WO2016043164A1 - Dimmable window - Google Patents

Dimmable window Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016043164A1
WO2016043164A1 PCT/JP2015/076050 JP2015076050W WO2016043164A1 WO 2016043164 A1 WO2016043164 A1 WO 2016043164A1 JP 2015076050 W JP2015076050 W JP 2015076050W WO 2016043164 A1 WO2016043164 A1 WO 2016043164A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
light control
glass
plate
outdoor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/076050
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
政信 小川
龍弥 白河
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Publication of WO2016043164A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016043164A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dimming window applied to a window glass of a railway vehicle, an automobile, an aircraft, a ship, and a building.
  • multilayer glass As for the window glass for railway vehicles, in order to improve sound insulation, heat insulation, and safety, multilayer glass is generally used (see Patent Document 1, etc.).
  • This multilayer glass is configured by separating an outdoor glass plate and an indoor glass plate via a spacer and sealing a peripheral edge portion with a sealing material.
  • the outdoor glass plate of the multilayer glass disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with a self-dimming film for the purpose of suppressing intrusion of light and heat from the outside.
  • This self-light-modulating film is formed by sputtering on the surface facing the indoor glass plate among the two surfaces of the outdoor glass plate.
  • the self-light modulating film can have a visible light transmittance of 70 to 90%, and when the intensity of external light is high, the visible light transmittance can be 50 to 70%.
  • the self-modulating film when the self-modulating film is used, the transmittance changes according to the intensity of external light, and thus it is difficult for the passenger to arbitrarily adjust the transmittance.
  • a light-modulating sheet that changes light transmittance by voltage application for example, a suspended particle device (hereinafter referred to as SPD (Suspended Particle Device)) may be applied to the light-modulating window. It has been.
  • SPD suspended Particle Device
  • This SPD has a characteristic that it becomes transparent when a voltage is applied and becomes opaque (ie, dark) when no voltage is applied.
  • the window becomes opaque. Therefore, if an accident such as a power failure occurs, the room may become dark.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a light control plate that becomes opaque when a voltage is applied and becomes transparent when a voltage is not applied.
  • This light control plate is configured by enclosing a liquid crystal light control material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal and a cured product between two transparent plates with a transparent electrode. According to this light control plate material, since it becomes transparent when the voltage application is cut off, it is possible to prevent the room from becoming dark when an accident such as a power failure occurs.
  • JP 2004-175622 A Japanese Patent No. 3890841
  • the light control plate material when the light control plate material is applied alone as a light control window, the light control plate material has a problem that it is difficult to apply the light control plate material alone because it is weak against external force such as wind pressure.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light control window having a light control plate material with improved antiglare function and resistance to external force.
  • one aspect of the present invention includes at least an outdoor glass plate arranged on the outdoor side and an indoor glass plate arranged on the indoor side, the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate And a multi-layer glass in which an outdoor side glass plate and an indoor side glass plate are separated via a spacer and a sealing material so that a hollow layer is formed between them, and becomes opaque when a voltage is applied, and when not applied
  • a liquid crystal light control material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal that is transparent and a cured product is provided with a light control plate material enclosed between two transparent plates with a transparent electrode, and the outdoor glass plate and the indoor side
  • the visible light transmittance of one glass plate among the glass plates is 70% or less, and the light control plate material is provided on one facing surface of the facing surfaces of the outdoor side glass plate and the indoor side glass plate. It is characterized by being attached To provide a dimming window.
  • the intensity of light is reduced before the outside light enters the room, and the light control window Sufficient anti-glare effect. Furthermore, since the light control plate material is protected by the multi-layer glass, it is possible to increase the resistance to external force.
  • the glass plate having a Tv of 70% or less may be a single glass plate or a laminated glass.
  • a single glass plate having a Tv of 70% or less is obtained by adding a near-infrared light absorber to the glass material or coating a near-infrared light absorber on the glass plate during the production of the glass plate.
  • a laminated glass having a Tv of 70% or less can be produced by using a near-infrared absorption type intermediate film in which a light absorber only in the near-infrared region is added to the material of the intermediate film.
  • one aspect of the light control window of the present invention is attached to the side of the hollow layer of the indoor glass plate of the multilayer glass, that is, the surface facing the outdoor glass plate of the indoor glass plate.
  • the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate are bent by the wind pressure, but the indoor glass plate is less affected by the wind pressure.
  • the liquid crystal light control material can be prevented from being deteriorated due to the light control plate being bent.
  • At least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate has an ultraviolet blocking function. Thereby, deterioration by the ultraviolet-ray of liquid crystal light control material can be reduced.
  • an ultraviolet shielding material may be added to the glass material during the production of the glass plate, and the ultraviolet shielding film is formed on the surface of the glass plate. May be provided with an ultraviolet blocking function.
  • an ultraviolet absorber may be added to the material of the intermediate film to provide an ultraviolet blocking function.
  • At least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate is preferably heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, or heat shielding glass. If these glass are used, the temperature rise in the air layer of the multilayer glass in which the liquid crystal light control material is enclosed can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the liquid crystal light control material due to heat.
  • one glass plate when one glass plate is a single plate, a heat ray reflective film is formed on the surface of the glass plate, or a heat ray reflective film is adhered to obtain a heat ray reflective glass. it can.
  • an infrared absorber when one glass plate is a laminated glass, an infrared absorber can be added to the material of an intermediate film, and it can be set as heat ray absorption glass.
  • a light control window having a light control plate material that has an anti-glare function and can reduce the haze feeling, thereby improving the appearance and increasing the resistance to external force. Can be provided.
  • Main part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 1st Embodiment applied to the window glass for railway vehicles 2A and 2B are explanatory diagrams of a light control window of a comparative example, and FIGS. 2C and 2D are explanatory diagrams of a light control window of an embodiment.
  • 3 (A) and 3 (B) are explanatory views showing a form of attaching the light control plate material to the indoor side glass plate.
  • the principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 2nd Embodiment The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 3rd Embodiment Longitudinal longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the light control window
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of a light control window 10 of a first embodiment applied to a window glass for a railway vehicle.
  • the light control window 10 includes a multi-layer glass 12 and a light control plate (trade name “Transmart” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) 14.
  • the multilayer glass 12 includes a rectangular outdoor glass plate 16, a rectangular indoor glass plate 18, a frame spacer 20, and sealing materials 22 and 26.
  • the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 have the same surface area and are spaced by a spacer 20.
  • the sealing material uses a primary sealing material 22 and a secondary sealing material 26.
  • Each side surface of the spacer 20 facing the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 is joined to the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 by a butyl rubber (primary sealing material) 22.
  • the hollow layer 24 is formed between the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • a silicone sealing material (secondary sealing material) 26 is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the spacer 20.
  • the multilayer glass 12 is comprised.
  • a sealing material is not limited to the said form,
  • coats the outer peripheral part of the spacer 20 are the same material. It is good. Furthermore, you may have another sealing material which protects the secondary sealing material 26 on the outer periphery of the secondary sealing material 26.
  • the spacer 20 is constituted by a hollow pipe (for example, a hollow rectangular pipe having a substantially rectangular longitudinal section), and the gas in the hollow layer 24 is dried by the desiccant 28 filled therein.
  • Reference numeral 30 denotes an opening of the spacer 20 formed to expose the desiccant 28 to the hollow layer 24, and the hollow layer 24 is formed by the desiccant 28 filled in the space of the spacer 20 through the opening. It is possible to maintain the dry state of the glass and prevent condensation of the multilayer glass.
  • the visible light transmittance of at least one of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 is 70% or less.
  • the visible light transmittance is a value calculated according to JIS R3106 (1998) (JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards).
  • a glass plate having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less can be obtained by adding a near-infrared light absorber to the glass material during the production of the glass plate. it can.
  • a visible light transmittance is obtained by using a near-infrared absorption type intermediate film in which a light absorber only in the near-infrared region is added to the material of the intermediate film.
  • a glass plate of 70% or less can be obtained.
  • the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 are single glass plates.
  • the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 may be a single plate glass plate, a laminated glass, or a multilayer glass.
  • Examples of the single glass plate include a normal glass plate that has not been subjected to a tempering treatment, a chemically tempered glass plate tempered by a chemical tempering method, or an air-cooled tempered glass plate that is tempered by air cooling.
  • the thickness of the single glass plate can be appropriately designed according to the presence or absence of the tempering treatment and the place where it is used.
  • the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 3.0 to 4.0 mm.
  • the light control window can be made lightweight.
  • the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 2.0 to 3.0 mm in order to suppress the bending of the glass plate 18.
  • Laminated glass is composed of a single glass plate and an interlayer film.
  • a polyvinyl butyral intermediate film PVB (Polyvinyl-butylal) -based intermediate film
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer intermediate film
  • the light control plate 14 is enclosed in the hollow layer 24 of the multilayer glass 12.
  • the dimming plate 14 is a liquid crystal dimming material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal and a cured product which becomes opaque when a voltage is applied and becomes transparent when no voltage is applied. This is a liquid crystal light control plate sealed between the transparent plates 34 with electrodes.
  • the light control plate 14 is attached to the facing surface 18A of the indoor glass plate 18 (that is, the surface on the hollow layer 24 side) among the facing surfaces of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18. You may attach to 16 A of opposing surfaces (namely, the surface by the side of the hollow layer 24) of the outdoor side glass plate 16.
  • the light control plate material 14 is bonded to the facing surface 18A of the indoor side glass plate 18 by a transparent adhesive 36, for example.
  • the application area of the transparent adhesive 36 to the facing surface 18A is larger than the surface area of the light control plate 14, and the light control plate 14 is bonded to the inside of the outer periphery of the transparent adhesive 36. Thereby, the edge of the outer periphery four sides of the light control board material 14 can be made inconspicuous from the indoor side.
  • a transparent adhesive such as urethane, silicone, and acrylic can be used.
  • the light control window 10 of the first embodiment is characterized in that the light control plate material 14 is enclosed in the hollow layer 24 of the multilayer glass 12 composed of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • the light control window 10 of the first embodiment is characterized in that the visible light transmittance of one of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18 is 70% or less.
  • the glass plate having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less and the light control plate material 14 reduce the amount of transmitted external light and diffuse the external light.
  • a good antiglare effect can be obtained.
  • the light control plate 14 is protected by the multilayer glass 12, deterioration of the light control plate 14 due to external force can be reduced.
  • a preferred form of the light control window 10 of the first embodiment is that the light control plate material 14 is provided on the indoor side glass plate 18, and in particular, the light control plate material is provided on the surface 18 ⁇ / b> A on the hollow layer 24 side of the multilayer glass 12 of the indoor side glass plate 18. 14 is characterized by being attached.
  • the outdoor glass plate 16 is bent by the wind pressure, but the indoor glass plate 18 is less bent by the wind pressure. Therefore, the liquid crystal 32 can be prevented from being deteriorated due to the bending of the light control plate member 14 by attaching the light control plate member 14 to the indoor glass plate 18 which is not easily bent.
  • FIG. 2 (A) is an explanatory view showing an outdoor scene seen through the light control plate 14 when no voltage is applied (when transparent).
  • FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a voltage is applied to the light control plate member 14 of FIG. 2A to whiten the light control plate member 14 and diffuse external light.
  • FIG. 2C shows the indoor side glass plate 18 having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less, the light control plate 14 when no voltage is applied (when transparent), and the outdoor side having a visible light transmittance of 90.9%. It is explanatory drawing which shows the scenery of the outdoor side seen through the glass plate.
  • a voltage is applied to the light control plate material 14 of FIG. 2C to whiten the light control plate material 14 to diffuse outside light, and the diffused external light is passed through the indoor side glass plate 18. It is explanatory drawing seen through.
  • the glare when the external light is diffused by the light control plate material 14 can be reduced by the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the light control window 10 in which a plurality of light control plate members 14 are attached to one indoor glass plate 18. Since there are a plurality of forms for attaching the light control plate member 14 to the indoor side glass plate 18, it may be appropriately selected according to the sizes of the light control plate member 14 and the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • FIG. 3A is an explanatory view showing a modified example of the light control window 10 in which six light control plate members 14 are aligned and pasted on the entire surface of the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • a place where light control is performed can be arbitrarily set. Therefore, it is possible to present the character information by improving the design and by subdividing the individual light control plate members 14.
  • FIG. 3B is an explanatory view showing a modification of the light control window 10 in which two light control plate members 14 having different sizes are attached to a predetermined glare-proof position of the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • the light control window 40 of the second embodiment includes the multilayer glass 12, the light control plate member 14, and the ultraviolet shielding layer 42.
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the light control window 40 of the second embodiment. The same members as those of the light control window 10 shown in FIG. .
  • the ultraviolet shielding layer 42 may be formed on the outer surface of each of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18. From the viewpoint of preventing deterioration by the ultraviolet shielding layer 42, it is preferably provided on the hollow layer 24 side of the multilayer glass 12. That is, it is preferably provided on at least one of the facing surfaces 16A and 18A of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18, and particularly preferably provided on the facing surface 18A of the outdoor glass plate.
  • a sol-gel film containing an organic or inorganic ultraviolet absorber can be used.
  • organic ultraviolet absorbers include benzophenones, triazines, benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylates, azomethines, indoles, salicylates, and anthracenes.
  • inorganic ultraviolet absorber include zinc oxide fine particles.
  • a hydrolyzable silicon compound can be used.
  • a film having an ultraviolet cutting function (Scotch Tint (TM) NANO80CP: manufactured by 3M) may be used.
  • an ultraviolet shielding layer 42 is formed on the facing surface 16 ⁇ / b> A of the outdoor glass plate 16. Thereby, the light control window 40 is provided with an ultraviolet blocking function.
  • the light control window 50 of 3rd Embodiment is comprised from the multilayer glass 12 and the light control board
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the light control window 50 according to the third embodiment. The same members as those of the light control window 10 shown in FIG. .
  • a laminated glass 52 is used as an outdoor glass plate.
  • the laminated glass 52 is a well-known laminated glass in which an intermediate film 56 is interposed between two single glass plates 54, and the intermediate film 56 has an ultraviolet blocking function. Since the light control window 50 is provided with an ultraviolet shielding function, the liquid crystal 32 which is the liquid crystal light control material of the light control plate 14 can be prevented from being deteriorated by ultraviolet light.
  • the intermediate film 56 is provided with an ultraviolet blocking function by adding an ultraviolet absorber such as a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber containing no halogen atom to the material of the intermediate film 56.
  • the dimming window 50 may use the laminated glass 52 of FIG. 5 instead of the single-plate indoor side glass plate 18.
  • the ultraviolet blocking function is provided to the light control window 40 by forming the ultraviolet blocking layer 42, and in FIG. 5, the ultraviolet light blocking function is provided by adding an ultraviolet absorber to the material of the intermediate film 56. 50.
  • the light control window having an ultraviolet shielding function is not limited to these.
  • the outdoor side glass plate 16 or the indoor side glass plate 18 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured, by adding an ultraviolet shielding material such as cerium oxide to the glass material, the single outdoor side glass plate 16 or the indoor side glass is provided.
  • the plate 18 can be provided with an ultraviolet blocking function.
  • Heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass and heat shielding glass As another form, the example which comprised at least one glass plate of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 as heat ray absorption glass, heat ray reflective glass, or heat insulation glass is mentioned. If it is this form, the temperature rise in a vehicle interior and multilayer glass can be suppressed. Thereby, indoor comfort can be improved and it can reduce that the liquid crystal 32 of the light control board
  • heat ray reflective glass examples include a glass plate having a heat ray reflective film on the surface and a glass plate having a heat ray reflective film attached thereto.
  • heat ray absorption glass is obtained by adding an infrared absorber to the material of an intermediate film.
  • the heat ray reflective film examples include a film having a layer mainly composed of silver or tin oxide, a so-called Low-E (Low-Emissivity) film.
  • This Low-E film is formed by a film forming method such as a sputtering method.
  • the normal reflectivity is about 40 to 50%.
  • the low-E film can suppress the temperature rise in the vehicle compartment.
  • Examples of the heat ray reflective film include a film in which a heat ray reflective film composed of an oxide layer or a metal layer, or an oxide layer and a metal layer is formed on the surface of a transparent film such as PET.
  • the infrared absorber examples include inorganic fine particles such as ITO (In 2 O 3 —TiO 2 ), ATO (ZnO—TiO 2 ), lanthanum boride, cyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, Examples thereof include organic dyes such as dithiol metal complex compounds, diimonium compounds, polymethine compounds, phthalide compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, and indophenol compounds.
  • ITO In 2 O 3 —TiO 2
  • ATO ZnO—TiO 2
  • lanthanum boride examples include organic dyes such as dithiol metal complex compounds, diimonium compounds, polymethine compounds, phthalide compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, and indophenol compounds.
  • the multilayer glass 64 is constituted by three glass plates including the outdoor side glass plate 16, the indoor side glass plate 18, and the intermediate glass plate 62, The light control plate material 14 is attached to the facing surface 18A of the indoor side glass plate 18.
  • the multilayer glass includes those having two or more glass plates.
  • the light control window 10 applied to a window glass for a railway vehicle is exemplified as the light control window of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the multilayer glass of the present invention can be applied as a window glass of a building as well as a window glass of an automobile, an aircraft, a ship or the like.
  • DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Light control window, 12 ... Multi-layer glass, 14 ... Light control board material, 16 ... Outdoor side glass plate, 16A ... Opposite surface (hollow layer side surface), 18 ... Indoor side glass plate, 18A ... Opposite surface (hollow layer side surface) ), 20 ... spacer, 22 ... butyl rubber, 24 ... hollow layer, 26 ... silicone sealant, 28 ... desiccant, 30 ... opening, 32 ... liquid crystal, 34 ... transparent plate with transparent electrode, 36 ... transparent adhesive, 40 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Light control window, 42 ... Ultraviolet shielding layer, 50 ... Light control window, 52 ... Laminated glass, 54 ... Glass plate, 56 ... Intermediate film, 60 ... Light control window, 62 ... Intermediate glass plate.

Abstract

Provided is a dimmable window equipped with a dimmable sheet material having an improved anti-glare feature and improved resistance to external force. In the dimmable window 10 according to the present invention, the dimmable sheet material 14 is enclosed in a hollow layer 24 in a multi-layered glass 12 comprising an outdoor-side glass sheet 16 and an indoor-side glass sheet 18. One of the outdoor-side glass sheet 16 or the indoor-side glass sheet 18 has a visible light transmittance of 70% or less. If the one of the glass sheets is the outdoor-side glass sheet 16, the transmission amount of external light reaching the dimmable sheet material 14 can be reduced, so that glare occurring when the external light is diffused by the dimmable sheet material 14 can be reduced. Alternatively, if the one of the glass sheets is the indoor-side glass sheet 18, glare occurring when the external light is diffused by the dimmable sheet material 14 can be reduced by the indoor-side glass sheet 18. Moreover, the dimmable sheet material 14 is protected by the multi-layered glass 12, so that the resistance to external force is improved.

Description

調光窓Light control window
　本発明は、鉄道車両、自動車、航空機、船舶及び建築物の窓ガラスに適用される調光窓に関する。 The present invention relates to a dimming window applied to a window glass of a railway vehicle, an automobile, an aircraft, a ship, and a building.
　鉄道車両用の窓ガラスは、遮音性、断熱性、及び安全性を高めるために、一般的に複層ガラスが使用されている（特許文献１等参照）。この複層ガラスは、室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板とがスペーサを介して隔置され、周縁部がシーリング材によって封止されることにより構成されている。 As for the window glass for railway vehicles, in order to improve sound insulation, heat insulation, and safety, multilayer glass is generally used (see Patent Document 1, etc.). This multilayer glass is configured by separating an outdoor glass plate and an indoor glass plate via a spacer and sealing a peripheral edge portion with a sealing material.
　また、特許文献１の複層ガラスの室外側ガラス板には、外部からの光や熱の侵入を抑制する目的のため、自己調光膜が備えられている。この自己調光膜は、室外側ガラス板の２面のうち、室内側ガラス板に対向する面にスパッタリング法によって成膜されている。この自己調光膜は、外光の強度が低いときは、可視光線透過率を７０～９０％にでき、外光の強度が高いときは、可視光線透過率を５０～７０％にできる。しかし、自己調光膜を用いた場合、外光の強さに応じて透過率が変化するため、乗客が任意に透過率を調整することは困難であった。 In addition, the outdoor glass plate of the multilayer glass disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with a self-dimming film for the purpose of suppressing intrusion of light and heat from the outside. This self-light-modulating film is formed by sputtering on the surface facing the indoor glass plate among the two surfaces of the outdoor glass plate. When the intensity of external light is low, the self-light modulating film can have a visible light transmittance of 70 to 90%, and when the intensity of external light is high, the visible light transmittance can be 50 to 70%. However, when the self-modulating film is used, the transmittance changes according to the intensity of external light, and thus it is difficult for the passenger to arbitrarily adjust the transmittance.
　また、前記自己調光膜以外に、電圧印加によって光透過率を変化させる調光シート、例えば懸濁粒子デバイス（以下、ＳＰＤ（Suspended Particle Device）という。）を調光窓に適用することが考えられている。このＳＰＤは、電圧の印加時に透明になり、電圧の非印加時に不透明になる（すなわち、暗くなる）特性を有している。 In addition to the self-light-regulating film, a light-modulating sheet that changes light transmittance by voltage application, for example, a suspended particle device (hereinafter referred to as SPD (Suspended Particle Device)) may be applied to the light-modulating window. It has been. This SPD has a characteristic that it becomes transparent when a voltage is applied and becomes opaque (ie, dark) when no voltage is applied.
　しかしながら、前記ＳＰＤは、電圧印加が断たれると、窓が不透明となるため、停電等の事故が起きると、室内が暗くなるおそれがある。 However, in the SPD, when the voltage application is cut off, the window becomes opaque. Therefore, if an accident such as a power failure occurs, the room may become dark.
　これに対し、特許文献２には、電圧の印加時に不透明になり、非印加時に透明になる調光板材が開示されている。この調光板材は、リバースモード型の液晶と硬化物とにより形成された液晶調光材料を、２枚の透明電極付き透明板材の間に封入することにより構成される。この調光板材によれば、電圧印加が断たれると透明になるので、停電時等の事故が起きた際に、室内が暗くなることを防げる。 On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a light control plate that becomes opaque when a voltage is applied and becomes transparent when a voltage is not applied. This light control plate is configured by enclosing a liquid crystal light control material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal and a cured product between two transparent plates with a transparent electrode. According to this light control plate material, since it becomes transparent when the voltage application is cut off, it is possible to prevent the room from becoming dark when an accident such as a power failure occurs.
特開２００４－１７５６２２号公報JP 2004-175622 A 特許第３８９０８４１号公報Japanese Patent No. 3890841
　本発明者らが検討したところ、特許文献２に開示された調光板材は、外光を拡散する機能のみを有するものなので、つまり、外光を白濁する機能のみを有するものなので、外光の眩しさを低減することは難しいことが分った。 When the present inventors examined, since the light control board material disclosed by patent document 2 has only the function to diffuse external light, that is, it has only the function to cloud external light, It has been found difficult to reduce glare.
　また、前記調光板材を単体で調光窓として適用した場合、調光板材は、風圧等の外力に弱いため、単体で適用することは難しいという問題があった。 Further, when the light control plate material is applied alone as a light control window, the light control plate material has a problem that it is difficult to apply the light control plate material alone because it is weak against external force such as wind pressure.
　本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、防眩機能及び外力に対する対抗力を高めた調光板材を有する調光窓を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light control window having a light control plate material with improved antiglare function and resistance to external force.
　本発明の一態様は、前記目的を達成するために、室外側に配置される室外側ガラス板と室内側に配置される室内側ガラス板とを少なくとも備え、室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板との間に中空層が形成されるように室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板とがスペーサおよびシール材を介して隔置された複層ガラスと、電圧の印加時に不透明になり、非印加時に透明になるリバースモード型の液晶と硬化物とにより形成された液晶調光材料が２枚の透明電極付き透明板材の間に封入された調光板材を備え、前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板のうち一方のガラス板の可視光線透過率は、７０％以下であり、前記調光板材は、前記室外側ガラス板と前記室内側ガラス板との対向面のうち、一方の対向面に取り付けられてなることを特徴とする調光窓を提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention includes at least an outdoor glass plate arranged on the outdoor side and an indoor glass plate arranged on the indoor side, the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate And a multi-layer glass in which an outdoor side glass plate and an indoor side glass plate are separated via a spacer and a sealing material so that a hollow layer is formed between them, and becomes opaque when a voltage is applied, and when not applied A liquid crystal light control material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal that is transparent and a cured product is provided with a light control plate material enclosed between two transparent plates with a transparent electrode, and the outdoor glass plate and the indoor side The visible light transmittance of one glass plate among the glass plates is 70% or less, and the light control plate material is provided on one facing surface of the facing surfaces of the outdoor side glass plate and the indoor side glass plate. It is characterized by being attached To provide a dimming window.
　これにより、本発明の一態様によれば、Ｔｖが７０％以下のガラス板と、調光材料とを組合せて用いることにより、外光が室内に入るまでに光の強度が弱まり、調光窓として十分な防眩効果を発揮できる。さらに、調光板材は、複層ガラスによって保護されるので、外力に対する対抗力を高めることがでる。 Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, by using a combination of a glass plate having a Tv of 70% or less and a light control material, the intensity of light is reduced before the outside light enters the room, and the light control window Sufficient anti-glare effect. Furthermore, since the light control plate material is protected by the multi-layer glass, it is possible to increase the resistance to external force.
　Ｔｖが７０％以下のガラス板は、単板のガラス板でもよく、合わせガラスでもよい。Ｔｖが７０％以下の単板のガラス板は、ガラス板の製造時に、近赤外線域の光吸収剤をガラス材料に添加すること、または近赤外線域の光吸収材をガラス板にコーティングすることで、製造できる。Ｔｖが７０％以下の合わせガラスは、中間膜の材料に、近赤外線域のみの光吸収剤を添加した、近赤外線吸収タイプの中間膜を用いることで、製造できる。 The glass plate having a Tv of 70% or less may be a single glass plate or a laminated glass. A single glass plate having a Tv of 70% or less is obtained by adding a near-infrared light absorber to the glass material or coating a near-infrared light absorber on the glass plate during the production of the glass plate. Can be manufactured. A laminated glass having a Tv of 70% or less can be produced by using a near-infrared absorption type intermediate film in which a light absorber only in the near-infrared region is added to the material of the intermediate film.
　本発明の調光窓の一態様は、前記複層ガラスの室内側ガラス板の中空層側面、すなわち室内側ガラス板の室外側ガラス板との対向面に取り付けられていることが好ましい。 It is preferable that one aspect of the light control window of the present invention is attached to the side of the hollow layer of the indoor glass plate of the multilayer glass, that is, the surface facing the outdoor glass plate of the indoor glass plate.
　室外側ガラス板および室内側ガラス板は、風圧によって撓みが生じるが、室内側ガラス板は、風圧による影響が少ない。本発明の一態様によれば、撓みの生じない室内側ガラス板に調光板材を取り付けているので、調光板材が撓みに起因する液晶調光材料の劣化を防止することができる。 The outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate are bent by the wind pressure, but the indoor glass plate is less affected by the wind pressure. According to one embodiment of the present invention, since the light control plate is attached to the indoor glass plate that does not bend, the liquid crystal light control material can be prevented from being deteriorated due to the light control plate being bent.
　本発明の一態様は、前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板の少なくとも一方のガラス板は、紫外線遮断機能を備えることが好ましい。これにより、液晶調光材料の紫外線による劣化を低減できる。 In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate has an ultraviolet blocking function. Thereby, deterioration by the ultraviolet-ray of liquid crystal light control material can be reduced.
　本発明の一態様によれば、一方のガラス板が単板の場合には、ガラス板の製造時に、紫外線遮蔽材料をガラス材料に添加させればよく、また、ガラス板の表面に紫外線遮蔽膜を成膜して紫外線遮断機能を備えさせてもよい。更に、一方のガラス板が合わせガラスの場合には、紫外線吸収材を中間膜の材料に添加させて紫外線遮断機能を備えさせてもよい。 According to one aspect of the present invention, when one glass plate is a single plate, an ultraviolet shielding material may be added to the glass material during the production of the glass plate, and the ultraviolet shielding film is formed on the surface of the glass plate. May be provided with an ultraviolet blocking function. Furthermore, when one glass plate is a laminated glass, an ultraviolet absorber may be added to the material of the intermediate film to provide an ultraviolet blocking function.
　本発明の一態様は、前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板の少なくとも一方のガラス板は、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラスまたは遮熱ガラスであることが好ましい。これらのガラスを使用すれば、液晶調光材料が封入されている複層ガラスの空気層内の温度上昇を抑えることができる。その結果、液晶調光材料が熱により劣化することを低減できる。 In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate is preferably heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, or heat shielding glass. If these glass are used, the temperature rise in the air layer of the multilayer glass in which the liquid crystal light control material is enclosed can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the liquid crystal light control material due to heat.
　本発明の一態様によれば、一方のガラス板が単板の場合には、ガラス板の表面に熱線反射膜を成膜する、または熱線反射フィルムを貼着して熱線反射ガラスとすることができる。また、一方のガラス板が合わせガラスの場合には、赤外線吸収剤を中間膜の材料に添加させて、熱線吸収ガラスとすることができる。 According to one aspect of the present invention, when one glass plate is a single plate, a heat ray reflective film is formed on the surface of the glass plate, or a heat ray reflective film is adhered to obtain a heat ray reflective glass. it can. Moreover, when one glass plate is a laminated glass, an infrared absorber can be added to the material of an intermediate film, and it can be set as heat ray absorption glass.
　以上説明したように、本発明によれば、防眩機能を有しつつ、ヘイズ感を低減することで、外観を向上でき、また外力に対する対抗力を高めた調光板材を有する調光窓を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a light control window having a light control plate material that has an anti-glare function and can reduce the haze feeling, thereby improving the appearance and increasing the resistance to external force. Can be provided.
鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された第１の実施形態の調光窓の要部縦断面図Main part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 1st Embodiment applied to the window glass for railway vehicles 図２（Ａ）、図２（Ｂ）は、比較例の調光窓の説明図、図２（Ｃ）、図２（Ｄ）は、実施例の調光窓の説明図2A and 2B are explanatory diagrams of a light control window of a comparative example, and FIGS. 2C and 2D are explanatory diagrams of a light control window of an embodiment. 図３（Ａ）、図３（Ｂ）は、室内側ガラス板に対する調光板材の貼り付け形態を示した説明図3 (A) and 3 (B) are explanatory views showing a form of attaching the light control plate material to the indoor side glass plate. 第２の実施形態の調光窓の要部縦断面図The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 2nd Embodiment 第３の実施形態の調光窓の要部縦断面図The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the light control window of 3rd Embodiment 調光窓の変形例を示した要部縦断面図Longitudinal longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the light control window
　以下、添付図面に従って本発明に係る調光窓の好ましい実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the light control window according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
　図１は、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の要部縦断面図である。 FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of a light control window 10 of a first embodiment applied to a window glass for a railway vehicle.
　[第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の構成]
　調光窓１０は、複層ガラス１２と調光板材（商品名「Transmart」：旭硝子株式会社製）１４とから構成される。 [Configuration of Light Control Window 10 of First Embodiment]
The light control window 10 includes a multi-layer glass 12 and a light control plate (trade name “Transmart” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) 14.
　〔複層ガラス１２〕
　複層ガラス１２は、矩形状の室外側ガラス板１６、矩形状の室内側ガラス板１８、枠状のスペーサ２０及びシール材２２、２６を備える。室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８は、表面積が等しく、かつスペーサ２０を介して隔置される。第１の実施形態においてシール材は、一次シール材２２と二次シール材２６とを使用している。室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８とに対向するスペーサ２０の各側面が、ブチルゴム（一次シール材）２２によって室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８とに接合される。これにより、室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８との間に中空層２４が形成される。そして、スペーサ２０の外周部にシリコーンシーリング材（二次シール材）２６が塗布される。これによって、複層ガラス１２が構成される。シール材は、上記形態に限定されず、室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８とに接合する一次シール材２２と、スペーサ２０の外周部を塗布する２次シール材２６とを同一の材料としてもよい。さらに、二次シール材２６の外周に二次シール材２６を保護する別のシール材を有してもよい。 [Multilayer glass 12]
The multilayer glass 12 includes a rectangular outdoor glass plate 16, a rectangular indoor glass plate 18, a frame spacer 20, and sealing materials 22 and 26. The outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 have the same surface area and are spaced by a spacer 20. In the first embodiment, the sealing material uses a primary sealing material 22 and a secondary sealing material 26. Each side surface of the spacer 20 facing the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 is joined to the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 by a butyl rubber (primary sealing material) 22. Thereby, the hollow layer 24 is formed between the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18. Then, a silicone sealing material (secondary sealing material) 26 is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the spacer 20. Thereby, the multilayer glass 12 is comprised. A sealing material is not limited to the said form, The primary sealing material 22 joined to the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 and the secondary sealing material 26 which apply | coats the outer peripheral part of the spacer 20 are the same material. It is good. Furthermore, you may have another sealing material which protects the secondary sealing material 26 on the outer periphery of the secondary sealing material 26.
　また、スペーサ２０は、中空のパイプ（例えば、縦断面形状が略矩形の中空の角形状パイプ）によって構成され、その内部に充填された乾燥剤２８によって中空層２４の気体が乾燥されている。なお、符号３０は、乾燥剤２８を中空層２４に露出するために形成された、スペーサ２０の開口部であり、この開口部を通してスペーサ２０の空間部に充填された乾燥剤２８により中空層２４の乾燥状態を維持し、複層ガラスの結露を防止することができる。 Further, the spacer 20 is constituted by a hollow pipe (for example, a hollow rectangular pipe having a substantially rectangular longitudinal section), and the gas in the hollow layer 24 is dried by the desiccant 28 filled therein. Reference numeral 30 denotes an opening of the spacer 20 formed to expose the desiccant 28 to the hollow layer 24, and the hollow layer 24 is formed by the desiccant 28 filled in the space of the spacer 20 through the opening. It is possible to maintain the dry state of the glass and prevent condensation of the multilayer glass.
　<室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８>
　室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８は、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８のうち、少なくとも一方のガラス板の可視光線透過率は、７０％以下である。なお、可視光線透過率とは、JIS R3106(1998)に準じて算出された値である（JIS：日本工業標準規格）。 <Outdoor glass plate 16 and indoor glass plate 18>
As for the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18, the visible light transmittance of at least one of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 is 70% or less. The visible light transmittance is a value calculated according to JIS R3106 (1998) (JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards).
　前記一方のガラス板が単板の場合には、ガラス板の製造時に、近赤外線域の光吸収剤をガラス材料に添加することによって、可視光線透過率が７０％以下のガラス板を得ることができる。また、前記一方のガラス板が合わせガラスの場合には、中間膜の材料に、近赤外線域のみの光吸収剤を添加した、近赤外線吸収タイプの中間膜を用いることで、可視光線透過率が７０％以下のガラス板を得ることができる。 When the one glass plate is a single plate, a glass plate having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less can be obtained by adding a near-infrared light absorber to the glass material during the production of the glass plate. it can. In addition, when the one glass plate is laminated glass, a visible light transmittance is obtained by using a near-infrared absorption type intermediate film in which a light absorber only in the near-infrared region is added to the material of the intermediate film. A glass plate of 70% or less can be obtained.
　図１では、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８は、単板のガラス板を示している。本発明の実施形態においては、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８は、単板のガラス板でもよく、合わせガラスでもよく、また複層ガラスであってもよい。 In FIG. 1, the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 are single glass plates. In the embodiment of the present invention, the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 may be a single plate glass plate, a laminated glass, or a multilayer glass.
　単板のガラス板としては、強化処理が施されていない通常のガラス板、化学強化法によって強化された化学強化ガラス板、または、風冷強化された風冷強化ガラス板等が挙げられる。 Examples of the single glass plate include a normal glass plate that has not been subjected to a tempering treatment, a chemically tempered glass plate tempered by a chemical tempering method, or an air-cooled tempered glass plate that is tempered by air cooling.
　単板のガラス板の厚みは、強化処理の有無及び、使用される場所に応じて適宜設計できる。例えば、室外側ガラス板１６として、化学強化ガラス板を用いた場合のガラス板の厚さは、３．０～４．０ｍｍが好ましい。これにより、調光窓を軽量にできる。また、室内側ガラス板１８として、化学強化ガラス板を用いた場合のガラス板の厚さは、ガラス板１８の撓みを抑制するために２．０～３．０ｍｍが好ましい。 The thickness of the single glass plate can be appropriately designed according to the presence or absence of the tempering treatment and the place where it is used. For example, when a chemically strengthened glass plate is used as the outdoor side glass plate 16, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 3.0 to 4.0 mm. Thereby, the light control window can be made lightweight. In addition, when a chemically strengthened glass plate is used as the indoor side glass plate 18, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 2.0 to 3.0 mm in order to suppress the bending of the glass plate 18.
　合わせガラスは、上記した単板のガラス板と中間膜により構成される。中間膜としては、ポリビニルブチラールの中間膜（ＰＶＢ(Polyvinyl butylal)系中間膜）、又はエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体の中間膜（ＥＶＡ(Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate)系中間膜）を使用できる。 Laminated glass is composed of a single glass plate and an interlayer film. As the intermediate film, a polyvinyl butyral intermediate film (PVB (Polyvinyl-butylal) -based intermediate film) or an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer intermediate film (EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate) -based intermediate film) can be used.
　〔調光板材１４〕
　調光板材１４は、複層ガラス１２の中空層２４に封入されている。この調光板材１４は、電圧の印加時に不透明になり、非印加時に透明になるリバースモード型の液晶と硬化物とにより形成された液晶調光材料である液晶３２が、２枚の矩形の透明電極付き透明板材３４、３４の間に封入された液晶の調光板である。 [Light control plate material 14]
The light control plate 14 is enclosed in the hollow layer 24 of the multilayer glass 12. The dimming plate 14 is a liquid crystal dimming material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal and a cured product which becomes opaque when a voltage is applied and becomes transparent when no voltage is applied. This is a liquid crystal light control plate sealed between the transparent plates 34 with electrodes.
　調光板材１４は、室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８との対向面のうち、室内側ガラス板１８の対向面（すなわち、中空層２４側の面）１８Ａに取り付けられているが、室外側ガラス板１６の対向面（すなわち、中空層２４側の面）１６Ａに取り付けられていてもよい。 The light control plate 14 is attached to the facing surface 18A of the indoor glass plate 18 (that is, the surface on the hollow layer 24 side) among the facing surfaces of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18. You may attach to 16 A of opposing surfaces (namely, the surface by the side of the hollow layer 24) of the outdoor side glass plate 16. FIG.
　調光板材１４は、例えば透明接着剤３６によって、室内側ガラス板１８の対向面１８Ａに接着される。また、対向面１８Ａに対する透明接着剤３６の塗布面積は、調光板材１４の表面積よりも広く、透明接着剤３６の外周の内側に調光板材１４が接着される。これにより、調光板材１４の外周四辺部のエッジを室内側から目立たなくすることができる。透明接着剤３６としては、ウレタン系、シリコーン系、アクリル系等の透明接着剤を使用できる。 The light control plate material 14 is bonded to the facing surface 18A of the indoor side glass plate 18 by a transparent adhesive 36, for example. The application area of the transparent adhesive 36 to the facing surface 18A is larger than the surface area of the light control plate 14, and the light control plate 14 is bonded to the inside of the outer periphery of the transparent adhesive 36. Thereby, the edge of the outer periphery four sides of the light control board material 14 can be made inconspicuous from the indoor side. As the transparent adhesive 36, a transparent adhesive such as urethane, silicone, and acrylic can be used.
　[第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の特徴]
　第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の特徴は、室外側ガラス板１６と室内側ガラス板１８とからなる複層ガラス１２の中空層２４に調光板材１４を封入したことにある。また、第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の特徴は、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８のうち一方のガラス板の可視光線透過率を７０％以下としたことにある。 [Features of the light control window 10 of the first embodiment]
The light control window 10 of the first embodiment is characterized in that the light control plate material 14 is enclosed in the hollow layer 24 of the multilayer glass 12 composed of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18. The light control window 10 of the first embodiment is characterized in that the visible light transmittance of one of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18 is 70% or less.
　この第１の実施形態の調光窓１０によれば、可視光線透過率が７０％以下のガラス板と、調光板材１４により、室内に入る外光の透過量の減少と、外光の拡散により、良好な防眩効果が得られる。更に、調光板材１４が、複層ガラス１２によって保護されるため、外力による調光板材１４の劣化を低減できる。 According to the light control window 10 of the first embodiment, the glass plate having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less and the light control plate material 14 reduce the amount of transmitted external light and diffuse the external light. Thus, a good antiglare effect can be obtained. Furthermore, since the light control plate 14 is protected by the multilayer glass 12, deterioration of the light control plate 14 due to external force can be reduced.
　第１の実施形態の調光窓１０の好ましい形態は、室内側ガラス板１８に調光板材１４を、特に室内側ガラス板１８の複層ガラス１２の中空層２４側の面１８Ａに調光板材１４を、取り付けたことに特徴がある。室外側ガラス板１６は、風圧によって撓みが生じるが、室内側ガラス板１８は、風圧による撓みが小さい。よって、撓みの生じにくい室内側ガラス板１８に調光板材１４を取り付けることにより、調光板材１４の撓みに起因する液晶３２の劣化を防止することができる。 A preferred form of the light control window 10 of the first embodiment is that the light control plate material 14 is provided on the indoor side glass plate 18, and in particular, the light control plate material is provided on the surface 18 </ b> A on the hollow layer 24 side of the multilayer glass 12 of the indoor side glass plate 18. 14 is characterized by being attached. The outdoor glass plate 16 is bent by the wind pressure, but the indoor glass plate 18 is less bent by the wind pressure. Therefore, the liquid crystal 32 can be prevented from being deteriorated due to the bending of the light control plate member 14 by attaching the light control plate member 14 to the indoor glass plate 18 which is not easily bent.
　〔比較例及び実施例〕
　<比較例>
　図２（Ａ）は、電圧非印加時（透明時）における調光板材１４を介して見た、室外側の景色を示す説明図である。図２（Ｂ）は、図２（Ａ）の調光板材１４に電圧を印加して調光板材１４を白濁化し、外光を拡散した状態を示した説明図である。 [Comparative Examples and Examples]
<Comparative example>
FIG. 2 (A) is an explanatory view showing an outdoor scene seen through the light control plate 14 when no voltage is applied (when transparent). FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a voltage is applied to the light control plate member 14 of FIG. 2A to whiten the light control plate member 14 and diffuse external light.
　図２（Ｂ）に示すように、調光板材１４のみでは、電圧を印加した場合、その表面が白濁化するだけで眩しさが残る。 As shown in FIG. 2 (B), with only the light control plate material 14, when a voltage is applied, the surface becomes dazzling only by becoming clouded.
　<実施例>
　図２（Ｃ）は、可視光線透過率が７０％以下の室内側ガラス板１８と、電圧非印加時（透明時）における調光板材１４と、可視光線透過率が９０．９％の室外側ガラス板１６とを介して見た、室外側の景色を示す説明図である。図２（Ｄ）は、図２（Ｃ）の調光板材１４に電圧を印加して調光板材１４を白濁化し、外光を拡散するとともに、拡散した外光を、室内側ガラス板１８を介して見た説明図である。 <Example>
FIG. 2C shows the indoor side glass plate 18 having a visible light transmittance of 70% or less, the light control plate 14 when no voltage is applied (when transparent), and the outdoor side having a visible light transmittance of 90.9%. It is explanatory drawing which shows the scenery of the outdoor side seen through the glass plate. In FIG. 2D, a voltage is applied to the light control plate material 14 of FIG. 2C to whiten the light control plate material 14 to diffuse outside light, and the diffused external light is passed through the indoor side glass plate 18. It is explanatory drawing seen through.
　図２（Ｄ）に示すように、調光板材１４によって外光を拡散した際の眩しさを、室内側ガラス板１８によって低減することができる。 As shown in FIG. 2 (D), the glare when the external light is diffused by the light control plate material 14 can be reduced by the indoor side glass plate 18.
　〔変形例〕
　以下に、本発明の調光窓の変形例を、図を用いて説明する。 [Modification]
Below, the modification of the light control window of this invention is demonstrated using figures.
　図３は、一枚の室内側ガラス板１８に複数の調光板材１４を貼り付けた調光窓１０の変形例である。室内側ガラス板１８に対する調光板材１４の貼り付け形態としては、複数の形態が存在するので、調光板材１４及び室内側ガラス板１８のサイズに応じて適宜選択すればよい。 FIG. 3 shows a modification of the light control window 10 in which a plurality of light control plate members 14 are attached to one indoor glass plate 18. Since there are a plurality of forms for attaching the light control plate member 14 to the indoor side glass plate 18, it may be appropriately selected according to the sizes of the light control plate member 14 and the indoor side glass plate 18.
　図３（Ａ）は、６枚の調光板材１４を、室内側ガラス板１８の全面に整列させて貼り付けた調光窓１０の変形例を示した説明図である。調光板材１４を複数用いることにより、調光を行う場所を任意に設定できる。そのため、意匠性の向上や、個々の調光板材１４を細分化することで文字情報の提示も可能となる。 FIG. 3A is an explanatory view showing a modified example of the light control window 10 in which six light control plate members 14 are aligned and pasted on the entire surface of the indoor side glass plate 18. By using a plurality of light control plate members 14, a place where light control is performed can be arbitrarily set. Therefore, it is possible to present the character information by improving the design and by subdividing the individual light control plate members 14.
　図３（Ｂ）は、サイズの異なる２枚の調光板材１４を、室内側ガラス板１８の所定の防眩位置に貼り付けた調光窓１０の変形例を示した説明図である。調光板材１４をこのように配置することにより、窓の必要な一部のみに調光機能を持たせて、必要最低限の調光板材１４を用いて目隠し機能を実現できる。 FIG. 3B is an explanatory view showing a modification of the light control window 10 in which two light control plate members 14 having different sizes are attached to a predetermined glare-proof position of the indoor side glass plate 18. By arranging the light control plate material 14 in this way, only a necessary part of the window is provided with a light control function, and a blinding function can be realized using the minimum light control plate material 14.
　[第２の実施形態の調光窓４０の構成及び特徴] 
　第２の実施形態の調光窓４０は、複層ガラス１２、調光板材１４と、紫外線遮蔽層４２とから構成される。 [Configuration and Features of Light Control Window 40 of Second Embodiment]
The light control window 40 of the second embodiment includes the multilayer glass 12, the light control plate member 14, and the ultraviolet shielding layer 42.
　図４は、第２の実施形態の調光窓４０の要部縦断面図であり、図１に示した調光窓１０と同一の部材については同一の符号を付してその説明は省略する。 FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the light control window 40 of the second embodiment. The same members as those of the light control window 10 shown in FIG. .
　調光窓４０は、室外側ガラス板１６に紫外線遮蔽層４２を備えているので、調光板材１４の液晶３２が紫外線により劣化することを低減できる。紫外線遮蔽層４２は、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８のそれぞれの外表面に成膜してもよい。紫外線遮蔽層４２によって劣化を防止する観点から、複層ガラス１２の中空層２４側に設けられることが好ましい。すなわち、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８の対向面１６Ａ、１８Ａのうち少なくとも一方の面に設けられることが好ましく、室外側ガラス板の対向面１８Ａに設けられることが特に好ましい。 Since the light control window 40 includes the ultraviolet shielding layer 42 on the outdoor glass plate 16, it is possible to reduce deterioration of the liquid crystal 32 of the light control plate material 14 due to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet shielding layer 42 may be formed on the outer surface of each of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18. From the viewpoint of preventing deterioration by the ultraviolet shielding layer 42, it is preferably provided on the hollow layer 24 side of the multilayer glass 12. That is, it is preferably provided on at least one of the facing surfaces 16A and 18A of the outdoor glass plate 16 and the indoor glass plate 18, and particularly preferably provided on the facing surface 18A of the outdoor glass plate.
　紫外線遮蔽層４２は、例えば有機または無機の紫外線吸収剤を含むゾルゲル膜を使用できる。有機の紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾフェノン類、トリアジン類、ベンゾトリアゾール類、シアノアクリレート類、アゾメチン類、インドール類、サリシレート類および、アントラセン類等が挙げられる。無機の紫外線吸収剤としては、酸化亜鉛の微粒子などが挙げられる。ゾルゲル膜は、加水分解性ケイ素化合物を使用できる。さらに、紫外線遮蔽層４２として、紫外線カット機能を有するフィルム（スコッチティント（ＴＭ）ＮＡＮＯ８０ＣＰ：３Ｍ社製）を用いてもよい。 As the ultraviolet shielding layer 42, for example, a sol-gel film containing an organic or inorganic ultraviolet absorber can be used. Examples of organic ultraviolet absorbers include benzophenones, triazines, benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylates, azomethines, indoles, salicylates, and anthracenes. Examples of the inorganic ultraviolet absorber include zinc oxide fine particles. For the sol-gel film, a hydrolyzable silicon compound can be used. Furthermore, as the ultraviolet shielding layer 42, a film having an ultraviolet cutting function (Scotch Tint (TM) NANO80CP: manufactured by 3M) may be used.
　図４の調光窓４０は、室外側ガラス板１６の対向面１６Ａに、紫外線遮蔽層４２が成膜されている。これにより、調光窓４０には、紫外線遮断機能が備えられている。 4, an ultraviolet shielding layer 42 is formed on the facing surface 16 </ b> A of the outdoor glass plate 16. Thereby, the light control window 40 is provided with an ultraviolet blocking function.
　[第３の実施形態の調光窓５０の構成及び特徴]
　第３の実施形態の調光窓５０は、複層ガラス１２と調光板材１４とから構成され、複層ガラスの少なくとも一方のガラス板が、合わせガラスである。 [Configuration and Features of Light Control Window 50 of Third Embodiment]
The light control window 50 of 3rd Embodiment is comprised from the multilayer glass 12 and the light control board | plate material 14, and at least one glass plate of multilayer glass is a laminated glass.
　図５は、第３の実施形態の調光窓５０の要部縦断面図であり、図１に示した調光窓１０と同一の部材については同一の符号を付してその説明は省略する。 FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the light control window 50 according to the third embodiment. The same members as those of the light control window 10 shown in FIG. .
　図５の調光窓５０は、室外側ガラス板として合わせガラス５２が使用される。合わせガラス５２は、２枚の単板のガラス板５４の間に中間膜５６が介在された周知の合わせガラスであり、その中間膜５６に紫外線遮断機能が備えられている。調光窓５０は、紫外線遮蔽機能が設けられているので、調光板材１４の液晶調光材料である液晶３２が紫外線により劣化することを低減できる。 In the light control window 50 of FIG. 5, a laminated glass 52 is used as an outdoor glass plate. The laminated glass 52 is a well-known laminated glass in which an intermediate film 56 is interposed between two single glass plates 54, and the intermediate film 56 has an ultraviolet blocking function. Since the light control window 50 is provided with an ultraviolet shielding function, the liquid crystal 32 which is the liquid crystal light control material of the light control plate 14 can be prevented from being deteriorated by ultraviolet light.
　中間膜５６は、具体的には、ハロゲン原子を含まないベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤等の紫外線吸収材を、中間膜５６の材料に添加させて紫外線遮断機能を備えさせている。なお、調光窓５０は、単板の室内側ガラス板１８に代えて、図５の合わせガラス５２を使用してもよい。 Specifically, the intermediate film 56 is provided with an ultraviolet blocking function by adding an ultraviolet absorber such as a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber containing no halogen atom to the material of the intermediate film 56. The dimming window 50 may use the laminated glass 52 of FIG. 5 instead of the single-plate indoor side glass plate 18.
　図４では紫外線遮蔽層４２を成膜することで紫外線遮断機能を調光窓４０に付与し、図５では、中間膜５６の材料に紫外線吸収材を添加させることで紫外線遮断機能を調光窓５０に付与している。本発明の実施形態において、紫外線遮蔽機能を備える調光窓は、これらに限定されるものではない。例えば、図１に示した室外側ガラス板１６又は室内側ガラス板１８の製造時に、酸化セリウム等の紫外線遮蔽材料をガラス材料に添加することにより、単板の室外側ガラス板１６又は室内側ガラス板１８に紫外線遮断機能を備えさせることもできる。 In FIG. 4, the ultraviolet blocking function is provided to the light control window 40 by forming the ultraviolet blocking layer 42, and in FIG. 5, the ultraviolet light blocking function is provided by adding an ultraviolet absorber to the material of the intermediate film 56. 50. In the embodiment of the present invention, the light control window having an ultraviolet shielding function is not limited to these. For example, when the outdoor side glass plate 16 or the indoor side glass plate 18 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured, by adding an ultraviolet shielding material such as cerium oxide to the glass material, the single outdoor side glass plate 16 or the indoor side glass is provided. The plate 18 can be provided with an ultraviolet blocking function.
　〔熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラスおよび遮熱ガラス〕
　他の形態として、室外側ガラス板１６及び室内側ガラス板１８の少なくとも一方のガラス板を熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、または遮熱ガラスとして構成した例が挙げられる。この形態であれば、車両室内および複層ガラス内の昇温を抑制できる。これにより、室内の快適性を高め、かつ、調光板材１４の液晶３２が熱により劣化することを低減できる。 [Heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass and heat shielding glass]
As another form, the example which comprised at least one glass plate of the outdoor side glass plate 16 and the indoor side glass plate 18 as heat ray absorption glass, heat ray reflective glass, or heat insulation glass is mentioned. If it is this form, the temperature rise in a vehicle interior and multilayer glass can be suppressed. Thereby, indoor comfort can be improved and it can reduce that the liquid crystal 32 of the light control board | plate material 14 deteriorates with a heat | fever.
　熱線反射ガラスは、表面に熱線反射膜を有するガラス板や、熱線反射フィルムを貼着したガラス板が挙げられる。また、ガラス板が合わせガラスの場合には、赤外線吸収剤を中間膜の材料に添加させることによって熱線吸収ガラスが得られる。 Examples of the heat ray reflective glass include a glass plate having a heat ray reflective film on the surface and a glass plate having a heat ray reflective film attached thereto. Moreover, when a glass plate is a laminated glass, heat ray absorption glass is obtained by adding an infrared absorber to the material of an intermediate film.
　前記熱線反射膜としては、銀又は酸化錫を主成分とする層を有する膜、いわゆる、Low-E(Low Emissivity)膜を例示できる。このLow-E膜は、スパッタリング法等の成膜法によって成膜される。Low-E膜による赤外線の反射率は、高ければ高いほど好ましいが、通常の反射率は４０～５０％程度である。Low-E膜によって、車両室内の昇温を抑制することができる。 Examples of the heat ray reflective film include a film having a layer mainly composed of silver or tin oxide, a so-called Low-E (Low-Emissivity) film. This Low-E film is formed by a film forming method such as a sputtering method. The higher the infrared reflectivity by the Low-E film, the better. However, the normal reflectivity is about 40 to 50%. The low-E film can suppress the temperature rise in the vehicle compartment.
　前記熱線反射フィルムとしては、ＰＥＴ等の透明フィルムの表面に酸化物層又は金属層、又は酸化物層と金属層からなる熱線反射膜を形成したフィルムを例示できる。 Examples of the heat ray reflective film include a film in which a heat ray reflective film composed of an oxide layer or a metal layer, or an oxide layer and a metal layer is formed on the surface of a transparent film such as PET.
　前記赤外線吸収剤としては、ＩＴＯ（Ｉｎ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２系）、ＡＴＯ（ＺｎＯ－ＴｉＯ２系）、ホウ化ランタン等の無機微粒子や、シアニン系化合物、フタロシアニン系化合物、ナフタロシアニン系化合物、ジチオール金属錯体系化合物、ジイモニウム系化合物、ポリメチン系化合物、フタリド化合物、ナフトキノン系化合物、アントラキノン系化合物、インドフェノール系化合物等の有機系色素を例示できる。 Examples of the infrared absorber include inorganic fine particles such as ITO (In 2 O 3 —TiO 2 ), ATO (ZnO—TiO 2 ), lanthanum boride, cyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, Examples thereof include organic dyes such as dithiol metal complex compounds, diimonium compounds, polymethine compounds, phthalide compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, and indophenol compounds.
　〔調光窓の変形例〕
　図６に示す調光窓６０の要部断面図によれば、室外側ガラス板１６、室内側ガラス板１８、及び中間ガラス板６２からなる３枚のガラス板によって複層ガラス６４を構成し、室内側ガラス板１８の対向面１８Ａに調光板材１４を貼り付けたものである。つまり、複層ガラスとしては、２枚以上のガラス板を備えるものも含む。 [Modification of light control window]
According to the cross-sectional view of the main part of the light control window 60 shown in FIG. 6, the multilayer glass 64 is constituted by three glass plates including the outdoor side glass plate 16, the indoor side glass plate 18, and the intermediate glass plate 62, The light control plate material 14 is attached to the facing surface 18A of the indoor side glass plate 18. In other words, the multilayer glass includes those having two or more glass plates.
　上記実施の形態では、本発明の調光窓として、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された調光窓１０を例示したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、本発明の複層ガラスは、自動車、航空機、船舶等の窓ガラスの他、建築物の窓ガラスとしても適用することができる。 In the above embodiment, the light control window 10 applied to a window glass for a railway vehicle is exemplified as the light control window of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the multilayer glass of the present invention can be applied as a window glass of a building as well as a window glass of an automobile, an aircraft, a ship or the like.
　本発明によれば、防眩機能を有しつつ、ヘイズ感を低減することで、外観を向上でき、また外力に対する対抗力を高めた調光板材を有する調光窓を提供することができ、特に鉄道車両等の窓ガラス用として有用である。
　なお、２０１４年９月１７日に出願された日本特許出願２０１４－１８８５７３号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dimming window having a dimming plate material that has an anti-glare function while reducing the haze feeling, can improve the appearance, and has increased resistance to external force, It is particularly useful as a window glass for railway vehicles.
The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-188573 filed on Sep. 17, 2014 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the present invention. .
　１０…調光窓、１２…複層ガラス、１４…調光板材、１６…室外側ガラス板、１６Ａ…対向面（中空層側面）、１８…室内側ガラス板、１８Ａ…対向面（中空層側面）、２０…スペーサ、２２…ブチルゴム、２４…中空層、２６…シリコーンシーリング材、２８…乾燥剤、３０…開口部、３２…液晶、３４…透明電極付き透明板材、３６…透明接着剤、４０…調光窓、４２…紫外線遮蔽層、５０…調光窓、５２…合わせガラス、５４…ガラス板、５６…中間膜、６０…調光窓、６２…中間ガラス板。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Light control window, 12 ... Multi-layer glass, 14 ... Light control board material, 16 ... Outdoor side glass plate, 16A ... Opposite surface (hollow layer side surface), 18 ... Indoor side glass plate, 18A ... Opposite surface (hollow layer side surface) ), 20 ... spacer, 22 ... butyl rubber, 24 ... hollow layer, 26 ... silicone sealant, 28 ... desiccant, 30 ... opening, 32 ... liquid crystal, 34 ... transparent plate with transparent electrode, 36 ... transparent adhesive, 40 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Light control window, 42 ... Ultraviolet shielding layer, 50 ... Light control window, 52 ... Laminated glass, 54 ... Glass plate, 56 ... Intermediate film, 60 ... Light control window, 62 ... Intermediate glass plate.

Claims (4)

  1. 　室外側に配置される室外側ガラス板と室内側に配置される室内側ガラス板とを少なくとも備え、室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板との間に中空層が形成されるように室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板とがスペーサおよびシール材を介して隔置された複層ガラスと、
    　電圧の印加時に不透明になり、非印加時に透明になるリバースモード型の液晶と硬化物とにより形成された液晶調光材料が２枚の透明電極付き透明板材の間に封入された調光板材を備え、
    　前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板のうち一方のガラス板の可視光線透過率は７０％以下であり、
    　前記調光板材は、前記室外側ガラス板と前記室内側ガラス板との対向面のうち、一方の対向面に取り付けられてなることを特徴とする調光窓。     The outdoor glass is provided with at least an outdoor glass plate disposed on the outdoor side and an indoor glass plate disposed on the indoor side, and a hollow layer is formed between the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate. A multilayer glass in which a plate and a room side glass plate are spaced apart via a spacer and a sealing material;
    A light control plate material in which a liquid crystal light control material formed of a reverse mode type liquid crystal and a cured product that becomes opaque when a voltage is applied and becomes transparent when no voltage is applied is enclosed between two transparent plates with a transparent electrode Prepared,
    The visible light transmittance of one of the outdoor side glass plate and the indoor side glass plate is 70% or less,
    The said light control board material is attached to one opposing surface among the opposing surfaces of the said outdoor side glass plate and the said indoor side glass plate, The light control window characterized by the above-mentioned.
  2. 　前記調光板材は、前記室内側ガラス板に取り付けられている請求項１に記載の調光窓。 The light control window according to claim 1, wherein the light control plate material is attached to the indoor side glass plate.
  3. 　前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板の少なくとも一方のガラス板は、紫外線遮断機能を備える請求項１又は２に記載の調光窓。 The light control window according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate has an ultraviolet blocking function.
  4. 　前記室外側ガラス板及び前記室内側ガラス板の少なくとも一方のガラス板は、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラスまたは遮熱ガラスである請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の調光窓。 The light control window according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate is heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, or heat shielding glass.
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