一种化合物及其制备方法以及美登素DM1的制备方法Compound, preparation method thereof and preparation method of maytansin DM1
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种化合物的制备方法,尤其涉及美登素DM1的制备方法以及制备美登素DM1的中间体化合物的制备方法。The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound, in particular to a preparation method of maytansine DM1 and a preparation method of an intermediate compound for preparing maytansin DM1.
背景技术Background technique
Kadcyla(ado-trastuzumabemtansine,(I)),是罗氏制药开发的抗体药物偶联物,由曲妥珠单抗和小分子微管抑制剂美登素DM1(II)偶联而成,用于治疗HER-2阳性晚期转移性乳腺癌。Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumabemtansine, (I)), an antibody drug conjugate developed by Roche Pharmaceuticals, coupled with trastuzumab and the small molecule microtubule inhibitor maytansin DM1 (II) for treatment HER-2 positive late metastatic breast cancer.
US6333410公开了一种以安斯菌素P3(简称AP3)为起始原料制备美登素DM1的方法。该方法第一步通过还原化水解反应得到美登醇;第二步经由美登醇与双巯基基N-甲基丙氨酸发生酯化反应得到100%差向异构化的双巯基基中间体;第三步为柱层析得到C3为S构型的双巯基中间体;第四步再进行还原得到美登素DM1。步骤一中以安斯菌素P3还原水解得到美登醇,最优选的反应条件需要在氮气保护下,-37℃到-45℃之间控温三小时以上,这对于中试合成造成很大的不便,提升了生产成本,限制了该方法在生产上的应用。
US6333410 discloses a process for preparing maytansin DM1 starting from anacin sp. P3 (abbreviated as AP3). The first step of the method is to obtain maytansinol by reductive hydrolysis reaction; the second step is to carry out esterification reaction of maytansinol with bis-indenyl N-methylalanine to obtain 100% epimerized dimercapto group intermediate The third step is column chromatography to obtain a bis-indenyl intermediate with C3 in the S configuration; the fourth step is followed by reduction to obtain maytansin DM1. In step 1, the oxidative hydrolysis of anacin C3 is carried out to obtain maytansinol. The most preferred reaction conditions are controlled under nitrogen gas, and the temperature is controlled between -37 ° C and -45 ° C for more than three hours, which is very large for the pilot synthesis. The inconvenience increases the production cost and limits the application of the method in production.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种反应条件温和的美登素DM1的制备方法以及美登素DM1的中间体化合物及其制备方法。An object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of maytansin DM1 having mild reaction conditions, an intermediate compound of maytansin DM1 and a preparation method thereof.
一种化合物,其化学结构式如下:A compound whose chemical structural formula is as follows:
其中R选自乙基、叔丁基、甲氧基酰基甲基、-(CH2)nOH(n=1,2,3,4)中的任意一种。Wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, t-butyl, methoxymethylmethyl, and -(CH 2 ) n OH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4).
一种制备化合物的方法,其以AP3为原料,以LiAl(t-BuO)3H为还原剂制得美登醇,然后美登醇与谷氨酸5-苄酯N-羧基环内酸酐(NCA)发生酯化反应,在缩合剂存在条件下与化合物COOH(CH2)2SSR反应制得下述化合物1,其中R选自乙基、叔丁基、甲氧基酰基甲基、-(CH2)nOH(n=1,2,3,4)中的任意一种,其反应式为:
A method for preparing a compound, which comprises using AP3 as a raw material, using LiAl(t-BuO) 3 H as a reducing agent to obtain maytansinol, and then a phenanthryl acid and a 5-benzyl glutamate N-carboxycyclolactone ( NCA) undergoes an esterification reaction, and reacts with the compound COOH(CH 2 ) 2 SSR in the presence of a condensing agent to obtain the following compound 1, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, t-butyl, methoxyacylmethyl, -( CH 2 ) n OH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4), the reaction formula is:
一种美登素DM1的制备方法,由下述化合物1经还原反应制得,A preparation method of maytansine DM1, which is prepared by the following compound 1 by reduction reaction,
其中R选自乙基、叔丁基、甲氧基酰基甲基、-(CH2)nOH(n=1,2,3,4)的任意一种。Wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, t-butyl, methoxymethylmethyl, and -(CH 2 ) n OH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4).
本发明的制备美登素DM1的方法中,以AP3为原料,以LiAl(t-BuO)3H为还原剂制得美登醇,使得生成美登醇的反应过程更加温和,美登素DM1的产率高达91%。
In the method for preparing maytansin DM1 of the present invention, by using AP3 as a raw material and using LiAl(t-BuO) 3 H as a reducing agent, maytansinol is obtained, so that the reaction process for producing maytansinol is milder, mayonidin DM1 The yield is as high as 91%.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结和具体实施方式对本发明的美登素DM1的制备方法以及美登素DM1的中间体化合物及其制备方法作进一步详细说明。The following is a detailed description of the preparation method of the maytansin DM1 of the present invention and the intermediate compound of maytansin DM1 and a preparation method thereof.
下述具体实施方式中,核磁共振由Bruker AMX-400型和INVOA-600型核磁共振仪测定,其中以TMS为内标,化学位移单位为ppm;柱层析用青岛海洋化工厂生产的200-300目硅胶;TLC硅胶板为烟台化工厂生产的HSGF-254型薄层层析预制板;石油醚沸程为60-90℃。In the following specific embodiments, nuclear magnetic resonance is measured by Bruker AMX-400 and INVOA-600 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in which TMS is used as an internal standard, the chemical shift unit is ppm; and column chromatography is performed by Qingdao Ocean Chemical Plant. 300 mesh silica gel; TLC silica gel plate is HSGF-254 thin layer chromatography precast plate produced by Yantai Chemical Plant; petroleum ether boiling range is 60-90 °C.
一种用于制备美登素DM1的方法,其包括以下步骤:A method for preparing maytansin DM1, comprising the steps of:
步骤一:以AP3为原料制备美登醇。向配有温度计和滴液漏斗的反应瓶中加入100g AP3,然后将500ml无水四氢呋喃加入到反应瓶中,在-10℃到10℃氮气保护下,滴加浓度为1mol/L的LiAl(t-BuO)3H四氢呋喃溶液。待LiAl(t-BuO)3H四氢呋喃溶液滴加完毕,反应液控制在-10℃到10℃,搅拌2到5小时,反应液进一步冷却到0℃到4℃,滴加150ml水。水滴加完后,反应液在-10℃到10℃的温度条件下,搅拌30分钟,然后加入200ml含有质量分数为1%甲酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,待充分反应后,经过滤除去白色沉淀物,将滤液浓缩得白色泡沫固体,然后在甲醇/二氯甲烷1%到4%梯度下进行柱层析,得到白色固体状的66g美登醇,产率为87%。Step 1: Prepare maytansinol from AP3. Add 100 g of AP3 to the reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and a dropping funnel, then add 500 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran to the reaction flask, and add LiAl at a concentration of 1 mol/L under nitrogen protection at -10 ° C to 10 ° C. -BuO) 3 H tetrahydrofuran solution. After the dropwise addition of LiAl(t-BuO) 3 H tetrahydrofuran solution, the reaction solution was controlled at -10 ° C to 10 ° C, stirred for 2 to 5 hours, and the reaction liquid was further cooled to 0 ° C to 4 ° C, and 150 ml of water was added dropwise. After the addition of water droplets, the reaction solution was stirred at a temperature of -10 ° C to 10 ° C for 30 minutes, and then 200 ml of an ethyl acetate solution containing 1% by weight of formic acid was added. After sufficient reaction, the white precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to give a white solid.m.
步骤二:制备美登素中间体化合物1。美登醇与NCA发生酯化反应,在缩合剂存在条件下与化合物R取代的3-双巯基丙酸反应得到化合物1,其中R选自乙基、叔丁基、甲氧基酰基甲基、-(CH2)nOH(n=1,2,3,4),其反应式为:
Step 2: Preparation of maytansin intermediate compound 1. The esterification reaction of maytansin with NCA is carried out by reacting with compound R-substituted 3-bismercaptopropionic acid in the presence of a condensing agent to obtain compound 1, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, t-butyl, methoxymethylmethyl, -(CH 2 ) n OH(n=1,2,3,4), the reaction formula is:
具体地,将由步骤一的方法制得的120g美登醇溶解在120ml无水四氢呋喃和6mL无水DMF中,然后再加入22ml N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),14gNCA和200g三氟甲磺酸锌。上述混合物在室温、氮气保护的条件下搅拌15到40小时,然后加入1L乙酸乙酯和1L饱和的NaHCO3水溶液;分液;用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤以去除乙酸乙酯,然后再用无水MgSO4干燥,浓缩得150g粗产品;将39g 3-(叔丁基二巯基)丙酸溶解在600mL无水DMF中,将上述150g粗产品和25g缩合剂1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)加入上述600mL无水DMF溶液中,反应液在室温下搅拌2到4小时,加入适量乙酸乙酯和水进行分液,有机层用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤,再用10%的柠檬酸水溶液和饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,拉干,粗产品在甲醇/二氯甲烷0%到4%梯度下进行柱层析纯化,得到27g结构式如下式化合物1(R=叔丁基)的白色固体产物。该白色固体产物为美登素中间体化合物,其核磁数据为:Specifically, 120 g of maytansin prepared by the method of the first step was dissolved in 120 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and 6 mL of anhydrous DMF, and then 22 ml of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), 14 g of NCA and 200 g of three were added. Zinc fluoromethanesulfonate. The mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 15 to 40 hours, then 1 L of ethyl acetate and 1 L of saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 was added ; fractions; washed with saturated NaCl solution to remove ethyl acetate and then anhydrous MgSO. 4, dried and concentrated to give 150 g of crude product; 39 g of 3-(tert-butyldidecyl)propionic acid was dissolved in 600 mL of anhydrous DMF, and the above 150 g of crude product and 25 g of condensing agent 1-ethyl-(3-dimethyl Aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) is added to the above 600 mL of anhydrous DMF solution, and the reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 2 to 4 hours, and an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and water are added for liquid separation, and the organic layer is saturated with NaHCO. 3 The solution was washed, washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, and dried. The crude product was purified by column chromatography under a gradient of methanol/dichloromethane from 0% to 4% to give 27 g of compound 1 R = tert-butyl) as a white solid product. The white solid product is a maytansin intermediate compound whose nuclear magnetic data is:
1H NMR(400MHz,CHLOROFORM-d)d ppm 0.81(s,3H)1.22(s,9H)1.26-1.35(m,7H)1.43-1.52(m,1H)1.56(d,J=13.45Hz,1H)1.65(s,3H)2.14-2.22(m,1H)2.57-2.70(m,2H)2.72-3.00(m,6H)3.01-3.14(m,2H)3.26(s,3H)3.37(s,3H)3.45(brs,1H)3.41-3.54(m,1H)3.68(d,J=12.72Hz,1H)3.99(s,3H)4.28(t,J=10.51Hz,1H)4.78(dd,J=11.98,2.93Hz,1H)5.43(d,J=6.85Hz,1H)5.66(dd,J=15.28,8.93Hz,1H)6.36(s,1H)6.44(dd,J=15.28,11.13Hz,1H)6.65(s,1H)6.75(d,J=11.00Hz,1H)6.79-6.87(m,1H)。
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) d ppm 0.81 (s, 3H) 1.22 (s, 9H) 1.26-1.35 (m, 7H) 1.43-1.52 (m, 1H) 1.56 (d, J = 13.45 Hz, 1H) 1.65(s,3H)2.14-2.22(m,1H)2.57-2.70(m,2H)2.72-3.00(m,6H)3.01-3.14(m,2H)3.26(s,3H)3.37(s,3H) 3.45(brs,1H)3.41-3.54(m,1H)3.68(d,J=12.72Hz,1H)3.99(s,3H)4.28(t,J=10.51Hz,1H)4.78(dd,J=11.98, 2.93 Hz, 1H) 5.43 (d, J = 6.85 Hz, 1H) 5.66 (dd, J = 15.28, 8.93 Hz, 1H) 6.36 (s, 1H) 6.44 (dd, J = 15.28, 11.13 Hz, 1H) 6.65 ( s, 1H) 6.75 (d, J = 11.00 Hz, 1H) 6.79-6.87 (m, 1H).
具体地,将步骤二中的缩合剂EDCI改为N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),将3-(叔丁基二巯基)丙酸改为3-(甲氧基酰基甲基二巯基)丙酸进行缩合,得到结构为下式的化合物1的美登素中间体化合物,其核磁数据为:Specifically, the condensing agent EDCI in step two is changed to N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and 3-(tert-butyldidecyl)propionic acid is changed to 3-(methoxy acyl group). Condensation of propionic acid to obtain a maytansin intermediate compound of compound 1 having the following formula, the nuclear magnetic data of which is:
1H NMR(400MHz,CHLOROFORM-d)d ppm 0.81(s,3H)1.28-1.35(m,10H)1.44-1.52(m,1H)1.58(d,J=13.20Hz,1H)1.66(s 3H)2.20(dd,J=14.55,3.06Hz,1H)2.80-3.07(m,10H)3.25(s,2H)3.34-3.43(m,4H)3.50(s,3H)3.61-3.78(m,2H)4.0(s,3H)4.13-4.22(m,2H)4.25-4.34(m,1H)4.73-4.89(m,1H)5.38-5.50(m,1H)5.61-5.72(m,1H)6.44(dd,J=15.41,11.25Hz,1H)6.56-6.78(m,3H)6.84(s,1H)。1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) d ppm 0.81 (s, 3H) 1.28-1.35 (m, 10H) 1.44-1.52 (m, 1H) 1.58 (d, J = 13.20 Hz, 1H) 1.66 (s 3H) 2.20 (dd, J = 14.5, 3.06 Hz, 1H) 2.80 - 3.07 (m, 10H) 3.25 (s, 2H) 3.34 - 3.43 (m, 4H) 3.50 (s, 3H) 3.61-3.78 (m, 2H) 4.0 ( s,3H)4.13-4.22(m,2H)4.25-4.34(m,1H)4.73-4.89(m,1H)5.38-5.50(m,1H)5.61-5.72(m,1H)6.44(dd,J= 15.41, 11.25 Hz, 1H) 6.56-6.78 (m, 3H) 6.84 (s, 1H).
另外,在不改变缩合剂EDCI的条件下,将3-(叔丁基二巯基)丙酸改成3-(乙基二巯基)丙酸可制得R为乙基的化合物1,将3-(叔丁基二巯基)丙酸改成3-(羟甲基二巯基)丙酸可制得R为羟甲基的化合物1,相应地可以制得R为(CH2)nOH的化合物1。Further, by changing 3-(tert-butyldidecyl)propionic acid to 3-(ethyldidecyl)propionic acid without changing the condensing agent EDCI, Compound 1 wherein R is an ethyl group can be obtained, and 3- (tert-butyl-dimercapto-yl) propionic acid into 3- (hydroxymethyl-dimercapto-yl) propanoic acid compound can be prepared R 1 is a hydroxymethyl group, can be prepared accordingly R is (CH2) n OH compound 1.
步骤三:将8.6g Tris[2-羧乙基]盐酸膦(TCEP·HCl)溶解在50mL的0.1M/L的磷酸钾缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),将上一步得到的50g化合物1(R=叔丁基)溶解在150mL三氟乙醇中,加入上述磷酸钾缓冲溶液,反应液搅拌15到45分钟,然后浓缩掉大部分三氟乙醇溶液,剩余反应液加入200mL乙酸乙酯,再用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,拉干,得白色固体,在甲醇/二氯甲
烷0%到4%梯度下柱层析纯化,得到42g美登素DM1,美登素DM1产率为91%。Step 3: Dissolve 8.6 g of Tris[2-carboxyethyl]phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP·HCl) in 50 mL of a 0.1 M/L potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4), and obtain 50 g of Compound 1 obtained in the previous step ( R = tert-butyl) dissolved in 150 mL of trifluoroethanol, added to the above potassium phosphate buffer solution, the reaction was stirred for 15 to 45 minutes, then concentrated most of the trifluoroethanol solution, the remaining reaction solution was added to 200 mL of ethyl acetate, and then used The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and dried to give a white solid.
Purification by column chromatography on a 0% to 4% gradient of alkane afforded 42 g of mayonidin DM1 with a yield of 91%.
本发明以AP3为原料,以LiAl(t-BuO)3H为还原剂制得美登醇,使得生成美登醇的反应过程更加温和,美登素DM1的产率高达91%。The invention uses AP3 as a raw material and uses LiAl(t-BuO) 3 H as a reducing agent to obtain maytansin, so that the reaction process for producing maytansinol is more mild, and the yield of maytansin DM1 is as high as 91%.
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.