WO2016066875A1 - Products that can be smoked with a system for the controlled release of nicotine, and catalyst for reducing the toxic compounds - Google Patents

Products that can be smoked with a system for the controlled release of nicotine, and catalyst for reducing the toxic compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016066875A1
WO2016066875A1 PCT/ES2015/070762 ES2015070762W WO2016066875A1 WO 2016066875 A1 WO2016066875 A1 WO 2016066875A1 ES 2015070762 W ES2015070762 W ES 2015070762W WO 2016066875 A1 WO2016066875 A1 WO 2016066875A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nicotine
tobacco
catalyst
smoked
compounds
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PCT/ES2015/070762
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio Marcilla Gomis
María Isabel BELTRÁN RICO
Amparo GÓMEZ SIRUANA
Deseada BERENGUER MUÑOZ
Isabel MARTÍNEZ CASTELLANOS
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Universidad De Alicante
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Publication of WO2016066875A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016066875A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the general field of the smoking articles preparation industry and in particular, it refers to products that can be smoked, comprising a controlled nicotine release system and a catalyst for the reduction of toxic compounds. of tobacco, in order to modulate the release of nicotine with respect to that of other compounds, including tars and compounds contained therein, carbon monoxide and other compounds of the gas fraction and reduce the possible compensation effect associated with the reduction general produced by the catalyst.
  • the patent application US2014 / 0026900 describes a system of release of aromas or additives consisting of microcapsules incorporated in the filter that are broken by the pressure exerted by the smoker at the time you want (when smoking the cigarette), so that they release the desired product in the mainstream of the smoke.
  • the patent US2013 / 0192614 A1 describes the impregnation of filters with the desired substance and the coating of said filters with a crosslinkable material that can be broken by the pressure at the time of smoking, so that the mainstream gases can cross said filter and drag the desired substance. These coated filters are combined with normal filters in sandwich structures.
  • the forms of release of the additives are very diverse and range from systems included in the filters to external systems that can be placed in nozzles or be the nozzles themselves.
  • the additives can be incorporated well into microcapsules, by impregnation with systems to prevent evaporation or migration to unwanted parts of the system, etc. Some of these systems are in the market.
  • Nicotine can be added directly to the tobacco league and a product would be obtained that when smoking would generate higher doses of this compound. This practice would, however, go against the usual trend that aims to reduce these doses, far from increasing them. When combined with the addition of other compounds capable of reducing the generation of most of the toxic compounds present in tobacco smoke (including nicotine), it would allow the development of products with a nicotine ratio to the rest of the toxic compounds of the tobacco smoke modulable.
  • EP2092838 describes the use of different forms of zeolites, and different forms of MCM-41 mesoporous aluminosilicate in powder form for direct mixing with the tobacco sting, without the need to use any type of adhesive agent or any other type of specific technology for the preparation of mixtures.
  • CO smoking tobacco
  • Patent application P201201266 describes the use of materials of the SBA type
  • patent application P201300305 describes the use of mesoporous activated carbons of high degree of activation in similar applications.
  • patent application P201301 192 describes the inclusion of these catalysts in formulations of reconstituted tobacco with reductions in the generation of chemical compounds similar to those obtained by directly mixing the tobacco with said catalysts.
  • the present invention solves the problems posed in the state of the art, since in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a product that can be smoked in smoking devices (cigarettes and others) characterized in that it comprises a controlled release system of nicotine and / or nicotine derivative products and a catalyst selected from mesoporous active carbons, zeolites, SAB-15, MCM-41 or derivatives thereof.
  • SAB-15 aluminosilicate or its derivatives refers to SAB-15 aluminosilicates or their acidic, sodium forms, exchanged with Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr, their oxides of Fe, Na, K , Ca, Ce, Zr and mixtures thereof.
  • MCM-41 or its derivatives refers to Na-MCM-41, Na-Fe-MCM-41, Na-Ce-MCM-41, Na-Zr-MCM-41, mixtures thereof with oxides of Fe, Ce or Zr; and mixtures thereof.
  • mesoporous activated carbon refers to mesoporous activated carbon with a particle size between 1 -100 ⁇ , of high degree of activation, with a surface area S B ET between 1200-4200 m 2 / g, a volume V M ic between 0.4-1.2 cm 3 / g and a volume V M ESO between 0.6-2.8 cm 3 / g, these mesoporous activated carbons can be impregnated with carbonate or hydroxides of metals such as Na, Ca, Fe , Ce or Zr, or mixed with zeolites or alumninosilicates, or mixed with acidic, sodium or exchanged forms with Fe, Ce, or Zr oxides or mixtures thereof of the zeolites or aluminosilicates.
  • metals such as Na, Ca, Fe , Ce or Zr
  • the controlled release system of nicotine and / or nicotine derived products is selected from the microencapsulated nicotine or nicotine adsorbed to the filter, paper, tobacco, mouthpiece, tobacco league or to the catalyst, in another particular embodiment, nicotine is adsorbed to the catalyst.
  • the product that can be smoked is selected from tobacco, tobacco leaf, tobacco bite, rolling tobacco, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, wet tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or nicotine solution.
  • the smoking device is selected from cigarettes, cigars, electronic cigarettes or pipes.
  • the present invention consists in the combination of the two systems set forth above in order to reduce the toxicity of tobacco fumes and regulate the proportion of the various compounds with respect to nicotine.
  • the following systems are used as nicotine releasing systems in the smoke of the mainstream of tobacco:
  • Systems located in the filter including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows its incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the desired concentration.
  • Systems located on paper including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows their incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the desired concentration.
  • Systems located in the reconstituted tobacco or any component of the tobacco league including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows its incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the concentration desired.
  • catalysts zeolites, mesoporous materials type SBA-15, MCM-41, mesoporous activated carbons that will be incorporated directly into the tobacco league or will be included in reconstituted tobacco formulations as described in patent P201301 192. Specifically the catalysts used were:
  • MCM-41 or its derivatives, specifically Na-MCM-41, Na-Fe-MCM-41, Na-Ce-MCM-41, Na-Zr-MCM-41, their mixtures with Fe, Ce or Zr oxides ; and mixtures thereof.
  • these mesoporous activated carbons can be impregnated with carbonate or hydroxides materials of metals such as Na, Ca, Fe, Ce or Zr, or mixed with zeolites or alumninosilicates , or mixed with acidic, sodium or exchanged forms with Fe, Ce, or Zr oxides or mixtures thereof of zeolites or aluminosilicates.
  • EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCT THAT INCLUDES A CONVENTIONAL FI LTRO WITH NICOTI NA ADSORBI GIVES THE SUCH FI LTRO AND ALUMI NOSI LICATIO TI PO SAB-15 AS A CATALYST.
  • a conventional filter partially impregnated with nicotine has been used to cause the desired effect of nicotine release in the mainstream of tobacco smoke and a mesosporous aluminosilicate type SBA-15, of those described in the patent number of application P201201266 whose main characteristics are summarized in Table 1, as a catalyst and mixed directly with tobacco.
  • Cigarettes thus prepared were conditioned at 25 0 C in an atmosphere of relative humidity of 60% for at least 48 h.
  • Carrier gas Helium
  • adsorb nicotine or products capable of releasing nicotine in the smoking process
  • Another mixed adsorbent material could also be used to adsorb nicotine or its derivatives to mix the catalyst with tobacco. In this way the process to obtain the final smoking article would not require more modification than is necessary to incorporate the catalyst, thus facilitating the elaboration of this type of articles.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a product that can be smoked in devices for smoking, comprising a system for the controlled release of nicotine and/or products derived from nicotine, and a catalyst for reducing the toxic compounds of tobacco smoke, selected from mesoporous active carbons, zeolites, mesoporous materials, SAB-15, MCM-41 or derivatives thereof, with the aim of modulating the selectivity in relation to the nicotine and avoiding the compensation effect.

Description

PRODUCTOS SUSCEPTIBLES DE SER FUMADOS CON SISTEMA DE LIBERACIÓN CONTROLADA DE NICOTINA Y CATALIZADOR PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LOS COMPUESTOS TÓXICOS  PRODUCTS SUSCEPTIBLE TO BE SMOKED WITH CONTROLLED NICOTINE RELEASE SYSTEM AND CATALYST FOR REDUCTION OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se encuadra en el campo general de la industria de preparación de artículos para fumar y en particular, se refiere a productos susceptibles de ser fumados que comprende un sistema de liberación controlada de la nicotina y un catalizador para la reducción de los compuestos tóxicos del tabaco, con el objeto de modular la liberación de nicotina respecto a la de otros compuestos, incluidos los alquitranes y compuestos contenidos en ellos, el monóxido de carbono y otros compuestos de la fracción gaseosa y reducir el posible efecto de compensación asociado a la reducción general producida por el catalizador.  The present invention falls within the general field of the smoking articles preparation industry and in particular, it refers to products that can be smoked, comprising a controlled nicotine release system and a catalyst for the reduction of toxic compounds. of tobacco, in order to modulate the release of nicotine with respect to that of other compounds, including tars and compounds contained therein, carbon monoxide and other compounds of the gas fraction and reduce the possible compensation effect associated with the reduction general produced by the catalyst.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
Existen en el estado de la técnica gran variedad de sistemas que tienen por objeto liberar de manera controlada diversos compuestos en la corriente del humo del tabaco. Los cigarrillos electrónicos podrían considerarse un sistema de este tipo, con el objeto principal de suministrar al fumador fundamentalmente nicotina y otros compuestos tales como aromas y/o sabores.  There is a wide variety of systems in the state of the art that are intended to release various compounds in the tobacco smoke stream in a controlled manner. Electronic cigarettes could be considered such a system, with the main purpose of supplying the smoker primarily with nicotine and other compounds such as aromas and / or flavors.
La solicitud de patente US2014/0026900, describe un sistema de liberación de aromas o aditivos consistente en unas microcápsulas incorporadas en el filtro que se rompen por la presión ejercida por el fumador en el momento que desee (al fumar el cigarrillo), de modo que liberan el producto deseado en la corriente principal del humo. La patente US2013/0192614 A1 , describe la impregnación de filtros con la sustancia deseada y el recubrimiento de dichos filtros con un material entrecruzable que puede romperse por acción de la presión en el momento de fumado, de modo que los gases de la corriente principal puedan atravesar dicho filtro y arrastrar la sustancia deseada. Estos filtros recubiertos se combinan con filtros normales en estructuras tipo sándwich. The patent application US2014 / 0026900, describes a system of release of aromas or additives consisting of microcapsules incorporated in the filter that are broken by the pressure exerted by the smoker at the time you want (when smoking the cigarette), so that they release the desired product in the mainstream of the smoke. The patent US2013 / 0192614 A1, describes the impregnation of filters with the desired substance and the coating of said filters with a crosslinkable material that can be broken by the pressure at the time of smoking, so that the mainstream gases can cross said filter and drag the desired substance. These coated filters are combined with normal filters in sandwich structures.
Las formas de liberación de los aditivos son muy diversas y van desde sistemas incluidos en los filtros a sistemas externos que se pueden ubicar en boquillas o ser las propias boquillas. Los aditivos se pueden incorporar bien en microcápsulas, por impregnación con sistemas para evitar la evaporación o migración a partes no deseadas del sistema, etc. Algunos de estos sistemas se encuentran en el mercado. The forms of release of the additives are very diverse and range from systems included in the filters to external systems that can be placed in nozzles or be the nozzles themselves. The additives can be incorporated well into microcapsules, by impregnation with systems to prevent evaporation or migration to unwanted parts of the system, etc. Some of these systems are in the market.
La nicotina puede adicionarse directamente a la liga del tabaco y se obtendría un producto que al fumar generaría mayores dosis de este compuesto. Esta práctica iría, sin embargo, en contra de la corriente habitual que tiene por objetivo reducir estas dosis, lejos de incrementarlas. Al combinarla con la adición de otros compuestos capaces de reducir la generación de la mayor parte de los compuestos tóxicos presentes en el humo del tabaco (incluida la nicotina), permitiría el desarrollo de productos con una relación de nicotina al resto de los compuestos tóxicos del humo del tabaco modulable. Nicotine can be added directly to the tobacco league and a product would be obtained that when smoking would generate higher doses of this compound. This practice would, however, go against the usual trend that aims to reduce these doses, far from increasing them. When combined with the addition of other compounds capable of reducing the generation of most of the toxic compounds present in tobacco smoke (including nicotine), it would allow the development of products with a nicotine ratio to the rest of the toxic compounds of the tobacco smoke modulable.
La adición de sustancias con objeto de modificar el aroma, el sabor u otras propiedades de los humos no es exclusiva de los filtros. Los papeles de fumar (US5228461), el tabaco reconstituido (US8297288), además de la mezcla directa con el tabaco de los aditivos o los aditivos encapsulados (US3126012, EP2552247) son también frecuentemente utilizados para conseguir los efectos deseados. Las patentes mencionadas se han citado a modo de ejemplo de los muchos sistemas y posibilidades de utilizar estos conceptos. Por otra parte, recientemente se han publicado una serie de patentes en relación a la incorporación en la mezcla de tabaco de catalizadores capaces de reducir la toxicidad de los humos generados al fumar la mezcla de esos catalizadores con el tabaco en proporciones adecuadas. En la patente EP2092838, se describe el uso de diferentes formas de zeolitas, y diferentes formas de aluminosilicato mesoporoso MCM-41 en forma de polvo para su mezcla directa con la picadura de tabaco, sin necesidad de usar ningún tipo de agente adhesivo o cualquier otro tipo de tecnología específica para la preparación de las mezclas. Al fumar estas mezclas se obtienen reducciones importantes en la mayoría de compuestos tóxicos y cancerígenos generados al fumar tabaco (CO, nicotina, alquitrán, aldehidos, aromáticos y otros compuestos). La solicitud de patente P201201266, describe el uso de materiales del tipo SBA y la solicitud de patente P201300305 describe el uso de carbones activados mesoporosos de elevado grado de activación en aplicaciones similares. Por otra parte, la solicitud de patente P201301 192, describe la inclusión de estos catalizadores en formulaciones de tabaco reconstituido con reducciones de la generación de compuestos químicos similares a las obtenidas mezclado directamente el tabaco con dichos catalizadores. The addition of substances in order to modify the aroma, taste or other properties of the fumes is not exclusive to the filters. Smoking papers (US5228461), reconstituted tobacco (US8297288), in addition to direct mixing with additives tobacco or encapsulated additives (US3126012, EP2552247) are also frequently used to achieve the desired effects. The mentioned patents have been cited by way of example of the many systems and possibilities of using these concepts. On the other hand, a series of patents have recently been published in relation to the incorporation into the tobacco mixture of catalysts capable of reducing the toxicity of the fumes generated by smoking the mixture of those catalysts with tobacco in suitable proportions. EP2092838 describes the use of different forms of zeolites, and different forms of MCM-41 mesoporous aluminosilicate in powder form for direct mixing with the tobacco sting, without the need to use any type of adhesive agent or any other type of specific technology for the preparation of mixtures. By smoking these mixtures, significant reductions are obtained in most toxic and carcinogenic compounds generated by smoking tobacco (CO, nicotine, tar, aldehydes, aromatics and other compounds). Patent application P201201266 describes the use of materials of the SBA type and patent application P201300305 describes the use of mesoporous activated carbons of high degree of activation in similar applications. On the other hand, patent application P201301 192 describes the inclusion of these catalysts in formulations of reconstituted tobacco with reductions in the generation of chemical compounds similar to those obtained by directly mixing the tobacco with said catalysts.
La organización mundial de la salud, en el informe "The scientific basis of tobáceo product regulation" (WHO report series 951 de 2007, ISBN 978 92 4 120951 9, ISSN 0512-3054) recomienda, para la regulación de los productos el tabaco, la normalización de los datos de concentración de los distintos compuestos tóxicos del humo del tabaco respecto a la nicotina y la expresión de los resultados como cantidad de cada compuesto por mg de nicotina. Se argumenta esta recomendación basándose en el hecho que los fumadores buscan fundamentalmente la nicotina del tabaco y que, por tanto, lo importante en un tabaco para poder ser considerado como menos tóxico que otro es que produzca menos cantidad de productos tóxicos por mg de nicotina en los experimentos normalizados de fumado en máquina, hasta que estén disponibles otros tipos de ensayos que incluyan biomarcadores adecuados que reflejen mejor los posibles efectos sobre el fumador. También se indica en dicho informe que los resultados de dichos experimentos, tal y como se expresan en la actualidad, pueden resultar engañosos para la opinión pública y recomienda que no sean públicos. Por otra parte también se recomienda que la regulación de los productos del tabaco debe estar en consonancia con las posibilidades técnicas de reducción de la toxicidad de los humos por reducción de la concentración de componentes específicos de los mismos. Por otro lado, en dicho informe también se indica que no se debe prohibir publicitar que un producto cumple la normativa establecida por el Gobierno. The world health organization, in the report "The scientific basis of tobáceo product regulation" (WHO report series 951 of 2007, ISBN 978 92 4 120951 9, ISSN 0512-3054) recommends, for the regulation of tobacco products, the normalization of the concentration data of the different toxic compounds of tobacco smoke with respect to nicotine and the expression of the results as quantity of each compound per mg of nicotine. This recommendation is argued based on the fact that smokers are primarily looking for tobacco nicotine and, therefore, what is important in a tobacco to be considered as less toxic than another is to produce less toxic products per mg of nicotine in standardized machine smoking experiments, until other types of trials are available that include suitable biomarkers that better reflect the possible effects on the smoker. It is also indicated in said report that the results of such experiments, as they are expressed today, can be misleading for public opinion and recommends that they not be public. On the other hand it is also recommended that the regulation of tobacco products should be in line with the technical possibilities of reducing the toxicity of the fumes by reducing the concentration of specific components thereof. On the other hand, this report also indicates that it should not be prohibited to advertise that a product complies with the regulations established by the Government.
Parece conveniente, por tanto, desarrollar un producto susceptible de ser fumado que produzca humos inhalados por los fumadores con una concentración de nicotina regulada (similar a la que genera el tabaco sin tratar) y una concentración de alquitrán (y productos presentes en el alquitrán) y CO reducida, y de este modo evitar el efecto de compensación que puede llevar a los fumadores a consumir un mayor número de cigarrillos que proporcionen dosis reducidas de nicotina, de tal forma que el producto desarrollado, esté más cerca de satisfacer los requerimientos anteriormente expuestos ya que actualmente no existen en el mercado. It seems appropriate, therefore, to develop a product that can be smoked that produces smoke inhaled by smokers with a regulated concentration of nicotine (similar to that generated by untreated tobacco) and a concentration of tar (and products present in tar) and reduced CO, and thus avoid the compensation effect that can lead smokers to consume a greater number of cigarettes that provide reduced doses of nicotine, so that the product developed is closer to meeting the requirements set forth above since they currently do not exist in the market.
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA INVENCIÓN GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Así pues, la presente invención soluciona los problemas planteados en el estado de la técnica, ya que en un primer aspecto, la presente invención se refiere a un producto susceptible de ser fumado en dispositivos para fumar (cigarrillos y otros) caracterizado por que comprende un sistema de liberación controlada de la nicotina y/o de los productos derivados de la nicotina y un catalizador seleccionado de entre carbonos activos mesoporosos, zeolitas, SAB-15, MCM-41 o derivados de los mismos.  Thus, the present invention solves the problems posed in the state of the art, since in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a product that can be smoked in smoking devices (cigarettes and others) characterized in that it comprises a controlled release system of nicotine and / or nicotine derivative products and a catalyst selected from mesoporous active carbons, zeolites, SAB-15, MCM-41 or derivatives thereof.
En la presente invención, por aluminosilicato SAB-15, o sus derivados se refiere al aluminosilicatos SAB-15 o sus formas ácidas, sódicas, intercambiadas con Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr, sus óxidos de Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr y mezclas de los mismos. In the present invention, by SAB-15 aluminosilicate, or its derivatives refers to SAB-15 aluminosilicates or their acidic, sodium forms, exchanged with Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr, their oxides of Fe, Na, K , Ca, Ce, Zr and mixtures thereof.
En la presente invención, por MCM-41 o sus derivados se refiere al Na-MCM-41 , Na- Fe-MCM-41 , Na-Ce-MCM-41 , Na-Zr-MCM-41 , sus mezclas con óxidos de Fe, Ce o Zr; y mezclas de los mismos. En la presente invención por carbones activados mesoporosos se refiere a carbones activados mesoporosos con un tamaño de partícula comprendido entre 1 -100 μηι, de elevado grado de activación, con una superficie SBET comprendida entre 1200-4200 m2/g, un volumen VMic comprendido entre 0.4-1.2 cm3/g y un volumen VMESO comprendido entre 0.6-2.8 cm3/g, estos carbones activados mesoporosos pueden estar impregnados con materiales de tipo carbonatos o hidróxidos de metales como el Na, Ca, Fe, Ce o Zr, o mezclados con zeolitas o alumninosilicatos, o mezclados con formas ácidas, sódicas o intercambiadas con óxidos de Fe, Ce, o Zr o mezclas de los mismos de las zeolitas o aluminosilicatos. In the present invention, by MCM-41 or its derivatives refers to Na-MCM-41, Na-Fe-MCM-41, Na-Ce-MCM-41, Na-Zr-MCM-41, mixtures thereof with oxides of Fe, Ce or Zr; and mixtures thereof. In the present invention mesoporous activated carbon refers to mesoporous activated carbon with a particle size between 1 -100 μηι, of high degree of activation, with a surface area S B ET between 1200-4200 m 2 / g, a volume V M ic between 0.4-1.2 cm 3 / g and a volume V M ESO between 0.6-2.8 cm 3 / g, these mesoporous activated carbons can be impregnated with carbonate or hydroxides of metals such as Na, Ca, Fe , Ce or Zr, or mixed with zeolites or alumninosilicates, or mixed with acidic, sodium or exchanged forms with Fe, Ce, or Zr oxides or mixtures thereof of the zeolites or aluminosilicates.
En una realización particular, el sistema de liberación controlada de nicotina y/o de los productos derivados de la nicotina es seleccionado de entre la nicotina microencapsulada o nicotina adsorbida al filtro, al papel, al tabaco, a la boquilla, a la liga del tabaco o al catalizador, en otra realización en particular, la nicotina se encuentra adsorbida al catalizador. In a particular embodiment, the controlled release system of nicotine and / or nicotine derived products is selected from the microencapsulated nicotine or nicotine adsorbed to the filter, paper, tobacco, mouthpiece, tobacco league or to the catalyst, in another particular embodiment, nicotine is adsorbed to the catalyst.
En una realización en particular, el producto susceptible de ser fumado es seleccionado de entre tabaco, hoja de tabaco, picadura de tabaco, tabaco de liar, tabaco de mascar, tabaco de pipa, tabaco húmedo, tabaco reconstituido o solución de nicotina. In a particular embodiment, the product that can be smoked is selected from tobacco, tobacco leaf, tobacco bite, rolling tobacco, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, wet tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or nicotine solution.
En otra realización en particular, el dispositivo para fumar es seleccionado de entre cigarrillos, cigarros, cigarros electrónicos o pipas. In another particular embodiment, the smoking device is selected from cigarettes, cigars, electronic cigarettes or pipes.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención consiste en la combinación de los dos sistemas anteriormente expuestos con objeto de reducir la toxicidad de los humos del tabaco y regular la proporción de los distintos compuestos con respecto a la nicotina. En la presente invención se utilizan como sistemas liberadores de nicotina en el humo de la corriente principal del tabaco los siguientes sistemas: The present invention consists in the combination of the two systems set forth above in order to reduce the toxicity of tobacco fumes and regulate the proportion of the various compounds with respect to nicotine. In the present invention, the following systems are used as nicotine releasing systems in the smoke of the mainstream of tobacco:
1. Sistemas ubicados en el filtro: incluyendo nicotina (y compuestos capaces de liberar nicotina) microencapsulada, adsorbida o en cualquier otra forma que permita su incorporación a la corriente principal del humo de tabaco en la concentración deseada.  1. Systems located in the filter: including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows its incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the desired concentration.
2. Sistemas ubicados en el papel: incluyendo nicotina (y compuestos capaces de liberar nicotina) microencapsulada, adsorbida o en cualquier otra forma que permita su incorporación a la corriente principal del humo de tabaco en la concentración deseada.  2. Systems located on paper: including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows their incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the desired concentration.
3. Sistemas ubicados en el tabaco reconstituido o cualquier componente de la liga de tabaco: incluyendo nicotina (y compuestos capaces de liberar nicotina) microencapsulada, adsorbida o en cualquier otra forma que permita su incorporación a la corriente principal del humo de tabaco en la concentración deseada.  3. Systems located in the reconstituted tobacco or any component of the tobacco league: including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows its incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the concentration desired.
4. Sistemas ubicados en la liga del tabaco: incluyendo nicotina (y compuestos capaces de liberar nicotina) microencapsulada, adsorbida o en cualquier otra forma que permita su incorporación a la corriente principal del humo de tabaco en la concentración deseada.  4. Systems located in the tobacco league: including nicotine (and compounds capable of releasing nicotine) microencapsulated, adsorbed or in any other way that allows its incorporation into the mainstream of tobacco smoke in the desired concentration.
Y como catalizadores: zeolitas, materiales mesoporosos tipo SBA-15, MCM-41 , carbones activados mesoporosos que se incorporarán directamente a la liga del tabaco o se incluirán en formulaciones de tabaco reconstituido como se describe en la patente P201301 192. En concreto los catalizadores utilizados fueron: And as catalysts: zeolites, mesoporous materials type SBA-15, MCM-41, mesoporous activated carbons that will be incorporated directly into the tobacco league or will be included in reconstituted tobacco formulations as described in patent P201301 192. Specifically the catalysts used were:
• Aluminosilicato SAB-15, o sus formas ácidas, sódicas, intercambiadas con Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr, sus óxidos de Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr y mezclas de los mismos.  • SAB-15 aluminosilicate, or its acidic, sodium forms, exchanged with Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr, its oxides of Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ce, Zr and mixtures thereof.
• MCM-41 o sus derivados, en concreto Na-MCM-41 , Na-Fe-MCM-41 , Na-Ce-MCM-41 , Na-Zr-MCM-41 , sus mezclas con óxidos de Fe, Ce o Zr; y mezclas de los mismos. Carbones activados mesoporosos con un tamaño de partícula comprendido entre 1 -100 μηι, de elevado grado de activación, con una superficie SBET comprendida entre 1200-4200 m2/g, un volumen VMic comprendido entre 0.4-1.2 cm3/g y un volumen VMESO comprendido entre 0.6-2.8 cm3/g, estos carbones activados mesoporosos pueden estar impregnados con materiales de tipo carbonatos o hidróxidos de metales como el Na, Ca, Fe, Ce o Zr, o mezclados con zeolitas o alumninosilicatos, o mezclados con formas ácidas, sódicas o intercambiadas con óxidos de Fe, Ce, o Zr o mezclas de los mismos de las zeolitas o aluminosilicatos. • MCM-41 or its derivatives, specifically Na-MCM-41, Na-Fe-MCM-41, Na-Ce-MCM-41, Na-Zr-MCM-41, their mixtures with Fe, Ce or Zr oxides ; and mixtures thereof. Mesoporous activated carbon with a particle size between 1 -100 μηι, with a high degree of activation, with a surface S B ET between 1200-4200 m 2 / g, a volume V M ic between 0.4-1.2 cm 3 / g and a volume V M ESO comprised between 0.6-2.8 cm 3 / g, these mesoporous activated carbons can be impregnated with carbonate or hydroxides materials of metals such as Na, Ca, Fe, Ce or Zr, or mixed with zeolites or alumninosilicates , or mixed with acidic, sodium or exchanged forms with Fe, Ce, or Zr oxides or mixtures thereof of zeolites or aluminosilicates.
EJEM PLO 1 : PRODUCTO QUE COMPRENDE UN FI LTRO CONVENCIONAL CON NICOTI NA ADSORBI DA AL DICHO FI LTRO Y ALUMI NOSI LICATIO TI PO SAB-15 COMO CATALIZADOR. EXAMPLE 1: PRODUCT THAT INCLUDES A CONVENTIONAL FI LTRO WITH NICOTI NA ADSORBI GIVES THE SUCH FI LTRO AND ALUMI NOSI LICATIO TI PO SAB-15 AS A CATALYST.
En el presente ejemplo se ha utilizado un filtro convencional parcialmente impregnado con nicotina, para provocar el efecto deseado de liberación de nicotina en la corriente principal del humo del tabaco y un aluminosilicato mesosporoso del tipo SBA-15, de los descritos en la patente número de solicitud P201201266 cuyas características principales se resumen en la tabla 1 , como catalizador y mezclado directamente con el tabaco. In the present example a conventional filter partially impregnated with nicotine has been used to cause the desired effect of nicotine release in the mainstream of tobacco smoke and a mesosporous aluminosilicate type SBA-15, of those described in the patent number of application P201201266 whose main characteristics are summarized in Table 1, as a catalyst and mixed directly with tobacco.
Tabla 1. Propiedades del catalizador aluminosilicatio mesoporoso del tipo SBA-15 (aBJH; "método BET, isotermas de adsorción de N2; cmétodo t, isotermas de adsorción de N2; dmedido a P/P0=0.995, isotermas de adsorción de N2; eXRF). Table 1. Properties of the mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst of type SBA-15 ( a BJH; "BET method, adsorption isotherms of N 2 ; c method t, adsorption isotherms of N 2 ; d measured at P / P 0 = 0.995, isotherms adsorption of N 2 ; and XRF).
Figure imgf000008_0001
Como tabaco se ha utilizado el tabaco de referencia 3R4F de la Universidad de Kentucky. Los experimentos de fumado se han realizado de acuerdo con la norma ISO 3308 utilizando tabaco de referencia 3R4F y sus tubos, que incluyen orificios de ventilación. Para ello se han vaciado una serie de dichos cigarrillos, el tabaco se ha mezclado y acondicionado. Posteriormente este tabaco se ha mezclado (en los casos que lo incluyen) con el catalizador en una proporción de 4% en peso y se ha vuelto a entubar en los tubos originales (tanto las mezclas que incluyen catalizador como las que no lo incluyen). Los cigarrillos así elaborados se han acondicionado a 25 0 C en un ambiente de humedad relativa del 60% durante, al menos 48 h. De este modo se han preparado las siguientes muestras: cigarrillos con tabaco de referencia 3R4F, cigarrillos con tabaco de referencia mezclado con un 4 % de catalizador, cigarrillos con tabaco de referencia a cuyos filtros se les ha añadido aproximadamente 4 mg de nicotina, y finalmente cigarrillos con tabaco de referencia mezclado con un 4 % de catalizador a cuyos filtros se les ha añadido aproximadamente 7 mg de nicotina, con objeto de procurar la liberación controlada de nicotina. Al poner en contacto la nicotina con el filtro del tabaco, la nicotina se adsorbe inmediatamente y se libera por arrastre por la corriente de humos cuando se fuma. En este caso la nicotina se añadió al filtro, pero si se añade al catalizador o al tabaco, los resultados son equivalentes pero con pequeñas variaciones. Lo mismo ocurriría si encapsuláramos la nicotina. 10 cigarrillos de cada serie se han fumado de acuerdo con la norma ISO 3308. Las trampas situadas detrás de los filtros de los cigarrillos, formadas por filtros Cambridge, se han extraído con 2-propanol y se ha analizado el extracto por GC con detector por espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), utilizando una columna HP-5MS y las siguientes condiciones:
Figure imgf000008_0001
As tobacco the reference tobacco 3R4F of the University of Kentucky has been used. Smoking experiments have been carried out in accordance with ISO 3308 using reference tobacco 3R4F and its tubes, which include ventilation holes. For this, a series of these cigarettes have been emptied, the tobacco has been mixed and conditioned. Subsequently, this tobacco has been mixed (in cases that include it) with the catalyst in a proportion of 4% by weight and re-tubed in the original tubes (both mixtures that include catalyst and those that do not include it). Cigarettes thus prepared were conditioned at 25 0 C in an atmosphere of relative humidity of 60% for at least 48 h. In this way the following samples have been prepared: cigarettes with reference tobacco 3R4F, cigarettes with reference tobacco mixed with a 4% catalyst, cigarettes with reference tobacco whose filters have been added approximately 4 mg of nicotine, and finally cigarettes with reference tobacco mixed with a 4% catalyst to which filters have been added approximately 7 mg of nicotine, in order to ensure the controlled release of nicotine. By bringing nicotine into contact with the tobacco filter, nicotine is immediately adsorbed and released by entrainment by the flow of smoke when smoking. In this case, nicotine was added to the filter, but if added to the catalyst or tobacco, the results are equivalent but with small variations. The same would happen if we encapsulated nicotine. 10 cigarettes of each series have been smoked in accordance with ISO 3308. The traps behind the cigarette filters, formed by Cambridge filters, have been extracted with 2-propanol and the extract has been analyzed by GC with detector by mass spectrometry (GC-MS), using an HP-5MS column and the following conditions:
- Temperatura del inyector: 250°C  - Injector temperature: 250 ° C
Gas portador: Helio  Carrier gas: Helium
- Volumen de muestra inyectada: 1  - Injected sample volume: 1
Flujo de columna constante: 2 mL/min  Constant column flow: 2 mL / min
Programa de temperatura del horno:  Oven temperature program:
- Temperatura inicial de la columna 40°C durante 5 min  - Initial column temperature 40 ° C for 5 min
Calentamiento hasta 320°C con una rampa de 12°C/min  Heating up to 320 ° C with a ramp of 12 ° C / min
Tiempo final: 25 min. Los distintos compuestos analizados (se ha seguido la evolución de los mismos que en la patente P201201266) han sido identificados utilizando la biblioteca Wiley MS.Final time: 25 min. The different compounds analyzed (the evolution of the same as in patent P201201266 has been followed) have been identified using the Wiley MS library.
Un resumen de los resultados obtenidos se muestra en la tabla 2. A summary of the results obtained is shown in table 2.
Tabla 2. Resumen de los resultados de nicotina (N) y suma del resto de compuestos analizados (RCA), NF indica que se ha añadido nicotina en el filtro). Table 2. Summary of the results of nicotine (N) and sum of the rest of the compounds analyzed (RCA), NF indicates that nicotine has been added in the filter).
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
En los cigarrillos 3R4F+C se puede observar el efecto ya descrito en la patente P201201266 de 21 de diciembre de 2012, de reducción de la nicotina por la adición del catalizador, sin embargo la relación de nicotina al resto de los compuestos apenas se modifica ligeramente. Sin embargo, al añadir la nicotina en el filtro, en las muestras marcadas con NF, se obtiene, como era de esperar una mayor cantidad de nicotina en ambos casos en comparación con el cigarrillo similar sin nicotina añadida en el filtro. Sin embargo, en el cigarrillo 3R4F+C+NF, la adición del catalizador permite obtener una cantidad de nicotina muy similar al caso de los cigarrillos sin ningún aditivo (ni catalizador ni nicotina), pero ahora con una aumento notable de la relación de nicotina con respecto al resto de compuestos. Por tanto, el uso combinado del catalizador y el sistema de liberación de nicotina ha producido el efecto buscado de mantener el nivel de nicotina y reducir el del resto de los compuestos no deseados. Por otra parte, el efecto del catalizador sobre el resto de los compuestos sigue siendo el descrito en la solicitud de patente P201201266. Así pues, combinando ambos sistemas y las concentraciones de aditivo y de nicotina (o producto capaz de liberarla) se puede modular tanto la cantidad de nicotina como la del resto de los compuestos contenidos en el humo del tabaco de forma independiente, lo que representa la principal reivindicación de la presente patente. In the 3R4F + C cigarettes the effect already described in the patent P201201266 of December 21, 2012, of nicotine reduction by the addition of the catalyst can be observed, however the ratio of nicotine to the rest of the compounds is hardly modified slightly . However, by adding the nicotine in the filter, in the samples marked with NF, it is obtained, as expected, a greater amount of nicotine in both cases compared to the similar cigarette without nicotine added in the filter. However, in the 3R4F + C + NF cigarette, the addition of the catalyst allows to obtain a quantity of nicotine very similar to the case of cigarettes without any additive (neither catalyst nor nicotine), but now with a notable increase in the nicotine ratio with respect to the rest of compounds. Therefore, the combined use of the catalyst and the nicotine release system has produced the desired effect of maintaining the level of nicotine and reducing that of the rest of the unwanted compounds. On the other hand, the effect of the catalyst on the rest of the compounds is still that described in patent application P201201266. Thus, by combining both systems and the concentrations of additive and nicotine (or product capable of releasing it) both the amount of nicotine and the rest of the compounds contained in tobacco smoke can be modulated independently, which represents the main claim of the present patent.
En particular resulta especialmente interesante adsorber la nicotina (o productos capaces de liberar nicotina en el proceso de fumado) sobre parte o todo el catalizador utilizado para reducir la toxicidad del humo del tabaco. También se podría utilizar otro material adsorbente mezclado para adsorber la nicotina o sus derivados para mezclarlo con el tabaco el catalizador. De este modo el proceso para obtener el artículo de fumado final no requeriría más modificación que la necesaria para incorporar el catalizador, facilitando de este modo la elaboración de este tipo de artículos. In particular, it is especially interesting to adsorb nicotine (or products capable of releasing nicotine in the smoking process) over part or all of the catalyst used to reduce the toxicity of tobacco smoke. Another mixed adsorbent material could also be used to adsorb nicotine or its derivatives to mix the catalyst with tobacco. In this way the process to obtain the final smoking article would not require more modification than is necessary to incorporate the catalyst, thus facilitating the elaboration of this type of articles.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Producto susceptible de ser fumado en dispositivos para fumar caracterizado por que comprende un sistema de liberación controlada de nicotina y/o de productos derivados de la nicotina y un catalizador seleccionado de entre carbonos activos mesoporosos, zeolitas, materiales mesoporos, SAB-15, MCM-41 o derivados de los mismos.  1. Product capable of being smoked in smoking devices characterized in that it comprises a controlled release system of nicotine and / or nicotine derived products and a catalyst selected from mesoporous active carbons, zeolites, mesoporos materials, SAB-15, MCM-41 or derivatives thereof.
2. Producto según la reivindicación 1 , donde el sistema de liberación controlada de nicotina y derivados de la misma es seleccionado de entre la nicotina microencapsulada o nicotina adsorbida al filtro, al papel, al tabaco, a la boquilla, a la liga del tabaco o al catalizador.  2. Product according to claim 1, wherein the controlled release system of nicotine and derivatives thereof is selected from the microencapsulated nicotine or nicotine adsorbed to the filter, paper, tobacco, nozzle, tobacco league or to the catalyst.
3. Producto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la nicotina se encuentra adsorbida al catalizador.  3. Product according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the nicotine is adsorbed to the catalyst.
4. Producto según las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el producto susceptible de ser fumado es seleccionado de entre tabaco, hoja de tabaco, picadura de tabaco, tabaco de liar, tabaco de mascar, tabaco de pipa, tabaco húmedo, tabaco reconstituido o solución de nicotina.  4. Product according to the preceding claims, wherein the product that can be smoked is selected from tobacco, tobacco leaf, tobacco bite, rolling tobacco, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, wet tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or nicotine solution .
5. Producto según las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el dispositivo para fumar es seleccionado de entre cigarrillos, cigarros, cigarros electrónicos o pipas.  5. Product according to the preceding claims, wherein the smoking device is selected from cigarettes, cigars, electronic cigarettes or pipes.
PCT/ES2015/070762 2014-10-31 2015-10-22 Products that can be smoked with a system for the controlled release of nicotine, and catalyst for reducing the toxic compounds WO2016066875A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3584630A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-06-15 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco product having low nicotine content associated with a release agent having nicotine weakly absorbed thereon
US4676259A (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-06-30 Advanced Tobacco Products Inc. Nicotine enhanced smoking device
ES2482490A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-08-01 Universidad De Alicante Aluminosilicate sab-15 as an additive for reducing the toxic and carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke
ES2499990A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-09-29 Universidad De Alicante Nanoporous activated carbons as additives in tobacco for reducing the emission of toxic products

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3584630A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-06-15 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco product having low nicotine content associated with a release agent having nicotine weakly absorbed thereon
US4676259A (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-06-30 Advanced Tobacco Products Inc. Nicotine enhanced smoking device
ES2482490A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-08-01 Universidad De Alicante Aluminosilicate sab-15 as an additive for reducing the toxic and carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke
ES2499990A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-09-29 Universidad De Alicante Nanoporous activated carbons as additives in tobacco for reducing the emission of toxic products

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