, terrestrial television, signals transmitted by Internet, telephone, wireless radio frequency transmissions, transmissions through electrical conductors, light transmissions with and without fiber optics, transmissions by material means using acoustic vibrations, signals recorded in mechanical, magnetic, electrostatic, semiconductor, chemical, biological and graphic media printed.
3. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que comprende los siguientes pasos: a. Procesamiento de la señal captada en dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística que comprende los siguientes pasos: a.1. Comprimir el sonido capturado mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de comprensión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation, utilizando un micrófono de un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario ubicado a una corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de una muestra estadística, 3. A method of claim 1, comprising the following steps: a. Processing of the signal captured in devices at a short distance from the person who is part of the statistical sample comprising the following steps: a.1. Compress the captured sound using one of the following comprehension algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman encoding, Psychoacoustic method with loss, Vorbis algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation, using a device microphone portable or stationary electronic located a short distance from the person who is part of a statistical sample,
a.2 Separar cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra de uno a 300 segundos. a.3. Repetir la separación de sonidos de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos, dejando un registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura.
a.4. Comprimir el sonido capturado y separado/mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b. Procesamiento de la señal emitida por medios electrónicos que comprende los siguientes pasos: a.2 Separate each of the sounds from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes of One to 300 seconds. a.3. Repeat the separation of sounds in succession to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture. a.4. Compress the captured and separated sound / by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b. Processing of the signal emitted by electronic means comprising the following steps:
b.1. Digitalizar el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos. b.1. Digitize the sound emitted by electronic media.
b.2. Separar cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra, de uno a 300 segundos, siempre utilizando los mismos parámetros de separación de sonidos utilizados para los dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística. b.2. Separate each of the sounds from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, from one to 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
b.3 Repetir la separación de sonidos en rangos de frecuencia de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos con registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. b.3 Repeat the separation of sounds in frequency ranges successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds with record of the exact time of the start of capture.
b.4. Comprimir el sonido capturado y separado, mediante una lista algoritmos que se seleccionan de los siguientes mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b.4. Compress the captured and separated sound, using a list of algorithms that are selected from the following by any of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation.
4. Transmitir uno o ambos sonidos capturados con o sin separación en varias frecuencias a un computador remoto donde serán comparados. 4. Transmit one or both sounds captured with or without separation at various frequencies to a remote computer where they will be compared.
5. Comparar los espectros de frecuencia del sonido emitido por cada medio electrónico en un momento y el sonido recibido por cada persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística en el mismo momento de captura, haciendo comparaciones continuas y sucesivas. 5. Compare the frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person who is part of the statistical sample at the same time of capture, making continuous and successive comparisons.
6. Si la comparación es positiva, se procede a insertar el momento de captura de esa comparación positiva, el código de medio electrónico y el código del sujeto de prueba en un sistema de bases de datos. 6. If the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system.
7. Calcular una proyección estadística de la audiencia usando las comparaciones positivas. 7. Calculate a statistical projection of the audience using positive comparisons.
8. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , en donde se utiliza una conexión alámbrica o inalámbrica con el dispositivo que está reproduciendo el sonido escuchado por la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística para realizar la captura del mismo. A method of claim 1, wherein a wired or wireless connection is used with the device that is reproducing the sound heard by the person who is part of the statistical sample to capture it.
9. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , en donde el sonido del medio electrónico y el sonido reproducido por la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística se puede recibir por medio de un micrófono, un acelerómetro o directamente de otro equipo por medio de una
conexión alámbrica o inalámbrica y se puede digitalizar con equipos localizados en las instalaciones de las emisoras o en lugares remotos. A method of claim 1, wherein the sound of the electronic medium and the sound reproduced by the person who is part of the statistical sample can be received by means of a microphone, an accelerometer or directly from other equipment by means of a wired or wireless connection and can be digitized with equipment located in the facilities of the stations or in remote locations.
10. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que captura, digitaliza y procesa el sonido emitido por medios electrónicos tales como computadoras, teléfonos celulares, tabletas, equipos de reproducción de sonido, equipos de reproducción de video, equipos de grabación de sonido, equipos de grabación de video, equipos con microprocesadores, equipos con microcontroladores, equipos de videojuegos, agendas electrónicas, microprocesadores, microcontroladores, procesadores digitales de señales. 10. A method of claim 1, which captures, digitizes and processes the sound emitted by electronic means such as computers, cell phones, tablets, sound reproduction equipment, video reproduction equipment, sound recording equipment, audio equipment video recording, microprocessor equipment, microcontroller equipment, video game equipment, electronic agendas, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors.
11. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que captura, digitaliza y procesa el sonido que escucha la persona que es parte de la muestra estadística, por medio de computadoras, teléfonos celulares, tabletas, equipos de reproducción de sonido, equipos de reproducción de video, equipos de grabación de sonido, equipos de grabación de video, equipos con microprocesadores, equipos con microcontroladores, equipos de videojuegos, agendas electrónicas, microprocesadores, microcontroladores, procesadores digitales de señales, dispositivos de lógica programable u otro dispositivo donde se digitalicen los sonidos emitidos por esos medios. 11. A method of claim 1, which captures, digitizes and processes the sound heard by the person who is part of the statistical sample, by means of computers, cell phones, tablets, sound reproduction equipment, video reproduction equipment , sound recording equipment, video recording equipment, equipment with microprocessors, equipment with microcontrollers, video game equipment, electronic agendas, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices or other device where the sounds emitted are digitized by those means.
12. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , en el que la comparación se realiza en el mismo dispositivo que recolecta el sonido escuchado por la persona, en el mismo dispositivo que recolecta el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos, o en equipos de cómputo remotos. . 12. A method of claim 1, wherein the comparison is performed on the same device that collects the sound heard by the person, on the same device that collects the sound emitted by electronic means, or on remote computer equipment. .
13. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , en el que la captura del sonido escuchado por la persona y la captura del sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos se realiza en el mismo equipo. 13. A method of claim 1, wherein the capture of the sound heard by the person and the capture of the sound emitted by electronic means is performed on the same equipment.
14. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que alterna a lo largo del tiempo y en periodos fijos o variables la digitalización del sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos, y alterna la digitalización y proceso del sonido recibido por las personas que forman parte de la muestra estadística, con el uso normal del equipo utilizado para la digitalización. 14. A method of claim 1, which alternates over time and in fixed or variable periods the digitization of the sound emitted by the electronic means, and alternates the digitization and processing of the sound received by the people who are part of the sample statistics, with the normal use of the equipment used for digitization.
15. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que utiliza sistemas de comunicación alámbrica, inalámbrico, fibra óptica, Internet, medios magnéticos, medios mecánicos, medios químicos, medios biológicos, medios electrostáticos, medios que usan semiconductores y gráficos impresos para transmitir la información recolectada. 15. A method of claim 1, which uses wired, wireless, fiber optic, Internet, magnetic media, mechanical media, chemical media, biological media, electrostatic media, semiconductor media and printed graphics systems to transmit the collected information. .
16. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , donde los sonidos capturados tanto de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística como el transmitido por el medio electrónico son transmitidos a un nodo intermedio y retransmitidos a diversos nodos hasta llegar al computador remoto donde serán comparados.
16. A method of claim 1, wherein the sounds captured from both the person who is part of the statistical sample and that transmitted by the electronic medium are transmitted to an intermediate node and retransmitted to various nodes until they reach the remote computer where they will be compared .
17. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , donde existen múltiples sujetos de prueba expuestos al mismo sonido. 17. A method of claim 1, wherein there are multiple test subjects exposed to the same sound.
18. Una plataforma tecnológica para medición de espectros de frecuencias de sonido emitidas por medios electrónicos y de comunicación, donde: o Se digitaliza el sonido captado por un micrófono ubicado en un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario de corto alcance, se procesa este sonido separándolo en varias frecuencias y transmitiéndolo a un sistema de cómputo. 18. A technological platform for measurement of spectra of sound frequencies emitted by electronic and communication means, where: o The sound captured by a microphone located in a portable or stationary electronic device of short range is digitized, this sound is processed by separating it into several frequencies and transmitting it to a computer system.
o Se digitaliza el sonido de los medios electrónicos, se procesa este sonido separándolo en varias frecuencias y transmitiéndolo a un sistema de cómputo. o The sound of the electronic media is digitized, this sound is processed by separating it into several frequencies and transmitting it to a computer system.
o Se comparan ambos datos captados en un mismo momento para determinar las coincidencias de sonido y determinar la hora, medios y persona donde coincide la medición. o Both data captured at the same time are compared to determine the sound matches and determine the time, means and person where the measurement coincides.
o Se generan proyecciones estadísticas de las mediciones que se envían por medios electrónicos a una base de datos. o Statistical projections of the measurements that are sent electronically to a database are generated.
19. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde los medios electrónicos y de comunicación de donde se mide la audiencia comprenden: la radio digital y analógica AM y FM, radio satelital, televisión aérea, televisión por cable, televisión terrestre, televisión satelital, señales transmitidas por Internet, 19. A platform of claim 14, wherein the electronic and communication media from which the audience is measured comprises: AM and FM digital and analog radio, satellite radio, air television, cable television, terrestrial television, satellite television, signals transmitted over the Internet,
20. teléfono, transmisiones de radiofrecuencia inalámbricas, transmisiones a través de conductores eléctricos, transmisiones por luz con y sin fibra óptica, transmisiones por medios materiales usando vibraciones acústicas, así como señales grabadas en medios mecánicos, magnéticos, electrostáticos, semiconductores, químicos, biológicos y gráficos impresos. 20. telephone, wireless radio frequency transmissions, transmissions through electrical conductors, light transmissions with and without fiber optics, transmissions by material means using acoustic vibrations, as well as signals recorded in mechanical, magnetic, electrostatic, semiconductor, chemical, biological media and printed graphics.
21. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde se separan los sonidos de 2 a mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia, de manera sucesiva, usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias y obtener espectros por períodos ajustables de 1 a 1000 milisegundos, dejando registros exactos de las horas de inicio de captura. 21. A platform of claim 14, wherein the sounds are separated from 2 to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges, successively, using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or Fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies and obtain spectra for adjustable periods of 1 to 1000 milliseconds, leaving exact records of the capture start times.
22. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde se transmiten sonidos capturados con o sin separación en diversas frecuencias a un computador remoto para efectos de comparación. 22. A platform of claim 14, wherein sounds captured with or without separation at various frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer for comparison purposes.
23. Una plataforma de la reivindicación14, donde los datos de momento, código electrónico y código del sujeto de prueba de las comparaciones positivas se guardan en sistemas de bases de datos.
23. A platform of claim 14, wherein the moment data, electronic code and code of the test subject of the positive comparisons are stored in database systems.
24. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde se realiza una proyección estadística de la medición de audiencia de medios electrónicos. 24. A platform of claim 14, wherein a statistical projection of the audience measurement of electronic media is performed.
25. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, por medio de la cual se generan reportes automatizados que sean enviados por los medios tecnológicos. 25. A platform of claim 14, by means of which automated reports are generated that are sent by the technological means.
26. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde se puede recibir sonido por medio de micrófono o acelerómetro de conexión alámbrica o inalámbrica. 26. A platform of claim 14, wherein sound can be received by means of a wired or wireless connection microphone or accelerometer.
27. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde el sonido emitido se puede digitalizar con equipos localizados en las instalaciones en donde se emitan los sonidos o en lugares remotos. 27. A platform of claim 14, wherein the emitted sound can be digitized with equipment located in the facilities where the sounds are emitted or in remote locations.
28. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde se alterna la digitalización y proceso del sonido recibido por las personas con el uso normal del equipo utilizado para la digitalización. 28. A platform of claim 14, wherein the digitization and processing of the sound received by people is alternated with the normal use of the equipment used for digitization.
29. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, donde la captura y escucha de sonidos emitidos por los medios electrónicos se realiza en el mismo equipo cada cierto tiempo, seleccionando momentos de sintonía de diversos medios electrónicos en las franjas horarias que se programen en el sistema. 29. A platform of claim 14, wherein the capture and listening of sounds emitted by electronic means is performed on the same equipment from time to time, selecting tuning moments of various electronic means in the time slots programmed in the system.
30. Una plataforma de la reivindicación 14, en el que los sonidos capturados tanto del sujeto de prueba como el transmitido por el medio electrónico son transmitidos a un punto intermedio y retransmitidos a diversos nodos hasta llegar al computador remoto donde serán comparados. 30. A platform of claim 14, wherein the sounds captured from both the test subject and that transmitted by the electronic medium are transmitted to an intermediate point and retransmitted to various nodes until they reach the remote computer where they will be compared.
31. Un proceso de medición de audiencias por medios electrónicos que comprende los siguientes pasos: a. Se procesa una señal captada en dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística por medio de los siguientes pasos: a.1. Utilizando un micrófono o acelerómetro de un dispositivo electrónico portátil o estacionario ubicado a una corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de una muestra estadística, se capta y se comprime el sonido mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. a.2 Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas
de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra de uno a 300 segundos. a.3. Se repite la separación de sonidos de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos, dejando un registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. a.4. Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b. Se realiza el procesamiento de la señal emitida por medios electrónicos mediante los siguientes pasos: b.1. Se digitaliza el sonido emitido por los medios electrónicos. 31. A process of measuring audiences by electronic means comprising the following steps: a. A signal captured on devices within a short distance of the person who is part of the statistical sample is processed by means of the following steps: a.1. Using a microphone or accelerometer of a portable or stationary electronic device located a short distance from the person who is part of a statistical sample, the sound is captured and compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel- Ziv-Renau, Huffman coding, Psychoacoustic method with loss, Vorbis algorithm, MP3 algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. a.2 Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast transforms Fourier to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes from one to 300 seconds. a.3. The separation of sounds is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds, leaving a record of the exact time of the start of capture. a.4. The captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b. The processing of the signal emitted by electronic means is carried out by the following steps: b.1. Sound emitted by electronic media is digitized.
b.2. Se separa cada uno de los sonidos de dos hasta mil veinticuatro rangos de frecuencia usando filtros digitales, filtros analógicos, transformadas de Fourier o transformadas rápidas de Fourier para obtener una representación del espectro de potencia de las frecuencias, utilizando tamaños variables de muestra, de uno a 300 segundos, siempre utilizando los mismos parámetros de separación de sonidos utilizados para los dispositivos a corta distancia de la persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística. b.2. Each of the sounds is separated from two to one thousand twenty-four frequency ranges using digital filters, analog filters, Fourier transforms or fast Fourier transforms to obtain a representation of the power spectrum of the frequencies, using variable sample sizes, of one at 300 seconds, always using the same sound separation parameters used for short distance devices of the person who is part of the statistical sample.
b.3 Se repite la separación de sonidos en rangos de frecuencia de manera sucesiva para obtener el espectro cada cierto periodo, ajustable desde uno a mil milisegundos con registro de la hora exacta del inicio de captura. b.3 The separation of sounds in frequency ranges is repeated successively to obtain the spectrum every certain period, adjustable from one to one thousand milliseconds with record of the exact time of the start of capture.
b.4. Se comprime el sonido capturado y separado, mediante alguno de los siguientes algoritmos de compresión: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Codificación Huffman, Método sicoacustico con pérdida, Algoritmo Vorbis, Algoritmo MP3, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation. b.4. The captured and separated sound is compressed using one of the following compression algorithms: Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Renau, Huffman Coding, Psychoacoustic Method with Loss, Vorbis Algorithm, MP3 Algorithm, Adaptive Differential pulse-code modulation.
c. Se transmiten uno o ambos sonidos capturados con o sin separación en varias frecuencias a un computador remoto donde serán comparados. d. Se comparan los espectros de frecuencia del sonido emitido por cada medio electrónico en un momento y el sonido recibido por cada persona que forma parte de la muestra estadística en el mismo momento de captura, haciendo comparaciones continuas y sucesivas. e. Si la comparación es positiva, se procede a insertar el momento de captura de esa comparación positiva, el código de medio electrónico y el código del sujeto de prueba en un sistema de bases de datos.
f. Se calcula una proyección estadística de la audiencia usando las comparaciones positivas. C. One or both sounds captured with or without separation at various frequencies are transmitted to a remote computer where they will be compared. d. The frequency spectra of the sound emitted by each electronic medium at a time and the sound received by each person that is part of the statistical sample at the same moment of capture are compared, making continuous and successive comparisons. and. If the comparison is positive, the moment of capture of that positive comparison, the electronic media code and the code of the test subject are inserted into a database system. F. A statistical projection of the audience is calculated using positive comparisons.
32. Un método de la reivindicación 1 , que puede ser desarrollado en un App para teléfonos inteligentes, tabletas, y cualquier otro dispositivo móvil. 32. A method of claim 1, which can be developed in an App for smartphones, tablets, and any other mobile device.
33. Un dispositivo móvil inteligente con una plataforma de la reivindicación 18 que utiliza el método de la reivindicación 1.
33. An intelligent mobile device with a platform of claim 18 using the method of claim 1.
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