WO2016051990A1

WO2016051990A1 - Illumination device, illumination system, illumination method, and program

Info

Publication number: WO2016051990A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/073447
Authority: WO
Inventors: 和樹池下; 中尾　勇; 悠策中島; 拓哉岸本; 岸井　典之; 康二松浦
Original assignee: ソニー株式会社
Priority date: 2014-10-03
Filing date: 2015-08-14
Publication date: 2016-04-07

Abstract

The present invention provides an illumination device that improves the distinguishability of different kinds of biological tissues for a user. Provided is an illumination device including: a light radiating unit that radiates two or more kinds of light among red light, green light, and blue light toward biological tissues; and a ratio adjusting unit that adjusts the intensity ratio of the two or more kinds of light to a predetermined ratio in accordance with a combination of the kinds of tissues contained in the biological tissues, wherein the ratio is a value that is determined on the basis of chromaticities calculated from the pixel values of individual pixels in regions corresponding to the individual tissues contained in the combination in a color image obtained by radiating the two or more kinds of light to the biological tissues.

Description

LIGHTING DEVICE, LIGHTING SYSTEM, LIGHTING METHOD, AND PROGRAM

This technology relates to a lighting device, a lighting system, a lighting method, and a program. In more detail, it is related with the illuminating device etc. which are used with respect to a biological tissue.

For example, in a place where a living tissue is observed such as a medical site, there has been a demand for an illumination device suitable for observing a living tissue, such as a “shadowless lamp” which is a lamp that cannot shadow under a lamp.

Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that “a plurality of types of illumination units that can irradiate light on an object, and a switching unit that switches between an illumination state and a non-illumination state of each of the plurality of types of illumination units. The plurality of types of illumination units are configured to irradiate light having different illuminance distributions, and are configured to change the illuminance distribution of the irradiated light by the switching means. A medical lighting device is disclosed. In the medical lighting device, the illuminance distribution of illumination can be changed, so that it is possible to cope with various situations of surgery.

JP 2012-81057 A

However, with respect to lighting devices that target living tissue, improvement of the lighting device is required so that the user can more clearly identify the type of living tissue.

Therefore, the main object of the present disclosure is to provide an illumination device that improves the discrimination between different types of biological tissues by the user.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present disclosure includes a light irradiation unit that emits two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue, and an intensity ratio of the two or more lights in the living tissue. A ratio adjusting unit that adjusts the ratio to a predetermined ratio according to a combination of tissue types, and the ratio corresponds to the combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. Provided is an illuminating device having a value determined based on chromaticity calculated from a pixel value in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included.
The ratio may be a value determined based on a mutual distance in each chromaticity diagram of the chromaticity.
Further, the color image is a plurality of images captured by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights, and the ratio is obtained when the image having the maximum distance among the plurality of images is captured. It may be an intensity ratio of two or more.
Furthermore, the color image is a plurality of images picked up by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights, and the ratio is a polygon whose vertex is the chromaticity in the chromaticity diagram among the plurality of images. The intensity ratio of the two or more lights when an image with the largest area is captured may be used.
The chromaticity diagram may be an xy chromaticity diagram, a u′v ′ chromaticity diagram, a uv chromaticity diagram, or a Lab chromaticity diagram.
The ratio adjusting unit may include a plurality of filters having different transmittances of the two or more lights. The two or more lights may be combined and applied to the living tissue.
Furthermore, the illumination device includes: an imaging unit that acquires a color image of the biological tissue irradiated with the two or more lights; and a pixel in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image A ratio acquisition unit that acquires the ratio based on chromaticity calculated from the value.

In addition, the present disclosure provides the illumination device, an imaging device that acquires a color image of the living tissue irradiated with the two or more lights, and an image display device that displays the color image acquired by the imaging device. A lighting system is provided.

The present disclosure further includes a light irradiation step of emitting two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue, and an intensity ratio of the two or more lights of the types of tissues included in the living tissue. A ratio adjusting step of adjusting to a predetermined ratio according to the combination, and the ratio is included in each combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. There is also provided an illumination method that is a value determined based on the chromaticity calculated from the pixel value of each pixel in the region corresponding to the tissue.

In addition, the present disclosure relates to a light irradiation function for emitting two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue, and an intensity ratio of the two or more light types of the tissues included in the living tissue. A ratio adjustment function for adjusting the ratio to a predetermined ratio according to the combination is realized by a computer, and the ratio corresponds to the combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. A program is also provided, which is a value determined based on the chromaticity calculated from the pixel value of each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included.

The present disclosure provides a lighting device that improves the discrimination between different types of biological tissues by the user. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the illuminating device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this indication. It is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result which used the linear learning method for the reflection spectrum obtained from the bone and the nerve, A shows the result at the time of applying a learning result, B shows the coefficient spectrum with respect to a spectrum. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the illuminating device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process for acquiring a ratio. A is a figure for demonstrating the method of converting the irradiation intensity of light, and B is a figure for demonstrating the method of converting the image obtained with white light. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the illuminating device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this indication. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the illuminating device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the illumination system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this indication. A and B are diagrams for explaining an image displayed on the image display device. It is the drawing substitute photograph of the biological tissue imaged by irradiating white light. 10 is a drawing substitute graph showing distances on a chromaticity diagram simulated in Experimental Example 1. FIG. 12 is an xy chromaticity diagram showing chromaticity coordinates of each pixel in an image captured in Experimental Example 1. FIG. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph of a living tissue imaged by irradiating light at a ratio determined in Experimental Example 1. FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the present disclosure will be described. In addition, embodiment described below shows typical embodiment of this indication, and, thereby, the range of this indication is not interpreted narrowly. The description will be given in the following order.
1. First embodiment (example using a predetermined ratio)
2. Second embodiment (an example having an imaging unit and a ratio acquisition unit)
3. Third embodiment (example configured as a lighting system)

1. First embodiment (lighting device)
(1) Configuration of Lighting Device According to First Embodiment A lighting device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a lighting device according to the present embodiment. In the drawing, the illumination device indicated by reference sign D1 includes at least a light irradiation unit 11 and a ratio adjustment unit 12. In addition, the illumination device D1 may employ another configuration as necessary from the configurations provided in a known illumination device. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the illumination device D <b> 1 may include a control unit 13 and a storage unit 14. Each structure of the illuminating device D1 is demonstrated in order.

<Light irradiation part>
The light irradiation unit 11 has a configuration for emitting two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to the living tissue T in the illumination device D1. The “two or more lights” may be a combination of two lights such as a combination of red light and green light, a combination of red light and blue light, and a combination of green light and blue light. It may be a combination of three lights of green light and blue light. Moreover, red light, green light, and blue light are each light in a wavelength band that is visible to each color among visible light. The wavelength band of each light can be, for example, 620 to 750 nm for red light, 495 to 570 nm for green light, and 450 to 495 nm for blue light. The width of the wavelength band of each color light can be set as appropriate.

In the present disclosure, the biological tissue is not particularly limited as long as it is derived from a living body. Examples of biological tissues include organs, blood vessels, bones, nerves, mucous membranes and the like.

The configuration of the light irradiation unit 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can irradiate the living tissue T with the above-described two or more lights, and can be freely designed from known configurations. For example, the light irradiation part 11 can be comprised by the

light sources

11a, 11b, 11c for emitting two or more lights mentioned above.

The

light sources

11a, 11b, and 11c are preferably laser light sources or LED light sources. With these light sources, it is easy to narrow the wavelength bands of red light, green light, and blue light. In particular, a laser light source is preferable because the wavelength band is narrow and relatively high-speed intensity modulation is possible.

Also, when illuminated with narrow band light, the influence of the light receiving filter characteristics can be reduced. If the obtained signal is S, the light source characteristic is L, the object characteristic is B, the light receiving filter coefficient is F, and the image processing coefficient is X, S = ((L * B) * F) * X. Since the modulation at X is applied to all the previous ((L * B) * F), the filter characteristics are also multiplied. Furthermore, in general, the filter has a wide wavelength band and has a portion that is superimposed with RGB, so that the identification becomes difficult. On the other hand, in the illumination intensity modulation using the narrow band light (when the wavelength band is light source <filter), only L corresponding to B is modulated. The characteristics of the object can be enhanced.

Further, the illumination device D1 may be provided with a ring illumination unit 18 or the like, and the light emitted from the light irradiation unit 11 may be guided in a ring shape to form ring illumination. Speckle can be reduced by using ring illumination. In addition, in the illuminating device D1, a plurality of light emission openings (see L1 in FIG. 1) irradiated toward the living tissue T are provided, and the above-described two or more light intensity adjustments are performed using the openings. You can also.

Furthermore, by providing the multiplexing unit 17 in the illuminating device D1, the two or more lights described above can be combined and irradiated onto the living tissue T. By using the combined light, the time resolution is higher than that of time sequential irradiation. In the present disclosure, the above-described two or more light irradiations may be time sequential.

<Ratio adjustment section>
The ratio adjusting unit 12 is a configuration for adjusting the above-described two or more light intensity ratios to a predetermined ratio according to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue T. This ratio is based on the chromaticity calculated from the pixel value in each pixel in the region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue T with two or more lights. It can be a predetermined value. The ratio will be described later.

“Combination of the types of tissues included in the living tissue” means that two or more types of tissue that are different from the types included in the living tissue T described above and that are desired to enhance their distinctiveness in the living tissue to be irradiated. Refers to a combination of tissues (see FIG. 1, T1, T2). For example, the combination of these tissues includes bone and nerve, muscle and blood vessel, artery and vein, and the like. In addition, even if they are derived from the same tissue, for example, those whose properties have changed, such as a normal site and a lesion site of the same tissue, are defined as different types of tissues in the present disclosure.

The configuration of the ratio adjustment unit 12 is particularly limited as long as the intensity ratio of the two or more lights described above can be adjusted to a predetermined ratio according to the combination of the types of tissues included in the living tissue T. Instead, it can be designed freely from known configurations. For example, the ratio adjusting unit 12 can be configured by a plurality of filters having different transmittances of the two or more lights described above.

FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting graph showing the result of using a linear learning method for reflection spectra obtained from bones and nerves. FIG. 2A is a graph showing results (ROC curve) when learning is applied. The vertical axis in FIG. 2A represents sensitivity, the horizontal axis represents false positives, and a curve is obtained by changing the cutoff value as a parameter. FIG. 2B is a graph showing a coefficient spectrum with respect to the spectrum. The vertical axis in FIG. 2B indicates the coefficient value, and the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength.

The results shown in FIG. 2A can be evaluated by, for example, AUC (area under curve), and the higher the area, the higher the performance. As shown in FIG. 2B, the results of the graph shown in FIG. 2A can be obtained by using a spectrum coefficient as shown in FIG. 2B for a spectrum obtained from a biological tissue such as bone or nerve.

And by using the chromaticity difference in the evaluation function represented by the following formula (1), a filter having characteristics equivalent to the obtained coefficient spectrum can be created. By using such a filter, it is possible to modulate the intensity of each light of red light, green light, and blue light so that the color of the living tissue is farthest on the chromaticity diagram. That is, by adopting a filter having the transmittance of the coefficient spectrum of each wavelength as shown in FIG. 2, the intensity of each light can be modulated to a ratio such that the color of the living tissue is farthest on the chromaticity diagram.

<Control unit>
The control unit 13 is a configuration for comprehensively controlling each configuration provided in the illumination device D1, and for example, selection of light of each color by the light irradiation unit 11 or two or more by the ratio adjustment unit 12, which will be described later. A program that comprehensively controls the adjustment of the light intensity ratio is executed. The control unit 13 may employ a known configuration such as a general-purpose computer including a CPU.

<Storage unit>
The storage unit 14 is configured to store an intensity ratio of two or more lights according to a combination of tissue types included in the living tissue T in the illumination device D1. For the storage unit 14, for example, a known storage medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a flash memory can be used. In addition, a general-purpose computer including a hard disk or the like can be adopted as the storage unit 14, and the above-described control unit 13 and storage unit 14 can be configured by a single general-purpose computer.

(2) Operation of Lighting Device According to First Embodiment The operation of the lighting device D1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. That is, an illumination method according to the present disclosure will be described.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing each step of the illumination method according to the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the illumination method according to the present disclosure includes at least a light irradiation step S11 and a ratio adjustment step S12. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process for acquiring the ratio used in the ratio adjustment process S12.

First, the intensity ratio of each color when irradiating a living tissue with two or more lights will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the process for acquiring the ratio includes an area setting process S21, a chromaticity calculation process S22, a distance calculation process S23, and a ratio determination process S24.

<Region setting process>
The region setting step S21 is a region corresponding to each tissue of a different type from a color image obtained by imaging a biological tissue including the same type of tissue as the tissue to be observed by the illumination device D1 according to the present embodiment. (See FIGS. 1, T, T1, and T2). Specifically, if the observation target is a bone and a nerve, a region corresponding to the bone and a region corresponding to the nerve are respectively set from the color drawing obtained by imaging a biological tissue including the bone and the nerve. To do. In addition, the number of regions to be set can be set as appropriate according to the number of types of tissues for which it is desired to enhance the identification of each other in observation.

The color image may be an image obtained by irradiating red light, green light, and blue light individually. In addition, when red light, green light, and blue light are irradiated at the same time, the same color image as that obtained when each color light is irradiated alone can be obtained by performing spectroscopy.

It is preferable that the color image for setting the region is a plurality of images picked up by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights described above. That is, in this step S21, at least a color image picked up by irradiating light of each color of red light, green light and blue light is picked up by irradiating light of a predetermined intensity, and from a predetermined intensity. It is preferable to use what was imaged by irradiating high light. It should be noted that a proportional coefficient in each living tissue is set to be substantially equal, a region is set for one color image captured by irradiating with light of a predetermined intensity, and values obtained by simulation are used later. It is also possible to perform the chromaticity calculation step S22, the distance calculation step S23, and the ratio determination step S24.

In addition, about the color image used for acquisition of a ratio, when each color image is prepared by imaging each tissue T1, T2 separately beforehand, this process S21 is abbreviate | omitted. The process may start from a chromaticity calculation step S22 described later.

<Chromaticity calculation process>
The chromaticity calculation step S22 is a step of calculating chromaticity from the pixel value of each pixel in the region set in the region setting step S21 described above. Calculation of chromaticity from the pixel value can be performed using a known calculation formula. Further, it is possible to calculate chromaticity suitable for a chromaticity diagram used in the distance calculation step S23 described later. In this step S22, when the set area is composed of a plurality of pixels, the chromaticity calculated from each pixel in the same area is averaged, and the averaged chromaticity is used in the distance calculation step S23 described later. May be. In calculating chromaticity based on a plurality of pixels in the same region, a known method such as a probabilistic method can be appropriately used.

<Distance calculation process>
The distance calculation step S23 is a step of calculating a distance on the chromaticity diagram for each chromaticity calculated in the above-described chromaticity calculation step S22. In this step S23, the chromaticity of the region corresponding to the tissue T1 and the chromaticity corresponding to the tissue T2 are respectively plotted at predetermined coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, and a vector between the chromaticity and the chromaticity is obtained. Ask for. The distance on the chromaticity diagram can be obtained as the Euclidean distance.

The chromaticity diagram used in this step S23 can be appropriately selected from known chromaticity diagrams according to the color of the tissue to be identified, the wavelength of light emitted from the light source, and the like. For example, the xy chromaticity diagram , U′v ′ chromaticity diagram, uv chromaticity diagram or Lab chromaticity diagram are preferred. In the Lab chromaticity diagram, the lightness can be excluded from the evaluation, and the distance between the chromaticity and the chromaticity can be obtained only by the color tone. is there. Further, in the u′v ′ chromaticity diagram and the uv chromaticity diagram, the chromaticity plot of the region set in the region setting step S21 has a shape corresponding to human color vision in two dimensions. For this reason, separating the distance on the chromaticity diagram can be made closer to the color difference felt by the user's vision.

When the Lab chromaticity diagram is used, the chromaticity plot of the region set in the region setting step S21 is more preferable for the same reason as described above because it has a shape corresponding to human vision (color vision) in three dimensions. . When the Lab chromaticity diagram is employed, the color difference ΔE can also be obtained using the following equation (2).

This color difference corresponds to human vision (color vision) as shown in Table 1 below.
(Https://www.nippondenshoku.co.jp/web/japanse/colorstory/08_allowance_by_color.html)
Also, by excluding L, it is possible to evaluate only by hue.

In addition to the chromaticity diagram described above, the Adams-Nickerson color space and the Hunter color space can also be used as chromaticity diagrams for obtaining the color difference.

<Ratio determination process>
The ratio determining step S24 is a step of determining the ratio based on the mutual distance in each chromaticity diagram of the chromaticity described above. In the chromaticity diagram described above, the distance between each chromaticity indicates the degree of color difference, and the longer the distance, the different the colors of the pixels from which the chromaticity is calculated. . For this reason, the color difference between the tissue T1 and the tissue T2 is greater as the chromaticity is more distant between the plurality of color images captured by changing the intensity of two or more lights. Indicates. For this reason, in this process S24, the intensity ratio of two or more lights when the image with the maximum distance on the chromaticity diagram is captured among the plurality of images can be determined as the ratio.

For example, when there are three types of tissues such as bone, nerve, and fat, the ratio can be determined in consideration of not only the above-described distance but also the distribution of coordinates on the chromaticity diagram. . That is, the ratio can also be an intensity ratio of two or more light when an image having a polygonal area having the maximum chromaticity in the chromaticity diagram among a plurality of images is captured.

The ratio determined in step S24 is stored in, for example, the storage unit 14 described above, and the ratio can be set when using the lighting device D1 in accordance with the type of tissue selected by the user. Further, the ratio determined in this step S24 may be stored in the server. In this case, for example, in the illuminating device D1, a ratio can also be set via a network.

Next, each step of the illumination method according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG.

<Light irradiation process>
The light irradiation step S11 is a step of emitting at least two of the red light, the green light, and the blue light to the living tissue. In this step, two or more preset lights are irradiated onto the living tissue from the light irradiation unit 11 according to the combination of the types of the tissues T1 and T2 included in the living tissue T.

<Ratio adjustment process>
In the ratio adjustment step S12, the intensity ratio of two or more of the red light, the green light, and the blue light emitted from the light irradiation unit 11 is set in advance according to the combination of the types of tissues included in the living tissue. Adjust to the specified ratio. The ratio is as described above. In this step S12, when the ratio adjusting unit 12 includes the plurality of filters described above, a filter to be used is selected from the plurality of

filters

12a, 12b, and 12c so as to obtain a desired ratio. Can be performed.

In addition, the above-described light irradiation function for emitting two or more of the red light, green light, and blue light to the living tissue, and the intensity ratio of these two or more lights are the types of tissues included in the living tissue. By creating a program for realizing a ratio adjustment function that adjusts to a predetermined ratio according to the combination of the above, and mounting the program on the light irradiation unit and the ratio adjustment unit of the lighting device, the light irradiation unit and the ratio The adjustment unit can be implemented.

The illumination device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure can irradiate light so as to further strengthen the difference in color between two or more types of different tissues to be observed by providing the above-described configuration. Therefore, the user can obtain a larger color difference in order to identify the living tissue, and can identify the living tissue with higher accuracy.

Also, in the chromaticity diagram, it is possible to increase the color difference without increasing the illumination intensity by irradiating the light intensity of each color at a ratio evaluated on a scale excluding brightness.

In addition, in the light irradiation to the living tissue, improving the distinguishability by changing the ratio of the irradiation intensity of the light of each color means that the color difference obtained by irradiating the living tissue with the white light is subjected to image processing. There are advantages compared to the emphasis method. FIG. 5A shows a case where discrimination is enhanced by changing the ratio of the irradiation intensity of light of each color, and FIG. 5B shows a method of enhancing the color difference by image processing. As shown in FIG. 5B, in image processing, in the case of linear transformation, already quantized data is corrected by calculation, so that there is a possibility that a quantization error is promoted or image data is lost. there is a possibility. On the other hand, in the method of optimizing the illumination intensity, data deterioration caused by image processing does not occur. For this reason, the quality of the obtained image data is high, and it is suitably used for subsequent image processing.

2. Second embodiment (lighting device)
(1) Configuration of Lighting Device According to Second Embodiment FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a configuration example of a lighting device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. In the drawing, the illumination device indicated by reference sign D2 includes the light irradiation unit 11 and the ratio adjustment unit 12 described above. Furthermore, the illumination device D2 includes an imaging unit 15 and a ratio acquisition unit 16. Moreover, the illuminating device D2 can be equipped with other structures, such as the control part 13 and the memory | storage part 14, like 1st Embodiment. In addition, an optical path switching unit 19 composed of a dichroic mirror or the like may be provided according to the arrangement of the imaging unit 15 (see arrow L2 in FIG. 6).

The illuminating device D2 is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the “imaging unit 15” and the “ratio acquisition unit 16”. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

<Imaging unit>
The imaging unit 15 is configured to acquire a color image of a living tissue irradiated with two or more lights in the illumination device D2. The configuration of the imaging unit 15 is not particularly limited as long as a color image of a living tissue can be acquired, and can be freely designed from known configurations. For example, it can be configured by a PMT (photomultiplier tube), an area imaging device such as a CCD or CMOS device, or the like.

<Ratio acquisition department>
The ratio acquisition unit 16 is a configuration for acquiring a ratio based on the chromaticity calculated from the pixel value in each pixel in the region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image in the illumination device D2. The ratio acquisition unit 16 can be configured by, for example, a general-purpose computer equipped with a CPU or the like. Further, it may be configured by a single computer together with the control unit 13 and the storage unit 14 described above.

(2) Operation of Lighting Device According to Second Embodiment FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the lighting device D2 according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the operation of the illumination device D2 includes an imaging step S31, a ratio acquisition step S32, a light irradiation step S33, and a ratio adjustment step S34. Among these steps, the light irradiation step S33 and the ratio adjustment step S34 are the same as the steps having the same names in the lighting device according to the first embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted here. Moreover, since the ratio acquisition step S32 is the same as the above-described step for acquiring the ratio, description thereof is omitted (see FIG. 4).

<Imaging process>
The imaging step S31 is a step for acquiring a color image of a living tissue irradiated with two or more lights. The color image obtained in this step S31 is used in the ratio acquisition step S32 in order to obtain an optimum ratio in the irradiation intensity of two or more lights described above.

In this step, it is preferable to acquire a plurality of color images while changing the intensity of each of red light, green light and blue light. In addition, each of red light, green light, and blue light may be individually irradiated to obtain a color image, or the color image obtained by irradiating with the irradiation light of each color after the simultaneous irradiation. It can also be.

In the illuminating device according to the present embodiment, since the ratio is determined from the image obtained by imaging the observation target itself, the intensity ratio of two or more lights irradiated on the observation target can be further optimized. Other configurations and effects are the same as those of the lighting apparatus according to the first embodiment described above.

3. Third embodiment (lighting system)
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a configuration example of an illumination system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. In the drawing, the illumination system indicated by reference numeral S includes an illumination device D1, an imaging device 2, and an image display device 3. Since the illuminating device D1 is the same as the illuminating device D1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, the description is abbreviate | omitted and hereafter, the imaging device 2 and the image display apparatus 3 are demonstrated. Note that the illumination system S may be provided with, for example, an optical path switching mechanism 4 according to the arrangement of the imaging device 2 and the like.

<Imaging device>
The imaging device 2 has a configuration for acquiring a color image of a living tissue irradiated with two or more lights. As long as the imaging device 2 can obtain a color image of a living tissue, the specific mode is not particularly limited, and can be freely designed from known configurations such as a digital camera.

<Image display device>
The image display device 3 is configured to display a color image acquired by the imaging device 2. As long as the image display apparatus 3 can display a color image, the specific aspect is not specifically limited, For example, a display etc. can be employ | adopted. Moreover, this display is not limited to what is installed on a stand, For example, you may be equipped with the medical goggles etc.

The image display device 3 can also display a color image after performing image processing. 9A and 9B are diagrams for explaining an image displayed on the image display device 3. 9A and 9B, “X” and “◯” on the chromaticity diagram indicate the chromaticity of each tissue. As shown in FIG. 9A, the chromaticity of each tissue in a color image captured by irradiating a living tissue with white light or the like is obtained by optimizing the intensity of each of red light, green light, and blue light. (See FIG. 9A, arrow). Then, the image display device 3 according to the present embodiment is configured so that each tissue in the chromaticity diagram in the case where the irradiation ratio is optimized is determined from the intermediate point of the chromaticity in each tissue in the chromaticity diagram in the case where white light or the like is irradiated. The vector to the midpoint of chromaticity can be subtracted from the chromaticity of each tissue. That is, a color image captured without optimizing the irradiation intensity of light of each color, such as using white light, can be displayed again after image processing is performed so as to maintain a distance on the chromaticity diagram. (See FIG. 9B, arrow).

In the illumination system according to the present embodiment, even when the biological tissue to be observed exists in a position where the user cannot directly see, for example, when the biological tissue is in the body, a color image with high tissue identification is displayed. Can be viewed through an image display device. For this reason, tissue identification can be performed with higher accuracy. Other configurations and effects are the same as those of the lighting apparatus according to the first embodiment described above.

It should be noted that the effects described above are merely examples and are not limited, and may have other effects.

The present disclosure can have the following configurations.
(1) A combination of a light irradiation unit that emits two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue, and an intensity ratio of the two or more lights to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue And a ratio adjusting unit that adjusts the ratio to a predetermined ratio, and the ratio corresponds to each tissue included in the combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. A lighting device having a value determined based on chromaticity calculated from a pixel value in each pixel of a region to be operated.
(2) The lighting device according to (1), wherein the ratio is a value determined based on a mutual distance in each chromaticity diagram of the chromaticity.
(3) The color image is a plurality of images picked up by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights, and the ratio is obtained when the image having the maximum distance among the plurality of images is picked up. The illumination device according to (2), wherein the light intensity ratio is greater than or equal to two.
(4) The color image is a plurality of images picked up by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights, and the ratio is a multiple of the plurality of images having the chromaticity in the chromaticity diagram as a vertex. The illumination device according to (2), which is an intensity ratio of the two or more lights when an image having the largest square area is captured.
(5) The illumination device according to any one of (2) to (4), wherein the chromaticity diagram is an xy chromaticity diagram, a u′v ′ chromaticity diagram, a uv chromaticity diagram, or a Lab chromaticity diagram.
(6) The illumination device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the ratio adjusting unit includes a plurality of filters having different transmittances of the two or more lights.
(7) The illumination device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the two or more lights are combined and applied to the living tissue.
(8) Further, from an imaging unit that acquires a color image of the biological tissue irradiated with the two or more lights, and a pixel value in each pixel of a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image A lighting device according to any one of (1) to (7), further including a ratio acquisition unit that acquires the ratio based on the calculated chromaticity.
(9) The illuminating device according to any one of (1) to (7), an imaging device that acquires a color image of the biological tissue irradiated with the two or more lights, and acquired by the imaging device An illumination system comprising: an image display device that displays the color image.
(10) The light irradiation step of emitting two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to the living tissue, and the intensity ratio of the two or more lights to a combination of the types of tissues included in the living tissue And a ratio adjusting step for adjusting the ratio to a predetermined ratio, and the ratio is applied to each tissue included in the combination in the color image acquired by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. An illumination method that is a value determined based on chromaticity calculated from a pixel value in each pixel of a corresponding region.
(11) A combination of a light irradiation function for emitting two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue and an intensity ratio of the two or more lights to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue. In response, the computer realizes a ratio adjustment function for adjusting to a predetermined ratio,
The ratio is determined based on chromaticity calculated from pixel values in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image obtained by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. The program that is the value.

1. Experimental example 1
In this experimental example, chromaticity was calculated from each pixel of a color image obtained by imaging a living tissue, and optimization of irradiation intensity was examined.

<Materials and methods>
In this experimental example, bones and nerves were collected from the porcine forelimbs and used as living tissue. FIG. 10 is a color image obtained by imaging the bones and nerves used in this experimental example with white light. As shown in FIG. 10, these tissues both appear white to the naked eye.

For each bone and nerve, color image data from which pixel values can be extracted by irradiating each of red light (R = 638 nm), green light (G = 532 nm), and blue light (B = 464 nm) independently. I got it. Then, regions corresponding to the bones and nerves of each image were set, and the chromaticity of each region was calculated from the pixel values. In this experimental example, the chromaticity diagram is an xy chromaticity diagram of the XYZ color system.

In addition, since each obtained pixel value changes linearly with respect to the irradiation intensity of the light source, the intensity ratio of green light (532 nm) and blue light (464 nm) and red light (638 nm) of the light irradiated to the bone and nerve. And xy chromaticity when the intensity ratio of blue light (464 nm) was changed in the range of 10 ⁻¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁰ , respectively. FIG. 11 shows the result of the simulation. In addition, the Euclidean distance on the bone and nerve chromaticity diagram in each case was calculated from the simulation results. The Euclidean distance was calculated by the following formulas (3) to (6).

The results of this experimental example are shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is an xy chromaticity diagram. As shown in FIG. 12, when the intensity ratio of each of red light, green light, and blue light was 1: 1: 1, the difference between the chromaticity in the bone and the chromaticity in the nerve was 0.0076. On the other hand, when the light intensity ratio of each color was 20: 1: 10, the difference between the chromaticity in the bone and the chromaticity in the nerve was 0.0138. That is, the intensity ratio was improved about twice. FIG. 13 shows color images of bones and nerves captured with the irradiation intensity of each light being 20: 1: 10.

The result of this experimental example shows that the chromaticity difference between tissues changes by changing the ratio of the irradiation intensity of each light of red light, green light and blue light. Therefore, it was shown that the distinguishability of living tissue can be improved by changing the ratio of the irradiation intensity of light of each color in the direction in which the distance of chromaticity increases.

D1, D2: Illumination device S: Illumination system T: Living tissue T1, T2: Tissue 11:

Light irradiation unit

11a, 11b, 11c: Light source 12:

Ratio adjustment unit

12a, 12b, 12c: Filter 13: Control unit 14: Storage Unit 15: imaging unit 16: ratio acquisition unit 17: multiplexing unit 18: ring illumination unit 19: optical path switching unit 2: imaging device 3: image display device 4: optical path switching mechanism

Claims

A light irradiator that emits two or more lights of red light, green light, and blue light to a living tissue;
A ratio adjusting unit that adjusts the intensity ratio of the two or more lights to a predetermined ratio according to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue;
The ratio is determined based on chromaticity calculated from pixel values in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image obtained by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. The lighting device that is the value.
The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio is a value determined based on a mutual distance in each chromaticity diagram of the chromaticity.
The color image is a plurality of images captured by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights,
The lighting device according to claim 2, wherein the ratio is an intensity ratio of the two or more lights when an image having the maximum distance among the plurality of images is captured.
The color image is a plurality of images captured by changing the intensity ratio of the two or more lights,
The ratio is an intensity ratio of the two or more lights when an image in which the area of a polygon having the chromaticity as a vertex in the chromaticity diagram is the maximum in the plurality of images is captured. The lighting device described in 1.
The lighting device according to claim 2, wherein the chromaticity diagram is an xy chromaticity diagram, a u′v ′ chromaticity diagram, a uv chromaticity diagram, or a Lab chromaticity diagram.
The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio adjusting unit includes a plurality of filters having different transmittances of the two or more lights.
The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the two or more lights are combined and applied to the living tissue.
Furthermore, an imaging unit that acquires a color image of the biological tissue irradiated with the two or more lights;
2. The illumination according to claim 1, further comprising: a ratio acquisition unit that acquires the ratio based on chromaticity calculated from pixel values in each pixel of a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image. apparatus.
A lighting device according to claim 1;
An imaging device that acquires a color image of the biological tissue irradiated with the two or more lights;
An illumination system comprising: an image display device that displays the color image acquired by the imaging device.
A light irradiation step of emitting two or more of the red light, green light and blue light to the living tissue;
A ratio adjustment step of adjusting the intensity ratio of the two or more light to a predetermined ratio according to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue,
The ratio is determined based on chromaticity calculated from pixel values in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image obtained by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. Lighting method.
A light irradiation function for emitting two or more of the red light, green light and blue light to the living tissue;
A ratio adjustment function for adjusting the intensity ratio of the two or more light to a predetermined ratio according to a combination of types of tissues included in the living tissue is realized by a computer.
The ratio is determined based on chromaticity calculated from pixel values in each pixel in a region corresponding to each tissue included in the combination in the color image obtained by irradiating the biological tissue with the two or more lights. The program that is the value.