WO2016070709A1 - 一种信道接入方法及设备 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a channel access method and device.
- the LTE system is an unlicensed LTE (Unlicensed LTE, U-LTE or LTE-U) system to improve user experience and extended coverage.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- the unlicensed spectrum does not have a specific application system, and can be shared by various wireless communication systems such as Bluetooth, WiFi, etc., and the shared unlicensed spectrum resources are used by multiple systems by preempting resources. Therefore, the coexistence of LTE-U deployed by different operators and wireless communication systems such as LTE-U and WiFi is a key point and difficulty in research.
- the 3GPP requires that the wireless coexistence of LTE-U and wireless communication systems such as WiFi be guaranteed.
- the unlicensed frequency band is used as a secondary carrier to be assisted by the primary carrier of the licensed frequency band.
- LBT listen Before Talk
- CSMA/CA Carrier Sense/Collision Avoidance
- the way in which the WiFi system preempts resources on the unlicensed spectrum includes: First, the channel is monitored, when the channel idle time reaches DIFS (DCF Inter -Frame Space, DCF frame spacing; DCF, distributed channel access, distributed channel access, it is judged that the current channel is an idle channel, and then each station waiting for access to the channel enters a random back-off phase for avoiding Multiple sites collide on the same resource. In addition, in order to ensure fairness, it is also stipulated that each site cannot occupy spectrum resources for a long time. When a certain time or data transmission limit is reached, resources need to be released for other WiFi or LTE systems to seize resources.
- DIFS DIFS
- DCF distributed channel access
- LBT technology in the unlicensed 5150-5350MHz and 5470-5725MHz bands.
- the LBT process is similar to the WiFi CSMA/CA mechanism, before each device utilizes the channel.
- CCA Carrier Channel Assessment
- the CCA uses energy detection to determine if the current channel has a signal transmission to determine if the channel is occupied.
- ETSI standard The devices in the unlicensed frequency band are classified into frame-based and load-based devices, which respectively correspond to two types of access mechanisms: FBE (Frame Based Equipment) access mechanism and Based on the LBE (Load Based Equipment) access mechanism.
- the FBE access mechanism performs CCA detection at a fixed frame structure position. As long as the channel has a CCA period (not less than 20 us), it immediately accesses the channel when it is judged to be empty, and initiates a data transmission process.
- the channel transmission time occupation time is relatively fixed, and the minimum time is 1 ms. For a maximum of 10ms, the idle period should be at least 5% of the channel occupancy time.
- the device performs a new CCA detection to access the channel again.
- the channel occupation time plus the idle period is a fixed value called a frame period.
- the LBE channel access mechanism, the time and start point of the channel for each transmission are variable, and the extended CCA detection is performed before the channel is acquired, and a random factor N is generated until the channel idle time reaches N times of the CCA time. And the channel is idle, only accesses the channel, initiates a data transmission process, and the maximum channel occupation time is 13 ms.
- the FBE channel access mechanism is applicable to a wireless access system with a fixed frame structure.
- an LTE system with an unlicensed frequency band when only one operator coexists with WiFi, the operation using the FBE mode is very simple and attractive.
- the FBE method can only perform CCA detection in the idle period, the impact of the LTE node joining an FBE access mechanism on WiFi is definitely less than that of joining a WiFi node. Therefore, if the FBE access mechanism + carrier selection is adopted, especially different operators occupy different channels through carrier selection, which is a better choice for LTE-U.
- there are many different broadband wireless access networks in the unlicensed band When the competition is fierce, different operators inevitably share the same spectrum resources.
- the carrier adopts a maximum transmission period of 3 subframes, an idle period of 1 subframe, and a fixed frame period of 4 subframes.
- the following downlink Down Link only
- the CCA detection of each idle period is judged as idle, so it is sent at the same time, causing the transmissions of the two operators to collide when there is a common service, as shown in Figure 1, and the two operators require the shared spectrum.
- the scenario is often a scene with a busy business, which is obviously unacceptable.
- the second carrier starts transmitting as shown in Figure 2. If the second carrier has been in service, the first carrier cannot obtain the transmission opportunity.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a channel access method and device, which can be used to implement channel period, so that multiple operators can share channel resources when adopting the FBE access mechanism.
- the channel access is performed according to the initial frame period
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met
- the base station When the base station needs to access the channel, the base station performs channel access according to the latest adjusted frame period.
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period by semi-statically, that is, when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, the base station adjusts the size of the frame period, and when the base station needs to access the channel, performs channel connection according to the latest adjusted frame period. Incoming, so that multiple operators can use the FBE access mechanism to share channel resources.
- the initial frame period is randomly generated by the base station, or is stored by the base station according to a previous transmission situation, or is pre-agreed by the base station.
- all base stations under the same carrier use the same frame period at the same time.
- the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, specifically:
- the adjustment period of the frame period arrives;
- the base station determines that the frame period needs to be adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station.
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period, including:
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station
- the base station randomly generates the latest frame period according to a preset rule
- the base station receives a frame period that is sent by the operator to the center node, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period;
- the base station determines the same frame period by negotiation interaction between the base stations, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period.
- all the base stations under the same carrier adopt the same adjustment condition of the frame period, and the used idle channel evaluation CCA time is the same.
- An initial access unit configured to perform channel access according to an initial frame period when the base station initially accesses the channel
- a frame period adjustment unit configured to adjust a frame period when a frame period adjustment condition is met
- the subsequent access unit is configured to perform channel access according to the latest adjusted frame period when the base station needs to access the channel.
- the size of the frame period is semi-statically adjusted, that is, when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, the frame period is adjusted.
- the base station needs to access the channel, the channel is accessed according to the latest adjusted frame period, so that the channel is accessed.
- channel resources can be shared.
- the initial frame period is randomly generated by the base station, or is stored by the base station according to a previous transmission situation, or is pre-agreed by the base station.
- all base stations under the same carrier use the same frame period at the same time.
- the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, specifically:
- the adjustment period of the frame period arrives;
- the base station determines that the frame period needs to be adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station.
- the frame period adjustment unit adjusts the size of the frame period, specifically:
- the same frame period is determined by negotiation interaction between the base stations, and the frame period is updated to the latest frame period.
- all the base stations under the same carrier adopt the same adjustment condition of the frame period, and the used idle channel evaluation CCA time is the same.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of LBE channel access when a fixed frame period is 4 subframes in a background art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of LBE channel access when a fixed frame period is 4 subframes and two operators are not synchronized;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a channel access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of LBE channel access when different operators adopt different frame periods according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a channel access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another channel access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a channel access method and device, which are used to implement channel resource sharing of multiple wireless systems by using a FBE channel access mechanism, and avoid resource occupation conflicts.
- the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to channel access in an unlicensed band, and can also be applied to channel access in other frequency bands.
- a channel access method provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period.
- the base station semi-statically adjusts the size of the frame period under the FBE mechanism.
- the initial frame period is randomly generated by the base station, or is stored by the base station according to the previous transmission situation, or is pre-agreed by the base station.
- all base stations under the same carrier use the same frame period at the same time (may be different, of course), that is, the initial frame period, the adjustment period of the frame period, the adjustment method, and the step size of the adjustment.
- the frame periods used at the same time can be ensured to be the same, thereby realizing the synchronous operation of multiple base stations within the same operator and avoiding competing channels.
- the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, specifically:
- the adjustment period of the frame period arrives, that is, the frame period is periodically adjusted according to a preset adjustment period
- the base station determines that the frame period needs to be adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station, that is, the event triggers the adjustment frame period.
- the base station's occupancy condition of the channel satisfies certain conditions, it is determined that the frame period needs to be adjusted.
- the adjustment period of the frame period may also be semi-static adaptively adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station.
- Adjusting the frame period includes increasing or decreasing the frame period. For example, when an operator's base station finds that the channel access opportunity is lower in the current frame period configuration, the frame period is appropriately shortened because the channel may be busy, so the channel occupation time is reduced, so that The number of times of CCA detection is increased, thereby increasing the access channel opportunity. When the channel occupancy rate is higher in the current frame period configuration, the frame period is increased, because the channel may be relatively idle, and a larger channel may be configured. Taking up time, the base station can reduce the number of CCA detections and reduce the overhead of CCA while obtaining a larger continuous transmission time. At the same time, this is beneficial for other operators' base stations to access the channel, under which multiple operators can share channels.
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period, including:
- the base station adjusts the size of the frame period according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station
- the base station randomly generates the latest frame period according to a preset rule
- the base station receives a frame period that is sent by the operator to the center node, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period;
- the base station determines the same frame period by negotiation interaction between the base stations, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period.
- all the base stations in the same carrier adopt the same frame period adjustment condition, and the idle channel used to evaluate the CCA time is the same, thereby implementing synchronous operation of multiple base stations within the same carrier to avoid mutual competition. channel.
- the frame period length is divided into several levels in advance, for example, the first level includes 6 subframes, the second level includes 5 subframes, and the third level includes 4 subframes, and the frame period used by the current base station is assumed to be the second-level frame period. If the base station accumulates C channels successfully for a period of time or a period of time, the frame period length level is increased, for example, the frame period of the first level is adjusted, that is, the adjusted frame period includes 6 subframes; if the M is accumulated continuously or for a period of time When the secondary CCA detects that the channel is busy and cannot occupy the channel, the frame period length is reduced, and the frame period is adjusted to the third-level frame period, and the adjusted frame period includes 4 subframes.
- the same frame period size adjustment interval, the same frame period size, and the same CCA time can be used, as long as the rules for each adjustment are consistent (that is, the initial frame period is the same, and the frame period is adjusted). If the conditions are the same, the magnitude and manner of the adjustment frame period are the same, and the CCA time is the same, the synchronization operation of all the base stations of one operator can be realized, so that multiple base stations within the same carrier do not need to compete with each other.
- the base station of a certain operator's base station regardless of the frame period configuration, whether the channel occupancy rate is high or low, will randomly generate an available frame within the channel transmission time range allowed by the rule.
- the period size is used as the configuration parameter in the next cycle.
- the mechanism can at least achieve sharing of channels by multiple operators.
- the frame period size of the first operator is 3 subframes in one cycle
- the frame period size of the second operator is 4 subframes
- the idle period is 1 Subframes.
- the frame period used at the same time should be the same to achieve synchronous operation of multiple base stations within the same carrier to avoid competing channels. Therefore, the time seed for generating the random occupied channel time can be set to be consistent within the cycle time by all the base stations in the same carrier in advance (that is, the base station randomly generates the latest frame period according to a preset rule), or within the same carrier.
- the central node uniformly allocates the frame period configuration to each base station (that is, the base station receives the frame period delivered by the associated carrier through the central node, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period), or negotiates between the base stations under the same carrier.
- Inter-frame period configuration that is, the base station determines the same frame period through the negotiation interaction between the base stations, and updates the frame period to the latest frame period), so that it can be determined that the same frame period size is used for channel access, and an operator can be implemented. Synchronous operation of all base stations.
- a channel access device provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:
- the initial access unit 11 is configured to perform channel access according to an initial frame period when the base station initially accesses the channel;
- the frame period adjustment unit 12 is configured to adjust the size of the frame period when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met;
- the subsequent access unit 13 is configured to perform channel access according to the latest adjusted frame period when the base station needs to access the channel.
- the size of the frame period is semi-statically adjusted, that is, when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, the frame period is adjusted.
- the base station needs to access the channel, the channel is accessed according to the latest adjusted frame period, so that the channel is accessed.
- channel resources can be shared.
- the initial frame period is randomly generated by the base station, or is stored by the base station according to the previous transmission condition, or is pre-agreed by the base station.
- all base stations under the same carrier use the same frame period at the same time.
- the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, specifically:
- the adjustment period of the frame period arrives;
- the base station determines that the frame period needs to be adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station.
- the frame period adjustment unit adjusts the size of the frame period, it is specifically used to:
- the same frame period is determined by negotiation interaction between the base stations, and the frame period is updated to the latest frame period.
- all the base stations under the same carrier adopt the same adjustment condition of the frame period, and the used idle channel evaluation CCA time is the same.
- Each of the above units may be implemented by a physical device such as a processor, and the channel access device may be a network side device such as a base station.
- another channel access device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
- the processor 500 is configured to read a program in the memory 520 and perform the following process:
- the channel access is performed according to the initial frame period
- the channel access is performed according to the latest adjusted frame period.
- the size of the frame period is semi-statically adjusted, that is, when the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, the frame period is adjusted.
- the base station needs to access the channel, the channel is accessed according to the latest adjusted frame period, so that the channel is accessed.
- channel resources can be shared.
- the initial frame period is randomly generated by the base station, or is stored by the base station according to the previous transmission condition, or is pre-agreed by the base station.
- all base stations under the same carrier use the same frame period at the same time.
- the adjustment condition of the frame period is met, specifically:
- the adjustment period of the frame period arrives;
- the base station determines that the frame period needs to be adjusted according to the occupancy of the channel by the base station.
- the processor adjusts the size of the frame period, it is specifically used to:
- the same frame period is determined by negotiation interaction between the base stations, and the frame period is updated to the latest frame period.
- all the base stations under the same carrier adopt the same adjustment condition of the frame period, and the used idle channel evaluation CCA time is the same.
- the transceiver 510 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 500.
- the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linked by one or more processors represented by processor 500 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 520.
- the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be further described herein.
- the bus interface provides an interface.
- the transceiver 510 can be a plurality of components, including a transmitter and a transceiver, provided for transmission
- the processor 500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 520 can store data used by the processor 500 when performing operations.
- the FBE-based channel access mechanism is applicable to a communication system in which a subframe is a basic transmission unit, and the standardization complexity is low, the operation is simple, and the impact on WiFi is also compared.
- LBF's channel access mechanism is small, so it is attractive for LTE systems in unlicensed bands.
- the base station may not be able to perform data transmission, or only one operator may perform data transmission and cannot share the same channel, and the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application uses a FBE access mechanism to semi-static through multiple carrier base stations. Configure the size of the frame period to share channel resources when multiple operators coexist.
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种信道接入方法及设备，用以采用FBE信道接入机制，实现多个无线系统的信道资源共享，并且避免资源占用冲突。本申请提供的一种信道接入方法，包括：基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；当满足帧周期的调整条件时，所述基站调整帧周期的大小；所述基站当需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
Description
本申请要求在2014年11月05日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410635587.3、申请名称为“一种信道接入方法及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种信道接入方法及设备。
随着移动数据业务量的不断增长，频谱资源越来越紧张，仅使用授权频谱资源进行网络部署和业务传输可能已经不能满足业务量需求，因此LTE(Long Term Evolution，长期演进)系统可以考虑在非授权频谱资源上部署传输，可以称这种LTE系统为非授权LTE(Unlicensed LTE，简称为U-LTE或者LTE-U)系统，以提高用户体验和扩展覆盖。但是，目前LTE系统如何在非授权频谱资源上工作还没有明确的方案。
非授权频谱没有规划具体的应用系统，可以为多种无线通信系统如蓝牙、WiFi等共享，多种系统间通过抢占资源的方式使用共享的非授权频谱资源。故不同运营商部署的LTE-U之间及LTE-U与WiFi等无线通信系统的共存性是研究的一个重点与难点。3GPP要求保证LTE-U与WiFi等无线通信系统的公平共存，非授权频段作为辅载波由授权频段的主载波辅助实现。LBT(listen Before Talk，通话前监听)作为LTE-U竞争接入的基本手段，得到几乎所有公司的赞同。
LBT技术的本质仍然是802.11系统采用CSMA/CA(载波监听/冲突避免)机制，WiFi系统在非授权频谱上的抢占资源方式包括：首先，对信道进行监听，当信道空闲时间达到DIFS(DCF Inter-Frame Space，DCF帧间距；DCF，distributed channel access，分布式信道接入)，便判断当前信道为空闲信道，然后各个等待接入的信道的站点，便进入一个随机回退阶段，用于避免多个站点在相同的资源发生碰撞。此外，为了保证公平性，还规定每个站点不能长期占用频谱资源，到达一定时间或数据传输量上限时，需要释放资源，以供其他WiFi或LTE系统抢占资源。
为了提供一个灵活的、公平的自适应信道接入机制，欧洲要求在非授权的5150-5350MHz与5470-5725MHz频段采用LBT技术，LBT过程类似于WiFi的CSMA/CA机制，每个设备利用信道之前要进行CCA(Clear Channel Assessment，空闲信道评估)检测。CCA利用能量检测来判断当前信道是否有信号传输，从而确定信道是否被占用。ETSI标
准将非授权频段的设备分类为基于帧(Frame-based)与基于负载(load-based)的设备，分别对应两类接入机制：基于FBE(Frame Based Equipment，基于帧的设备)接入机制与基于LBE(Load Based Equipment，负载的设备)接入机制。
FBE接入机制在固定的帧结构位置执行CCA检测，只要信道有一个CCA周期(不低于20us)判断为空就立刻接入信道，发起数据传输过程，信道传输时间占用时间相对固定，最小1ms，最大10ms，空闲周期应该至少为信道占用时间的5％，在空闲周期的尾部的CCA时间内，设备执行新的CCA检测再次接入信道。在FBE机制中信道占用时间加空闲(idle)周期是一个固定值，称为帧周期(frame period)。LBE信道接入机制，每次传输对信道的占用时间与起点都是可变的，在获取信道之前要进行扩展CCA检测，产生一个随机的因子N，直到信道空闲时间达到CCA时间的N倍，且信道为闲，才接入信道，发起数据传输过程，最大的信道占用时间为13ms。
FBE信道接入机制，适用于有固定帧结构的无线接入系统，对非授权频段的LTE系统来说，当只有一个运营商与WiFi共存时，采用FBE方式操作非常简单，很具吸引力，而且由于采用FBE方式由于只能在idle周期进行CCA检测，故加入一个FBE接入机制的LTE节点对WiFi的影响肯定小于加入一个WiFi节点带来影响。故若采用FBE接入机制+载波选择，特别是不同运营商通过载波选择分别占据不同的信道，是LTE-U的一种较好的选择。但是非授权频带存在许多不同的宽带无线接入网络，当竞争激烈时，不同的运营商不可避免的共享相同的频谱资源，然而按照目前现有的处理方法，会存在严重的问题，例如两个运营商采取最大传输周期为3个子帧，空闲周期为1个子帧，固定frame period为4个子帧，以下行链路(Down Link only)为例，当两个运营商能够保持同步时，由于在每个空闲周期的CCA检测时都会判断为闲，故同时发送，导致两个运营商的传输在有共同业务的时间都是相碰的，如图1所示，而两个运营商要求共享频谱的场景往往为业务需求较繁忙的场景，这显然是不可接受的。当两个运营商不同步时，其传输如图2所示第二运营商先开始传输，如果第二运营商一直有业务的话，第一运营商则无法获得传输机会。
综上所述，现有技术中，LTE系统如何在非授权频谱上工作还没有明确方案，对于LTE在非授权频段上，是否一定采用FBE接入机制，及其如何实现都没有具体的实现方案。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种信道接入方法及设备，用以通过半静态配置frame period，使得多运营商采用FBE接入机制时可以实现信道资源的共享。
本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入方法，包括：
基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；
当满足帧周期的调整条件时，所述基站调整帧周期的大小；
所述基站当需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
通过该方法，基站通过半静态调整frame period的大小，即当满足帧周期的调整条件时，所述基站调整帧周期的大小，基站当需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入，使得多运营商采用FBE接入机制时可以实现信道资源的共享。
可选的，所述初始的帧周期，是所述基站随机产生的，或者是所述基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是所述基站预先约定的。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
可选的，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：
帧周期的调整周期到达；
或者，所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
可选的，所述基站调整帧周期的大小，包括：
所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；
或者，所述基站按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；
或者，所述基站接收所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；
或者，所述基站通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入设备，包括：
初始接入单元，用于在基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；
帧周期调整单元，用于当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小；
后续接入单元，用于当所述基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
通过该设备，实现半静态调整frame period的大小，即当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小，当基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入，使得多运营商采用FBE接入机制时可以实现信道资源的共享。
可选的，所述初始的帧周期，是所述基站随机产生的，或者是所述基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是所述基站预先约定的。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
可选的，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：
帧周期的调整周期到达；
或者，所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
可选的，所述帧周期调整单元调整帧周期的大小时，具体用于：
根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；
或者，按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；
或者，接收所述基站所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；
或者，通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
图1为背景技术中固定frame period为4个子帧，两个运营商同步时LBE信道接入示意图；
图2为背景技术中固定frame period为4个子帧，两个运营商不同步时LBE信道接入示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入方法的流程示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的不同运营商采用不同的frame period时LBE信道接入示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入设备的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种信道接入设备的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供了一种信道接入方法及设备，用以采用FBE信道接入机制，实现多个无线系统的信道资源共享，并且避免资源占用冲突。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，可以适用于非授权频段的信道接入，也可以适用于其他频段的信道接入。
参见图3，本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入方法，包括：
S101、基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；
S102、当满足帧周期的调整条件时，基站调整帧周期的大小；
本申请实施例中，基站半静态的调整FBE机制下的frame period的大小。
S103、基站当需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
初始的帧周期，是基站随机产生的，或者是基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是基站预先约定的。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同(当然也可以不同)，也就是说，初始的帧周期、帧周期的调整条件、调整方式、调整的步长都相同，从而可以保证同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同，进而实现同一运营商内部多基站的同步操作，避免相互竞争信道。
可选的，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：
帧周期的调整周期到达，即按照预设的调整周期，周期性地调整帧周期；
或者，基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期，即事件触发调整帧周期，当基站对信道的占用情况满足一定条件时，确定需要调整帧周期。
其中，帧周期的调整周期，也可以根据基站对信道的占用情况，进行半静态的自适应调整。
调整帧周期包括增大或缩小帧周期。例如，当某个运营商的基站发现在当前frame period配置下，信道接入机会比较低时，就适当缩短frame period的大小，因为信道可能比较忙，所以要降低信道占用时间，这样一来就增加了CCA检测的次数，从而增大了接入信道机会，当在当前frame period配置下信道占用率较高时，便增大frame period的大小，因为信道可能比较闲，可以配置更大的信道占用时间，基站在可以获得更大的连续传输时间的同时，也降低了CCA检测的次数，降低了CCA的开销。同时，这有利于其它运营商基站接入信道，在此机制下多个运营商可以共享信道。
可选的，基站调整帧周期的大小，包括：
基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；
或者，基站按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；
或者，基站接收所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；
或者，基站通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同，进而实现同一运营商内部多基站的同步操作，避免相互竞争
信道。
下面给出两个实施例的具体说明。
实施例1：
预先将frame period长度划分为若干等级，例如第一等级包括6个子帧，第二等级包括5个子帧，第三等级包括4个子帧，假设当前基站采用的帧周期为第二等级的帧周期，基站连续或一段时间内累计N次CCA成功占用信道，则增加frame period长度等级，例如调整为第一等级的帧周期，即调整后的帧周期包括6个子帧；若连续或一段时间内累计M次CCA检测到信道忙，无法占用信道时，则减少frame period长度，将帧周期调整为第三等级的帧周期，则调整后的帧周期包括4个子帧。
对于同一个运营商的所有基站可以采用相同的frame period大小调整间隔、相同的frame period大小、相同的CCA时间，只要每次调整的规则是一致的(即初始的帧周期相同、帧周期的调整条件相同、调整帧周期的大小的幅度和方式相同、CCA时间相同)，就可以实现一个运营商所有基站的同步操作，使得同一运营商内部的多个基站不需相互竞争信道。
实施例2：
假设预先设置好了帧周期的调整周期，某个运营商的基站不论在何种frame period配置下，信道占用率高还是低，都会在规则允许的信道传输时间范围内随机的产生一个可用的frame period大小，作为下一个周期内的配置参数。该机制至少可以实现多个运营商对信道的共享。
以两个运营商信道共享为例，如图4所示，在一个周期内第一运营商的frame period大小为3个子帧，第二运营商的frame period大小为4个子帧，空闲周期为1个子帧。
对于同一个运营商的所有基站，应保证同一时刻所使用的frame period是相同的，以实现同一运营商内部多基站的同步操作，避免相互竞争信道。因此，可以通过预先在同一运营商下的所有基站，在周期时间内对生成随机占用信道时间的时间种子设置为一致(即基站按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期)，或同一运营商内由中心节点统一分配frame period配置给各个基站(即基站接收所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期)，或同一运营商下的各基站间协商交互frame period配置(即基站通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期)，从而可以确定采用同一frame period大小进行信道接入，即可实现一个运营商所有基站的同步操作。
与上述方法相对应地，参见图5，本申请实施例提供的一种信道接入设备，包括：
初始接入单元11，用于在基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；
帧周期调整单元12，用于当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小；
后续接入单元13，用于当基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
通过该设备，实现半静态调整frame period的大小，即当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小，当基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入，使得多运营商采用FBE接入机制时可以实现信道资源的共享。
可选的，初始的帧周期，是基站随机产生的，或者是基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是基站预先约定的。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
可选的，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：
帧周期的调整周期到达；
或者，基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
可选的，帧周期调整单元调整帧周期的大小时，具体用于：
根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；
或者，按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；
或者，接收该基站所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；
或者，通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
以上各单元均可以由处理器等实体装置实现，的信道接入设备可以是基站等网络侧设备。
参见图6，本申请实施例提供的另一种信道接入设备，包括：
处理器500，用于读取存储器520中的程序，执行下列过程：
在基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；
当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小；
当基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
通过该设备，实现半静态调整frame period的大小，即当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小，当基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入，使得多运营商采用FBE接入机制时可以实现信道资源的共享。
可选的，初始的帧周期，是基站随机产生的，或者是基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是基站预先约定的。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
可选的，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：
帧周期的调整周期到达；
或者，基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
可选的，处理器调整帧周期的大小时，具体用于：
根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；
或者，按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；
或者，接收该基站所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；
或者，通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
可选的，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
收发机510，用于在处理器500的控制下接收和发送数据。
其中，在图6中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器500代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器520代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机510可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和收发机，提供用于在传
输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。处理器500负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器520可以存储处理器500在执行操作时所使用的数据。
综上，本申请实施例提供的技术方案，基于FBE的信道接入机制适用于LTE这种以子帧为基本传输单位的通信系统，标准化复杂度低，操作简单，且对WiFi的影响也较LBF的信道接入机制要小，故对非授权频段的LTE系统很有吸引力，但是多运营商同频共存时，如果采用相同的frame period无论同步还是不同步场景，都会导致两个运营商的基站要么都没法进行数据传输，要么只有一个运营商可以进行数据传输，无法共享相同信道，而本申请实施例提供的技术方案，采用FBE接入机制时，通过多个运营商基站半静态配置frame period的大小，实现多个运营商共存时可以共享信道资源。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (12)
- 一种信道接入方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；当满足帧周期的调整条件时，所述基站调整帧周期的大小；当需要接入信道时，所述基站按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述初始的帧周期，是所述基站随机产生的，或者是所述基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是所述基站预先约定的。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：帧周期的调整周期到达；或者，所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站调整帧周期的大小，包括：所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；或者，所述基站按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；或者，所述基站接收所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；或者，所述基站通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
- 根据权利要求1-5任一权项所述的方法，其特征在于，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
- 一种信道接入设备，其特征在于，该设备包括：初始接入单元，用于在基站初始接入信道时，按照初始的帧周期进行信道接入；帧周期调整单元，用于当满足帧周期的调整条件时，调整帧周期的大小；后续接入单元，用于当所述基站需要接入信道时，按照最新调整的帧周期进行信道接入。
- 根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，所述初始的帧周期，是所述基站随机产生的，或者是所述基站根据之前的传输情况存储的，或者是所述基站预先约定的。
- 根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，同一运营商下的所有基站，在同一时刻所采用的帧周期相同。
- 根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，满足帧周期的调整条件，具体为：帧周期的调整周期到达；或者，所述基站根据该基站对信道的占用情况，确定需要调整帧周期。
- 根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，所述帧周期调整单元调整帧周期的大小时，具体用于：根据该基站对信道的占用情况，调整帧周期的大小；或者，按照预设规则随机生成最新的帧周期；或者，接收所述基站所属运营商通过中心节点下发的帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期；或者，通过基站间的协商交互确定同一帧周期，并将该帧周期更新为最新的帧周期。
- 根据权利要求7-11任一权项所述的设备，其特征在于，同一运营商下的所有基站，采用的帧周期的调整条件相同，并且，采用的空闲信道评估CCA时间相同。
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