WO2016085367A2 - Dispositif compact pour générer des photons isolés - Google Patents

Dispositif compact pour générer des photons isolés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016085367A2
WO2016085367A2 PCT/RU2015/000800 RU2015000800W WO2016085367A2 WO 2016085367 A2 WO2016085367 A2 WO 2016085367A2 RU 2015000800 W RU2015000800 W RU 2015000800W WO 2016085367 A2 WO2016085367 A2 WO 2016085367A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metamaterial
layer
waveguide
photons
diamond
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PCT/RU2015/000800
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
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WO2016085367A3 (fr
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Вадим Владиславович ВОРОБЬЕВ
Владимир Владимирович СОШЕНКО
Алексей Владимирович АКИМОВ
Андрей Николаевич СМОЛЯНИНОВ
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Общество с Ограниченной Ответственностью "Фотонные Нано-Мета Технологии"
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Publication of WO2016085367A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016085367A2/fr
Publication of WO2016085367A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016085367A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
    • H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to single photon generators.
  • Single photons are fundamental elements of quantum information technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum information storage, and optical or quantum computing.
  • the key areas of development of the computer industry today are a significant increase in the operating frequency of the processor and the practical implementation of high-performance parallel computing mechanisms. Progress in this area can be achieved through the use of optical technologies and quantum computing algorithms.
  • the practical implementation of these approaches requires stable and efficient sources of single photons and nanostructures to control the quantum dynamics of photons.
  • NV centers in the diamond lattice are the most preferred sources of single photons due to the high stability of diamond itself and the ability to generate NV centers at normal temperatures, but they have their drawbacks. Namely, the radiation intensity of the NV centers is rather small, and this complicates their use as single-photon radiation sources, which are necessary for future computers.
  • One solution to this problem is to use a hyperbolic metamaterial in the optical range.
  • the manufacturing technology of a single photon source is based on the use of standard technological processes and materials used in the manufacture of microelectronic "chips".
  • Hyperbolic metamaterial is a nanostructured system consisting of alternating metal and dielectric layers several nanometers thick. The number of such pairs of layers can vary from units to several tens.
  • a characteristic feature of the GMM is the high density of photon states described by the hyperbolic dispersion law. HMM makes it possible to accelerate the processes of both absorption of radiation by nanodiamonds and the emission of single photons by them.
  • a plasmon resonator is an electromagnetic or optical resonator that uses the properties of collective oscillations of electrons (plasmons) to create a local amplification of the electromagnetic field.
  • the architecture of solid lenses is a design of the type “emitter - solid”, while the solid is the lens for the generated radiation.
  • the architecture of nanowires is an architecture in which a nanowire from a material most often possessing plasmonic properties is brought into contact with a quantum emitter. In this interaction, the emissivity of the emitter is enhanced.
  • Plasmonic material is a material in which the collective behavior of electrons is observed. These collective vibrations under the influence of an external optical field can be substantially resonant, and can strongly affect the optical properties of the material.
  • Examples of plasmonic materials are silver, gold, titanium nitride, platinum, aluminum.
  • Meta-surface - in the present description we understand a special case of metamaterial in which a small number of layers (up to 1) are used.
  • Sources of single photons using quantum emitters require certain mechanisms for pairing a particle with an optical particle pumping system and an optical system for collecting single photons.
  • optical systems can act as lenses, lenses, optical waveguides.
  • a quantum radiator, matched with an optical waveguide, represents the most practical implementation of a single-photon source for connecting to external devices used for data transmission or quantum computing.
  • the device described in patent US 20110174995 A1 involves the use of a single photon source as a quantum emitter (including an NV center) located at the end of the optical fiber.
  • the emitter is pumped in this invention using an external lens.
  • the invention is primarily aimed at the localization of a quantum emitter and the collection of single photons.
  • a single photon source is considered, consisting of a quantum emitter in a resonator designed at the outputs of two optical waveguides, one of which is used for pumping, the second for outputting radiation of single photons.
  • US patent application US20090034737 A1 describes a single photon source at a center of color in a diamond using a wavelength converter to create a narrow-band single photon generator.
  • US Patent Application US20130056704 A1 which is selected as a prototype published March 7, 2013, discusses a device for creating a photon flux using metamaterial to increase the yield of single photons from a quantum emitter.
  • a quantum emitter is located on the surface of a metamaterial substrate.
  • the disadvantage of this device is the relatively large size of the generator of single photons.
  • the technical task is to create a portable device for generating the number of single photons.
  • the technical result consists in reducing the dimensions, as well as in the generation of a large number of single photons.
  • a device for generating single photons, including a waveguide, a diamond structure with at least one color center, which is pumped by external radiation or electric pumping, characterized in that a portion is applied on the outer surface of the waveguide a layer of metamaterial having hyperbolic dispersion, and a diamond structure is located above the layer of metamaterial.
  • the device can be made in such a way that the diamond structure is a diamond film or diamond nanoparticles with sizes up to 200 nm, and the waveguide is an optical fiber filament. Moreover, the optical fiber thread may have a constriction at the place of application of the metamaterial less than 2 microns.
  • the metamaterial may be at least 1 metal layer and 1 dielectric layer or at least 1 metal layer.
  • the color center in the nanodiamond crystal can be created due to an admixture of nitrogen or silicon, and the distance between the color center and the surface of the metamaterial should be less than 1000 nm.
  • the metamaterial can be made of titanium nitride and scandium aluminum nitride.
  • the output radiation of photons is in a wide spectral range of 600-800 nm.
  • the device can be used in quantum computers and should operate at temperatures no higher than 450 ° C.
  • the metamaterial may have optical anisotropy and contain layers of plasmon and dielectric materials, and at least one of the layers is thinner than 100 nm.
  • the layer of plasmonic material contains at least one layer of silver, or a layer of conductive transparent oxide, for example, aluminum oxide - sapphire, or transition metal nitride.
  • the plasmonic material may be made of scandium aluminum nitride and titanium nitride, and the dielectric material layer may be an alumina film.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device. The following notation is used:
  • the pump radiation can be carried out as a lens, by focusing with a lens, another fiber, or through the same fiber, it is also possible to use nanoantennas (metamaterials) to focus the pump radiation near a quantum emitter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the circuit with an emitter on the side surface, with 1 being a pump radiation, 2 a quantum emitter, 5 a signal of single photons, 4 metamaterial, 3 an optical fiber filament.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows a variant of the basic scheme with an elongated fiber without breaking, with a constriction.
  • the following notation is introduced: 1 — pump radiation, 3 — optical fiber filament, 4 — metamaterial, 6 — excitation region, 5 — single photon signal, 2 — quantum emitter, 7 — fiber rotation angle, alpha., This angle affects the optimal operation devices, in particular at small angles, the pumping radiation will pass more through the constriction and create spurious illumination. In the case of a large angle, it will not pass.
  • the device includes a waveguide (item 3 - for example, an elongated fiber), a diamond structure with at least one color center (item 2 - a quantum emitter), metamaterial (item 4), which has a hyperbolic dispersion and is deposited on plot of the outer surface of the waveguide (Fig. 1, -3).
  • a diamond structure with a color center is located above the metamaterial and can be pumped by external radiation (pos. 1) or by electric pumping (i.e., an external voltage is applied to the p-i-n semiconductor contact made of diamond).
  • a stream of single photons appears (item 5 - signal of single photons).
  • the location of the diamond structure above the metamaterial layer is used to increase the number of single photons.
  • the deposition of a layer of metamaterial on the outer surface of the waveguide is used to focus the radiation in the fashion of a photon waveguide.
  • a waveguide in the form of an optical fiber or nanofibre fiber coated with a metamaterial or metasurface provides a more efficient input of radiation into the waveguide mode due to the effective capture of radiation by the metamaterial and further transition of the plasmon mode into the waveguide mode. This solves such a problem as low collecting ability for such methods of collecting radiation as collecting cure using a lens, collecting radiation with an optical fiber when a quantum emitter is located at the end of the waveguide.
  • the color center (aka quantum emitter) in a nanodiamond crystal can be created due to an admixture of nitrogen or silicon and the distance between the color center and the surface of the metamaterial should be less than 1000 nm.
  • the device can be made in such a way that the diamond structure is a diamond film or diamond nanoparticles with sizes up to 200 nm, and the waveguide is an optical fiber filament. Moreover, the fiber of the optical fiber can have a constriction of less than 2 ⁇ m at the place of application of the metamaterial (Fig. 1-3), which determines the amount of radiation energy of a quantum emitter that will fall into the waveguide, i.e. the fraction of photons entering the waveguide to the total number of photons emitted by the quantum radiator.
  • the metamaterial may be at least 1 metal layer and 1 dielectric layer or at least 1 metal layer.
  • the output radiation of photons is in a wide spectral range of 600-800 nm.
  • a wide range of radiation is due to the dielectric properties of the materials that make up the metamaterial.
  • a metamaterial consisting of titanium nitride and scandium aluminum nitride is used. Creating a gain band more is difficult. Need to look for new materials.
  • the device can operate in a wide temperature range.
  • the upper limit is determined by the temperature of the destruction of diamond and is 450 ° C.
  • the lower limit can be taken equal to the temperature of absolute zero, i.e. - 273 ° C.
  • the metamaterial can have optical anisotropy and contain layers of plasmon and dielectric materials, and at least one of the layers is thinner than 100 nm.
  • the layer of plasmonic material contains at least one layer of silver, or a layer of conductive transparent oxide, for example, aluminum oxide - sapphire, or transition metal nitride. Due to this, a layered structure is obtained hyperbolic dispersion of the metamaterial. Examples were experimentally implemented with scandium aluminum nitride and titanium nitride (link to article http: //onlinelibrarv.wilev.eom/doi/10.1002/lpor.201400185/full). Plasmon material can be made of aluminum nitride scandium and titanium nitride, and the layer of dielectric material may be a film of aluminum oxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Le modèle d'utilité concerne des générateurs de photons isolés. L'invention consiste en un dispositif pour générer des photons isolés qui comprend un guide d'ondes, une structure en diamant avec au moins un centre de coloration qui est pompé par un rayonnement extérieur ou par pompage électrique, et le dispositif se distingue en ce que on a déposé dans un segment de la surface extérieure du guide d'ondes une couche de métamatériau ayant une dispersion hyperbolique, et la structure en diamant est disposée au-dessus de la couche de métamatériau. Le résultat technique consiste en la création d'un dispositif portatif pour générer de grandes quantités de photons isolés.
PCT/RU2015/000800 2014-11-28 2015-11-18 Dispositif compact pour générer des photons isolés WO2016085367A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2014148079 2014-11-28
RU2014148079 2015-02-10

Publications (2)

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WO2016085367A2 true WO2016085367A2 (fr) 2016-06-02
WO2016085367A3 WO2016085367A3 (fr) 2016-07-07

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2490895B (en) * 2011-05-16 2013-07-31 Univ Southampton Nonlinear materials and related devices
US20130056704A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Nano-Meta Technologies Inc. Single-photon generator and method of enhancement of broadband single-photon emission
WO2014099110A2 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-06-26 Purdue Research Foundation Métamatériau à base de nitrure de titane
US9274276B2 (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-03-01 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Light confining devices using all-dielectric metamaterial cladding

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