WO2016050792A1 - Procédé et appareil de surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016050792A1
WO2016050792A1 PCT/EP2015/072469 EP2015072469W WO2016050792A1 WO 2016050792 A1 WO2016050792 A1 WO 2016050792A1 EP 2015072469 W EP2015072469 W EP 2015072469W WO 2016050792 A1 WO2016050792 A1 WO 2016050792A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coils
annular
pipe
coil
array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/072469
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Hunt
Malcolm BYARS
Dominic Patrick MCCANN
Original Assignee
Iphase Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iphase Limited filed Critical Iphase Limited
Publication of WO2016050792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016050792A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G01N27/08—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid which is flowing continuously
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/586—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters constructions of coils, magnetic circuits, accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/712—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/582—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters without electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of, and a monitoring apparatus for, monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography.
  • the multiphase flow comprises fluids, and may comprise a mixture of liquids, or one or more liquids in a mixture with solids and/or gases.
  • This invention relates to a multiphase flow metering apparatus and method which has a number of applications, in particular within the oil and gas exploration and production industry.
  • the method and apparatus is an arrangement of coils suitable for improving the use on Magnetic Induction Tomography, either used alone or in conjunction with other techniques such as those mentioned in GB2507368A.
  • Multi-component flows are often loosely called multiphase.
  • a mixed flow of oil and water is not multiphase (it is one phase - liquid) but it is multi-component (two components - oil and water).
  • a typical oilfield flow of oil, gas and water may often contain solids (for example, sand or hydrates) and thus have four components but only three phases.
  • multi-component and multiphase are used interchangeably to mean the same thing - a mixture of fluids and solids flowing in a pipe.
  • the operator In the case of a multiphase flow with several components, the operator (for example, an oil company) requirement may be the volume or mass flowrate of some or all of components. In a typical oilfield flow the operator requires the measurement of the mass flow of gas, oil and often the water, but typically not specifically the solids. Although measurement of the flowrate or concentration of solids is a useful additional measurement and can help determine the health of the downhole sand screens or gravel packs. Early detection of the potential failure of these elements of the system will help reduce failure of other components due to, for example, erosion.
  • An oil well starts life producing mainly oil, but as the oil depressurizes along the flow line gas is liberated, so at the wellhead there is almost always some gas present.
  • most wells produce some water and the amount increases through the life of the well until by the end of its life the well may be producing mostly water. Because of the long flow path even small quantities of gas may cause the well to slug - oscillating between high liquid and high gas states.
  • a gas well starts life producing mainly gas, but frequently this is associated with the production of light oil known as condensate and again later in life some water is likely to be produced.
  • Oil well' will be used to represent any kind of well drilled for oil and gas exploration and/or production, including injection wells that can be used for the purposes of production enhancement.
  • a list of the main multiphase flowmeters available can be found in oil industry catalogues (see for example MPFM Handbook Revision 2 2005 ISBN-82-91341 -89-3) along with the technologies used in each. The essence of many of them is that the overall mass flow is estimated by a Venturi meter, in most the density is estimated using a gamma density meter and then some sort of electrical method is used to estimate the oil/water ratio.
  • the common use of a gamma ray nuclear source is one particular requirement of devices that the industry has wanted to remove for some time. Obviously the use of a nuclear source brings issues related to health and safety but also security in some situations. The common use of a Venturi has also lead to reliability issues.
  • dP delta pressure
  • the Venturi imposes a restriction in the flow.
  • dP sensors can be a source of reliability issues, for example, a blockage or restriction of the pressure feed on one side of the sensor causes an overpressure resulting in the sensor failing. Large pressure transients cross the Venturi can have a similar result, it is not uncommon for these dP gauges to fail within a year or two of operation.
  • phase concentrations are averages and it is unknown how these phases are distributed in the flow.
  • a meter may indicate that the flow stream contains 70% oil and 30% gas.
  • the gas is distributed in small bubbles in the stream or in larger bubbles or even a single bubble.
  • phase densities are measured using samples of fluids and are considered constant between samples
  • slip velocities are calculated using models or all phases are pre-mixed before passing through the meter and it is assumed all 3 velocities are equal. Any of these assumptions can introduce significant errors in the measurements obtained.
  • electromagnetic energy can provide information related to certain physical properties of materials exposed to this type of energy.
  • Well known examples include the electromagnetic flowmeter, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and magnetic inductance tomography (MIT).
  • ECT electrical capacitance tomography
  • ERT electrical resistance tomography
  • MIT magnetic inductance tomography
  • a varying electric or magnetic field can be applied across the material and measurements of voltage, current and magnetic field can be used to measure certain physical parameters of the constituent components.
  • the present invention provides a monitoring apparatus for monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography, the apparatus comprising: at least one annular array of coils disposed around a pipe, each coil being adapted to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal and/or to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal, and at least one screening device for screening at least one of the coils of at least one of the annular arrays from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil, the screening device comprising an annular screen located around the pipe.
  • the annular screen is located radially inwardly of the at least one annular array of coils.
  • the annular screen comprises a plurality of screen portions, each screen portion being located at a respective position in an axial direction along the pipe.
  • the annular screen comprises a plurality of first electrically conducting screen portions, each first screen portion being offset, in an axial direction along the pipe, relative to at least one annular array of coils. More preferably, each first electrically conducting screen portion comprises a metallic sheet, optionally of copper.
  • the annular screen comprises a second electrostatic screen portion aligned, in an axial direction along the pipe, to at least one annular array of coils. More preferably, the second electrostatic screen portion comprises a sheet of electrically insulating material carrying an array of electrically conducting elements, each electrically conducting element being connected to an electrical ground potential via an electrical resistance.
  • each electrically conducting element is substantially planar and extends substantially along the sheet of electrically insulating material.
  • planar encompasses an element having a curvature so as to be oriented in a curved direction associated with and around the corresponding curvature of the circumference of the pipe.
  • each electrically conducting element comprises a plurality of electrically conductive spurs extending from a central part of the electrically conducting element, the spurs being mutually electrically insulated apart from at the central part.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion comprises a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the annular screen comprises an array of electrically conducting coil elements on a sheet of electrically insulating material, each coil element being substantially planar and extending substantially along the sheet of electrically insulating material, each coil element having a pair of electrical terminals selectively connectable to a source of electrical energy.
  • the apparatus further comprises a controller for selectively switching electrical current through selected coil elements in the array to generate from each energized coil element a local electromagnetic field. More preferably, the controller is adapted to modify an impedance connected to at least some of the respective selected coil elements in the array to modify the magnitude of the local electromagnetic field generated from the respective energized coil element. In one embodiment, the controller is adapted to selectively switch electrical current through selected coil elements in the array to provide a composite electromagnetic field generated from the energized coils and the energized coil elements having a controllable focal point within the pipe.
  • the controller is adapted to selectively switch electrical current through selected coil elements in the array to provide a composite electromagnetic field received by the coils from a controllable focal point within the pipe.
  • the controller may be adapted to scan the controllable focal point across a cross-section of the pipe and/or along a flow direction along the pipe.
  • the controller may be adapted to scan the controllable focal point across a plurality of points to provide a pixelated image of the multiphase flow.
  • the apparatus further comprises at least one second screening device for screening at least one of the coils of at least one of the annular arrays from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil, the second screening device comprising an annular electrically conducting screen located around the pipe and radially outwardly of the at least one annular array of coils.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen comprises a metallic sheet, optionally of copper.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen is connected to an electrical ground potential via an electrical resistance.
  • the at least one annular array of coils comprises a first annular array of first coils arranged to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal and a second annular array of second coils arranged to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal.
  • each first coil is circumferentially offset, in a direction around the pipe, with respect to a respective adjacent second coil, to reduce or minimise direct electromagnetic coupling between the respective first and second coils.
  • the first and second coils are provided on opposite sides of a second sheet of electrically insulating material.
  • the first and second coils and the second sheet of electrically insulating material comprise a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the present invention further provides a method of monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography, the method comprising the steps of: a. providing at least one annular array of coils disposed around a pipe, each coil being adapted to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal and/or to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal, b. flowing a multiphase flow along the pipe; c. transmitting an electromagnetic field from a first coil into the multiphase flow; d. receiving by a second coil an electromagnetic field from the multiphase flow and generating an output electrical signal therefrom; and e. screening, during at least step (d), at least one of the coils of at least one of the annular arrays from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil, by a screening device comprising an annular screen located around the pipe.
  • the annular screen is located radially inwardly of the at least one annular array of coils.
  • the annular screen comprises a plurality of screen portions, each screen portion being located at a respective position in an axial direction along the pipe.
  • the annular screen comprises a plurality of first electrically conducting screen portions, each first screen portion being offset, in an axial direction along the pipe, relative to at least one annular array of coils.
  • each first electrically conducting screen portion comprises a metallic sheet, optionally of copper.
  • the annular screen comprises a second electrostatic screen portion being aligned, in an axial direction along the pipe, to at least one annular array of coils.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion comprises a sheet of electrically insulating material carrying an array of electrically conducting elements, each electrically conducting element being connected to an electrical ground potential via an electrical resistance.
  • each electrically conducting element is substantially planar and extends substantially along the sheet of electrically insulating material.
  • each electrically conducting element comprises a plurality of electrically conductive spurs extending from a central part of the electrically conducting element, the spurs being mutually electrically insulated apart from at the central part.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion comprises a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the annular screen comprises an array of electrically conducting coil elements on a sheet of electrically insulating material, each coil element being substantially planar and extending substantially along the sheet of electrically insulating material, each coil element having a pair of electrical terminals selectively connectable to a source of electrical energy.
  • the method further comprises, in step (e), selectively switching electrical current through selected coil elements in the array to generate from each energized coil element a local electromagnetic field.
  • step (e) an impedance connected to at least some of the respective selected coil elements in the array is modified to modify the magnitude of the local electromagnetic field generated from the respective energized coil element.
  • step (e) electrical current is selectively switched through selected coil elements in the array to provide a composite electromagnetic field generated from the energized coils and the energized coil elements having a controllable focal point within the pipe.
  • step (e) electrical current is selectively switched through selected coil elements in the array to provide a composite electromagnetic field received by the coils from a controllable focal point within the pipe.
  • the method further comprises the step of (f) scanning the controllable focal point across a cross-section of the pipe and/or along a flow direction along the pipe.
  • the scanning of the controllable focal point is across a plurality of points to provide a pixelated image of the multiphase flow.
  • step (e) at least one second screening device screens at least one of the coils of at least one of the annular arrays from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil, the second screening device comprising an annular electrically conducting screen located around the pipe, and typically radially outwardly of the at least one annular array of coils.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen comprises a metallic sheet, optionally of copper.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen is connected to an electrical ground potential via an electrical resistance.
  • the at least one annular array of coils comprises a first annular array of first coils arranged to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal in step (c) and a second annular array of second coils arranged to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal in step (d).
  • each first coil is circumferentially offset, in a direction around the pipe, with respect to a respective adjacent second coil, to reduce or minimise direct electromagnetic coupling between the respective first and second coils.
  • the first and second coils are provided on opposite sides of a second sheet of electrically insulating material.
  • the first and second coils and the second sheet o electrically insulating material comprise a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the present invention relates specifically to an improved method and apparatus for the use of MIT (Magnetic Induction Tomography), in particular in the application of MIT to measuring multiphase flows in the oil and gas and other industries.
  • MIT Magnetic Induction Tomography
  • the principle of MIT is that electric coils are excited with alternating current that results in the coils producing varying electromagnetic fields.
  • the object of interest is placed within these fields and the varying field induces varying currents within the object that is dependent on the conductivity of the object.
  • the varying currents in the object produce secondary electromagnetic fields that can be received by the same or other coils.
  • the received secondary electromagnetic field in conjunction with the primary imposed electromagnetic field can use be used to compute the conductivity contrast between the object and the material that surrounds it. See for example EP 2044470 Al and US 20080258717.
  • Magnetic induction has been used to measure components of a multiphase flow, see US7276916B2, but this application makes only one measurement across the flow.
  • MIT is mentioned as one of three combination elements in GB2507368A.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus to improve the measurements of such a system.
  • the preferred embodiments of this invention disclose a method to measure the flow of mixtures of fluids from a well or group of wells during oil and gas exploration, production or transportation operations.
  • Figure 1 illustrates multiphase flow through a pipeline
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show schematics of an electromagnetic measurement that is in accordance with an embodiment of the state of the art
  • Figure 3 shows the approximate electromagnetic field lines of the coils used in the state of the art
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional end view of an arrangement of transmitting and receiving coils and a screening device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic sectional side view of the arrangement of transmitting and receiving coils and screening device of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a first screen which may be used in the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a second screen which may be used in the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic of a multiphase flow, 1 1 , in a pipeline 10.
  • Figure 1 , 12 illustrates the primary or continuous phase of the flow, e.g., oil, water or gas.
  • two other constituents to the flow labelled 13 and 14.
  • Solid (e.g., sand) in the flow is illustrated as labelled 15.
  • the figure illustrates that the flow in the pipeline, 10, has multiple phases including solids.
  • This figure is a simplistic and the distribution of these phases can vary significantly depending on the concentrations of each phase and the flow regime.
  • the structure of such multiphase flows can be very complex and there are many industry papers that attempt to explain this complexity and better understand these various flow regimes, the reasons for their existence and how they affect overall production performance, see for example Hunt et al 2010.
  • FIGs 2a, 2b and 2c is shown a schematic of a measurement element, 30, representing the state of the art.
  • Figure 2a shows a cross-section that is taken perpendicular to the flow and
  • Figure 2b is a view parallel to the flow.
  • the continuous or primary fluid phase or constituent is labelled 12, e.g., oil.
  • Two other phases or constituents are shown diagrammatically as 13 and 14; these could be gas and water, respectively.
  • Each of the antennae 36 can act as either a transmitting or receiving coil and can change between the two modes.
  • antennae 313 is shown as a transmitter.
  • a varying electric current is passed through the coil 313 as illustrated by the sign wave 37.
  • this varying signal is shown as a sine wave it could be of another form, e.g., square wave and all other potential forms are provided in this invention.
  • the varying electric current passing through the coil 313 will generate a varying electromagnetic flux through the multiphase fluid 11 that is within the pipe.
  • the electromagnetic flux lines are schematically shown and one is labelled 314 for illustration purposes.
  • a varying current is induced in the second phase, 14. This is shown schematically and labelled 315 in Figure 2a.
  • This induced current will in turn generate a secondary varying electromagnetic field that will propagate through the pipe where it will be pickup by the other antennae that are used as receivers.
  • This secondary varying electromagnetic field is shown as dashed lines and labelled 316 in Figure 2a and will induce varying currents in the receiver coils. This is shown schematically in one coil on Figure 2a and labelled 38. Comparing 37 and 38 with appropriate processing, for example, the phase shift between the signals, allows the conductivity contrast between the materials, for example, 12, 13 and 14, to be computed.
  • each coil being either a transmitter or receiver
  • a configuration can be provided whereby certain coils are always transmitters and others are always receivers.
  • coils can be enclosed within other coils so that dedicated transmitter and receiver coils are at the same location.
  • FIG. 2b it is shown that there are 2 sets of coils 36 and 317 that are separated by a known fixed distance 39. Both sets operate in the same fashion and provide independent meshes or images of the flow at two points along the pipe 10. It is possible to cross correlate the measurements from these two sets, 36 and 317, in order to establish the time-of-flight of features that represent different phases in the multiphase flow 11.
  • 31 1 shows two curves; one showing a feature passing coils 36 and the second the same feature passing electrodes 317.
  • the time difference between the features provides the time it takes for this phase to travel from 36 to 317, that is, the distance 39.
  • Figure 2a shows 3 phases (12, 13 and 14); it is possible that more can be present and in particular solids (e.g. sand) can also be present. Also, these velocities can be obtained when the primary or continuous phase is either conducting (e.g. water) or non-conducting fluid (e.g. oil).
  • conducting e.g. water
  • non-conducting fluid e.g. oil
  • the electromagnetic measurement, 30, as described above will provide measurements where there is a conductivity contrast between the phases. This is possible when the different phases or constituents are flowing in a predominately conducting (e.g. water) or non-conducting (e.g. oil) primary phase 12.
  • Figure 3 shows the same embodiment as in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, but simplified and indicating the approximate electromagnetic field lines 320 when coil 36 is energised as a transmitter and coils 317 are receivers.
  • transmitter 313 is a transmitter for a period of time, then the next coil of the array 36 is energised as transmitter in sequence around the pipe.
  • the electromagnetic field lines seen from a side view will have a similar form to 320.
  • a significant limitation of this embodiment of the state of the art is that the electromagnetic field lines 320 extend for an unlimited length of the pipe so that an element of multiphase flow, such as a bubble of water, represented by 321 , will influence the measurement as it cuts the electromagnetic field lines 320 even though it is nominally Outside' of the sensor.
  • a similar element such as 13 will have a larger effect on the measurement as the electromagnetic field lines are closer together towards the centre of the sensor, but the measurement cannot differentiate between the effects of the two elements of multiphase flow.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 is shown a preferred embodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the present invention, the apparatus being for monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography.
  • the monitoring apparatus 400 comprises two annular arrays 402, 404 of coils disposed around a pipe 408 which defines therein an imaging space 406.
  • each first coil 410, and indicated as TX is adapted to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal
  • each second coil 412 and indicated as RX is adapted to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal.
  • each first coil 410 is circumferentially offset, indicated by the angle a, in a direction around the pipe 408, with respect to a respective adjacent second coil 412, to reduce or minimise direct electromagnetic coupling between the respective first and second coils 410,
  • first and second coils 410, 412 are provided on opposite sides of a sheet of electrically insulating material 414.
  • the first and second coils 410, 412 and the sheet of electrically insulating material 414 comprise a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the monitoring apparatus 400 forming a cylindrical MIT sensor, has 8 electrode-pairs provided by the first and second coils 410, 412.
  • the MIT sensor coil arrays 402, 404 are formed by pairs of transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) coils 410, 412 printed on two sides of a flexible PCB laminate formed into a cylinder.
  • the coils 410, 412 in each pair are offset by the angle a selected to minimise the direct coupling between the TX and RX coils within each pair.
  • each coil is adapted to transmit an electromagnetic field when energized by an input electrical signal and/or to receive an electromagnetic field and generate an output electrical signal.
  • This may be provided by a flexible printed circuit board.
  • the monitoring apparatus 400 further comprises a screening device 416 for screening at least one of the coils 410, 412 of at least one of the annular arrays 402, 404 from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil 410, 412.
  • the screening device 416 comprises an annular screen 418 located around the pipe 408 and radially inwardly of the annular arrays 402, 404 of coils.
  • the internal screening device 416 consists of a partially- earthed electrostatic screen (ES) in the opposite the coil array (CA) location, with earthed conductive metal, e.g. solid copper, screens (CS) on opposite sides, with respect to the axial direction of the pipe 408, of the electrostatic screen (ES) and the coil array (CA) for electromagnetic and electrostatic screening.
  • the annular screen 418 comprises a plurality of first electrically conducting screen portions 420.
  • Each first screen portion 420 is offset, in the axial direction X-X along the pipe 408, relative to at least one of the first and second annular arrays 402, 404 of the first and second coils 410, 412.
  • the first electrically conducting screen portions 420 comprise a metallic sheet, typically of copper.
  • the annular screen 418 also comprises a second electrostatic screen portion 424.
  • the second screen portion 424 is aligned, in the axial direction X-X along the pipe 408, to at least one of the first and second annular arrays 402, 404 of the first and second coils 410, 412.
  • the monitoring apparatus 400 further comprises at least one second screening device 450 for screening at least one of the coils 410, 412 of the annular arrays 402, 404 from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil 402, 404.
  • the second screening device 450 comprises an annular electrically conducting screen 452 located around the pipe 408 and radially outwardly of the annular arrays 402, 404.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen 452 comprises a metallic sheet, typically of copper.
  • the annular electrically conducting screen 452 is connected, as illustrated schematically, to the electrical ground potential 432 via the electrical resistance 434.
  • the earthed cylindrical metallic electromagnetic screen 450 is located around the outside of the sensor to minimise external interfering signals from being received by the RX coils.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion 424 comprises a sheet 426 of electrically insulating material carrying an array 428 of electrically conducting elements 430.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion 424 comprises a flexible printed circuit board.
  • Each electrically conducting element 430 is (for clarity of illustration as shown schematically for one element 430) connected to an electrical ground potential 432 via an electrical resistance 434.
  • each electrically conducting element is substantially planar, but including any curvature of the annular screen 420, and extends substantially along the sheet 426 of electrically insulating material.
  • Each electrically conducting element 430 comprises a plurality of electrically conductive spurs 436 extending from a central part 438 of the electrically conducting element 430. The spurs 436 are mutually electrically insulated apart from at the central part 438.
  • the second electrostatic screen portion 424 is constructed from an array of "star” screening elements.
  • the embodiment shows an array of 4 x 4 elements, but any desired number may be provided.
  • Each "star” is earthed via a resistor which has a sufficiently low value to hold the screen at ground potential, while preventing any significant currents flowing to earth, which would otherwise act as an electrical short-circuit.
  • any capacitive coupling between the transmitting coils 410, TX and receiving coils 412, RX in the magnetic induction tomography (MIT) arrays 402, 404 can be minimised or eliminated by locating the cylindrical electrostatic screen portion 424 between the coils 410, 412 and the imaging space 406.
  • the electrostatic screen portion 424 provides a network of partially-earthed printed circuit board (PCB) tracks, which extend over the area of the imaging space 406 but do not create any closed current paths (or loops). The absence of any closed current paths avoids the generation of eddy currents at high frequency electromagnetic fields, for example 10MHz, which would generate a secondary electromagnetic field, which in turn would cancel the primary electromagnetic field at the screen surface.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the earthed metal screen formed by the first electrically conducting screen portions 420 acts as an electromagnetic screen because the electromagnetic field would cause large eddy currents to flow in the conducting screen portions 420 and these currents would generate a secondary electromagnetic field, which would cancel the primary field at the screen surface.
  • an axially-long transmitting coil may be used with a relatively short receiving coil, as a possible method for improving measurement sensitivity and axial resolution.
  • a means o making the region in front of the transmitting coil 410 transparent to electromagnetic fields when this coil 410 is excited, while making it act as an electromagnetic screen when the coil-pair is in receiving mode is provided by replacing the conducting regions of the inner screen of Figure 6 with a switchable electromagnetic screen which can be switched on and off using an array of coils which can be switched to be either open or short-circuited.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic "intelligent" screen array which may be used as an alternative as the annular screen 418 of Figures 4 and 5.
  • the annular screen 418 is provided by annular screen 500 which comprises an array 502 of electrically conducting coil elements 504 on a sheet 506 of electrically insulating material.
  • Each coil element 504 is substantially planar, but including any curvature of the annular screen 500, and extends substantially along the sheet 506 of electrically insulating material.
  • Each coil element 504 has a pair of electrical terminals 508, 510 selectively connectable is (for clarity of illustration as shown schematically for one element 504) to a source of electrical energy 512.
  • a 4 X 4 array of elements 504 is shown but any number may be selected as desired.
  • the monitoring apparatus further comprises a controller 514 for selectively switching electrical current through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to generate from each energized coil element 504 a local electromagnetic field.
  • the controller 514 is adapted to modify an impedance connected to at least some of the respective selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to modify the magnitude of the local electromagnetic field generated from the respective energized coil element 504.
  • the controller 514 is adapted to selectively switch electrical current through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to provide a composite electromagnetic field generated from the energized coils 410, when transmitting, and the energized coil elements 504 having a controllable focal point within the pipe 408. In another embodiment, the controller 514 is adapted to selectively switch electrical current through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to provide a composite electromagnetic field received by the coils 412, when receiving, from a controllable focal point within the pipe 408.
  • the controller 514 is adapted to scan the controllable focal point across a cross-section of the pipe 408 and/or along a flow direction along the pipe 408, and the scanning may scan the controllable focal point across a plurality of points to provide a pixelated image of the multiphase flow.
  • each of the coil elements 504 in the array 502 consists of a coil which can be shorted by connecting together the pair of electrical terminals 508, 510. When this is done, eddy currents will be generated in the coil element 504 which will generate a local electromagnetic field which will cancel the incident electromagnetic field.
  • each coil can be controlled independently of the others so that certain coils are on while others are off.
  • the selective on/off switching of the coils can be changed in order to create a required screening characteristic for the array as a whole.
  • the coil behaviour is changed by varying the impedance so that the coil can be gradually changed from open to short-circuit. The degree is controllable to change the coil electromagnetic 'transmissibility' characteristics.
  • Each coil is controlled independently in order to achieve a required screening or transmissibility behaviour for the array as a whole.
  • the array could be controlled to act as an 'electromagnetic lens' whose focal point is controllable.
  • Electromagnetic energy passing through the array is focused at a given focal point or the array is controlled to receive electromagnetic energy from a given focal point.
  • Such an array can then be controlled in real-time to scan across the flow cross-section and/or along the flow path as its focal point is moved. A pixelated image of the flow can thus be produced.
  • a composite intelligent screen may be provided by printing the electrostatic "star" screen of Figure 6 on one side of an insulating cylinder and the electromagnetic "coil” screen of Figure 7 on the other side of the cylinder. With suitable switching, the function of the individual array elements could therefore be controlled remotely.
  • the monitoring apparatus 400 is used in a method of monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography.
  • a multiphase flow is flowed along the pipe 408.
  • An electromagnetic field is transmitted from a first coil 410 into the multiphase flow.
  • the plural first coils 410 are sequentially driven with the same signal, and in turn each o the first coils 410 becomes an active transmitter for a period of time.
  • the second coils 412 receive an electromagnetic field from the multiphase flow and generating an output electrical signal therefrom.
  • at least one of the coils 410, 412 of the annular arrays 402, 404 is screened from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil 410, 412, by the screening device 416, which comprises the annular screen 420, 500.
  • the second screening device 450 screens the coils 410, 412 of the annular arrays 402, 404 from an interfering electromagnetic field emitted from at least one other coil 410, 412.
  • electrical current is selectively switched through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to generate from each energized coil element 504 a local electromagnetic field .
  • an impedance (not shown) connected to at least some of the respective selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 is modified to modify the magnitude of the local electromagnetic field generated from the respective energized coil element 504.
  • the electrical current may be selectively switched through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to provide a composite electromagnetic field generated from the energized coils 410, when transmitting, and the energized coil elements 504 having a controllable focal point within the pipe 408.
  • the electrical current may be selectively switched through selected coil elements 504 in the array 502 to provide a composite electromagnetic field received by the coils 412, when receiving, from a controllable focal point within the pipe 408.
  • the controllable focal point may be scanned across the array 502 of electrically conducting coil elements 504 to scan the generated electromagnetic field across a cross-section of the pipe 408 and/or along a flow direction along the pipe 408. Tthe scanning of the controllable focal point may be across a plurality of points to provide a pixelated image of the multiphase flow.
  • the detector coils 410, 412 When the MIT monitoring apparatus 400 is used for flow measurement, the detector coils 410, 412 only "view" the area of the imaging space 406 at the same axial location as the coil arrays 402, 404 in order to maximise the axial resolution of the measurement system of the monitoring apparatus 400,
  • the cylindrical electromagnetic screen comprised of the plurality of first electrically conducting screen portions 420 is located between the coils 410, 412 and the imaging space 406. At an electromagnetic field frequency of 10MHz, the copper sheet of the first electrically conducting screen portions 420 acts as a good electromagnetic screen.
  • the two copper cylinders of the first electrically conducting screen portions 420 located offset forwardly and rearwardiy, in the flow direction along the pipe 408, relative to the coil arrays 402, 404, act to prevent the detector coils 410, 412 from "seeing" eddy current fields generated away from the axial location of the coil arrays 410, 412.
  • the screening of interfering electromagnetic fields increases the sensitivity of the electromagnetic induction tomography across the pipe and along the axis o the pipe as compared to known for monitoring multiphase flow in a pipe apparatus, and can provide lead to clearer and more precise imaging of the flow than possible by the current state of the art.
  • the present invention can provide more accurate measuring of the transit velocity of elements of the multiphase flow.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de surveillance d'un écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau par tomographie par induction magnétique, l'appareil comprenant : au moins un ensemble annulaire de bobines disposé autour d'un tuyau, chaque bobine étant conçu pour la transmission d'un champ électromagnétique une fois qu'elle est excitée par un signal électrique d'entrée, et/ou à la réception d'un champ électromagnétique et à la génération d'un signal électrique de sortie, et au moins un dispositif de blindage destiné à la protection électrique par écran d'au moins l'une des bobines d'au moins l'un des ensembles annulaires vis-à-vis d'un champ électromagnétique d'interférence émis à partir au moins une autre bobine, le dispositif de blindage comprenant un écran annulaire disposé autour du tuyau.
PCT/EP2015/072469 2014-09-29 2015-09-29 Procédé et appareil de surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau WO2016050792A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1417174.8 2014-09-29
GB1417174.8A GB2534337B (en) 2014-09-29 2014-09-29 Method and apparatus for monitoring of the multiphase flow in a pipe
GB1507135.0A GB2530601B (en) 2014-09-29 2015-04-27 Method and apparatus for monitoring of the multiphase flow in a pipe
GB1507135.0 2015-04-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016050792A1 true WO2016050792A1 (fr) 2016-04-07

Family

ID=51901295

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/072469 WO2016050792A1 (fr) 2014-09-29 2015-09-29 Procédé et appareil de surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau
PCT/EP2015/072463 WO2016050787A1 (fr) 2014-09-29 2015-09-29 Procédé et appareil pour la surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/072463 WO2016050787A1 (fr) 2014-09-29 2015-09-29 Procédé et appareil pour la surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (2) GB2534337B (fr)
WO (2) WO2016050792A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109989229A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2019-07-09 合肥日上电器股份有限公司 一种水位传感器

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2648974C1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2018-03-28 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Башкирский государственный университет" Способ и устройство для распознавания режимов течения газожидкостного потока в горизонтальном трубопроводе
GB2575253B (en) 2018-06-29 2021-12-08 Flodatix Ltd Magnetic induction tomography apparatus with tubular member having outer surface of polygonal cross-section for monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe
GB2575104B (en) * 2018-06-29 2022-11-30 Flodatix Ltd Method and apparatus for monitoring a multiphase flow in a pipe using magnetic induction tomography apparatus comprising planar coils
GB2590662B (en) * 2019-12-23 2022-10-12 Flodatix Ltd Electromagnetic sensor
GB2590907B (en) 2019-12-23 2022-02-09 Flodatix Ltd Method and apparatus for monitoring a multiphase fluid
DE102021114407A1 (de) 2021-06-03 2022-12-08 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E. V. Blasendetektionsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Blasen in einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schmelze

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993004493A1 (fr) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-04 Brtish Technology Group Usa, Inc. Bobine electromagnetique ecrannee de longueur limitee avec champ optimise et procede associe
US7276916B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2007-10-02 Epsis As Method and arrangement for measuring conductive component content of a multiphase fluid flow and uses thereof
US20080258717A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2008-10-23 Claudia Hannelore Igney Magnetic Induction Tomography System and Method
EP2044470A1 (fr) 2006-07-24 2009-04-08 Technische Universität Graz Procédé et dispositif de tomoscintigraphie magnétique par induction
EP2379990A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2011-10-26 Abbon AS Débitmètre multiphasé
EP2383582A2 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2011-11-02 Tesla Engineering Limited Assemblages de bobines de gradient
US20130229178A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Stephan Biber Local Screen and Method for the Screening Out of Magnetic Resonance Signals
GB2507368A (en) 2013-04-30 2014-04-30 Iphase Ltd Monitoring the flow of mixtures of fluids in a pipe

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3221248A (en) * 1959-09-28 1965-11-30 Dwight W Batteau Electrical apparatus responsive to particle motion through guard and detecting electric energy fields
GB1517697A (en) * 1974-08-02 1978-07-12 Kent Ltd G Measuring cells for measuring electrical conductivity of liquids
GB8820687D0 (en) * 1988-09-01 1988-10-05 Chr Michelsen Inst Three component ratio measuring instrument
GB2360094A (en) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-12 Marconi Caswell Ltd RF screens for MRI
US6945122B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-09-20 The Boeing Company Water cut meter for measurement of water in crude oil-magnetic
US7872474B2 (en) * 2006-11-29 2011-01-18 Shell Oil Company Magnetic resonance based apparatus and method to analyze and to measure the bi-directional flow regime in a transport or a production conduit of complex fluids, in real time and real flow-rate
JP5259452B2 (ja) * 2008-06-19 2013-08-07 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 電磁ポンプ吐出量測定方法
US9335195B2 (en) * 2011-02-16 2016-05-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Multiphase meter to provide data for production management
US10132847B2 (en) * 2011-12-06 2018-11-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Tomography of multiphase mixtures

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993004493A1 (fr) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-04 Brtish Technology Group Usa, Inc. Bobine electromagnetique ecrannee de longueur limitee avec champ optimise et procede associe
US7276916B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2007-10-02 Epsis As Method and arrangement for measuring conductive component content of a multiphase fluid flow and uses thereof
US20080258717A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2008-10-23 Claudia Hannelore Igney Magnetic Induction Tomography System and Method
EP2044470A1 (fr) 2006-07-24 2009-04-08 Technische Universität Graz Procédé et dispositif de tomoscintigraphie magnétique par induction
EP2379990A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2011-10-26 Abbon AS Débitmètre multiphasé
EP2383582A2 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2011-11-02 Tesla Engineering Limited Assemblages de bobines de gradient
US20130229178A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Stephan Biber Local Screen and Method for the Screening Out of Magnetic Resonance Signals
GB2507368A (en) 2013-04-30 2014-04-30 Iphase Ltd Monitoring the flow of mixtures of fluids in a pipe

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"MPFM Handbook", 2005

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109989229A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2019-07-09 合肥日上电器股份有限公司 一种水位传感器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2534337B (en) 2017-10-18
GB201507135D0 (en) 2015-06-10
GB2530601B (en) 2017-10-18
GB2534337A (en) 2016-07-27
WO2016050787A1 (fr) 2016-04-07
GB2530601A (en) 2016-03-30
GB201417174D0 (en) 2014-11-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2016050792A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de surveillance de l'écoulement polyphasique dans un tuyau
US10739177B2 (en) Method and apparatus for monitoring the flow of mixtures of fluids in a pipe
Meribout et al. Multiphase flow meters targeting oil & gas industries
Ismail et al. Tomography for multi-phase flow measurement in the oil industry
US6655221B1 (en) Measuring multiphase flow in a pipe
RU2122722C1 (ru) Контрольное устройство для определения многокомпонентного состава и процесс текущего контроля, использующий измерения полного сопротивления
WO2005057142A1 (fr) Procede et debitmetre permettant de determiner le debit des composants d'un fluide multiphase
CN101614701B (zh) 多相流含水率测试装置及其计算方法
SA519401907B1 (ar) طريقة ونظام لمراقبة جزء المياه باستمرار في تيار بئر نفط
US8324912B2 (en) Measurement tool and method of use
CN102428391A (zh) 基于总磁场测量的近海烃电磁勘探方法和设备
US10401203B2 (en) Multi-frequency micro induction and electrode arrays combination for use with a downhole tool
US7508222B2 (en) Electromagnetic flow meter
US20230013564A1 (en) Electromagnetic Sensor for Measuring Electromagnetic Properties of a Fluid and/or a Solid Comprising a Flexible Substrate
WO2009045111A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de mesure de la teneur en eau et de la concentration de sel d'un écoulement fluidique multiphase
WO2015015215A1 (fr) Caractérisation d'un échantillon de l'industrie du gaz et du pétrole
GB2529538A (en) Conductivity sensing
CN201464405U (zh) 一种多相流含水率测试装置
NO304333B1 (no) FremgangsmÕte og instrument for mÕling av trekomponents medium
Arsalan et al. Relative Permitivity Based Water-Cut Measurment Techniques for Permanent Downhole Applications in Multilateral Horizontal Wells
Karimi Additively Manufactured Conformal Microwave Sensors for Applications in Oil Industry
RU2486477C2 (ru) Устройство для измерения суммарного и фракционного расходов несмешивающихся сред
e Silva et al. MULTIPHASE FLOW METERING TECHNOLOGY UPDATED
Al-Sheri et al. Successful Optimization of Utilizing Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFMs) for Multiple Wells with a Wide Range of Fluid Properties in South Ghawar

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15771944

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 25/07/2017)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15771944

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1