WO2016065683A1 - Procédé de conception pour conformation de faisceaux tridimensionnelle dans un système 3d multiutilisateurs à entrées et sorties multiples (mimo) - Google Patents

Procédé de conception pour conformation de faisceaux tridimensionnelle dans un système 3d multiutilisateurs à entrées et sorties multiples (mimo) Download PDF

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WO2016065683A1
WO2016065683A1 PCT/CN2014/092049 CN2014092049W WO2016065683A1 WO 2016065683 A1 WO2016065683 A1 WO 2016065683A1 CN 2014092049 W CN2014092049 W CN 2014092049W WO 2016065683 A1 WO2016065683 A1 WO 2016065683A1
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user
antenna
base station
antenna array
users
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PCT/CN2014/092049
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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任品毅
张逸炎
孙黎
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西安交通大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wireless communications, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional beamforming design method in a multi-user 3D-MIMO system.
  • 3D-MIMO Three dimensional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3D-MIMO uses a large number of antennas to arrange spatial antenna arrays for three-dimensional beamforming signal transmission, which greatly improves system performance.
  • most of the previous studies have studied three-dimensional beamforming in the traditional two-dimensional channel model.
  • the antenna model used is only a fixed antenna port in which the antenna pattern has been fixed, and is not a planar antenna array composed of an active antenna system in practice. Ignoring the three-dimensional distribution characteristics of the user in space, the method of improving the system throughput only by adjusting the base station antenna downtilt is not ideal in the three-dimensional scene. Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient three-dimensional beamforming scheme in combination with the characteristics of a complete three-dimensional system suitable for a 3D-MIMO system, particularly the characteristics of a planar antenna array used therein.
  • the object of the present invention is to apply a planar antenna array based on the newly proposed 3D channel model of the 3GPP organization, and propose a three-dimensional beamforming design method for a multi-user 3D-MIMO system for a single-cell multi-user cellular system.
  • the method effectively reduces the interference between multiple users of the system and greatly improves the overall throughput of the system.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a three-dimensional beamforming design method in a multi-user 3D-MIMO system includes the following steps:
  • each antenna port in the configured planar antenna array serves a separate user.
  • the precoding applied on these antenna ports is the precoding recommended in the 3GPP standard, and the user is served at the same time. Select from all users by a multi-user scheduling algorithm;
  • the configuration of the base station antenna array is determined by the designed multi-user scheduling algorithm.
  • the electronic downtilt angle used in the precoding applied to each antenna port is determined by the configuration of the adopted base station antenna array, and finally the system is maximized.
  • the purpose of throughput is determined by the designed multi-user scheduling algorithm.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), the application is proposed to distribute the user's distribution law in the new 3D scene in the 3GPP standard, and calculate the probability density function of the apex angle of the user's direct viewing path.
  • step 1) the multi-user scheduling algorithm in the system should satisfy the following conditions:
  • step 2) the following steps are specifically included:
  • the base station selects the simultaneously scheduled users at each time interval using the designed multi-user scheduling algorithm
  • the base station uses a rectangular antenna array consisting of M ⁇ N antenna elements, one column of each antenna array serving as a single antenna port, serving one of the users simultaneously scheduled;
  • M is the number of rows of the antenna array
  • ⁇ is the carrier wavelength
  • m is the serial number of the antenna element
  • d v is the line spacing of the array
  • ⁇ etilt is the electronic downtilt angle used.
  • ⁇ is the pi
  • the electronic downtilt angle is the same in the precoding used by all antenna elements in the same antenna port
  • the electronic downtilt angle in the precoding used by different ports is different.
  • step 3 the following steps are specifically included:
  • the antenna array used by the base station is a rectangular antenna array composed of M ⁇ N antenna elements, and the M in the antenna array configuration should satisfy:
  • Ln() means taking the natural logarithm
  • E() means the mathematical expectation
  • ⁇ d is the difference of the apex angle of the user who is scheduled at the same time
  • ⁇ z is the apex angle of the antenna port serving user
  • ⁇ is the adjustment angle
  • ⁇ d is the difference between the apex angles of the users scheduled at the same time
  • ⁇ M is calculated by the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the carrier wavelength
  • d v is the row spacing of the array
  • M is the number of rows of the antenna array.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention uses a newly proposed complete three-dimensional system model conforming to the 3D-MIMO system, including a three-dimensional scene, a planar antenna array model and a three-dimensional channel model, and combined with the characteristics of the system model to design a more realistic set of three-dimensional beam assignments.
  • Shape scheme, the influence of user distribution and user scheduling algorithm on beamforming effect is analyzed in the present invention, and The best method, which greatly improves the overall performance of the 3D-MIMO system.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a planar antenna array model.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of beamforming of a single antenna port.
  • Figure 3 is a system model diagram of the beamforming scheme.
  • Figure 4 is a comparison of the wideband signal-to-noise ratio of the system under different electronic downtilt angles.
  • Figure 5 is a comparison of user rates for different antenna models and configurations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a planar antenna array used by a base station, and the specific description is as follows:
  • the two-dimensional antenna plane array used by the base station is composed of antenna elements arranged in M rows and N columns, and the distance between rows and columns is d H and d V , respectively .
  • Each antenna element is independently excited by a transmitter, and its amplitude and phase can be independently adjusted.
  • radio resources are allocated in units of antenna ports.
  • Each antenna port is composed of several physical antenna elements, all of which carry the same information.
  • the antenna elements, rather than the antenna port are given by the protocol.
  • the pattern of the antenna elements is divided into horizontal and vertical directions, and they are all modeled as a quadratic function. In the protocol, the direction of the vertical direction of a single antenna element is set to:
  • ⁇ 3dB represents the 3dB beamwidth in the vertical direction
  • SLA V represents the maximum attenuation of the antenna element in the vertical direction
  • the protocol states that in an antenna array, every K antennas will form an antenna port, each of which will be weighted by a precoding ⁇ m .
  • a column of M antenna elements in the antenna array will be formed into one antenna port, and the entire antenna array has N ports.
  • Figure 2 shows a case where an antenna port transmits a signal to a user after precoding ⁇ m weighting.
  • the precoding recommended in the protocol is used at this time:
  • ⁇ is the carrier wavelength
  • m is the serial number of the antenna element
  • d v is the row spacing of the array.
  • ⁇ is the pi
  • ⁇ etilt is the electron downtilt defined between 0° and 180°, where 90° is expressed in the plane of the antenna array.
  • the precoding ⁇ m used by the antenna elements in the same antenna port has the same electronic downtilt angle ⁇ etilt .
  • Such precoding makes the phase of each antenna element gradually change.
  • We set the phase of the mth antenna element to be offset (exp(-j(m-1) ⁇ d V ), so the gain effect of the entire antenna port can be expressed.
  • the precoding ⁇ m used can be compared with the assumed phase difference exp(-j(m-1) ⁇ d V )
  • Figure 3 is a model diagram of the entire system.
  • This is a single-cell versatile downlink MIMO system with a base station equipped with a two-dimensional antenna array and Num u users, all equipped with an omnidirectional antenna.
  • x i and y i as the relative distances of the i-th user to the base station in the system on the x-axis and the y-axis of the horizontal plane, respectively, and set the heights of the base station and the user i to h 0 and h i , respectively .
  • Let the user's apex angle ⁇ z be the angle of the z-axis positive semi-axial base station to the user's direct vision path in the figure, which ranges from 0° to 180°, and according to the geometric relationship
  • the apex angle ⁇ z can be calculated from the geographic location of the user, ie
  • the three-dimensional distribution of the user in the new scene is also proposed in the protocol.
  • all users had a height of 1.5 m.
  • it is difficult to perform three-dimensional beamforming because the users are too close together in the pitch angle domain to effectively distinguish the beams.
  • the user is still evenly distributed in the horizontal plane as before, but now only 20% of the users are in outdoor users, and the height is 1.5m.
  • Other indoors are considered to be in high-rise buildings.
  • the maximum number of floors in each building is evenly distributed within a certain range, and indoor users are evenly distributed in different heights of the building.
  • the user's location is limited to a certain area, including the minimum distance from the base station, the maximum distance from the base station, the minimum height of the user, and the maximum height of the user.
  • the distribution of the user's apex angle ⁇ z can be calculated, and the probability density function f ⁇ ( ⁇ z ) can be obtained.
  • the base station uses one antenna port to serve one user and simultaneously schedules multiple users.
  • SINR received signal to interference and noise ratio
  • the received power of the useful signal should be amplified as much as possible.
  • the characteristics of the antenna port pattern composed of antenna elements can be known as the precoded power used by this antenna port.
  • the subtilt angle and the apex angle of the user serving this antenna should have the following relationship: the power to receive the useful signal is maximum:
  • the main lobe of the antenna port pattern will be aligned to the service user, and the useful signal gain is the largest, which is obviously optimal when the base station only serves a single user.
  • the signals between different users will cause interference between users when serving multiple users.
  • the signal to interference and noise ratio is also the largest. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the power of the interference while maintaining a large signal power, so that the user SINR can be maximized.
  • the main lobe is very similar to the quadratic function. Therefore, using the characteristics of the quadratic function - in the middle region is gentle and steep on both sides, we can reduce the interference by adjusting the downtilt angle of the antenna port.
  • the electronic downtilt angle is shifted by a small angle on the original basis, called the adjustment angle.
  • ⁇ which is characterized by the antenna port pattern, shows that this will cause the signal power received by the user to be slightly reduced and the received interference signal to be greatly attenuated.
  • the program is expressed by a formula
  • the sign indicates the adjustment of the original apex angle
  • the direction of adjustment is the direction away from the inclination angle of other users.
  • the electronic downtilt angle will have an optimal value to maximize the user's signal to interference and noise ratio according to the location and top angle of the service user.
  • the configuration M of the base station antenna has a great influence on the performance of the three-dimensional beamforming. Therefore, the value of M will have an optimal value according to the distribution characteristics of the user in the scene.
  • the user scheduling algorithm has a great influence on the user.
  • the optimal user scheduling algorithm is determined by the distribution of the user in the scene, and the optimal user scheduling algorithm conforms to a certain objective function.
  • the optimal base station configuration and optimal electronic downtilt are related to the optimal user scheduling algorithm.
  • Figure 4 is a simulation diagram of the cumulative distribution function of the wideband signal to interference and noise ratio of the system under different downtilt schemes. If the shot S is a set of scheduled users then the broadband SINR of the user i can be expressed
  • Broadband SINR is an important indicator of system performance.
  • Figure 5 is a graph comparing the cumulative probability density of system user averages and rates for different antenna configurations.
  • the antenna configuration M achieves the optimal system performance at a certain value, and this value is the optimal M value.
  • the system performance improvement is very large compared with the conventionally used antenna port (AP).
  • AP conventionally used antenna port
  • the scheme is determined by multiple factors. The global optimal solution of the scheme will be to use the optimal antenna configuration under the optimal user scheduling algorithm, while using the most advantageous electronic downtilt.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conception pour conformation de faisceaux tridimensionnelle dans un système 3D multiutilisateurs à entrées et sorties multiples (MIMO). Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: 1) d'après un modèle de répartition d'utilisateurs dans une scène 3D, calculer une fonction de densité de probabilité d'angles au sommet d'une station de base à des diamètres de vision directe d'utilisateurs, et concevoir un algorithme de programmation multiutilisateurs dans un système MIMO multiutilisateurs d'après la fonction de densité de probabilité des angles au sommet; 2) lorsque la station de base envoie des signaux aux utilisateurs, chaque prise d'antenne dans un réseau plan d'antennes configuré de celle-ci desservant un utilisateur individuel, des pré-codes appliqués à toutes les prises d'antennes étant des pré-codes suggérés dans une norme du projet de partenariat pour la 3ème génération (3GPP), et les utilisateurs desservis étant sélectionnés parmi tous les utilisateurs via l'algorithme de programmation multiutilisateurs; et 3) faire décider par l'algorithme conçu de programmation multiutilisateurs, des configurations du réseau plan d'antennes de la station de base, et faire décider, par la configurations adopté du réseau d'antennes de la station de base, un angle d'inclinaison électronique vers le bas utilisé dans chaque pré-code appliqué à chaque prise d'antenne, atteignant ainsi l'objectif de maximiser enfin le débit du système. La présente invention améliore considérablement les performances d'ensemble du système 3D-MIMO.
PCT/CN2014/092049 2014-10-27 2014-11-24 Procédé de conception pour conformation de faisceaux tridimensionnelle dans un système 3d multiutilisateurs à entrées et sorties multiples (mimo) WO2016065683A1 (fr)

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CN104779986B (zh) * 2015-04-07 2018-07-17 西安交通大学 3d-mimo系统中应用三维波束赋形的多小区间干扰协调方法
CN106452536B (zh) * 2015-08-07 2019-09-06 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 用于多输入多输出通信的长期反馈的方法和装置
CN116321202A (zh) * 2017-03-08 2023-06-23 索尼公司 无线通信系统中的电子设备和方法
US11283502B2 (en) * 2018-10-17 2022-03-22 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Position likelihood based beamformer optimization
CN110649946B (zh) * 2019-10-21 2020-12-25 东南大学 3d大规模mimo广覆盖预编码传输方法

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CN108039898B (zh) * 2017-11-30 2021-01-29 华北电力大学（保定） 一种全维度天线异构网垂直维度波束成形方法

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