WO2016054846A1 - 一种硬体保温日光温室 - Google Patents

一种硬体保温日光温室 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016054846A1
WO2016054846A1 PCT/CN2014/089552 CN2014089552W WO2016054846A1 WO 2016054846 A1 WO2016054846 A1 WO 2016054846A1 CN 2014089552 W CN2014089552 W CN 2014089552W WO 2016054846 A1 WO2016054846 A1 WO 2016054846A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat insulating
sliding
hardware
skeleton
solar greenhouse
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PCT/CN2014/089552
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄文永
孙周平
李天来
Original Assignee
黄文永
沈阳农业大学
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Filing date
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Application filed by 黄文永, 沈阳农业大学 filed Critical 黄文永
Publication of WO2016054846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016054846A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of greenhouse technology, in particular to a hard-insulated solar greenhouse.
  • the solar greenhouse is a type of crop cultivation facility adopted in northern China. It relies mainly on sunlight to obtain energy to maintain a certain temperature level in the room to meet the needs of crop growth.
  • the traditional solar greenhouse adopts a special-shaped curved surface structure, and the thermal insulation covering material is a soft material such as a straw curtain and a cold-proof quilt.
  • the thermal insulation covering material is a soft material such as a straw curtain and a cold-proof quilt.
  • the movement track of the roller blind can not be fixed, and it is difficult to achieve uniformity of the solar greenhouse insulation material.
  • Accurately covering the transparent area of the greenhouse has become one of the main obstacles to the automation and modernization of solar greenhouses in China.
  • external straw curtains, cold-proof and other insulation materials are not only poor in rain, snow, wind and fire resistance.
  • the use of multi-layer strip-like covering method results in poor sealing and unstable thermal insulation effect, which reduces the production performance of the traditional solar greenhouse.
  • Patent No. CN201938144U entitled “Sliding Covered Insulation Shelf", which is a curved shed.
  • the outer surface of the curved surface shed body is provided with an inner sliding layer covering the transparent film at the front of the curved shed body and an outer sliding layer covering the top of the shed body, and the inner sliding layer passes through the inner and outer slides and the drawstring And the rotating shaft drives the outer sliding layer to realize the opening and covering of the sliding thermal insulation layer.
  • the opening and covering of the sliding insulation layer can be accurately controlled by sliding on the shed body, and automation can be realized.
  • the skeleton of the sliding cover type heat preservation shed is composed of a plurality of trusses, each truss is formed by combining a power truss and a support truss, the power truss is used for sliding cooperation with the sliding insulation layer, and the support truss is used for supporting the sliding insulation layer. Since there is sliding friction between each truss and the sliding insulation layer, the whole The total sliding friction of the skeleton is large, the noise is large, the power consumption is large, the wear is serious, the maintenance is inconvenient, and the running cost is increased.
  • the shaft is suspended on an inverted triangular steel structure, and the wire rope passes directly from the upper part of the greenhouse through the film to the skeleton track.
  • the steel shaft structure and the rotating shaft of the design are easily deformed, and the steel truss structure is not stable.
  • the through-out portion of the steel wire rope at the top of the greenhouse has an insurmountable air leakage and rain leakage phenomenon.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solar greenhouse, which can reduce the running noise, wear and power consumption of the solar greenhouse under the premise of uniformly and accurately covering and opening the covering material of the solar greenhouse; It simplifies the greenhouse skeleton structure, improves the speed of processing and installation of the solar greenhouse skeleton, and reduces the greenhouse construction cost.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a hard-insulated solar greenhouse comprising:
  • the main truss has a circular arc structure, and a first slide is disposed thereon;
  • the sub-truss has a circular arc-shaped structure, and each of the two adjacent main trusses is arranged in parallel with a plurality of the sub-trusses to form a skeleton;
  • a hardware thermal insulation assembly on which a second sliding rail is slidably engaged with the first sliding rail, and the shape is matched with the circular arc structure of the skeleton, and can be covered and opened on the skeleton;
  • a sliding drive system is coupled to the hardware thermal insulation assembly to drive the hardware thermal insulation assembly to slide on the main truss.
  • the hardware insulation component comprises:
  • Fixing a hardware heat insulating member the fixed hardware heat insulating member is matched with the circular arc structure of the skeleton, and is fixed between the backlight sides of the skeleton;
  • a sliding hardware heat insulating component wherein an inner side of the sliding hardware heat insulating component is matched with an outer shape of the fixed hardware heat insulating member, and a second sliding track is provided on the first sliding rail, and the sliding The drive system is in driving connection with the sliding hardware insulation assembly.
  • the sliding drive system comprises:
  • a first driving rod an outer surface of the sliding hardware heat insulating assembly is provided with a driving rod slide, one end of the first driving rod is slidably connected with the driving rod slide;
  • the second driving rod is hinged to the first driving rod, and an end of the second driving rod away from the hinge point is hingedly fixed;
  • a telescopic drive the two ends of the telescopic drive are respectively connected to the first driving rod and the second driving rod for driving the first driving rod and the second driving rod to rotate relative to each other.
  • the sliding hardware heat insulating component and the fixed hardware heat insulating component form a two-stage heat insulating structure, which can respectively cover the north and south symmetrical sides of the skeleton.
  • the sliding hardware heat insulating component comprises an inner layer heat insulating member and an outer layer heat insulating member, wherein the inner layer heat insulating member is slidably engaged with the main truss, and the outer layer is insulated
  • the piece covers the inner layer heat insulating member and is relatively slidable.
  • the inner layer heat insulating member, the outer layer heat insulating member and the fixed hardware heat insulating member may respectively cover one third of an arc of the skeleton.
  • the hardware insulation component comprises:
  • each of the inner sliding heat insulating members being slidably connected to the main truss;
  • a plurality of outer sliding heat insulating members are slidably connected to the outer side of the inner sliding heat insulating member.
  • the gables located at both ends of the hardware-insulated solar greenhouse include:
  • a moving gable located on a south side of the skeleton and movable to a north side of the skeleton, and a light transmissive film is disposed on the skeleton corresponding to a position of the moving gable.
  • the gable further comprises a control system, a temperature sensor, a daylight sensor and a driving device;
  • the temperature sensor is connected to the control system for monitoring indoor and outdoor temperatures
  • the daylight sensor is connected to the control system for monitoring the intensity of sunlight
  • the driving device is connected to the moving gable drive
  • the control system controls the driving device to drive the driving according to indoor and outdoor temperatures and/or sunshine intensity Sports gables move.
  • the fixed hardware insulation member, the sliding hardware insulation assembly and the gable include:
  • a waterproof layer disposed on an outer layer of the frame
  • An insulating layer disposed within the frame and filled between the waterproof layer and the long-wave radiation layer.
  • the skeleton of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse provided by the invention is composed of a main truss and a sub-truss arranged in parallel, and each has a circular arc structure, the first sill is provided with a first slide, and the second sliding of the hardware thermal insulation component
  • the sliding joint is used for sliding support of the hardware insulation component, and the slide is not provided on the auxiliary truss, only for installing the transparent film, and the hardware insulation component can be covered and opened on the skeleton. Light transmission and shading, heat storage and heat preservation of the solar greenhouse are realized by the hardware insulation component.
  • the hardware heat insulating component has a hard structure and can slide on the skeleton through the first slide rail and the second slide rail, it can achieve more uniformity and more than the soft covering material such as the existing straw curtain. Precise coverage, improved thermal insulation performance, automatic control of shading and light transmission in the solar greenhouse, while the main truss and the sub-truss are separate structures, and multiple sub-trusses are arranged between two adjacent main trusses.
  • the truss and the sub-truss form a skeleton, which greatly reduces the number of main trusses and simplifies the greenhouse skeleton, while ensuring sufficient bearing capacity compared with the existing integrated structure of the power truss and the supporting truss.
  • the structure improves the processing and installation speed of the greenhouse frame, significantly reduces the construction cost of the greenhouse, and greatly reduces the frictional contact between the truss and the hardware insulation component, thereby reducing noise, reducing power consumption and wear, requiring only maintenance and The main truss can be replaced, the maintenance is convenient, and the running cost is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a main truss of a hard-insulated solar greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sub-truss of a hard-insulated solar greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of a sliding hardware heat insulating component of a hardware heat insulating solar greenhouse in a covered state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of a sliding hardware heat insulating component of a hardware heat insulating solar greenhouse in an open state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the sliding hardware heat insulating component of another hardware heat insulating solar greenhouse in a half-open state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the sliding hardware heat insulating component of the hardware heat insulating solar greenhouse of FIG. 5 in a fully opened state;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the working state of the hardware insulation component of the third hardware heat-insulating solar greenhouse according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the working state of the hardware heat insulating component of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse of Figure 7 at noon;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the working state of the hardware heat insulating component of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse of Figure 7 in the afternoon;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the working state of the hardware heat insulating component of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse of Figure 7 at sunset;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the operation of a gable of a hardware-insulated solar greenhouse in a semi-open state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the operation of the gable of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse of Figure 11 in a fully open state.
  • 1 is the main truss
  • 101 is the first slide
  • 102 is the main lower frame
  • 103 is the main upper frame
  • 104 is the main web
  • 105 is the transverse tie rod
  • 2 is the sub-truss
  • 201 For the sub-string frame
  • 202 for the sub-string frame
  • 203 for the auxiliary web
  • 3 for the fixed hardware insulation
  • 4 for the sliding hardware insulation
  • 401 for the outer insulation
  • 402 for the inner insulation
  • 5 for the gable 501 is fixed gable
  • 502 is slippery Moving gable
  • 6 is light transmissive film
  • 7 is skeleton
  • 8 is driving motor
  • 9 is driving rod chute
  • 10 is first driving rod
  • 11 is second driving rod
  • 12 is telescopic drive
  • 13 is bracket
  • 14 is The first inner layer sliding heat insulating member
  • 15 is a second inner layer sliding heat insulating member
  • 16 is a first outer layer sliding heat insulating member
  • 17 is a
  • the core of the invention is to provide a hard-insulated solar greenhouse, which simplifies the skeleton structure of the solar greenhouse and reduces the construction cost of the greenhouse under the premise of uniformly and accurately covering and opening the thermal insulation material of the solar greenhouse. It also reduces operating noise, wear and power consumption in the solar greenhouse, reducing maintenance and operating costs.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a hardware heat preservation solar greenhouse, comprising a main truss 1, a sub truss 2, a hardware thermal insulation component and a sliding drive system: wherein the main truss 1 has a circular arc structure and can be a semicircular arch structure. It may also be a circular arc structure with a central angle of less than 180 degrees.
  • the main truss 1 is an upper and lower chord structure, that is, includes a main upper chord 103, a main lower chord 102 and a main web 104, which satisfy sufficient structural strength, Further improving the structural strength and stability, on the inner side of the arch of the main truss 1, a transverse tie rod 105 is provided, and the transverse tie rod 105 is connected with the main truss 1 by a diagonal tie rod; or the main truss 1 is made of a steel structure; the outer side of the main truss 1
  • the first slide 101 is provided with a U-shaped steel structure slide rail;
  • the auxiliary truss 2 also has a circular arc-shaped structure, similar to the main truss 1 structure, that is, includes the sub-lower chord 201, the sub-string chord 202, and The auxiliary web 203, but there is no need to provide a lateral pull rod and a diagonal pull rod.
  • Each of the two adjacent main trusses 1 is arranged in parallel with a plurality of sub trusses 2, and the two main trusses 1 can be arranged 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Or 6 or more sub-trusses 2, excellent
  • the main truss 1 and the sub-truss 2 are separate trusses, which together form the skeleton 7;
  • the shape of the hardware insulation component coincides with the circular arc structure of the skeleton, and the first and the truss are arranged with the first
  • the second slide of the slide sliding fit, the hardware insulation component Can be covered and opened on the skeleton;
  • the main truss 1 is used for sliding support of the hardware insulation component, and the secondary truss 2 does not need to slide to support the hardware insulation component, only need to fix the transparent film;
  • the drive connection is used to drive the hardware thermal insulation component 4 to slide on the main truss 1 to open and cover the hardware thermal insulation component.
  • the sliding drive system is used to drive the sliding of the hardware thermal insulation component on the skeleton 7, thereby realizing the shading and light transmission, heat storage and heat preservation of the solar greenhouse, and achieving the basic functions of the solar greenhouse.
  • the hardware heat insulating component has a hard structure and can be slidably engaged on the skeleton 7 through the first slide 101 and the second slide, it can be more uniform than the soft insulation material such as the existing straw curtain.
  • main truss 1 and the sub-truss 2 are separate structures, and multiple adjacent main trusses 1 are arranged
  • the sub-truss 2, the main truss 1 and the sub-truss 2 together form a skeleton 7, which greatly reduces the main truss, while ensuring sufficient bearing capacity, compared with the existing integrated structure of the power truss and the supporting truss.
  • the use of 1 simplifies the structure of the greenhouse skeleton, significantly reduces the construction cost of the greenhouse, and also greatly reduces the frictional contact between the skeleton 7 and the hardware insulation component, thereby reducing noise, reducing power consumption and wear. Simply repair and replace the main truss 1 for easy maintenance and reduced operating costs.
  • the embodiment provides a hardware warming solar greenhouse, wherein the hardware heat insulating component comprises a fixed hardware heat insulating component 3 and a sliding hardware heat insulating component 4.
  • the fixed hardware heat insulating member 3 is matched with the circular arc structure of the skeleton 7, and is fixed on the backlight side of the skeleton 7. (The working position of the hard insulating solar greenhouse in the embodiment is north facing south, and the backlight side is north of the skeleton 7.
  • the south side of the illuminating side that is, the south side of the skeleton 7, for the convenience of description, the position between the south side and the north side is not slid; the inner side of the sliding hardware heat insulating unit 4 and the fixed hardware heat insulating member 3 are fixed.
  • the outer shape is anastomosed, and the whole is also a circular arc structure.
  • the second slide is slidably engaged with the first slide 101.
  • the sliding drive system is coupled with the sliding hardware insulation assembly, and the sliding hardware insulation component can be in the main Sliding on the truss, through the sliding of the sliding hardware insulation component, the opening and covering of the greenhouse is realized for light transmission and shading, heat storage and heat preservation.
  • a specific sliding drive system is provided, which is located outside the skeleton 7, and includes a first driving rod 10, a second driving rod 11 and a telescopic drive 12;
  • the outer surface of the sliding hardware thermal insulation assembly 4 is provided with a driving rod slide 9 , one end of the first driving rod 10 is slidably connected with the driving rod sliding passage 9 , and the first driving rod 10 can drive the sliding hardware thermal insulation assembly 4 in the main assembly
  • the first driving rod 11 is hinged to the first driving rod 10, and the second driving rod 11 is hingedly fixed at one end away from the hinge point; the two ends of the telescopic drive 12 are respectively connected to the first driving rod 10 and the second driving rod 11, the first drive rod 10 and the second drive rod 11 are driven to rotate relative to each other.
  • the telescopic drive 12 can be a hydraulic drive or a pneumatic drive.
  • the telescopic drive 12 can be telescoped, and the first drive rod 10 is driven relative to the second drive by telescopic expansion or pulling.
  • the working principle and working process of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse with the above sliding drive system are as follows: Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, when the sliding hardware thermal insulation component 4 covers the south side of the skeleton 7, that is, when the solar greenhouse is opaque, The telescopic drive 12 is in an extended state, and its state is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the telescopic drive 12 is activated, and the telescopic drive 12 is contracted due to the second driving rod 11 One end is hingedly fixed, the first driving rod 10 rotates relative to the second driving rod 11 at a point hinged with the second driving rod 11, and the first driving rod 10 rotates around one end of the fixed hinge, in the process, the first driving rod One end of 10 pulls the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 to slide to the north side of the skeleton 7.
  • the center of the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 moves to the middle position of the north and south of the skeleton 7, the sliding hardware is driven by the gravity of the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4.
  • the heat insulating assembly 4 continues to move downward, and the sliding connection end of the first driving rod 10 can be slowly moved from point A to point B along the driving rod slide 9, and at the same time, the sliding of the hardware heat insulating assembly 4 can be ensured. Given run. When it is necessary to close the sliding hardware heat insulating unit 4, when the solar greenhouse is shielded from light, the telescopic drive 12 is extended and the opposite movement as described above can be realized.
  • the sliding drive system of the present invention does not load the skeleton 7 as compared with the existing driving device disposed inside the greenhouse and suspended from the top of the greenhouse, thereby reducing the skeleton.
  • the load of 7 guarantees the structural stability of the skeleton 7, and compared with the existing wire rope directly from the upper part of the greenhouse through the shed film to the track of the skeleton 7, resulting in an insurmountable air leakage and leakage phenomenon at the top of the greenhouse.
  • the invention discloses that the sliding drive system does not have air leakage and rain leakage in the greenhouse, thereby ensuring the insulation performance and work reliability of the greenhouse and reducing the maintenance cost.
  • the first driving rod 10 and the second driving rod 11 are cross-joined, and the two ends of the telescopic drive 12 are respectively connected to the first driving rod 10 away from the sliding connection.
  • One end and the second drive rod 11 are away from the hinged fixed end.
  • the first driving rod 10 and the second driving rod 11 are end-joined, and the telescopic drive 12 and the first driving rod 10 and the second driving The connection point of the rod 11 is located on the two drive rods.
  • the second driving rod 11 is hingedly fixed on the bracket 13.
  • the second driving rod 11 is hinged to other fixed objects, as long as the transmission condition can be satisfied. Just fine.
  • the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 and the fixed hardware heat insulating component 3 form a two-stage heat insulating structure, that is, the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 is an integral structure, and the sliding hardware is
  • the heat insulating component 4 and the fixed hardware heat insulating member 3 may be respectively covered on the north and south symmetrical sides of the skeleton 7.
  • 1/2 of the solar greenhouse can transmit light, and the two-stage thermal insulation structure is suitable for crops or industries where cultivation, edible fungi cultivation, ecological restaurants, etc. are not required for illumination.
  • the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 and the fixed hardware heat insulating component 3 may also be three-stage type, and the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 includes an inner layer heat insulating component. 402 and the outer thermal insulation member 401, the inner thermal insulation member 402 is slidably engaged with the main truss 1, and the outer thermal insulation member 401 covers the inner thermal insulation member 402 and is relatively slidable.
  • the inner thermal insulation member 402 When the sliding hardware thermal insulation component 4 is covered on the skeleton 7, the inner thermal insulation member 402 is located at the southmost side of the skeleton 7, and the outer thermal insulation member 401 is located at the middle of the skeleton 7; when it is required to open the sliding hardware thermal insulation component 4, The outer thermal insulation member 401 is moved to the north side by the sliding drive system, and the outer thermal insulation member 401 pulls the inner thermal insulation member 402 to also move to the north side of the skeleton. When the outer thermal insulation member 401 slides to the northmost side of the skeleton 7, the inner layer The heat insulating member 402 slides to the northmost side of the skeleton 7 under the action of its own gravity.
  • the inner layer heat insulating member 402, the outer layer heat insulating member 401 and the fixed hardware heat insulating member 3 can respectively cover one third of the arc of the skeleton 7,
  • the sliding hardware thermal insulation unit 4 is fully opened, two-thirds of the solar greenhouse can be light-transmitted, and the three-stage thermal insulation structure can meet the requirements for high-lighting crop planting.
  • the coverage ratio of the inner layer thermal insulation member 402, the outer thermal insulation member 401 and the fixed hardware thermal insulation member 3 can take other values as long as the crop's illumination requirements can be met.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a third hard-insulated solar greenhouse, hardware.
  • the thermal insulation component is a multi-segment structure of four or more segments, and the hardware thermal insulation component comprises a plurality of inner sliding thermal insulation components and a plurality of outer sliding thermal insulation components, and each inner sliding thermal insulation component is slidably connected with the main truss 1;
  • the sliding heat insulating member is slidably connected to the outer side of the inner sliding heat insulating member, and the outer sliding heat insulating member can be the same as the inner sliding insulating member, and the number of the outer sliding sliding heat insulating members is smaller than that of the inner sliding sliding member.
  • the hardware insulation component may also be a multi-layer structure as long as it can slide against each other to achieve coverage and opening of the greenhouse.
  • the inner sliding thermal insulation member includes a first inner sliding thermal insulation member 14 and a second inner sliding thermal insulation member 15;
  • the outer sliding thermal insulation member includes a first outer sliding thermal insulation member 16 And the second outer sliding heat insulating member 17, the first outer sliding heat insulating member 16 is slidably connected to the outer side of the first inner sliding heat insulating member 14, and the second outer sliding heat insulating member 17 is slidably connected to the second inner sliding insulating member
  • the outer side of the 15 preferably, the four parts can respectively cover the 1/4 circular arc area of the skeleton 7 , wherein any one or more sections can be slid open or closed to realize light transmission and shading, heat preservation and heat storage of the greenhouse.
  • This design has completely changed the traditional building structure pattern and characteristics of the solar greenhouse in the north and east-west direction of China. Therefore, it is possible to construct a multi-stage hard-insulated solar greenhouse in any direction, so that the construction of the solar greenhouse is not restricted by the land orientation. Significantly improve land use efficiency.
  • FIG. 7-10 it is a four-stage hard-insulated solar greenhouse profile structure.
  • the greenhouse is different from the traditional solar greenhouse in the east-west direction, and its greenhouse ridge height is north-south.
  • the working process is: in the morning, when the sun rises, the first inner sliding heat insulating member 14 and the first outer sliding heat insulating member 16 are located on the west side of the skeleton 7, and the first outer sliding heat insulating member 16 covers the first inner The outer layer slides the outer side of the heat insulating member 14, while the second inner layer sliding heat insulating member 15 and the second outer layer sliding heat insulating member 17 slide to the west side of the skeleton 7, and the sunlight shines into the greenhouse from the east side of the greenhouse; at noon, the second The inner sliding heat insulating member 15 and the second outer sliding heat insulating member 17 slide to the east side of the skeleton 7, and the second outer sliding heat insulating member 17 covers the outer side of the second inner sliding heat insulating member 15, at this time, the sunlight from the greenhouse The top
  • the sunlight shines into the interior of the greenhouse from the west side of the greenhouse; at night, the first inner sliding heat insulating member 14 and the first outer sliding heat insulating member 16 slide to the west side of the skeleton 7, and the first The outer sliding heat insulating member 16 is unfolded from the first inner sliding heat insulating member 14, Two outer slider holding member 17 is unwound from a second inner slide holding member 15, the second security slide outer The temperature member 17 and the first outer sliding heat insulating member 16 are located at the top of the greenhouse, so that the greenhouse is completely covered, and the greenhouse is shielded from light and heat. Similarly, if it is a five-stage, six-segment, etc.
  • each piece of hardware insulation can gradually slide from west to east until all hardware The insulation is slid to the east side of the greenhouse to meet the demand for light for crop growth. At night, the hardware insulation on the west side returns to achieve full shading and insulation coverage.
  • transmission structures of the various pieces of hardware thermal insulation parts can refer to the patent documents of the publications CN203661717U and CN203523431U, which are not specifically introduced and limited herein.
  • the hardware warming solar greenhouse is further optimized.
  • the gables 5 at both ends of the hard-insulated solar greenhouse include a fixed gable 501 and a sports gable 502; wherein the fixed gable 501 is preferred.
  • the moving gable 502 Fixed to the north side of both ends of the skeleton 7; the moving gable 502 is used to cover the south side of both ends of the skeleton 7, and the moving gable 502 can be moved from the south side of the skeleton 7 to the north side of the skeleton 7, and the position of the moving gable 502
  • the light-transmissive film 6 is disposed on the south side of the opposite ends of the corresponding skeleton 7 so that the indoors are not in direct contact with the outside.
  • the light-transmissive film 6 preferably adopts a single-layer transparent film, and the light transmittance is 85% or more. This can solve the problem that fixed gables affect crop growth due to shading.
  • the working process of the above gable 5 is as follows: as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, in the morning, the moving gable 502 located on the east side of the solar greenhouse is moved to the north side of the skeleton 7, and the morning light enters the greenhouse through the transparent film 6 on the east side of the skeleton 7. Compared with the existing immovable gables, the utilization of sunlight is greatly improved. After noon, the moving gable 502 on the east side is moved back to the south side of the skeleton 7, and the east side gable 5 is closed for heat preservation.
  • the sports gable 502 on the west side of the solar greenhouse moves to the north side of the skeleton 7, and the afternoon sunlight enters the interior of the greenhouse through the light-transmissive film 6 on the west side of the skeleton, making full use of daylight.
  • the movable gable can not only effectively maintain the heat, but also fully irradiate the sunlight to ensure the temperature balance of the greenhouse and ensure the normal growth of the crops at both ends of the east and west gables in the greenhouse.
  • the gable 5 further comprises a control system, a temperature sensor, a daylight sensor and a driving device; wherein the temperature sensor is connected with the control system for monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature; the daylight sensor is connected with the control system For monitoring the intensity of sunlight; the driving device is connected with the moving gable 502; the set temperature value and the setting sun intensity value are pre-set in the control system, and the control system controls the driving motion of the driving device according to the indoor and outdoor temperature and/or the sunshine intensity Gable 502 moves.
  • the working principle and working process of the above 5 gables are: in the morning, the temperature sensor monitors the outdoor temperature, And sending the outdoor temperature information to the control system, the control system receives the indoor and outdoor temperature information, and compares with the preset set temperature value, when the outdoor temperature is higher than the set temperature value, the control system controls the driving device to drive the east side
  • the moving gable 502 moves from the south side to the north side; or the daylight sensor monitors the sunshine intensity, and the sunshine intensity information is sent to the control system, and the control system accepts the sunshine intensity information, and compares with the preset set sunshine intensity value, when the sunshine When the intensity is higher than the set sunshine intensity value, the control system controls the driving device to drive the east side moving gable 502 to move from the south side to the north side; or when the indoor and outdoor temperature and the sunshine intensity both reach the preset value, the control system controls the driving device. action.
  • the control system controls the driving device to drive the east side of the sports gable 502 back to the south side.
  • the movement of the sports gable 502 on the west side is the same as that on the east side, and will not be described here.
  • the set temperature value and the set sunshine intensity value are adjusted according to the region and the time zone, and are not specifically limited herein.
  • the driving device comprises a driving motor 8, a driving belt and a guide rail, and the moving gable 502 moves along the guide rail under the driving and driving of the driving motor 8 and the driving belt to realize opening and closing of the moving gable 502.
  • the fixed hardware heat insulating member 3, the sliding hardware heat insulating component 4 and the gable 5 are composed of a frame, a waterproof layer, a heat insulating layer and a long wave radiation layer:
  • the frame is made of light steel material, and the hardness is ensured.
  • the structural strength, the waterproof layer, the thermal insulation layer and the long-wave radiation layer are arranged in the frame from the outside to the inside.
  • the length of the frame is the same as the length of the greenhouse. It is made of light steel materials such as steel pipes and steel bars.
  • the thickness of the frame is determined according to the thickness of the thermal insulation materials required for the lowest temperature in each place.
  • the waterproof layer is mainly composed of color steel plates, sunlight plates, endurance plates and glass steel.
  • the internal insulation is mainly composed of rock wool, glass wool, flame retardant benzene board, sprayed cotton, hot melted cotton. Or cotton felt and other materials;
  • the lower layer of long-wave radiation layer is mainly composed of tin foil paper, reflective film and so on. Compared with soft covering materials such as straw curtains and cold-proof quilts, the thermal insulation performance and the ability to resist natural disasters are greatly enhanced.

Abstract

一种硬体保温日光温室，包括呈圆弧形结构的主桁架（1）和副桁架（2）、硬体保温组件和滑动驱动系统；主桁架（1）上设置有第一滑道（101）；每相邻两主桁架（1）之间平行布置有若干副桁架（2），共同构成日光温室骨架（7）；硬体保温组件的内侧设置有与第一滑道（101）滑动配合的第二滑道；通过硬体保温组件在骨架（7）上的滑动，实现日光温室的透光和遮光、蓄热和保温等功能。硬体保温组件为硬体结构，能够更均匀和更精准地覆盖，同时，主桁架（1）和副桁架（2）为独立结构，间隔排布，不仅简化日光温室的骨架结构，降低温室的建造成本，而且大大减小了桁架与滑动硬体保温组件的摩擦接触，从而降低了噪音，减小了功耗和磨损，只需维修和更换主桁架即可，维护方便，降低了运行成本。

Description

一种硬体保温日光温室
本申请要求于2014年10月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410539809.1、发明名称为“一种硬体保温日光温室”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及温室技术领域，特别涉及一种硬体保温日光温室。
背景技术
日光温室是我国北方地区采用的一种作物栽培设施类型，主要依靠太阳光获取能量来维持室内一定的温度水平，以满足作物成长的需要。
传统的日光温室采用异形弧面结构，而且，保温覆盖材料是草帘、防寒被等软质材料，在卷放帘的过程中，卷帘的运动轨迹一直不能固定，难以实现日光温室保温材料均匀、精准地覆盖在温室透光区域，已经成为我国日光温室自动化控制与现代化发展的主要障碍之一，同时，外置的草帘、防寒被等保温材料不仅防雨、防雪、防风和防火能力差，且采用多层条块状覆盖方式，导致密封不严、保温效果不稳定，降低了传统日光温室生产性能。
为了解决传统日光温室存在的问题，目前市场上推出了一种新型的日光温室，参见公开号为CN201938144U的专利，名称为“滑动覆盖式保温棚”，该滑动覆盖式保温棚为弧面型棚体，弧面型棚体的外面设置有覆盖在弧面型棚体前透光膜处的内滑动层和覆盖在棚体顶部的外滑动层，内滑动层通过内、外滑道、拉绳和转轴带动外滑动层实现滑动保温层的敞开与覆盖。通过滑动保温层替代了草帘、防寒被等软质材料，则滑动保温层的打开和覆盖只要在棚体上滑动就可实现精确地控制，可实现自动化。
但是该滑动覆盖式保温棚的骨架由多个桁架组成，每个桁架均由动力桁架和支撑桁架拼接组合而成，动力桁架用于和滑动保温层滑动配合，支撑桁架用于支撑滑动保温层，由于每个桁架均与滑动保温层之间存在滑动摩擦，则整个 骨架总的滑动摩擦较大、噪音大、功耗大、磨损严重、维护不方便，提高了运行成本。此外，转轴悬挂在倒三角形钢结构上，钢丝绳直接从温室的上部穿过棚膜到骨架的轨道上。由于覆盖件的总重量较重，导致这种设计的转轴支撑钢结构和转轴易出现变形、且钢桁架结构不稳固，同时，温室顶部钢丝绳的穿出部位出现无法克服的漏风和漏雨现象。
综上所述，如何在实现日光温室的覆盖材料均匀精确地覆盖和打开的前提下，减小日光温室运行噪音、磨损和功耗，降低运行成本，同时，简化温室骨架结构，提高日光温室骨架加工和安装的速度，降低温室建造成本，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种日光温室，以在实现日光温室的覆盖材料均匀精确地覆盖和打开的前提下，减小日光温室运行噪音、磨损和功耗；降低运行成本，同时，简化温室骨架结构，提高日光温室骨架加工和安装的速度，降低温室建造成本。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种硬体保温日光温室，包括：
主桁架，所述主桁架呈圆弧形结构，其上设置有第一滑道；
副桁架，所述副桁架呈圆弧形结构，每相邻两所述主桁架之间平行布置有若干所述副桁架，共同构成骨架；
硬体保温组件，其上设置有与所述第一滑道滑动配合的第二滑道，形状与所述骨架的圆弧形结构吻合，可在所述骨架上覆盖和打开；
滑动驱动系统，与所述硬体保温组件传动连接，驱动所述硬体保温组件在所述主桁架上滑动。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述硬体保温组件包括：
固定硬体保温件，所述固定硬体保温件与所述骨架的圆弧形结构吻合，其固定在所述骨架的背光侧之间；
滑动硬体保温组件，所述滑动硬体保温组件的内侧与所述固定硬体保温件的外侧形状吻合，其上设置有与所述第一滑道滑动配合的第二滑道，所述滑动 驱动系统与所述滑动硬体保温组件传动连接。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述滑动驱动系统包括：
第一驱动杆，所述滑动硬体保温组件的外表面设置有驱动杆滑道，所述第一驱动杆的一端与所述驱动杆滑道滑动连接；
第二驱动杆，所述第二驱动杆与所述第一驱动杆铰接，所述第二驱动杆的远离铰接点的一端铰接固定；
伸缩驱动器，所述伸缩驱动器的两端分别连接所述第一驱动杆和所述第二驱动杆，用于驱动所述第一驱动杆和所述第二驱动杆相对转动。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述滑动硬体保温组件和所述固定硬体保温件组成两段式保温结构，可分别覆盖在所述骨架的南北对称两侧。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述滑动硬体保温组件包括内层保温件和外层保温件，所述内层保温件与所述主桁架滑动配合，所述外层保温件覆盖在所述内层保温件上且可相对滑动。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述内层保温件、所述外层保温件和所述固定硬体保温件可分别覆盖所述骨架的三分之一弧段。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室中，所述硬体保温组件包括：
若干内层滑动保温件，每个所述内层滑动保温件与所述主桁架滑动连接；
若干外层滑动保温件，滑动连接在所述内层滑动保温件的外侧。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室，位于所述硬体保温日光温室两端的山墙均包括：
固定在所述骨架北侧的固定山墙；
位于所述骨架南侧且可移动至所述骨架北侧的运动山墙，与所述运动山墙的位置对应的所述骨架上设置有透光膜。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室，所述山墙还包括控制系统、温度传感器、日光传感器和驱动装置；
所述温度传感器与所述控制系统连接，用于监测室内外温度；
所述日光传感器与所述控制系统连接，用于监测日照强度；
所述驱动装置与所述运动山墙传动连接；
所述控制系统根据室内外温度和/或日照强度控制所述驱动装置驱动所述 运动山墙移动。
优选的，在上述的硬体保温日光温室，所述固定硬体保温件、所述滑动硬体保温组件和所述山墙均包括：
框架；
设置在所述框架外层的防水层；
设置在所述框架内层的长波辐射层；
设置在所述框架内且填充在所述防水层和所述长波辐射层之间的隔热保温层。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的硬体保温日光温室的骨架由主桁架和副桁架平行排列组合而成，且均呈圆弧形结构，主桁架上设置有第一滑道，与硬体保温组件的第二滑道滑动配合，用于滑动支撑硬体保温组件，副桁架上不设置滑道，只用于安装透光膜，硬体保温组件可在骨架上覆盖和打开。通过硬体保温组件实现日光温室的透光和遮光、蓄热和保温。由于硬体保温组件为硬体结构，且可在骨架上通过第一滑道和第二滑道配合滑动，因此，与现有的草帘等软质覆盖材料相比，能够实现更均匀和更精准地覆盖，提高了保温性能，能够实现日光温室的遮光和透光的自动化控制，同时，主桁架和副桁架为单独的结构，相邻两个主桁架之间布置多个副桁架，由主桁架和副桁架共同构成骨架，与现有的将动力桁架和支撑桁架之制成一体结构相比，在保证了承载力足够的前提下，大大减小了主桁架的使用数量，简化了温室骨架结构，提高了温室骨架加工和安装速度，明显降低温室的建造成本，同时大大减小了桁架与硬体保温组件的摩擦接触，从而降低了噪音，减小了功耗和磨损，只需维修和更换主桁架即可，维护方便，降低了运行成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种硬体保温日光温室的主桁架的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种硬体保温日光温室的副桁架的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种硬体保温日光温室的滑动硬体保温组件处于覆盖状态时的工作示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种硬体保温日光温室的滑动硬体保温组件处于打开状态时的工作示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的另一种硬体保温日光温室的滑动硬体保温组件处于半打开状态时的工作示意图；
图6为图5中的硬体保温日光温室的滑动硬体保温组件处于完全打开状态时的工作示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的第三种硬体保温日光温室的硬体保温组件在上午时的工作状态示意图；
图8为图7中的硬体保温日光温室的硬体保温组件在中午时的工作状态示意图；
图9为图7中的硬体保温日光温室的硬体保温组件在下午时的工作状态示意图；
图10为图7中的硬体保温日光温室的硬体保温组件在日落时的工作状态示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种硬体保温日光温室的山墙处于半打开状态时的工作示意图；
图12为图11中的硬体保温日光温室的山墙处于完全打开状态时的工作示意图。
在上述图1-图12中，1为主桁架、101为第一滑道、102为主下弦架、103为主上弦架、104为主腹杆、105为横向拉杆、2为副桁架、201为副下弦架、202为副上弦架、203为副腹杆、3为固定硬体保温件、4为滑动硬体保温组件、401为外层保温件、402为内层保温件、5为山墙、501为固定山墙、502为滑 动山墙、6为透光膜、7为骨架、8为驱动电机、9为驱动杆滑道、10为第一驱动杆、11为第二驱动杆、12为伸缩驱动器、13为支架、14为第一内层滑动保温件、15为第二内层滑动保温件、16为第一外层滑动保温件、17为第二外层滑动保温件。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供了一种硬体保温日光温室，在实现了日光温室的保温材料均匀精确地覆盖和打开的前提下，简化了日光温室的骨架结构，降低了温室的建造成本，同时，也减小了日光温室的运行噪音、磨损和功耗，降低了维护与运行成本。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种硬体保温日光温室，包括主桁架1、副桁架2、硬体保温组件和滑动驱动系统：其中，主桁架1呈圆弧形结构，可以为半圆拱形结构，也可以是圆心角小于180度的圆弧形结构，优选地，主桁架1为上下弦架结构，即包括主上弦架103、主下弦架102和主腹杆104，满足足够的结构强度，为了进一步提高结构强度和稳定性，在主桁架1的拱形内侧，设置有横向拉杆105，横向拉杆105与主桁架1之间通过斜拉杆连接；或者主桁架1采用型钢结构；主桁架1的外侧设置有第一滑道101，第一滑道101为U型钢结构的滑轨；副桁架2同样呈圆弧形结构，与主桁架1结构类似，即包括副下弦架201、副上弦架202和副腹杆203，但是不需要设置横向拉杆和斜拉杆，每相邻两主桁架1之间平行布置有若干副桁架2，两个主桁架1之间可以布置1、2、3、4、5或6等多个副桁架2，优选为2或3个副桁架2，主桁架1和副桁架2为单独的桁架，两者共同构成骨架7；硬体保温组件的形状与骨架的圆弧形结构吻合，其上设置有与第一滑道滑动配合的第二滑道，硬体保温组件 可在骨架上覆盖和打开；主桁架1用于滑动支撑硬体保温组件，而副桁架2不需要滑动支撑硬体保温组件，只需要固定透光膜即可；滑动驱动系统与硬体保温组件传动连接，用于驱动硬体保温组件4在主桁架1上滑动，以实现硬体保温组件的打开和覆盖。
上述的硬体保温日光温室中，通过滑动驱动系统驱动硬体保温组件在骨架7上的滑动，实现日光温室的遮光和透光、蓄热和保温，达到了日光温室的基本功能。由于硬体保温组件为硬体结构，且可在骨架7上通过第一滑道101和第二滑道配合滑动，因此，与现有的草帘等软质保温材料相比，能够实现更均匀和更精准地覆盖，提高了保温性能，能够实现日光温室的遮光和透光的自动化控制，同时，主桁架1和副桁架2为单独的结构，相邻两个主桁架1之间布置多个副桁架2，由主桁架1和副桁架2共同构成骨架7，与现有的将动力桁架和支撑桁架制成一体结构相比，在保证了承载力足够的前提下，大大减小了主桁架1的使用数量，简化了温室骨架的结构，显著降低了温室的建造成本，同时，也大大减小了骨架7与硬体保温组件的摩擦接触，从而降低了噪音，减小了功耗和磨损，只需维修和更换主桁架1即可，维护方便，降低了运行成本。
如图1-图4所示，本实施例提供了一种硬体保温日光温室，其中，硬体保温组件包括固定硬体保温件3和滑动硬体保温组件4。固定硬体保温件3与骨架7的圆弧形结构吻合，并固定在骨架7的背光侧(本实施例中的硬体保温日光温室的工作位置是坐北朝南，背光侧即骨架7的北侧，迎光侧即骨架7的南侧，为了描述方便，文中以南侧和北侧进行位置的限定)之间，不能滑动；滑动硬体保温组件4的内侧与固定硬体保温件3的外侧形状吻合，整体也为圆弧形结构，其上设置有与第一滑道101滑动配合的第二滑道，滑动驱动系统与滑动硬体保温组件传动连接，滑动硬体保温组件可在主桁架上滑动，通过滑动硬体保温组件的滑动，实现温室的打开和覆盖，以进行透光和遮光、蓄热和保温。
如图3和图4所示，在本实施中，提供了一种具体的滑动驱动系统，其位于骨架7的外侧，包括第一驱动杆10、第二驱动杆11和伸缩驱动器12；其中，滑动硬体保温组件4的外表面设置有驱动杆滑道9，第一驱动杆10的一端与驱动杆滑道9滑动连接，第一驱动杆10能够带动滑动硬体保温组件4在主桁 架1上滑动；第二驱动杆11与第一驱动杆10铰接，第二驱动杆11的远离铰接点的一端铰接固定；伸缩驱动器12的两端分别连接第一驱动杆10和第二驱动杆11，用于驱动第一驱动杆10和第二驱动杆11相对转动，伸缩驱动器12可以采用液压驱动器或气动驱动器，伸缩驱动器12能够伸缩，通过伸缩推动或拉动第一驱动杆10相对第二驱动杆11转动。
具有上述滑动驱动系统的硬体保温日光温室的工作原理和工作过程是：参见图3和图4，当滑动硬体保温组件4覆盖在骨架7的南侧时，即日光温室不透光时，伸缩驱动器12处于伸长状态，其状态如图3所示，若要打开滑动硬体保温组件4，进行日光温室的透光时，启动伸缩驱动器12，伸缩驱动器12收缩，由于第二驱动杆11的一端铰接固定，第一驱动杆10绕与第二驱动杆11铰接的点相对第二驱动杆11转动，且第一驱动杆10绕固定铰接的一端转动，在此过程中，第一驱动杆10的一端拉动滑动硬体保温组件4向骨架7的北侧滑动，当滑动硬体保温组件4的中心运动至骨架7南北中间位置后，由于滑动硬体保温组件4的重力作用，滑动硬体保温组件4继续向下运动，这时第一驱动杆10的滑动连接端沿着驱动杆滑道9可以缓慢地从A点运动到B点，同时，可以保证滑动硬体保温组件4的稳定运行。当需要关闭滑动硬体保温组件4时，即将日光温室进行遮光时，使伸缩驱动器12伸长，进行与上述相反的运动即可实现。
由于采用了外设的滑动驱动系统，因此，与现有的将驱动装置设置在温室内部，且悬挂在温室顶部相比，本发明的滑动驱动系统不会对骨架7产生载荷，从而减轻了骨架7的负载，保证了骨架7的结构稳定性，并且与现有的钢丝绳直接从温室的上部穿过棚膜到骨架7的轨道上导致温室顶部出现无法克服的漏风和漏雨现象相比，本发明的滑动驱动系统不会出现温室的漏风和漏雨现象，从而保证了温室的保温性能和工作可靠性，降低了维护成本。
作为优化，在本实施例中，如图3和图4所示，第一驱动杆10和第二驱动杆11交叉铰接，伸缩驱动器12的两端分别连接在第一驱动杆10上远离滑动连接的一端和第二驱动杆11上远离铰接固定的一端。当然，第一驱动杆10和第二驱动杆11为端部铰接，则伸缩驱动器12与第一驱动杆10和第二驱动 杆11的连接点位于两个驱动杆上。
进一步的，在本实施例中，第二驱动杆11铰接固定在支架13上，当然，根据实际场地的需要，将第二驱动杆11铰接在其它固定不动的物件上，只要能够满足传动条件即可。
如图3和图4所示，在本实施例中，滑动硬体保温组件4和固定硬体保温件3组成两段式保温结构，即滑动硬体保温组件4为一个整体结构，滑动硬体保温组件4和固定硬体保温件3可分别覆盖在骨架7的南北对称两侧。则当滑动硬体保温组件4完全打开时，日光温室的1/2可以透光，该两段式保温结构适用于养殖、食用菌栽培、生态餐厅等对光照要求不高的作物或行业。
除了采用两段式保温结构之外，如图5和图6所示，滑动硬体保温组件4和固定硬体保温件3还可以是三段式，滑动硬体保温组件4包括内层保温件402和外层保温件401，内层保温件402与主桁架1滑动配合，外层保温件401覆盖在内层保温件402上且可相对滑动。当滑动硬体保温组件4覆盖在骨架7上时，内层保温件402位于骨架7的最南侧，外层保温件401位于骨架7的中间位置；当需要打开滑动硬体保温组件4时，通过滑动驱动系统拉动外层保温件401向北侧移动，外侧保温件401拉动内层保温件402也向骨架北侧移动，当外层保温件401滑动到骨架7的最北侧后，内层保温件402在自身重力的作用下滑动到骨架7的最北侧，此时，外层保温件401、内层保温件402和固定硬体保温件3重叠位于骨架7的北侧，从而使滑动硬体保温组件4完全打开，如图6所示。当关闭滑动硬体保温组件4时，使滑动驱动系统反向运行即可完成。
进一步地，在本实施例中，如图5和图6所示，内层保温件402、外层保温件401和固定硬体保温件3可分别覆盖骨架7的三分之一弧段，则当滑动硬体保温组件4完全打开时，日光温室有2/3的区域可以透光，这种三段式的保温结构可满足对光照要求比较高的作物种植。当然，内层保温件402、外层保温件401和固定硬体保温件3的覆盖比例可以采取其他值，只要能够满足作物对光照的需求即可。
如图7-图10所示，本发明实施例提供了第三种硬体保温日光温室，硬体 保温组件为四段或四段以上的多段式结构，既硬体保温组件包括若干内层滑动保温件和若干外层滑动保温件，每个内层滑动保温件与主桁架1滑动连接；外层滑动保温件滑动连接在内层滑动保温件外侧，外层滑动保温件可以与内层滑动保温件的数目相同，且一一对应，也可以数量不同，外层滑动保温件的数量小于内层滑动保温件的数量。硬体保温组件还可以是多层结构，只要能够相互滑动，实现对温室的覆盖和打开即可。
下面以四段式保温结构为例进行说明，内层滑动保温件包括第一内层滑动保温件14和第二内层滑动保温件15；外层滑动保温件包括第一外层滑动保温件16和第二外层滑动保温件17，第一外层滑动保温件16滑动连接在第一内层滑动保温件14的外侧，第二外层滑动保温件17滑动连接在第二内层滑动保温件15的外侧，优选的，四部分可分别覆盖骨架7的1/4圆弧区域，其中任何一段或多段可以滑动打开或者关闭，实现温室的透光和遮光、保温和蓄热。这样的设计彻底改变了我国日光温室坐北朝南、东西走向的传统建筑结构模式与特点，因此，可以在任何方向建造多段式硬体保温日光温室，从而使日光温室的建造不受土地方位等限制，显著提高土地使用效率。
如图7-图10所示，为四段式硬体保温日光温室剖面结构，该温室与传统日光温室东西走向不同，其温室脊高为南北走向。其工作过程是：早晨，当太阳升起时，第一内层滑动保温件14和第一外层滑动保温件16位于骨架7的西侧，第一外层滑动保温件16覆盖在第一内层滑动保温件14的外侧，同时，第二内层滑动保温件15和第二外层滑动保温件17滑动至骨架7西侧，太阳光从温室东侧照进温室内部；中午时，第二内层滑动保温件15和第二外层滑动保温件17滑动至骨架7东侧，且第二外层滑动保温件17覆盖在第二内层滑动保温件15外侧，此时，太阳光从温室的顶部照进温室内部；下午时，第一内层滑动保温件14和第一外层滑动保温件16滑动至骨架7东侧，且第一外层滑动保温件16覆盖在第一内层滑动保温件14外侧，此时，太阳光从温室的西侧照进温室内部；晚上时，第一内层滑动保温件14和第一外层滑动保温件16滑动到骨架7西侧，且第一外层滑动保温件16从第一内层滑动保温件14上展开，第二外层滑动保温件17从第二内层滑动保温件15上展开，使第二外层滑动保 温件17与第一外层滑动保温件16位于温室的顶部，从而将温室完全覆盖，实现温室的遮光与保温。类似的，如果是五段式、六段式等以上的硬体保温结构，则随着早晨太阳从东到西的运动，每段硬体保温件可以逐渐从西向东侧滑动，直至全部硬体保温件滑动到温室的东侧，以满足作物生长对光照的需求，晚上，西侧半边的硬体保温件返回，实现全部遮光与保温覆盖。其中，各段硬体保温件的传动结构有很多，可参照公开号为CN203661717U和CN203523431U的专利文件，在此不做具体介绍和限定。
如图11和图12所示，对硬体保温日光温室进一步优化，在本实施例中，硬体保温日光温室的两端山墙5包括固定山墙501和运动山墙502；其中，固定山墙501优选的固定在骨架7两端的北侧；运动山墙502用于覆盖在骨架7的两端的南侧，并且运动山墙502可以由骨架7的南侧移动到骨架7的北侧，且与运动山墙502的位置对应的骨架7的两端南侧设置有透光膜6，使室内不与外界直接接触，为了提高透光率，透光膜6优选地采用单层透光膜，透光率达到85％以上，这样可以解决固定山墙因遮光而影响作物生长的问题。
上述山墙5的工作过程是：如图11和图12所示，早晨，将位于日光温室东侧的运动山墙502移动到骨架7北侧，晨光通过骨架7东侧的透光膜6进入温室内部，与现有的不可移动的山墙相比，大大提高了日光的利用率，中午过后，将东侧的运动山墙502移回骨架7的南侧，关闭东侧山墙5，进行保温，同时，将日光温室西侧的运动山墙502移动到骨架7北侧，午后的日光通过骨架西侧的透光膜6进入温室内部，充分地利用了日光。并且采用可运动的山墙比单纯的不采用遮光的山墙相比，既可以有效地保温，还可以充分进行日光的照射，保证温室的温度平衡，确保温室内东西山墙两端的作物正常生长。
对山墙5进一步优化，在本实施例中，山墙5还包括控制系统、温度传感器、日光传感器和驱动装置；其中，温度传感器与控制系统连接，用于监测室内外温度；日光传感器与控制系统连接，用于监测太阳光强度；驱动装置与运动山墙502传动连接；控制系统内预设有设定温度值和设定日照强度值，控制系统根据室内外温度和/或日照强度控制驱动装置驱动运动山墙502移动。
上述5山墙的工作原理和工作过程是：早晨，温度传感器监测室外温度， 并将室外温度信息发送给控制系统，控制系统接受到室内外温度信息后，与预设的设定温度值比较，当室外温度高于设定温度值时，控制系统控制驱动装置驱动东侧的运动山墙502由南侧移动到北侧；或者日光传感器监测到日照强度，将日照强度信息发动给控制系统，控制系统接受日照强度信息后，与预设的设定日照强度值进行比较，当日照强度高于设定日照强度值时，控制系统控制驱动装置驱动东侧运动山墙502由南侧移动到北侧；或者当室内外温度和日照强度均达到预设值时，控制系统才控制驱动装置动作。
当室内外温度和/或日照强度低于预设值时，控制系统控制驱动装置驱动东侧的运动山墙502返回南侧。西侧的运动山墙502的运动情况与东侧的运动情况相同，在此不再赘述。
其中，设定温度值和设定日照强度值根据地域和时节的不同进行调整，在此不做具体限定。
优选的，驱动装置包括驱动电机8、驱动带和导轨，运动山墙502在驱动电机8和驱动带的驱动和传动下，沿导轨移动，实现运动山墙502的开启和关闭。
在本发明实施例中，固定硬体保温件3、滑动硬体保温组件4和山墙5均由框架、防水层、隔热保温层和长波辐射层组成：框架为轻钢材质，保证了其硬度和结构强度，防水层、隔热保温层和长波辐射层由外至内依次设置在框架内。框架长度与温室长度一致，由钢管和钢筋等轻钢材料制成，框架的厚度根据各地的最低温度所需的隔热保温材料厚度确定；防水层主要由彩钢板、阳光板、耐力板、玻璃钢板、或石棉板等具有防雨、防雪、防火和防风功能的硬质材料组成；内部填充的隔热保温层主要由岩棉、玻璃丝棉、阻燃苯板、喷胶棉、热熔棉、或棉毡等材料组成；下层的长波辐射层主要由锡箔纸、反光膜等组成。与草帘、防寒被等软质覆盖材料相比，保温性能、抗自然灾害的能力大大增强。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见 的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，包括：
    主桁架(1)，所述主桁架(1)呈圆弧形结构，其上设置有第一滑道(101)；
    副桁架(2)，所述副桁架(2)呈圆弧形结构，每相邻两所述主桁架(1)之间平行布置有若干所述副桁架(2)，共同构成骨架(7)；
    硬体保温组件，其上设置有与所述第一滑道(101)滑动配合的第二滑道，形状与所述骨架(7)的圆弧形结构吻合，可在所述骨架(7)上覆盖和打开；
    滑动驱动系统，与所述硬体保温组件传动连接，驱动所述硬体保温组件在所述主桁架(1)上滑动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述硬体保温组件包括：
    固定硬体保温件(3)，所述固定硬体保温件(3)与所述骨架(7)的圆弧形结构吻合，其固定在所述骨架(7)的背光侧之间；
    滑动硬体保温组件(4)，所述滑动硬体保温组件(4)的内侧与所述固定硬体保温件(3)的外侧形状吻合，其上设置有与所述第一滑道(101)滑动配合的第二滑道，所述滑动驱动系统与所述滑动硬体保温组件传动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述滑动驱动系统包括：
    第一驱动杆(10)，所述滑动硬体保温组件(4)的外表面设置有驱动杆滑道(9)，所述第一驱动杆(10)的一端与所述驱动杆滑道(9)滑动连接；
    第二驱动杆(11)，所述第二驱动杆(11)与所述第一驱动杆(10)铰接，所述第二驱动杆(11)的远离铰接点的一端铰接固定；
    伸缩驱动器(12)，所述伸缩驱动器(12)的两端分别连接所述第一驱动杆(10)和所述第二驱动杆(11)，用于驱动所述第一驱动杆(10)和所述第二驱动杆(11)相对转动。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述滑动硬体保温组件(4)和所述固定硬体保温件(3)组成两段式保温结构，可分别覆盖在所述骨架(7)的南北对称两侧。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述滑动硬体保温组件(4)包括内层保温件(402)和外层保温件(401)，所述内层保温件(402)与所述主桁架(1)滑动配合，所述外层保温件(401)覆盖在所述内层保温件(402)上且可相对滑动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述内层保温件(402)、所述外层保温件(401)和所述固定硬体保温件(3)可分别覆盖所述骨架(7)的三分之一弧段。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述硬体保温组件包括：
    若干内层滑动保温件，每个所述内层滑动保温件与所述主桁架滑动连接；
    若干外层滑动保温件，滑动连接在所述内层滑动保温件的外侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，位于所述硬体保温日光温室两端的山墙(5)均包括：
    固定在所述骨架(7)北侧的固定山墙(501)；
    位于所述骨架(7)南侧且可移动至所述骨架(7)北侧的运动山墙(502)，与所述运动山墙(502)的位置对应的所述骨架(7)上设置有透光膜(6)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述山墙(5)还包括控制系统、温度传感器、日光传感器和驱动装置；
    所述温度传感器与所述控制系统连接，用于监测室内外温度；
    所述日光传感器与所述控制系统连接，用于监测日照强度；
    所述驱动装置与所述运动山墙(502)传动连接；
    所述控制系统根据室内外温度和/或日照强度控制所述驱动装置驱动所述运动山墙(502)移动。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的硬体保温日光温室，其特征在于，所述固定硬体保温件(3)、所述滑动硬体保温组件(4)和所述山墙(5)均包括：
    框架；
    设置在所述框架外侧的防水层；
    设置在所述框架内侧的长波辐射层；
    设置在所述框架内且填充在所述防水层和所述长波辐射层之间的隔热保温层。
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