WO2016042281A1 - Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples - Google Patents

Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016042281A1
WO2016042281A1 PCT/GB2014/052794 GB2014052794W WO2016042281A1 WO 2016042281 A1 WO2016042281 A1 WO 2016042281A1 GB 2014052794 W GB2014052794 W GB 2014052794W WO 2016042281 A1 WO2016042281 A1 WO 2016042281A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
heated
droplets
conditioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2014/052794
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pablo Matias DUPUY
Oddbjørn Rekaa NILSSEN
Original Assignee
Statoil Petroleum As
Stevens, Jason
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Petroleum As, Stevens, Jason filed Critical Statoil Petroleum As
Priority to PCT/GB2014/052794 priority Critical patent/WO2016042281A1/fr
Publication of WO2016042281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016042281A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
    • G01N2001/2261—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney preventing condensation (heating lines)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for conditioning a multi-phase stream, and in particular a gas stream with low liquid content.
  • a known apparatus for measuring fluid density, and specifically the density of a natural gas stream, is disclosed in WO 201 1/039534.
  • the apparatus includes a source of beta particles, and a detector capable of detecting the beta particles.
  • the fluid (which in practice is a gas with a small amount of entrained liquid) passes between the source and the detector, and the amount of beta particles detected by the detector varies with the density of the fluid. Since the density depends to some degree on the amount of liquid entrained in the gas, a variation in the amount of beta particles detected by the detector can be correlated with a variation in the amount of liquid entrained in the gas.
  • the film would have a considerable effect on beta particles passing through it. Further, if that liquid were to move (say) 100 times slower than the gas flow, it could be interpreted as 100 times the amount of liquid moving at the gas velocity.
  • Other types of density or phase measuring device are also prone to errors arising from the presence of liquid films, and a liquid film with a thickness of only a few micrometres can produce errors up to two orders of magnitude on instrument reading.
  • water-repellent coatings on surfaces. If such a coating were to be formed on the surface of a detector as described above, it would prevent water in the gas stream from being deposited or condensing on the coated surfaces.
  • a natural gas stream can also include condensed hydrocarbons, and a water-repellent coating will not necessarily prevent the condensed hydrocarbons from forming a film.
  • the uncertainty due to aging or service fouling is difficult to account for.
  • the invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to condition the multiphase stream to prevent formation of a liquid film, to allow more accurate measurement of the liquid content of a gas stream.
  • a method of conditioning a multi-phase flow of gas with entrained liquid droplets in a process stream section where a multi-phase measurement sensitive to the hold-up is to be made comprising heating a surface within the section to a temperature such that droplets of liquid contacting the heated surface are subject to the
  • the Leidenfrost effect prevents the heated surface from being wetted by any droplets of liquid which may come into contact with it. As a result, liquid does not accumulate on the surface, but remains in the gas flow, and so accurate measurements of the overall density of the gas, and thus the amount of liquid entrained in the gas, can be made.
  • the surface is heated by means of a heater located beneath the surface. This arrangement allows the surface to be heated without affecting the flow within the pipe.
  • the surface is heated by means of a hot gas which is directed towards or along the surface.
  • the hot gas will also tend to blow any liquid away from the surface.
  • the hot gas can be supplied from outside the pipe; however, it is preferred for a part of the multi-phase flow of gas is dried and heated to produce the hot gas. This avoids any risk of the gas in the pipe being contaminated.
  • An additional element of the invention is placing a liquid film breaker upstream of the measurement section.
  • the film breaker (which may be an entrainment disk) is a device which acts to ensure that most of the annular flow (at the outer edge of the process stream section) is entrained into the gas flow. This will facilitate the heating discussed above, as it is easier to prevent deposition of a few droplets than it is to evaporate the entire annular liquid film.
  • the presence of a film of liquid on the detector can have a very significant effect on the accuracy of the measurements made.
  • the Leidenfrost effect prevents a film of liquid from forming on the detector, and thus allows accurate measurements to be made.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a natural gas pipe with a detector, incorporating means according to the preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 1 shows a part of a pipe 10 for carrying a natural gas stream.
  • the natural gas stream will include some liquid, in the form of water and/or condensed hydrocarbons.
  • the pipe is provided with a detector 12 for measuring the density of the gas stream flowing past, and this density can be used to determine the liquid content of the gas flow in a known manner.
  • the detector 12 is arranged downstream of a venturi 14.
  • heating means are provided to raise the temperature of these surfaces. More specifically, the surfaces are heated to a sufficiently high temperature for the Leidenfrost effect to occur.
  • the Leidenfrost effect occurs when a drop of liquid comes into contact with a surface whose temperature is well above the boiling point of the liquid. At the initial contact of the drop with the hot surface, the bottom part of the drop boils immediately. This produces a layer of gas between the hot surface and the droplet, and this layer of gas supports the rest of the droplet, preventing further direct contact between the drop and the hot surface. Since the gas will normally have a much lower thermal conductivity then the liquid, further heat transfer between the hot surface and the drop is reduced, so the drop remains suspended above the hot surface and does not come into further contact with it.
  • the Leidenfrost temperature for water (or aqueous phase) depends on a number of factors (such as the nature of the surface); however, the Leidenfrost temperature for water is greater than the Leidenfrost temperature for the condensed
  • hydrocarbons likely to be found in a natural gas stream, and so it is only necessary to heat the surfaces to the Leidenfrost temperature for water (or aqueous phase) to ensure that the liquids in the natural gas stream form discrete droplets rather than a film.
  • Other hydrocarbon mixtures can have a different Leidenfrost temperature, but this can easily be found theoretically or through a routine lab-scale test.
  • a heating element 20 can be located underneath the surfaces 22 where condensation is to be avoided, in order to increase the temperature of these surfaces.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating element 20 disposed in the wall of the pipe.
  • the drier device may be located inside the process pipe, so that the drawn-off gas is already dried.
  • the heated gas will heat the surface 22 to raise its temperature to above the Leidenfrost temperature, and will also have the effect of helping to blow droplets away from the surface.
  • the Leidenfrost effect prevents a film of liquid from being formed on the surfaces; instead, liquid will form droplets that do not come into contact with the surface, and the movement of the gas stream will tend to sweep the droplets from the surface. Thus, the surfaces will remain free of liquid, so that the accuracy of the flow density measurements can be improved.
  • the liquid will remain dispersed in the gas.
  • the average velocity of the liquid phase will be very close to the average velocity of the gas phase, and so the slip ratio (the ratio between the velocity of the gas phase and the velocity of the liquid phase) will be close to unity (that is, a "no slip” condition).
  • the "no-slip" condition reduces the need to calibrate multi-phase meters such as the detector described in WO
  • Trustable (and calibration-free) multiphase metering is particularly important for subsea applications and monitoring of subsea processes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le conditionnement d'un flux à phases multiples, et en particulier d'un flux gazeux à faible teneur en liquide. Spécifiquement, l'invention concerne un procédé de conditionnement d'un écoulement de gaz à phases multiples avec des gouttelettes de liquide entraînées dans une section de flux de traitement où une mesure de phase multiples sensible à la rétention doit être réalisée, comprenant les étapes consistant à chauffer une surface à l'intérieur de la section à une température telle que des gouttelettes de liquide en contact avec la surface chauffée subissent l'effet de Leidenfrost. Ceci empêche la surface chauffée d'être mouillée par de quelconques gouttelettes de liquide qui pourraient venir en contact avec celle-ci, de sorte que le liquide ne s'accumule pas sur la surface, mais reste dans l'écoulement de gaz. Ainsi, des mesures précises de la densité totale du gaz, et, par là même, de la quantité de liquide entraînée dans le gaz, peuvent être réalisées.
PCT/GB2014/052794 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples WO2016042281A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2014/052794 WO2016042281A1 (fr) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2014/052794 WO2016042281A1 (fr) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016042281A1 true WO2016042281A1 (fr) 2016-03-24

Family

ID=51570763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2014/052794 WO2016042281A1 (fr) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Conditionnement de flux à phases multiples

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016042281A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108169450A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-15 辽宁工程技术大学 一种低透气性煤层的瓦斯含量测量装置
CN109991245A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-07-09 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 一种射线型掺气浓度仪校验方法
CN111261006A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-09 肇庆学院 一种基于手机录像的莱顿弗罗斯特效应观察测量装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030209055A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2003-11-13 University Of Maryland Sensor probe for measuring temperature and liquid volumetric fraction of a liquid droplet laden hot gas and method of using same
US20040011139A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2004-01-22 Daniel Paul Richard Meter for the measurement of multiphase fluids and wet gas
WO2011039534A1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2011-04-07 Johnson Matthey Plc Procédé et appareil pour déterminer la densité d'un fluide

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040011139A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2004-01-22 Daniel Paul Richard Meter for the measurement of multiphase fluids and wet gas
US20030209055A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2003-11-13 University Of Maryland Sensor probe for measuring temperature and liquid volumetric fraction of a liquid droplet laden hot gas and method of using same
WO2011039534A1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2011-04-07 Johnson Matthey Plc Procédé et appareil pour déterminer la densité d'un fluide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SBASTIEN CADALEN ET AL: "A mechanics approach for wet gas flow metering, theory and application to flow loop tests", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 37, no. 3, 22 September 2010 (2010-09-22), pages 260 - 267, XP028369048, ISSN: 0301-9322, [retrieved on 20101012], DOI: 10.1016/J.IJMULTIPHASEFLOW.2010.09.006 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108169450A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-15 辽宁工程技术大学 一种低透气性煤层的瓦斯含量测量装置
CN109991245A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-07-09 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 一种射线型掺气浓度仪校验方法
CN111261006A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-09 肇庆学院 一种基于手机录像的莱顿弗罗斯特效应观察测量装置

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