WO2016058417A1 - 基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 - Google Patents

基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2016058417A1
WO2016058417A1 PCT/CN2015/083463 CN2015083463W WO2016058417A1 WO 2016058417 A1 WO2016058417 A1 WO 2016058417A1 CN 2015083463 W CN2015083463 W CN 2015083463W WO 2016058417 A1 WO2016058417 A1 WO 2016058417A1
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content
application
network
cdn
unit
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PCT/CN2015/083463
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王东
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/518,490 priority Critical patent/US10999215B2/en
Priority to EP15850921.6A priority patent/EP3193489B1/en
Priority to JP2017519538A priority patent/JP6503575B2/ja
Priority to KR1020177012807A priority patent/KR101962620B1/ko
Publication of WO2016058417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016058417A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
    • H04L47/803—Application aware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0894—Policy-based network configuration management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/40—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
    • H04L47/783—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/83—Admission control; Resource allocation based on usage prediction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/756—Media network packet handling adapting media to device capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
    • H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
    • H04L67/1008—Server selection for load balancing based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/321—Interlayer communication protocols or service data unit [SDU] definitions; Interfaces between layers

Definitions

  • This paper relates to content distribution technology, especially a method and system for implementing a content distribution network (CDN) based on a software-defined network (SDN) in a loosely coupled mode.
  • CDN content distribution network
  • SDN software-defined network
  • SDN is a new network technology emerging in recent years. Its main features are control and forwarding separation, network open programmable, and software and hardware separation. SDN enables traditional communication network devices to be freed from proprietary hardware binding, to the direction of custom software based on common hardware platforms, and to realize network function virtualization, network management simplification and network deployment automation through an open programming interface. Therefore, compared with the traditional network function implementation and engineering implementation, equipment cost, labor cost and deployment time are greatly saved. According to the architecture hierarchy, SDN is basically divided into three levels from top to bottom: application layer, control layer and data layer.
  • the application layer of SDN currently defined is mainly positioned to provide high-level abstraction of network applications and network service orchestration.
  • the SDN application layer can perform network resource application and service orchestration according to user application request--the SDN application layer provides application programming interface (API, Application Programming) through external representation and state transfer (REST, Representational State Transfer). Interface) call (Arctic interface) to implement customized application functions for external customers to achieve virtualized network application
  • API Application programming interface
  • REST Representational State Transfer
  • Interface Application programming interface
  • the SDN application layer provides a network API interface call (Northbound interface) with the SDN controller through REST, and performs resource application to the SDN control layer to implement the virtualized network service function.
  • CDN Compared with SDN, CDN is a relatively mature technology used to provide distribution and acceleration of media content such as web pages and videos for Internet or telecom private networks. Its main feature is to multi-level cache media content for users. Provide the nearest service to provide users with a better quality of experience.
  • the functions of the CDN mainly include two parts: content distribution and content delivery.
  • the basic functions include content distribution/delivery, scheduling/control, storage/cache, and media services.
  • the basic functions include content distribution/delivery, scheduling/control, storage/cache, and media services.
  • the ITU-T, ETSI, 3GPP, IETF and other international standards organizations and CCSA and other industry standards organizations have CDN related definitions and standard specifications for carrying IP network protocol television (IPTV), cable network television (CATV), Internet TV (OTT TV) and mobile streaming media.
  • IPTV IP network protocol television
  • CATV cable network television
  • OTT TV Internet TV
  • mobile streaming media mobile streaming media.
  • CDN As the service network must exist as an overlay and adhere to the ability of the underlying bearer network; at the same time, the server, storage/cache required by the CDN solution And media service Servers use proprietary hardware (such as blade servers/ATCA architecture servers, etc.), which are highly dependent on the hardware architecture and have no versatility; in addition, CDNs have higher network performance requirements (such as network bandwidth).
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for implementing a CDN based on SDN, which can effectively solve the problem of the closedness of the bearer network, the specificity of the hardware, and the complexity of management faced by the CDN.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a CDN based on an SDN, including: an application unit, an orchestration unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit in the SDN;
  • the application unit includes: a request module and an operation module; wherein
  • the requesting module is configured to add a complete service logic function of the CDN, and when receiving the CDN application request, send a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request to the orchestration unit;
  • the operation module is configured to perform related operations according to the content distribution request or the media access request after receiving the information of completing the reservation application;
  • the orchestration unit includes: a resource collaboration module and an orchestration feedback module; wherein
  • the resource cooperation module is configured to receive a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request, perform service scheduling according to related information of the SDN network, and send the required resource to the control unit according to the service orchestration. Reservation application;
  • the scheduling feedback module is configured to: after completing the reservation request for the required resource, feed back information about the reserved application of the required resource to the application unit;
  • the control unit is configured to allocate resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and determine the content distribution and the content delivery path according to the network load balancing and routing status; after obtaining the resources required for the CDN application, forwarding the relevant policies according to the SDN control plane Creating a data link layer L2 and a network layer L3 forwarding table, and sending the data to the data forwarding unit; and feeding back a reservation request for completing the required resources to the orchestration unit;
  • the data forwarding unit includes an SDN data forwarding related network device, configured to store related data of the CDN application according to the allocated resources of the CDN application, according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables determined by the control unit, in the application unit Data forwarding is performed when related operations are performed.
  • the related operations include: content distribution, content caching, content routing, and content delivery corresponding to a content distribution request or a media access request.
  • the operation module includes: a distribution submodule, a cache submodule, a delivery submodule, and a routing submodule; wherein
  • the distribution sub-module is configured to, after receiving the information of completing the reservation application, extract the content stored in the content database according to the preset distribution policy, and then inject the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network according to the content distribution request;
  • the cache sub-module is configured to receive the content of the content distribution node for caching; according to the caching policy, the content accessed by the user terminal is pre-cached in the content cache node of the CDN network to quickly provide the hot content to the neighboring Content delivery node and user terminal use;
  • the delivery sub-module is configured to extract content in the content caching node according to the media access request, and provide the content delivery node to the content delivery node of the CDN network for content streaming, and transmit the content to the user terminal;
  • the routing sub-module is configured to dynamically establish a network link between the content distribution node and the content caching node according to the load balancing policy and the content distribution path policy; and dynamically, the user according to the load balancing policy and the content delivery path policy
  • the terminal establishes a network link with the content delivery node.
  • the application unit further includes a load balancing module configured to dynamically provide a server node that provides a media service to the user terminal according to the real-time load condition of the content delivery node; and dynamically determine a node of the content cache according to a content load distribution situation;
  • the network path of the content distribution is dynamically determined according to the content distribution path network condition;
  • the content delivery network path is dynamically determined according to the content delivery path network condition.
  • the orchestration unit further includes: an application support module, an application engine module, a management module, and an operation support module; wherein
  • the application support module is configured to receive a CDN application application for registration, and obtain application engine support information required by the CDN application;
  • the application engine module is configured to invoke a capability engine in the SDN network according to the application engine support information required by the CDN application to support the CDN application;
  • the management module is configured to manage a capability engine in the SDN network that is called to the CDN application and an application resource that satisfies the application of the CDN application; and in the case of supporting the service chain function, determine the called according to the access information defined in the service chain. Accessing the capability engine and related application resources in the SDN network and performing related operations;
  • the operation support module is configured to charge a resource allocated to the CDN application and a capability engine in the calling SDN network.
  • control unit is further configured to invoke a firewall to ensure security of access to nodes in the CDN network.
  • the application unit further includes an external application interface, configured to receive the CDN application request, and receive an external instruction, and adjust one or more of the following units: an application unit, an orchestration unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit. ;
  • the application unit and the orchestration unit are connected through the north pole interface;
  • the programming unit and the control unit are connected by a northbound interface
  • control unit and the data forwarding unit are connected through a southbound interface.
  • the delivery sub-module is configured to: extract content in the content cache node according to the media access request, and provide the content delivery node to the content delivery node of the CDN network, and package and package according to the streaming media transmission technology of the content delivery node, and Add information about content streaming.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for implementing a content distribution network CDN based on a software-defined network SDN, and adding a complete service logic function of the CDN at the SDN application layer, the method comprising:
  • the application unit When receiving the application for the CDN application, the application unit sends a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request to the orchestration unit;
  • the orchestration unit performs service scheduling according to the received resource requirement request and the service orchestration request, and combines relevant information of the SDN network; and sends a reserved application for the required resource to the control unit according to the service orchestration;
  • the control unit allocates resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and determines the content distribution and content delivery path according to the network load balancing and routing status; after obtaining the resources required for the CDN application, the data chain is created according to the SDN control plane forwarding related policy.
  • the layer L2 and the network layer L3 forward the table and send the data to the data forwarding unit;
  • the application unit After the control unit feeds back the information of the reservation request to the application unit, the application unit performs a related operation according to the received content distribution request or the media access request;
  • the data forwarding unit performs data forwarding according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables.
  • the related information of the SDN network includes: network topology information of the SDN network, network load balancing information, network routing information, and firewall deployment information.
  • the related operations include: content distribution, content caching, content routing, and content delivery corresponding to the content distribution request or the media access request.
  • the SDN data forwarding related network device comprises: an SDN data forwarding open flow OPENFLOW switch, an OPENFLOW router, an OPENFLOW gateway, an OPENFLOW storage server, and an OPENFLOW custom device.
  • the resources required for the CDN application include: access network resources, transmission network resources, and data center network resources required by the CDN application; and the forwarding related policies include: a hotspot distribution policy, a load balancing policy, and a content routing policy.
  • the application unit performs related operations, including:
  • the application unit After receiving the information of the reservation request, the application unit extracts the content stored in the content database according to the preset distribution policy, and then injects the content into the CDN network according to the preset distribution policy.
  • Content distribution node After receiving the information of the reservation request, the application unit extracts the content stored in the content database according to the preset distribution policy, and then injects the content into the CDN network according to the preset distribution policy.
  • the application unit receives the content of the content distribution node for caching; and pre-caches the content accessed by the user terminal in a content cache node of the CDN network according to the cache policy, to quickly provide the hot content to the adjacent content delivery node. And user terminal use;
  • the application unit extracts the content in the content cache node according to the media access request, and provides the content delivery node to the content delivery node of the CDN network for content streaming and transmits the content to the user terminal.
  • the method further includes:
  • a server node that provides a media service to the user terminal dynamically according to the real-time load situation of the content delivery node
  • the content delivery network path is dynamically determined based on the content delivery path network conditions.
  • the method further includes:
  • the orchestration unit receives the CDN application application for registration, and obtains application engine support information required for the CDN application;
  • the capability engine in the SDN network is invoked according to the application engine support information required by the CDN application to support the CDN application.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes: the control unit invokes a firewall on the node in the CDN network to ensure security of access to the node in the CDN network.
  • the cached content is: an entire file of the content, a fragment of the content file, or a data packet after the content file is streamed.
  • the content in the content cache node is extracted and provided to the content delivery node of the CDN network for content streaming and transmitted to the user terminal, including: extracting content in the content cache node and providing content delivery to the CDN network.
  • the node is packaged and packaged according to the streaming media transmission technology of the content delivery node, and related information of content streaming is added.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer readable storage medium storing program instructions, which can be implemented when the program instructions are executed.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: an application unit, a programming unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit in a software-defined network SDN; wherein the application unit includes: a request module and an operation module; The request module is configured to add a complete service logic function of the content distribution network CDN, and when receiving the CDN application request, send a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request to the orchestration unit; the operation module is configured to receive the information of completing the reservation application, according to the content Distributing the request or the media access request, and performing the related operations; the orchestration unit includes: a resource cooperation module and an orchestration feedback module; wherein the resource cooperation module is configured to receive the resource requirement request and the service scheduling request, and perform business scheduling according to the related information of the SDN network; Sending a reservation request for the required resource to the control unit according to the service orchestration; after the scheduling feedback module is set to complete the reservation request for the required resource, the feedback completes the information of the reserved application of the required
  • the L2 and L3 forwarding tables are created according to the forwarding policy of the SDN control plane, and are sent to the data forwarding unit; Completing the reservation request of the required resources to the orchestration unit; the data forwarding unit, including the SDN data forwarding related network device, is configured to store the relevant data of the CDN application according to the allocated resources of the CDN application, and determine the L2 according to the control unit. And the L3 forwarding table performs data forwarding when the application unit performs related operations.
  • the embodiment of the present invention implements a CDN system based on SDN, and allocates resources required for a CDN application through a CDN application application, and determines network distribution and content delivery path for network adjustment in combination with network load balancing and routing conditions, thereby effectively solving the CDN bearer network.
  • Closed, hardware special The complexity of attributes and management implements the planning, deployment, and resource allocation of resources and forwarding paths for CDN.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system structure for implementing a CDN based on SDN according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a CDN based on SDN according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system structure for implementing a CDN based on an SDN according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes: an SDN application unit, an orchestration unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit.
  • the application unit includes: a request module and an operation module; wherein
  • the requesting module is configured to add a complete service logic function of the CDN, and when receiving the CDN application request, send a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request to the orchestration unit;
  • the operation module is configured to perform related operations according to the content distribution request or the media access request after receiving the information of completing the reservation application.
  • the operation module includes: a distribution submodule, a cache submodule, a delivery submodule, and a routing submodule; wherein
  • the distribution sub-module is configured to, after receiving the information of completing the reservation application, extract the content stored in the content database according to the preset distribution policy, and then inject the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network according to the content distribution request;
  • the content database herein refers to a database for storing media content existing in the multimedia server of the related art, and also includes a corresponding file server for storing media files.
  • the cache submodule is configured to receive content of the content distribution node for caching; according to the cache
  • the policy pre-caches the content accessed by the user terminal in the content cache node of the CDN network to quickly provide the hot content to the neighboring content delivery node and the user terminal;
  • the content of the cache is: the entire file of the content, the fragmentation of the content file, or the data packet after the content file is streamed.
  • the content cache node generally appears in pairs with the content delivery node; when the cached content rises to the regional hot content, the hot content should be distributed to other distribution nodes in advance, or cached to other cache nodes.
  • the shard is mainly responsible for slicing the original content of the larger content according to the required granularity (such as 32KByes, 64Kbytes, 256KBytes, 512KBytes, 1MBytes, 2MBytes, 4MBytes, 8MBytes, 16MBytes, 32MBytes, 64Mbytes, etc.) for easy processing. Parallel transfer and distributed storage.
  • the delivery sub-module is configured to extract content in the content caching node according to the media access request, and provide the content delivery node to the content delivery node of the CDN network for content streaming, and transmit the content to the user terminal;
  • the delivery sub-module is configured to extract content in the content cache node and provide the content delivery node to the CDN network according to the media access request, package and package according to the streaming media transmission technology of the content delivery node, and perform content streaming. Related information is added.
  • the selection of streaming media transmission technologies (such as IETF RTP, MPEG TS, MPEG DASH, MPEG MMT, etc.) is selected according to the content delivery node, and the related information of content streaming includes: filling in the required serial number and time Information such as stamps to ensure that packets transmitted over the network after streaming can be efficiently parsed and restored even if they are not received sequentially by the receiving end.
  • time Information such as stamps
  • the routing sub-module is configured to dynamically establish a network link (such as an IP network connection) for the content distribution node and the content cache node according to the load balancing policy and the content distribution path policy; and dynamically serve the user according to the load balancing policy and the content delivery path policy.
  • the terminal and the content delivery node establish a network link.
  • the content delivery path should be evaluated based on the principle of overall efficiency and cost (such as flow ⁇ price); for the content distribution part of the content distribution, under the premise of meeting efficiency, it is mainly to measure the traffic cost; Content routing, mainly to measure network performance and body Quality inspection; content routing may have multiple reachable routes due to file fragmentation and distributed storage, etc., and can be dynamically adjusted according to the underlying network topology information provided by SDN.
  • overall efficiency and cost such as flow ⁇ price
  • the load balancing strategy refers to how the load allocates resources, and when the load exceeds a predetermined threshold (such as 60%-70%), load sharing is required; the path policy should be the path optimal strategy, and the path is optimal. It may be the shortest path, the lowest cost, etc.
  • the preset distribution policy, the cache policy, the load balancing policy, the content distribution path policy, and the content delivery path policy are policies obtained according to analysis and analysis by those skilled in the art, according to different CDN application requirements and SDN networks. , the engine, etc. can make actual adjustments.
  • Related operations include: content distribution, content caching, content routing, and content delivery corresponding to content distribution requests or media access requests.
  • the application unit further includes a load balancing module configured to dynamically provide the server node of the content delivery node to the user terminal according to the real-time load condition of the content delivery node; dynamically determining the content cache according to the content load distribution situation The node; dynamically determines the network path of the content distribution according to the content distribution path network condition; dynamically determines the content delivery network path according to the content delivery path network condition.
  • a load balancing module configured to dynamically provide the server node of the content delivery node to the user terminal according to the real-time load condition of the content delivery node; dynamically determining the content cache according to the content load distribution situation The node; dynamically determines the network path of the content distribution according to the content distribution path network condition; dynamically determines the content delivery network path according to the content delivery path network condition.
  • dynamic adjustment cannot be implemented due to the nature of the CDN network.
  • dynamic adjustment can be realized by utilizing the nature of the SDN network.
  • the orchestration unit includes: a resource collaboration module and an orchestration feedback module; wherein
  • the resource cooperation module is configured to receive a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request, perform service scheduling according to related information of the SDN network, and send a reserved application for the required resource to the control unit according to the service orchestration;
  • the combination here refers to a process set by a person skilled in the art according to actual conditions, for example, using network topology information to judge the available state of the network and selecting the most suitable network for configuration; using network load balancing information to assist the network path Select; use network routing information for network routing; use firewall deployment information to select firewall security strength.
  • the related information of the SDN network includes: network topology information of the SDN network, network load balancing information, network routing information, and firewall deployment information.
  • the scheduling feedback module is configured to, after completing the resource reservation application, feed back the information of the resource reservation application to the application unit.
  • the orchestration unit further includes: an application support module, an application engine module, a management module, and an operation support module; wherein
  • the application support module is configured to receive a CDN application application for registration, and obtain application engine support information required by the CDN application;
  • the application engine module is configured to invoke a capability engine in the SDN network according to the application engine support information required by the CDN application to support the CDN application;
  • the management module is configured to manage a capability engine in the SDN network that is called to the CDN application and an application resource that satisfies the application of the CDN application; and in the case of supporting the service chain function, determine the called according to the access information defined in the service chain. Accessing the capability engine and related application resources in the SDN network and performing related operations;
  • the operation support module is configured to charge a resource allocated to the CDN application and a capability engine in the calling SDN network.
  • the control unit is configured to allocate resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and determine the content distribution and the content delivery path according to the network load balancing and routing status; after obtaining the resources required for the CDN application, forwarding the relevant policies according to the SDN control plane
  • a data link layer (L2) and a network layer (L3) forwarding table are created and sent to the data forwarding unit; the feedback completes the resource reservation request to the orchestration unit.
  • the forwarding related policies include: a hotspot distribution policy, a content load balancing policy, and a network load balancing policy.
  • the L2 and L3 forwarding tables can be one table or two tables, as long as the information of L2 and L3 is included.
  • L2 and L3 forwarding tables are created according to the SDN control plane forwarding related policy, and the SDN control plane forwarding related policy belongs to the existing GT network policy information.
  • the control unit is also set up to invoke a firewall to secure the access to nodes in the CDN network.
  • the data forwarding unit includes an SDN data forwarding related network device, and is configured to store related data of the CDN application according to the allocated resources of the CDN application, and create an L2 and L3 forwarding table according to the SDN control plane forwarding related policy. Data forwarding is performed when the application unit performs related operations.
  • the SDN data forwarding related network device includes: SDN data forwarding OPENFLOW (open flow) switch, OPENFLOW router, OPENFLOW gateway, OPENFLOW storage server, OPENFLOW custom device (such as other devices that support OPENFLOW protocol).
  • the resources required for the CDN application include: access network resources, transmission network resources, and data center network resources required for the CDN application;
  • resources required for the CDN application are determined by path, bandwidth, traffic, storage space, duration, quality of service, service level, cost, and the like.
  • the application unit further includes an external application interface configured to receive a CDN application request; receive an external command, and adjust one or more of the following units: an application unit, an orchestration unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit;
  • the application unit and the orchestration unit are connected through the north pole interface;
  • the programming unit and the control unit are connected by a northbound interface
  • control unit and the data forwarding unit are connected through a southbound interface.
  • the embodiment of the invention implements the CDN system based on SDN, effectively solves the problem of the closedness of the CDN bearer network, the specificity of the hardware, and the complexity of management, and realizes the reasonable selection of the resources, engines and forwarding paths required by the CDN.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a CDN based on an SDN according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and adding a complete service logic function of a CDN in an SDN application layer, as shown in FIG. 2, includes:
  • Step 200 When the application unit receives the CDN application application, the application unit sends a resource requirement request and a service scheduling request to the orchestration unit.
  • Step 201 The scheduling unit performs service scheduling according to the received resource requirement request and the service scheduling request, and combines related information of the SDN network; and sends a reserved application for the required resource to the control unit according to the service orchestration;
  • the related information of the SDN network includes: network topology information of the SDN network, network load balancing information, network routing information, and firewall deployment information.
  • Step 202 The control unit allocates resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and determines the content distribution and the content delivery path according to the network load balancing and routing status. After obtaining the resources required for the CDN application, the control unit forwards the relevant policy according to the SDN control plane. Create a data link layer (L2) and a network layer (L3) forwarding table, and send the data to the data forwarding unit;
  • L2 data link layer
  • L3 network layer
  • Second determine the resources required for CDN applications mainly computing, storage, and network resources
  • the resources required for CDN applications mainly computing, storage, and network resources
  • the data link layer L2 and the network layer L3 forwarding table are created and sent to the data forwarding unit. Determining content distribution and content delivery paths can be considered part of the distribution of network resources.
  • the resources required for the CDN application include: access network resources, transmission network resources, and data center network resources required for the CDN application.
  • Forwarding related policies include: hotspot distribution policy, load balancing policy, and content routing policy.
  • Step 203 After the control unit feeds back the information of the reservation request to the application unit, the application unit performs a related operation according to the received content distribution request or the media access request.
  • the related operations include: content distribution, content caching, content routing, and content delivery corresponding to the content distribution request or the media access request.
  • Step 204 When the application unit performs the related operation, the data forwarding unit performs data forwarding according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables.
  • the application unit performs related operations including:
  • the application unit After receiving the information of the reservation request, the application unit extracts the content stored in the content database according to the preset distribution policy, and then injects the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network;
  • the application unit receives the content of the content distribution node for caching; and pre-caches the content accessed by the user terminal in a content cache node of the CDN network according to the cache policy, to quickly provide the hot content to the adjacent content delivery node. And user terminal use;
  • the content to be cached is: the entire file of the content, the fragmentation of the content file, or the data packet after the content file is streamed.
  • the application unit extracts content in the content cache node according to the media access request
  • the content delivery node that supplies the CDN network performs content streaming and transmits to the user terminal.
  • the method includes: extracting the content in the content cache node to the content delivery node of the CDN network according to the media access request, packaging and encapsulating according to the streaming media transmission technology of the content delivery node, and adding related information of the content streaming.
  • the SDN data forwarding related network equipment includes: OPENFLOW switch, OPENFLOW router, OPENFLOW gateway, OPENFLOW storage server, and OPENFLOW custom device (such as other devices supporting OPENFLOW protocol) for SDN data forwarding.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • a server node that provides a media service to the user terminal dynamically according to the real-time load situation of the content delivery node
  • the content delivery network path is dynamically determined based on the content delivery path network conditions.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention when the orchestration unit performs the service orchestration according to the received resource requirement request and the service orchestration request, and the related information of the SDN network, the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the orchestration unit receives the CDN application application for registration, and obtains application engine support information required for the CDN application;
  • the capability engine in the SDN network is invoked according to the application engine support information required by the CDN application to support the CDN application.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the SDN control unit invokes a firewall on the node in the CDN network to ensure security of access to the node in the CDN network.
  • the embodiment of the invention implements the CDN system based on SDN, effectively solves the problem of the closedness of the CDN bearer network, the specificity of the hardware, and the complexity of management, and realizes the reasonable selection of resources, engines and paths required by the CDN.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种基于SDN实现CDN的系统及方法，包括：在软件定义网络（SDN）应用层添加内容分发网络（CDN）的完整业务逻辑功能；还包括：应用单元接收到CDN应用申请时，向编排单元发送资源需求和业务编排请求；编排单元结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排，并向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请以获得所需资源，之后结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建L2和L3转发表下发给数据转发单元；应用单元根据内容分发或媒体访问请求执行相关操作，数据转发单元进行数据转发。

Description

基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 技术领域
本文涉及内容分发技术，尤指一种松耦合模式下的基于软件定义网络(SDN)实现内容分发网络(CDN)的方法及系统。
背景技术
SDN是近年来所涌现出的新的网络技术，其主要特点是控制和转发分离、网络开放可编程以及软件和硬件分离。SDN使传统通信网络设备得以从专属硬件绑定中解放出来、向基于通用硬件平台加定制软件的方向来发展，并通过开放的编程接口来实现网络功能虚拟化、网络管理简单化以及网络部署自动化，从而相比传统网络功能实现和工程实施大大节省设备成本、人力成本以及部署时间。按架构层次划分，SDN自顶向下基本上分成三个层次：应用层、控制层以及数据层。
目前，业界对于控制层以及数据层正在或者已经进行了大量的标准化工作，但对于应用层及其内部的构成，特别是如何对应用进行集成、管理、控制以及与其他已有应用结合以及融合等讨论较少，相对进展也比较缓慢。这将导致SDN在易用性、开放性、可编程性、可管理性、可运营性以及对已有应用的兼容、互通等方面能力的缺失，不利于SDN产业的健康发展，特别是在如何快速建立SDN开发者社区并吸引大量的SDN应用开发者集中到热点应用问题的解决、以及将已有网络中的主要应用向SDN技术迁移等方面，存在先天的障碍。
无论是开放网络基金会(ONF，Open Networking Foundation)标准组织还是ODL(Open Daylight，SDN控制器开源组织)，目前所定义的SDN的应用层主要被定位为提供网络应用以及网络业务编排等高度抽象功能，SDN应用层可根据用户应用请求来进行网络资源申请和业务编排——SDN应用层向上与外部用户通过表述性状态转移(REST，Representational State Transfer)方式提供应用程序编程接口(API，Application Programming Interface)调用(北极接口)，为外部客户实现定制化的应用功能，以实现虚拟化的网络应用功 能；SDN应用层向下与SDN控制器通过REST方式提供网络API接口调用(北向接口)，向SDN控制层进行资源申请，以实现虚拟化的网络业务功能。
从SDN应用层的角度来看，当前就其相关的技术研讨以及标准化工作大部分也均聚焦在SDN应用层与SDN控制层之间的北向接口方面。而在SDN的实际应用中，SDN对外提供的服务主要则是通过SDN应用层与其外部上层应用的接口(即北极接口，也称应用接口)以及SDN应用层内部的编排功能来实现的。与北极接口相关的功能需求以及与编排本身相关的功能需求尚没有被充分发掘出来，而与北极接口相关的上层业务以及使用北向接口的L4-L7业务或者未被讨论，或者仍处于早期的研讨中(如业务链应用)；特别是对于如何将已有网络业务基于SDN进行构建，尚没有开始进行研讨，这些也在一定程度上阻碍了SDN应用对其他已有应用的集成以及进而影响SDN应用以及SDN自身的发展。
更进一步地，对于业界已有应用(比如CDN、OTT、各种视频媒体等业务)如何充分借助SDN的架构，通过开放网络编程接口，更好地使用底层承载网络所提供的高效、高性能以及高性价比的虚拟网络功能来实现满足终端客户不断日益增长的对于服务质量的需求以及整体运维成本不断下降的需求，目前尚处于非常早期的初始讨论阶段，也没有明确的解决方案，而这也将制约现有业务向SDN的迁移步伐。
相对于SDN而言，CDN是一项比较成熟的技术，被用来为互联网或电信专用网络提供网页和视频等媒体内容的分发和加速，其主要特点是将媒体内容进行多级缓存并为用户提供就近服务，从而为用户提供较好的体验质量。
CDN的功能主要包括内容分发(Content Distribution)和内容交付(Content Delivery，也称媒体交付)两个部分，基本功能包括内容分发/交付、调度/控制、存储/缓存以及媒体服务等。目前，在ITU-T、ETSI、3GPP、IETF等国际标准组织以及CCSA等行业标准组织都有CDN的相关定义和标准规范，用来承载IP网络协议电视(IPTV)、有线网络电视(CATV)、互联网电视(OTT TV)以及移动流媒体等业务。目前的CDN解决方案，因底层承载网络不开放所限，作为业务网络的CDN必须作为一个叠加层，并依附于底层承载网络的能力而存在；同时，CDN解决方案所需要的服务器、存储/缓存以及媒体服 务器均使用专属的硬件(比如刀片服务器/ATCA架构服务器等)，对于硬件架构的依赖度非常之高，且没有通用性；此外，CDN因为其所涉及的网络性能需求较高(如网络带宽、时延、抖动等)，对网络的扩容以及由此而来的地址规划、设备配置、节点部署、业务开通、软件升级等管理方面都带来了巨大的复杂性——比如，随着IPTV、CATV、OTT、移动流媒体等业务的快速发展，CDN正逐步与业务解耦而成为用于融合承载多种业务的内容传输的管道，从而导致CDN部署节点越来越多，网络规模也越来越大，对CDN内容路由的管理也越来越复杂，对多服务提供商/内容提供商(CP/SP)的管理与服务配置也越来越困难。
针对目前CDN相关技术方案中存在的以上问题并结合CDN的技术发展趋势，讨论CDN与SDN的融合以及如何引入SDN技术到CDN解决方案中来并能够行之有效地解决CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性等方面的问题，进而提升CDN的开放性、性价比以及易用性，并进而降低CDN的总体运维成本，成为当务之急。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种基于SDN实现CDN的方法及系统，能够有效的解决CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性的问题。
本发明实施例提供一种基于SDN实现CDN的方法；包括：在SDN的应用单元、编排单元、控制单元和数据转发单元；其中，
所述应用单元包括：请求模块和操作模块；其中，
所述请求模块，设置为添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，接收到CDN应用申请时，向所述编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
所述操作模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，执行相关操作；
所述编排单元包括：资源协同模块和编排反馈模块；其中，
所述资源协同模块，设置为接收资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向所述控制单元发送所需资源 的预留申请；
所述编排反馈模块，设置为完成所需资源的预留申请后，反馈完成所需资源的预留申请的信息给所述应用单元；
所述控制单元，设置为根据预留申请分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，并下发给所述数据转发单元；反馈完成所需资源的预留申请给编排单元；
所述数据转发单元，包含SDN数据转发相关网络设备，设置为根据分配的CDN应用所需资源，对CDN应用的相关数据进行存储，根据控制单元确定的L2和L3转发表，在所述应用单元执行相关操作时进行数据转发。
可选地，所述相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
可选地，所述操作模块包括：分发子模块、缓存子模块、交付子模块和路由子模块；其中，
所述分发子模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
所述缓存子模块，设置为接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
所述交付子模块，设置为根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端；
所述路由子模块，设置为根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为所述内容分发节点和所述内容缓存节点建立网络链接；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为所述用户终端和所述内容交付节点建立网络链接。
可选地，所述应用单元还包括负载均衡模块，其设置为根据所述内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供媒体服务的服务器节点；根据内容负载分布情况动态确定内容缓存的节点；根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径。
可选地，所述编排单元还包括：应用支撑模块、应用引擎模块、管理模块和运营支撑模块；其中，
所述应用支撑模块，设置为接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
所述应用引擎模块，设置为根据所述CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用；
所述管理模块，设置为管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和满足CDN应用申请的应用资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操作；
所述运营支撑模块，设置为对分配给CDN应用所需资源和调用SDN网络中的能力引擎进行计费。
可选地，所述控制单元还设置为调用防火墙以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
可选地，所述应用单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元中的一种或多种进行调整：应用单元、编排单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
应用单元与编排单元通过北极接口连接；
编排单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
可选地，所述交付子模块是设置为：根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
本发明实施例还提供一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络CDN的方法，在SDN应用层添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，所述方法包括：
应用单元接收到CDN应用申请时，向编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；
控制单元根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需的资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，并下发给数据转发单元；
控制单元经编排单元向应用单元反馈完成预留申请的信息后，根据所接收到内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，应用单元执行相关操作；
在应用单元执行相关操作时，数据转发单元根据L2和L3转发表进行数据转发。
可选地，SDN网络的相关信息包括：SDN网络的网络拓扑信息、网络负载均衡信息、网络路由信息和防火墙部署信息。
可选地，相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
可选地，SDN数据转发相关网络设备包括：SDN数据转发的开放流式OPENFLOW交换机、OPENFLOW路由器、OPENFLOW网关、OPENFLOW存储服务器、OPENFLOW自定义设备。
可选地，CDN应用所需资源包括：CDN应用所需的接入网络资源、传输网络资源和数据中心网络资源；所述转发相关策略包括：热点分发策略、负载均衡策略和内容路由策略。
可选地，所述应用单元执行相关操作，包括：
所述应用单元接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络 的内容分发节点；
所述应用单元接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；并根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
所述应用单元根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
可选地，该方法还包括：
根据所述内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供媒体服务的服务器节点；
根据内容负载分布情况动态确定所述内容缓存的节点；
根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；
根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径。
根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为所述内容分发节点和所述内容缓存节点建立网络链接；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为所述用户终端和所述内容交付节点建立网络链接。
可选地，编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排时，所述方法还包括：
编排单元接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
根据CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和分配的CDN应用所需资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操作；
对CDN应用申请的应用资源、调用SDN网络中的能力引擎进行计费。
可选地，该方法还包括：所述控制单元对CDN网络中节点调用防火墙，以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
可选地，进行缓存的内容为：内容的整个文件、内容文件的分片、或内容文件流化后的数据包。
可选地，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端，包括：将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现上述方法。
与相关技术相比，本发明实施例提供的技术方案，包括：在软件定义网络SDN的应用单元、编排单元、控制单元和数据转发单元；其中，应用单元包括：请求模块和操作模块；其中，请求模块设置为添加内容分发网络CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，接收到CDN应用申请时，向编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；操作模块设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，执行相关操作；编排单元包括：资源协同模块和编排反馈模块；其中，资源协同模块设置为接收资源需求请求和业务编排请求后，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；编排反馈模块设置为完成所需资源的预留申请后，反馈完成所需资源的预留申请的信息给应用单元；控制单元设置为根据预留申请分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建L2和L3转发表，并下发给数据转发单元；反馈完成所需资源的预留申请给编排单元；数据转发单元，包含SDN数据转发相关网络设备，设置为根据分配的CDN应用所需资源，对CDN应用的相关数据进行存储，根据控制单元确定的L2和L3转发表，在应用单元执行相关操作时进行数据转发。本发明实施例通过基于SDN实现了CDN系统，通过CDN应用申请，进行分配CDN应用所需资源，结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径进行网络调整，有效地解决了CDN承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专 属性、管理的复杂性问题，实现了CDN所需资源、转发路径的规划、部署和资源配置。
附图概述
图1为本发明实施例1基于SDN实现CDN的系统结构框图；
图2为本发明实施例2基于SDN实现CDN的方法的流程图。
本发明的实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例1
图1为本发明实施例1基于SDN实现CDN的系统结构框图，如图1所示，包括：SDN的应用单元、编排单元、控制单元和数据转发单元；其中，
所述应用单元包括：请求模块和操作模块；其中，
所述请求模块，设置为添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，接收到CDN应用申请时，向所述编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
所述操作模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，执行相关操作。
在一个可选实施例中，所述操作模块包括：分发子模块、缓存子模块、交付子模块和路由子模块；其中，
所述分发子模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
需要说明的是，这里的内容数据库是指相关技术的多媒体服务器中存在的用来存放媒体内容的数据库，也包括相应的用来存放媒体文件的文件服务器等。
所述缓存子模块，设置为接收内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存 策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
其中，进行缓存的内容为：内容的整个文件、内容文件的分片、或内容文件流化后的数据包。
需要说明的是，内容缓存节点一般是和内容交付节点成对出现；当缓存的内容上升为区域热点内容时，则应提前将该热点内容分发到其他分发节点，或缓存到其他缓存节点。这里，分片主要是负责将较大内容的原始文件按照所需粒度(比如32KByes、64Kbytes、256KBytes、512KBytes、1MBytes、2MBytes、4MBytes、8MBytes、16MBytes、32MBytes、64Mbytes等)进行切片处理，以便于进行并行传输以及分布式存储。
所述交付子模块，设置为根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端；
所述交付子模块是设置为根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
需要说明的是，流媒体传输技术(比如IETF RTP、MPEG TS、MPEG DASH、MPEG MMT等)的选择根据内容交付节点进行选择，内容流化的相关信息添加包括：填写所需的序列号和时间戳等信息，以保证流化后通过网络传输的数据包即使未按顺序地为接收端所接收也能被其有效地解析和还原。
所述路由子模块，设置为根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为内容分发节点和内容缓存节点建立网络链接(如IP网络连接)；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为用户终端和内容交付节点建立网络链接。
其中，内容交付路径应基于综合效率与成本(如流量×价格)最优的原则给予评估；对于内容分发部分的内容路由，在满足效率的前提下，主要是衡量流量成本；对于内容交付部分的内容路由，则主要是衡量网络性能和体 验质量；内容路由可能因文件分片以及分布式存储等原因而存在多条可达路由，并可根据SDN所提供的底层网络拓扑信息而进行动态地调整。
负载均衡策略是指：负载如何进行资源分配，以及当负载超过预定的阀值(比如60％-70％)就需要进行负载分担；路径策略应该为路径最优策略，而路径最优的判据可能是路径最短、费用最低等。
需要说明的是，预先设定的分发策略、缓存策略、负载均衡策略、内容分发路径策略及内容交付路径策略是根据本领域技术人员的分析总结获得的策略，根据不同的CDN应用需求和SDN网络、引擎等可以进行实际的调整。
相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
在一个可选实施例中，应用单元还包括负载均衡模块，其设置为根据内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供内容交付节点的服务器节点；根据内容负载分布情况动态确定所述内容缓存的节点；根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径。
在CDN网络中，由于CDN网络的本身性质，无法实现动态调整，通过本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN后，利用SDN网络的性质，可以实现动态的调整。
所述编排单元包括：资源协同模块和编排反馈模块；其中，
所述资源协同模块，设置为接收资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；
需要说明的是，这里的结合是指本领域技术人员根据实际情况设定的过程，例如：使用网络拓扑信息判断网络的可用状态以及选择配置最合适的网络；使用网络负载均衡信息协助进行网络路径选择；使用网络路由信息进行网络路由选择；使用防火墙部署信息来进行防火墙安全强度等的选择。
这里，SDN网络的相关信息包括：SDN网络的网络拓扑信息、网络负载均衡信息、网络路由信息和防火墙部署信息。
所述编排反馈模块，设置为完成资源预留申请后，反馈完成资源预留申请的信息给应用单元。
在一个可选实施例中，所述编排单元还包括：应用支撑模块、应用引擎模块、管理模块和运营支撑模块；其中，
所述应用支撑模块，设置为接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
所述应用引擎模块，设置为根据所述CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用；
所述管理模块，设置为管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和满足CDN应用申请的应用资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操作；
所述运营支撑模块，设置为对分配给CDN应用所需资源和调用SDN网络中的能力引擎进行计费。
所述控制单元，设置为根据预留申请分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层(L2)和网络层(L3)转发表，并下发给数据转发单元；反馈完成资源预留申请给编排单元。这里，转发相关策略包括：热点分发策略、内容负载均衡策略、网络负载均衡策略。L2和L3转发表可以是一张表也可以是两张表，只要包括L2和L3的信息即可。
需要说明的是，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建L2和L3转发表中，SDN控制面转发相关策略属于SDN网络自身已有的策略信息。
控制单元还设置为调用防火墙以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
所述数据转发单元，包含SDN数据转发相关网络设备，设置为根据分配的CDN应用所需资源，对CDN应用的相关数据进行存储，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建L2和L3转发表，在所述应用单元执行相关操作时进行数据转发。这里，SDN数据转发相关网络设备包括：SDN数据转发的 OPENFLOW(开放流式)交换机、OPENFLOW路由器、OPENFLOW网关、OPENFLOW存储服务器、OPENFLOW自定义设备(如其他支持OPENFLOW协议的设备)。
CDN应用所需资源包括：CDN应用所需的接入网络资源、传输网络资源和数据中心网络资源；
需要说明的是，CDN应用所需资源是通过路径、带宽、流量、存储空间、时长、服务质量、服务级别、费用等进行评测确定的。
所述应用单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元中的一种或多种进行调整：应用单元、编排单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
应用单元与编排单元通过北极接口连接；
编排单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
本发明实施例基于SDN实现了CDN系统，有效地解决了CDN承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性问题，实现了CDN所需资源、引擎和转发路径的合理选择。
实施例2
图2为本发明实施例2基于SDN实现CDN的方法的流程图，在SDN应用层添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，如图2所示，包括：
步骤200、应用单元接收到CDN应用申请时，向编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
步骤201、编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；
本步骤中，SDN网络的相关信息包括：SDN网络的网络拓扑信息、网络负载均衡信息、网络路由信息和防火墙部署信息。
步骤202、控制单元根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需的资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层(L2)和网络层(L3)转发表，并下发给数据转发单元；
首先确定CDN应用所需资源(主要是计算、存储和网络三类资源)，再结合所分配的资源、网络负载均衡以及路由状况来确定内容分发和内容交付路径，然后在获得所申请分配的CDN应用所需资源后，创建数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，并下发给数据转发单元。确定内容分发和内容交付路径可以认为是属于分配网络资源的一部分。
本步骤中，CDN应用所需资源包括：CDN应用所需的接入网络资源、传输网络资源和数据中心网络资源。转发相关策略包括：热点分发策略、负载均衡策略和内容路由策略。
步骤203、控制单元经编排单元向应用单元反馈完成预留申请的信息后，根据所接收到内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，应用单元执行相关操作；
本步骤中，相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
步骤204、在应用单元执行相关操作时，数据转发单元根据L2和L3转发表进行数据转发。
所述应用单元执行相关操作包括：
所述应用单元接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
所述应用单元接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；并根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
进行缓存的内容为：内容的整个文件、内容文件的分片、或内容文件流化后的数据包。
所述应用单元根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提 供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。包括：根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
本步骤中，SDN数据转发相关网络设备包括：SDN数据转发的OPENFLOW交换机、OPENFLOW路由器、OPENFLOW网关、OPENFLOW存储服务器、OPENFLOW自定义设备(如其他支持OPENFLOW协议的设备)。
在一个可选实施例中，在应用单元执行相关操作后，本发明实施例方法还包括：
根据内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供媒体服务的服务器节点；
根据内容负载分布情况动态确定内容缓存的节点；
根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；
根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径。
根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为所述内容分发节点和所述内容缓存节点建立网络链接；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为所述用户终端和所述内容交付节点建立网络链接。
在一个可选实施例中，编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排时，本发明实施例方法还包括：
编排单元接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
根据CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用。
在一个可选实施例中，根据CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎后，本发明实施例方法还包括：
管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和分配的CDN应用所需资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操 作。
对CDN应用申请的应用资源、调用SDN网络中的能力引擎进行计费。
在一个可选实施例中，本发明实施例方法还包括：SDN控制单元对CDN网络中节点调用防火墙，以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序来指令相关硬件完成，上述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，如只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。可选地，上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用一个或多个集成电路来实现。相应地，上述实施例中的各模块或单元可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。本发明实施例不限制于任何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
工业实用性
本发明实施例通过基于SDN实现了CDN系统，有效地解决了CDN承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性问题，实现了CDN所需资源、引擎和路径的合理选择。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络CDN的系统，包括：在SDN的应用单元、编排单元、控制单元和数据转发单元；其中，
    所述应用单元包括：请求模块和操作模块；其中，
    所述请求模块，设置为添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，接收到CDN应用申请时，向所述编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
    所述操作模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，执行相关操作；
    所述编排单元包括：资源协同模块和编排反馈模块；其中，
    所述资源协同模块，设置为接收资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向所述控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；
    所述编排反馈模块，设置为完成所需资源的预留申请后，反馈完成所需资源的预留申请的信息给所述应用单元；
    所述控制单元，设置为根据预留申请分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，并下发给所述数据转发单元；反馈完成所需资源的预留申请给所述编排单元；
    所述数据转发单元，包含SDN数据转发相关网络设备，设置为根据分配的CDN应用所需资源，对CDN应用的相关数据进行存储，根据控制单元确定的L2和L3转发表，在所述应用单元执行相关操作时进行数据转发。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，所述操作模块包括：分发子模块、缓存子模块、交付子模块和路由子模块；其中，
    所述分发子模块，设置为接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发 请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
    所述缓存子模块，设置为接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
    所述交付子模块，设置为根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端；
    所述路由子模块，设置为根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为所述内容分发节点和所述内容缓存节点建立网络链接；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为所述用户终端和所述内容交付节点建立网络链接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，所述应用单元还包括负载均衡模块，其设置为根据所述内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供媒体服务的服务器节点；根据内容负载分布情况动态确定内容缓存的节点；根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，所述编排单元还包括：应用支撑模块、应用引擎模块、管理模块和运营支撑模块；其中，
    所述应用支撑模块，设置为接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
    所述应用引擎模块，设置为根据所述CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用；
    所述管理模块，设置为管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和满足CDN应用申请的应用资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操作；
    所述运营支撑模块，设置为对分配给CDN应用所需资源和调用SDN网 络中的能力引擎进行计费。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，所述控制单元还设置为调用防火墙以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中，
    所述应用单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元中的一种或多种进行调整：应用单元、编排单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
    所述应用单元与编排单元通过北极接口连接；
    所述编排单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
    所述控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，所述交付子模块是设置为：根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
  9. 一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络CDN的方法，其特征在于，在SDN应用层添加CDN的完整业务逻辑功能，所述方法包括：
    应用单元接收到CDN应用申请时，向编排单元发送资源需求请求和业务编排请求；
    编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排；根据业务编排向控制单元发送所需资源的预留申请；
    控制单元根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需的资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路由状况确定内容分发和内容交付路径；获得分配CDN应用所需资源后，根据SDN控制面转发相关策略创建数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，并下发给数据转发单元；
    控制单元经编排单元向应用单元反馈完成预留申请的信息后，根据所接收到内容分发请求或媒体访问请求，应用单元执行相关操作；
    在应用单元执行相关操作时，数据转发单元根据L2和L3转发表进行数 据转发。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述SDN网络的相关信息包括：SDN网络的网络拓扑信息、网络负载均衡信息、网络路由信息和防火墙部署信息。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述相关操作包括：与内容分发请求或媒体访问请求对应的内容分发、内容缓存、内容路由和内容交付。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述SDN数据转发相关网络设备包括：SDN数据转发的开放流式OPENFLOW交换机、OPENFLOW路由器、OPENFLOW网关、OPENFLOW存储服务器、OPENFLOW自定义设备。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述CDN应用所需资源包括：CDN应用所需的接入网络资源、传输网络资源和数据中心网络资源；所述转发相关策略包括：热点分发策略、负载均衡策略和内容路由策略。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述应用单元执行相关操作包括：
    所述应用单元接收到完成预留申请的信息后，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容数据库中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
    所述应用单元接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；并根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
    所述应用单元根据媒体访问请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
  15. 根据权利要求9～14任一项所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述内容交付节点实时负载情况动态的为用户终端提供媒体服务的服务器节点；
    根据内容负载分布情况动态确定所述内容缓存的节点；
    根据内容分发路径网络情况动态确定内容分发的网络路径；
    根据内容交付路径网络情况动态确定内容交付网络路径；
    根据负载均衡策略及内容分发路径策略动态的为所述内容分发节点和所述内容缓存节点建立网络链接；根据负载均衡策略以及内容交付路径策略动态的为所述用户终端和所述内容交付节点建立网络链接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，所述编排单元根据接收的资源需求请求和业务编排请求，结合SDN网络的相关信息进行业务编排时，所述方法还包括：
    编排单元接收CDN应用申请进行注册，并获取CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息；
    根据CDN应用所需的应用引擎支持信息调用SDN网络中的能力引擎，以支持CDN应用。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    管理调用给CDN应用的SDN网络中的能力引擎和分配的CDN应用所需资源；在支持业务链功能的情况下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定调用的SDN网络中的能力引擎、相关应用资源的访问顺序并执行相关操作；
    对CDN应用申请的应用资源、调用SDN网络中的能力引擎进行计费。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，所述方法还包括：所述控制单元对CDN网络中节点调用防火墙，以保障对CDN网络中节点访问的安全性。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述进行缓存的内容为：内容的整个文件、内容文件的分片、或内容文件流化后的数据包。
  20. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端，包括：将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点，根据内容交付节点的流媒体传输技术进行打包封装，并进行内容流化的相关信息添加。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现权利要求9-20任一项所述的方法。
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