WO2016038067A1 - Utilisation d'afidopyropène dans des plantes génétiquement modifiées - Google Patents

Utilisation d'afidopyropène dans des plantes génétiquement modifiées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016038067A1
WO2016038067A1 PCT/EP2015/070554 EP2015070554W WO2016038067A1 WO 2016038067 A1 WO2016038067 A1 WO 2016038067A1 EP 2015070554 W EP2015070554 W EP 2015070554W WO 2016038067 A1 WO2016038067 A1 WO 2016038067A1
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plant
spp
tolerance
plants
resistance
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PCT/EP2015/070554
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English (en)
Inventor
Ralph Paulini
Klaus DÄSCHNER
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Basf Se
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling pests and/or increasing the plant health of a cultivated plant with at least one (genetic) modification (hereinafter abbreviated as "cultivat- ed plant” and described in more details further below) as compared to the respective non- modified control plant, comprising the application of a pesticidally active pyripyropene compound, especially afidopyropen, to a cultivated plant, parts of such plant, plant propagation material, or at its locus of growth.
  • Cultivated plants may be for example plants that have - optionally also among others - an insecticidal trait. It is a wide-spread problem that insects, that are combatted with insectides, develop resistance, i.e. they become less or not all anymore susceptible to the insecticidal effect.
  • afidopyropene or mixtures or compositions comprising afidopyropene are useful in methods of controlling harmful insects by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth, wherein the plant has at least one trait.
  • Pesticides are known to be harmful to humans and to animals in general. The environmental consequences that these pesticides cause is often complicated due to the methods of applying the pesticides by foliar spraying or direct application to the surface of the soil.
  • Wind-drift, leaching, and runoff can cause the migration and spreading of some percentages of the pesticide out of the field of applicationdesired zone of activity.
  • transgenic event alone may not be sufficiently effective to protect crops from damage by pests.
  • the total control of pest damage by any one transgenic event may even not be desirable in the long term, because of the potential for the development of resistant strains of the target pest.
  • Alternatives to the conventional forms of pesticide application according to the present invention is the treatment of plant proparagation material, preferably seeds, with pesticides.
  • pesticides to protect seeds from attack after planting, and the use of low levels of insecticides for the protection of the crop has been used for some time.
  • Seed treatment with pesticides has the advantages providing for the protection of the seeds, while minimizing the amount of pesticide that is required and limiting the amount of contact with the pesticide and the number of different field applications that are necessary.
  • the present invention is directed to a novel method for protecting a cultivated plant against damage by one or more pests, the method comprising providing a pesticide for cultivated plant or a treated seed which seed comprises a transgenic event.
  • afidopyropen and the naturally occurring insecticidal pyripyropene A derivative themselves and their combined application with other insecticides are known to have shown activity against certain crop damaging insect pests, afidopyropen and some of its selected mixtures with pesticidally active compounds (II) have not yet been described for solving discussed problems as mentioned above.
  • WO 2009/081851 discloses various agrochemical formulations of afidopyropen and useful additives for agrochemical formulations of it.
  • EP 1 889 540 and EP 2223599 disclose various agro- chemical formulations of pyripyropene derivatives.
  • the Afidopyropen may be prepared by the process described in WO 2006/129714, EP 2 186 815, EP2426124, EP1889540 and
  • EP2426124 Further, EP 2 1 19 361 , WO201 1 147952 and WO201 1 147853 describe different mixtures of afidopyropen with other insecticidal or fungicidal active ingrdients.
  • Pyripyropene A pyripyropene pesticide of formula I .A herein below
  • WO 94/09417 may for example be used as starting material for preparing further pyripyropene derivatives.
  • Pyripyropene A has inhibitory activity against ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase) and is expected to be applied, for example, for the treatment of diseases induced by cholesterol ac- cumulation, as described in Japanese Patent No. 2993767 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 360895/1992 ) and Journal of Antibiotics (1993), 46(7), 1 168-9.
  • ACAT acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase
  • pyripyropene A itself has insecticidal activity against larvae of Helicoverpa zea.
  • WO 2004/060065 describes that pyripyropene A has insecticidal activity against Plutella xy- lostella L larvae and Tenebrio molitor L.
  • the subject matter of the present invention includes methods for protecting cultivated plants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with afidopyropen, especially with a composition comprising afidopyropen in pesticidally effective amounts; a method for controlling insects, arachnids or nematodes comprising contacting an insect, acarid or nematode or their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with afidopyropen, especially with a composition comprising afidopyropen in pesticidally effective amounts; a method for protection of plant propagation material comprising contacting the cultivated plant propagation material, preferably seeds, with afidopyropen, especially with a composition comprising afidopyropen in pesticidally effective amounts; and finally seeds as such cultivated plant propagation material, comprising said composition.
  • pyri- pyropene A as an insecticidal active pyripyropene derivative.
  • pyri- pyropene A as an insecticidal active pyripyropene derivative.
  • compounds of the present invention preference is given in each and every case to afidopyropen as pesticidal active ingredient.
  • composition(s) according to the invention or “composition(s) of the present invention” encompasses composition(s) comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or mixtures of the compounds of formula (I) with other pesticidally active compound(s) II for being used and/or applied in methods according to the invention as defined above.
  • the pyripyropene derivative afidopyropen applied in methods and uses according to the present invention comprise the compound as defined herein as well as a known stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof (including a polymorphic crystalline form, a co-crystal or a solvate of a compound or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof. Same would apply to the pyripyropene A.
  • afidopyropen and mixtures comprising afidopyropene are in particular suitable for efficiently controlling arthropodal pests such as arachnids, myriape- des and insects as well as nematodes.
  • pests embrace animal pests (such as insects, acarids or nematodes).
  • animal pests include, but are not limited to the following genera and species: insects from the order of Lepidoptera, for example Achroia grisella, Aden ' s pp. such as A. fimbriana, A. gloverana, A.
  • Acrolepiopsis assectella Acronicta major
  • Adoxophyes spp. such as A. cyrtosema, A. orana
  • Aedia leucomelas Agrotis spp. such as A. exclamationis, A. fucosa, A. ipsiion, A. orthogoma, A. segetum, A.
  • Argyresthia conjugel- la Argyroploce spp., Argyrotaenia spp.
  • A. velutinana Athetis mindara, Austroasca vi- ridigrisea, Autographa gamma, Autographa nigrisigna, Barathra brassicae, Bedel/la spp., Bon- agota salubricola, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp. such as C. murinana, C.
  • Cactoblastis cactorum Cadra cautella, Calingo braziliensis, Caloptilis theivora, Capua reticulana, Carposina spp. such as C. niponensis, C. sasakii; Cephus spp., Chaetocnema aridula, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp. such as C. Indi- cus, C. suppressalis, C. partellus; Choreutis pariana, Choristoneura spp. such as C. conflictana, C. fumiferana, C. longicellana, C. murinana, C. occidentalis, C.
  • kuehniella kuehniella; Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis tiliaria, Erionota thrax, Etiella spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Evetria bouliana, Faronta albilinea, Fe/tia spp. such as F. subterranean; Galleria mellonella, Grac/i/aria spp., Grapholita spp. such as G. funebrana, G.
  • H. armigera Heliothis armigera
  • H. zea Heliothis zea
  • Heliothis spp. such as H. assulta, H. subfiexa, H. virescens
  • Heiiuia spp. such as H. undalis, H.
  • Mamestra spp. such as M. brassicae, M. configurata; Mamstra brassicae, Manduca spp. such as M. quin- quemaculata, M. sexta; Marasmia spp, Marmara spp., Maruca test u la I is, Megalopyge lanata, Melanchra picta, Melanitis leda, Mods spp. such as M. lapites, M.
  • operculella Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. such as P. blancardella, P. crataegella, P. issikii, P. ringoniella; Pieris spp. such as P. brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi; Pilocrocis tripunctata, Plathy- pena scabra, Platynota spp. such as P. flavedana, P. idaeusalis, P.
  • stultana Platyptilia cardui- dactyla, Plebejus argus, Plodia interpunctella, Plusia spp, Plutella maculipennis, Plutella xy- lostella, Pontia protodica, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Proxenus /epigone, Pseuda/et/a spp. such as P. sequax, P.
  • Udea spp. such as U. rubigalis, U. rubigalis
  • Virachola spp. Yponomeuta padella, and Zeiraphera canadensis
  • insects from the order of Coleoptera for example Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscehdes obtec- tus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agrilus spp. such as A. anxius, A. planipennis, A. sinuatus; Agriotes spp. such as A. fuscicollis, A. lineatus, A.
  • Attagenus spp. Aula- cophora femora/is, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp. such as z?. lentis, B. pisorum, B. rufimanus; Byctiscus be tula e, Callidiellum rufipenne, Cal- lop/stria floridensis, Callosobruchus chinensis, Cameraria ohridella, Cassida nebulosa, Ceroto- ma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorhynchus spp. such as C. assimilis, C.
  • Diaprepes abbreviates, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus abderus, Diocalandra frumenti (Diocalandra stigmaticollis), Enaphalodes rufulus, Epilachna spp. such as E. varivestis, E. vigintioctomaculata; Epitrix spp. such as E. hirtipennis, E.
  • hypomeces squamosus Hypothenemus spp., Ips typographus, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricorne, Latheticus oryzae, Lath- ridius spp., Lema spp. such as L. bilineata, L. melanopus; Leptinotarsa spp. such as L. decem- lineata; Leptispa pygmaea, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lu- perodes spp., Lyctus spp. such as L.
  • vuineratus Sudperda Candida, Scolytus schevyrewi, Scyphophorus acupunctatus, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus spp. such as S. granaria, S. oryzae, S. zeamais; Sphenophorus spp. such as S. levis; Stegobium paniceum, Sternechus spp. such as S. subsignatus; Strophomorphus ctenotus, Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp. such as T.
  • Aedes spp. such as A aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vexans
  • Anastrepha ludens Anopheles spp.
  • A. albimanus such as A. crucians, A. freeborn/, A. gambiae, A. leucosphyrus, A. maculipennis, A. minimus, A. quadrimaculatus, A.
  • quinquefasciatus C. tarsalis, C. tritaeniorhynchus
  • Culicoides furens, Culiseta inor- nata, Culiseta melanura, Cuterebra spp. Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Dasineura oxycoccana, Delia spp. such as D. antique, D. coarctata, D. platura, D. radicum
  • Dermatobia hominis Drosophila spp. such as D. suzukii, Fannia spp. such as F. canicularis
  • Gastraphilus spp. such as G.
  • Geomyza t/punctata, G/ossina spp. such as G fusci- pes, G morsitans, G paipaiis, G tachinoides; Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia spp. such as H. platura; Hypoderma spp. such as H. lineata; Hyppo- bosca spp., Hydrellia philippina, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza spp. such as L. sativae, L. trifo- lii; Lucilia spp. such as L.
  • caprina L. cuprina, L. sericata
  • Lycoria pectoralis Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola spp.
  • Musca spp. such as M. autumnalis, M. domestica
  • Musci- na stabuians Oestrus spp.
  • O ovis Opomyza fiorum, Oscineiia spp. such as O frit
  • Orseolia oryzae Pegomya hysocyami, Phlebotomus argentipes, Phorbia spp. such as P. anti- qua, P. brassicae, P.
  • insects from the order of Thysanoptera for example, Basothrips biformis, Dichromothrips cor- betti, Dichromothrips ssp., Echinothrips americanus, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp. such as F. fusca, F. occidentalis, F. tritici; Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femora/is, Kakothrips spp., Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Neohydatothrips samayunkur, Pezothrips kellyanus, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp. such as S.
  • insects from the order of Hemiptera for example, Acizzia jamatonica, Acrosternum spp. such as A. hilare; Acyrthosipon spp. such as A. onobrychis, A. pisum; Adelges laricis, Adelges tsu- gae, Adelphocoris spp., such as A. rapidus, A.
  • Brachycaudus spp. such as B. cardui, B. heiichrysi, B. persicae, B. prunicoia; Brachyco/us spp., Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp. such as C fulguralis, C.
  • D/asp/s spp. such as D. bromeliae; Dichelops furcatus, Diconoco- ris hewetti, Dora/is spp., Dreyfus/a nordmannianae, Dreyfus/a piceae, Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp. such as D. piantaginea, D. pyri, D. radicola; Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysdercus spp. such as D. cingulatus, D. intermedius; Dysmicoccus spp., Edessa spp., Geocoris spp., Empoasca spp.
  • E. fabae such as E. fabae, E. so/ana; Ep/diaspis leperii, Eriosoma spp. such as E. lanig- erum, E. pyricola; Erythroneura spp., Eurygaster spp. such as E. integriceps; Euscelis bilobatus, Euschistus spp. such as E. heros, E. impictiventris, E. servus; Fiorinia theae, Geococcus coffe- ae, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Halyomorpha spp. such as H.
  • Leptocorisa spp. Lep- toglossus phyllopus, Lipaphis erysimi, Lygus spp. such as L. hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. praten- sis; Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Marchalina h el/en lea, Macro pes excavatus, Macrosiphum spp. such as M. rosae, M. avenae, M.
  • Nasonovia ribis-nigri Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Neotoxoptera formosana, Neomegalotomus spp, Nephotettix spp. such as N. malayanus, N. nigropictus, N. parvus, N. virescens; Nezara spp. such as N. viridula; Nilaparvata lugens, Nysius huttoni, Oebalus spp. such as O.
  • P. devastatrix Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp. such as P. guildinii; Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp. such as P. citri, P. ficus; Prosapia bicincta, Protopulvi- naria pyri for mis, Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta perse a, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudo- coccus spp. such as P. comstocki; Psylla spp. such as P.
  • Pteromalus spp. Pulvinaria amygdali, Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., such as Q. perniciosus; Quesada gigas, Rastro- coccus spp., Reduvius senilis, Rhizoecus americanus, Rhodnius spp., Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum spp. such as R. pseudobrassicas, R. insertum, R. maidis, R.
  • T. accerra, T. perditor Tibraca spp., Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp. such as T. aurantii; Trialeurodes spp. such as T. abutilonea, T. ricini, T. vaporariorum; Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typh/ocyba spp., Unaspis spp. such as U. citri, U. yanonensis; and Viteus vitifolii, Insects from the order Hymenoptera for example Acanthomyops interjectus, Athalia rosae, At- ta spp. such as A.
  • capiguara A. cephalotes, A. cephalotes, A. laevigata, A. robusta, A. sexdens, A. texana, Bombus spp., Brachymyrmex spp., Camponotus spp. such as C. florida- nus, C. pennsylvanicus, C. modoc; Cardiocondyla nuda, Chalibion sp, Crematogaster spp., Dasymutilla occidentalis, Diprion spp., Dolichovespula maculata, Dorymyrmex spp., Dryocos- mus kuriphilus, Formica spp., Hoplocampa spp.
  • Insects from the order Orthoptera for example Acheta domesticus, Calliptamus italicus, Chor- toicetes terminifera, Ceuthophilus spp., Diastrammena asynamora, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Gryllotalpa spp. such as G. africana, G. gryllotalpa; Gryllus spp., Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria anguiifera, Locusta spp. such as L. migratoria, L. pardalina; Meianopius spp. such as M bivittatus, M. femurrubrum, M. mexicanus, M. sanguinipes, M.
  • Pests from the Class Arachnida for example Acari,e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma spp. (e.g. A. americanum, A. variegatum, A. macuiatum), Argas spp. such as A. persicu), Boophilus spp. such as B. annulatus, B. decoloratus, B. mi- croplus, Dermacentor spp. such as D.silvarum, D. andersoni, D. variabilis, Hyalomma spp. such as H. truncatum, Ixodes spp. such as /. ricinus, I.
  • Amblyomma spp. e.g. A. americanum, A. variegatum, A. macuiatum
  • Argas spp. such as A. persicu
  • Boophilus spp. such
  • rubicundus I. scapularis, I. holocyclus, I. pacificus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ornithodorus spp. such as O. moubata, O. hermsi, O. turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes spp. such as P. ovis, Rhipicephalus spp. such as R. sanguineus, R. appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus everts/, Rh/zog/yphus spp., Sarcoptes spp. such asS.
  • Scabiei, and Family Eriophyidae including Acer/a spp. such as A. she/doni, A. anthocoptes, A callitus spp., Aculops spp. such as A. lycopersici, A. pe/ekassi, Acu/us spp. such as A. sch/echtenda/i; Colomerus vitis, Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllo- coptruta oleivora; Eriophytes ribis and Eriophyes spp.
  • Acer/a spp. such as A. she/doni, A. anthocoptes, A callitus spp., Aculops spp. such as A. lycopersici, A. pe/ekassi, Acu/us spp. such as A. sch/echtenda/i; Colomerus vitis, Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllo- coptruta oleivora
  • Halotydeus destructor Family Demodicidae with species such as Demodex spp.; Family Trombicidea including Trombicula spp.; Family Macro- nyssidae including Ornothonyssus spp.; Family Pyemotidae including Pyemotes tritici, Tyropha- gus putrescentiae; Family Acaridae including Acarus siro; Family Araneida including Latrodec- tus mactans, Tegenaria agrestis, Chiracanthium sp, Lycosa sp Achaearanea tepidariorum and Loxosceles reclusa,
  • Pests from the Phylum Nematoda for example, plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. such as M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera spp. such as G. rostochiensis; Heterodera spp. such as H. avenae, H. gly- cines, H. schachtii, H. trifo/ii; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp:, Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphe/enchoides spp. such as A.
  • plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. such as M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera spp. such as
  • Awl nematodes Dolichodorus spp.
  • Spiral nematodes Heliocotylenchus multicinctus
  • Sheath and sheathoid nematodes A e/77- icycliophora spp. and Hemicriconemoides spp.
  • Hirshmanniella spp. Lance nematodes, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ - loaimus spp.
  • False rootknot nematodes Nacobbus spp.
  • Needle nematodes Longidorus spp. such as Z.. elongatus
  • Lesion nematodes Pratylenchus spp.
  • Stunt nematodes Tylencho- rhynchus spp. such as 7! claytoni, T. dub/us
  • Citrus nematodes Ty/enchu/us spp. such as 7! semipenetrans
  • Dagger nematodes Xiphinema spp.
  • other plant parasitic nematode species include Stunt nematodes, Tylencho- rhynchus spp. such as 7! claytoni, T. dub/us;
  • Citrus nematodes Ty/enchu/us spp.
  • Dagger nematodes Xiphinema spp.; and other plant parasitic nematode species;
  • Insects from the order Isoptera for example Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes spp. such as C. formosanus, C. gestroi, C. acinaciformis; Cornitermes cumuians, Cryptotermes spp. such as C. brevis, C. cavifrons; Globitermes sulfureus, Heterotermes spp. such as A/, aureus, H. longi- ce s, A/, tenuis; Leucotermes flavipes, Odontotermes spp., Incisitermes spp. such as /. /7?/ 7or, /. Snyder, Marginitermes hubbardi, Mastotermes spp. such as M.
  • Neocapritermes spp. such as N. opacus, N. parvus
  • Neotermes spp. Procornitermes spp.
  • Zootermopsis spp. such as Z. angusticoiiis, Z. nevadensis, Reticuiitermes spp. such as ?. hesperus, R. tibialis, R. speratus, R. flavipes, R. grassei, R. lucifugus, R. santonensis, R. virginicus
  • Pests from the class Diplopoda for example Blaniulus guttulatus, Ju/us spp., Narceus spp., Pests from the class Symphyla for example Scutigerella immaculata,
  • Insects from the order Collembola for example Onychiurus spp., such as Onychiurus armatus, Pests from the order Isopoda for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber,
  • Insects from the order Phthiraptera for example Damalinia spp., Pedicuius spp. such as Pe- diculus humanus capitis, Pedicuius humanus corporis, Pedicuius humanus humanus; Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus spp. such as Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus spp. such as Linognathus vituii; Bovicoia bovis, Menopon gaiiinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus, Trichodectes spp.,
  • Examples of further pest species which may be controlled by compounds of fomula (I) include: from the Phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia, for example, Dreissena spp.; class Gastropoda, for example, Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea canaliclata, Succinea spp.; from the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancy- lostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis s
  • Haemonchus contortus such as Haemonchus contortus; Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesoph- agostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonim us spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercora lis, Stronyloides spp.,
  • Taenia saginata Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichi- nella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
  • the application methods, uses and mixtures of the present invention are particularly useful for controlling insects of the orders Hemiptera and Thysanoptera.
  • the application methods, uses and mixtures of the present invention are especially suitable for efficiently combating pests like insects from the order of Hemiptera, such as bugs, aphids, leaf- hoppers, plant hoppers, whiteflies, scale insects and cicadas and also thrips from the order of Thysanoptera.
  • pests like insects from the order of Hemiptera, such as bugs, aphids, leaf- hoppers, plant hoppers, whiteflies, scale insects and cicadas and also thrips from the order of Thysanoptera.
  • afidopyropen is employed as a solo product.
  • the present invention also relates to methods for controlling pests on and/or increasing the plant health of a cultivated plant, comprising in the application of afidopyropen or a mixture of afidopyropen and another active ingredient, e.g. a pesticide compound (II) to a cultivated plant, parts of such plant, plant propagation material or at its locus of growth.
  • afidopyropen or a mixture of afidopyropen and another active ingredient e.g. a pesticide compound (II)
  • afidpyropen is employed in combination (e.g. a mixture) with one or more active compound(s) II which is/are preferably a further insecticide or a fungicide.
  • the compound (II) pesticides together with which afidopyropen may be used according to the purpose of the present invention, and with which potential synergistic effects with regard to the method of uses might be produced, are selected and grouped according to the Mode of Action Classification from the Insecticde Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) and are selected from group M consisting of:
  • M.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors from the class of: M.1 A carbamates, for example aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofu- ran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xy
  • GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists such as: M.2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, as for example endosulfan or chlordane; or M.2B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), as for example ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole and pyriprole;
  • M.3 Sodium channel modulators from the class of M.3A pyrethroids for example acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S- cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fen
  • M.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists from the class of M.4A neonicotinoids, for example acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thia- cloprid and thiamethoxam; or the compounds M.4A.2: (2E-)-1 -[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'- nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; or M4.A.3: 1 -[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7- methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or from the class M.4B nicotine;
  • M.6 Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;
  • M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics such as M.7A juvenile hormone analogues as hydroprene, ki- noprene and methoprene; or others as M.7B fenoxycarb or M.7C pyriproxyfen;
  • M.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors for example M.8A alkyl halides as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or M.8B chloropicrin, or M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, or M.8D borax, or M.8E tartar emetic;
  • M.9 Selective homopteran feeding blockers for example M.9B pymetrozine, or M.9C floni- camid;
  • M.10 Mite growth inhibitors for example M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin, or M.10B etoxazole;
  • M.1 1 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes for example bacillus thuringiensis OK bacillus sphaericus and the insecticdal proteins they produce such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakiand bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, or the Bt crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34/35Ab1 ;
  • M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase for example M.12A diafenthiuron, or M.12B or- ganotin miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin or fenbutatin oxide, or M.12C propargite, or M.12D tetrad ifon;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers for example nereistoxin analogues as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam or thiosultap sodium;
  • benzoylureas as for example bistriflu- ron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novalu- ron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron;
  • M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 as for example buprofezin;
  • Ecdyson receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines, for example methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
  • Octopamin receptor agonists as for example amitraz
  • M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors for example M.20A hydramethyl- non, or M.20B acequinocyl, or M.20C fluacrypyrim
  • M.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors for example M.21 A METI acaricides and insecticides such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfenpyrad, or M.21 B rotenone;
  • M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers for example M.22A indoxacarb, or M.22B metaflumizone, or M.22B.1 : 2-[2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1 -[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide or M.22B.2: N-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4- chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;
  • M.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase such as Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;
  • M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors for example M.24A phosphine such as aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or M.24B cyanide;
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, for example cyenopyrafen or cyflumetofen;
  • M.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, as for example flubendia- mide, chlorantraniliprole (rynaxypyr®), cyantraniliprole (cyazypyr®), tetraniliprole, or the phthalamide compounds M.28.1 : (R)-3-Chlor-N1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1 - (trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl ⁇ -N2-(1 -methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid and M.28.2: (S)-3- Chlor-N1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1 -(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl ⁇ -N2-(1 -methyl-2- methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, or the compound M.28.3: 3-bromo-N-
  • insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action as for example, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, cryolite, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhex- afon, fluopyram, flupyradifurone, fluralaner, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, sulfoxaflor, tioxazafen, triflumezopyrim, or the compounds
  • M.29.5 1 -[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole-5-amine, or actives on basis of bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582); or
  • M.29.6a (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2- trifluoro-acetamide
  • M.29.6b (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]- 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide
  • M.29.6c (E/Z)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[1 -[(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2- pyridylidene]acetamide
  • M.29.6d (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-bromo-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2
  • M.29.9.a 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1 - oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; or M.29.9.b): fluxametamide; or
  • M.29.10 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1 H-pyrazole; or a compound selected from the group of M.29.1 1 , wherein the compound is selected from M.29.1 1 b) to M.29.1 1 p): M.29.1 1 .b) 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-[2-bromo-4-[1 , 2,2,3,3,3- hexafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide; M.29.1 1.c)
  • M.29.12 (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; or a compound selected from the group of M.29.12, wherein the compound is selected from M.29.12a) to M.29.12m): M.29.12.a) 2-(1 ,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; M.29.12. b) 2-[6-[2-(5-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.29.12.
  • M.29.14a 1 -[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1 ,2,3,5, 6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro- imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or M.29.14b) 1 -[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro- 1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-5-ol; or the compounds
  • M.29.16a 1 -isopropyl-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.29.16b) 1 - (1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.16c) N,5- dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoro-1 -methyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.16d) 1 - [1 -(1 -cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;
  • M.29.16e N-ethyl-1 -(2-fluoro-1 -methyl-propyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4- carboxamide
  • M.29.16f 1 -(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4- carboxamide
  • M.29.16h N-methyl-1 -(2-fluoro-1 -methyl-propyl]-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl- pyrazole-4-carboxamide
  • M.29.16i 1 -(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N-ethyl-5
  • M.29.17 a compound selected from the compounds M.29.17a) to M.29.17j): M.29.17a) N-(1 - methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.17b) N-cyclopropyl-2-(3- pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.17c) N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide; M.29.17d) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.17e) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;
  • M.29.17f methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate; M.29.17g) N- [(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.29.17h) N-(2,2- difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.29.17i) 2-(3-pyridinyl )-N-(2- pyrimidinylmethyl )-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.29.17j) N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2- (3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide, or
  • M.29.18 a compound selected from the compounds M.29.18a) to M.29.18d): M.29.18a) N-[3- chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfanyl)propanamide; M.29.18b) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfinyl)propanamide;
  • M.29.18c N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methylsulfanyl]-N- ethyl-propanamide; M.29.18d) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[(2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methylsulfinyl]-N-ethyl-propanamide; or the compound
  • the M.4 neonicotinoid cycloxaprid is known from WO2010/069266 and WO201 1/069456, the neonicotinoid M.4A.2, sometimes also to be named as guadipyr, is known from
  • WO2013/003977 and the neonicotinoid M.4A.3 (approved as paichongding in China) is known from WO2007/101369.
  • the metaflumizone analogue M.22B.1 is described in CN10171577 and the analogue M.22B.2 in CN102126994.
  • the phthalamides M.28.1 and M.28.2 are both known from WO2007/101540.
  • the anthranilamide M.28.3 is described in WO2005/077934.
  • the hydra- zide compound M.28.4 is described in WO2007/043677.
  • the anthranilamides M.28.5a) to M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) are described in WO 2007/006670, WO2013/024009 and
  • WO2013/024010 the anthranilamide ⁇ .28.5 ⁇ ) is described in WO201 1/085575, M.28.5j) in WO2008/134969, M.28.5k) in US201 1/046186 and M.28.5I) in WO2012/034403.
  • the diamide compound M.28.6 can be found in WO2012/034472.
  • the spiroketal-substituted cyclic ketoenol derivative M.29.3 is known from WO2006/089633 and the biphenyl-substituted spirocyclic ke- toenol derivative M.29.4 from WO2008/06791 1.
  • the triazoylphenylsulfide M.29.5 is described in WO2006/043635, and biological control agents on the basis of bacillus firmus are described in WO2009/124707.
  • the compounds M.29.6a) to ⁇ .29.6 ⁇ ) listed under M.29.6 are described in WO2012/029672, and M.29.6j) and M.29.6k) in WO2013/129688.
  • the nematicide M.29.8 is known from WO2013/055584.
  • the isoxazoline M.29.9.a) is described in WO2013/050317.
  • the isoxazoline M.29.9.b) is described in WO2014/126208.
  • the pyridalyl-type analogue M.29.10 is known from WO2010/060379.
  • the carboxamides broflanilide and M.29.1 1.b) to M.29.1 1 .h) are described in WO2010/018714, and the carboxamides M.29.1 1 i) to M.29.1 1.p) in
  • WO2010/006713, M.29.12.d) and M.29.12.e) are known from WO2012/000896, and M.29.12. ⁇ ) to M.29.12.m) from WO2010/129497.
  • the compounds M.29.14a) and M.29.14b) are known from WO2007/101369.
  • the pyrazoles M.29.16.a) to M.29.16h) are described in
  • WO2010/034737, WO2012/084670, and WO2012/143317, respectively, and the pyrazoles ⁇ .29.16 ⁇ ) and M.29.16j) are described in US 61/891437.
  • the pyridinylindazoles M.29.17a) to M.29.17J) are described in WO2015/038503.
  • the pyridylpyrazoles M.29.18a) to M.29.18d) are described in US2014/0213448.
  • the isoxazoline M.29.19 is described in WO2014/036056.
  • the isoxazoline M.29.20 is known from WO2014/090918.
  • compound II selected from group M.2 (GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists) as defined above is preferred, in particularfrom group M.2B (fiproles). Especially preferred are ethiprole and fipronil.
  • compound II selected from group M.3 sodium channel modulators as defined above is preferred, in particular from group M.3A (pyrethroids).
  • group M.3A pyrethroids.
  • alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin and cyhalo- thrin are especially preferred.
  • compound II selected from group M.4A (Neonicotinoids) as defined above is preferred, in particular clothianidin, di- notefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, or thiamethoxam.
  • the compound II select- ed from group M.5 (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators) as defined above is preferred, in particular spinosad or spinetoram.
  • compound II selected from group M.6 Chloride channel activators as defined above is preferred, in particular aver- mectin.
  • compound II selected from group M.9 Selective homopteran feeding blockers as defined above is preferred, in par- ticular pymetrozine or flonicamid.
  • compound II selected from group M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient
  • chlorfenapyr is preferred, in particular chlorfenapyr.
  • chlorfenapyr as compound II are especially preferred.
  • compound II selected from group M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 ) as defined above is preferred, in particular buprofezin.
  • compound II selected from group M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers as defined above is preferred, in particular metaflumizone.
  • the compound II select- ed from group M.23 (Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase) as defined above is preferred, in particular a Tetronic or Tetramic acid derivative, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat. Mixtures with Tetronic Acid as compound II are preferred.
  • compound II selected from group M.28 (Ryanodine receptor-modulators) as defined above is preferred, in particular chloranthraniliprole, cyananthraniliprole, N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4- sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3- chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-2
  • compound II selected from group M.29 as defined above is preferred, in particular selected from the group conisisting of sulfoxaflor, broflanilide and a carboxamide of subgroup M.29.1 1 , such as M.29.1 1 .b) 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-[2-bromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1 -
  • the afidopyropen may also be applied together with a fungicide selected from the following group F consisting of:
  • Inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site e. g. strobilurins: azoxystrobin (A.1 .1 ), coumethoxy- strobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin (A.1 .3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1 .5), fenamin- strobin (A.1 .6), fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin (A.1 .7), fluoxastrobin (A.1 .8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.1 1 ), orysastrobin (A.1.12), picoxy.strobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1 .14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), tri- floxystrobin (A.1 .17),
  • inhibitors of complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil (A.3.1 ), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), isofetamid (A.3.1 1 ), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.14), penthiopyrad (A.3.15), sedaxane (A.3.16), tecloftalam (A3.17), thifluzamide (A3.18), N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-
  • C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1 ), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1 .4), difenoconazole (B.1 .5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole-M (B.1 .7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1 .9), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1 .1 1 ), flutriafol (B.1 .12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1 .17), myclobutanil (B.1 .18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19),
  • Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase fenhexamid (B.3.1 );
  • benalaxyl (C.1.1 ), benalaxyl-M (C.1 .2), kiral- axyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam, C.1 .5), ofurace (C.1 .6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);
  • tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl (D1 .1 ), carbendazim (D1 .2), fuberidazole (D1.3), thiabendazole (D1 .4), thiophanate-methyl (D1.5); triazolopyrim- idines: 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]tri- azolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine (D1 .6);
  • diethofencarb (D2.1 ), ethaboxam (D2.2), pencycuron (D2.3), fluopicolide (D2.4), zoxamide (D2.5), metrafenone (D2.6), pyriofenone (D2.7);
  • - methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil (E.1 .1 ), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1 .3);
  • blasticidin-S (E.2.1 ), kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hy- drochloride-hydrate (E.2.3), mildiomycin (E.2.4), streptomycin (E.2.5), oxytetracyclin (E.2.6), polyoxine (E.2.7), validamycin A (E.2.8);
  • MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid (F.1 .1 ), iprodione (F.1 .2), procymidone (F.1 .3), vinclozolin (F.1 .4), fenpiclonil (F.1 .5), fludioxonil (F.1.6);
  • G protein inhibitors quinoxyfen (F.2.1 );
  • edifenphos (G.1.1 ), iprobenfos (G.1 .2), pyrazophos (G.1.3), isoprothiolane (G.1 .4);
  • lipid peroxidation dicloran (G.2.1 ), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), etridiazole (G.2.7);
  • phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition dimethomorph (G.3.1 ), flumorph (G.3.2), mandipropamid (G.3.3), pyrimorph (G.3.4), benthiavalicarb (G.3.5), iprovalicarb (G.3.6), valifenalate (G.3.7) and N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4- fluorophenyl) ester (G.3.8);
  • thio- and dithiocarbamates ferbam (H.2.1 ), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9);
  • organochlorine compounds e. g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles: anilazine (H.3.1 ), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captafol (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), folpet (H.3.5), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophen (H.3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenole (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.1 1 ), N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (H.3.12);
  • organochlorine compounds e. g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles
  • guanidines and others guanidine (H.4.1 ), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3), guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), dithianon (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-1 H,5H- [1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10);
  • inhibitors of glucan synthesis validamycin (1.1.1 ), polyoxin B (1.1 .2); melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (1.2.1 ), tricyclazole (1.2.2), carpropamid (1.2.3), di- cyclomet (I.2.4), fenoxanil (I.2.5);
  • acibenzolar-S-methyl J.1.1
  • probenazole J.1 .2
  • isotianil J.1 .3
  • tiadinil J.1 .4
  • prohexa- dione-calcium J.1.5
  • phosphonates fosetyl (J.1 .6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1 .9);
  • bronopol K.1.1
  • chinomethionat K.1.2
  • cyflufenamid K.1 .3
  • cymoxanil K.1.4
  • dazomet K.1.5
  • debacarb K.1.6
  • diclomezine K.1 .7
  • difenzoquat K.1 .8
  • difenzoquat-methylsulfate K.1.9
  • diphenylamin K.1 .10
  • fenpyrazamine K.1.1 1
  • flumetover K.1.12
  • flusulfamide K.1.13
  • flutianil K.1.14)
  • methasulfocarb K.1 .15
  • nitrapyrin K.1 .16
  • nitrothal-isopropyl K.1.18
  • oxathiapiprolin K.1 .19
  • tolprocarb K.1 .20
  • oxin-copper K.1 .21
  • fungicides described by common names, their preparation and their activity e.g. against harmful fungi is known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are com- briefly available.
  • fungicides described by lUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their pesticidal activity is also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031 ; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941 ; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501 ; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583;
  • mixtures of fungicidal compounds with afidopyropen are preferred:
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from the strobilurines, particularly selected from the strobilurines
  • azoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb and trifloxystrobin.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from the carboxamides, particularly selected from bixafen, boscalid, fluopy- ram, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, metalaxyl and ofurace.
  • a fungicide selected from the carboxamides, particularly selected from bixafen, boscalid, fluopy- ram, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, metalaxyl and ofurace.
  • fluxapyroxad is also preferred.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, fluopicolid (picobenzamid) or zoxamide.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from carpropamid or mandipropamid.
  • mixtures comprising a afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from the group of azoles, particularly selected from the azoles cyprocona- zole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, ipcona- zole, imazalil, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadi- mefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, ethaboxam and 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)pentan-2-o
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and fluazinam.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim or pyrimethanil.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and triforine.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and a fungicidal compound II se- lected from the group of morpholines, in particular of dodemorph, fenpropimorph or tridemorph
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and silthiofam.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from iprodione or vinclozolin.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole or proquinazid Preference is also given to mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen or ametoc- tradin.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from mancozeb, metiram, propineb or thiram.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb or propamocarb Preference is also given to mixtures comprising afidopyropen and dithianon.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from chlorthalonil and dichlofluanid.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate and sulfur Preference is also given to mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from cymoxanil, metrafenone and spiroxamine.
  • mixtures comprising afidopyropen and as fungicidal compound II a fungicide selected from thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim and thiabendazol.
  • afidopyropen alone or in mixtures (as defined herein above) in methods of applications on cultivated plants may display an unexpected improved efficacy up tosynergis- tic effects between the trait of the cultivated plant and the applied afidopyropen and its mixtures.
  • the mixtures comprise as an additional component which is the compound, against which the cultivated plant is resistant.
  • the ratios by weight for the respective mixtures comprising the insecticidal compound I and compound II are from 1 :500 to 500:1 , preferably from 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably from 1 :25 to 25:1.
  • the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one compound of the present invention or a mixture thereof.
  • An agrochemical composition comprises a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a mixture thereof.
  • the term "pesticidally effective amount” is defined below.
  • the compounds of the present invention or the mixtures thereof can be converted into customary types of agro-chemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g.
  • compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grube- mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
  • auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protec- tive colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifi- ers and binders.
  • suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protec- tive colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifi- ers and binders.
  • Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil frac- tions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclo ⁇ hexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g.
  • mineral oil frac- tions of medium to high boiling point e.g. kerosene, diesel oil
  • oils of vegetable or animal origin oils of vegetable or animal origin
  • aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthal
  • lactates carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharide powders, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
  • polysaccharide powders e.g. cellulose, starch
  • Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & De- tergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfonates are alkylaryl- sulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkyhnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
  • sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
  • phosphates are phosphate esters.
  • Exam- pies of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol eth- oxylates.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
  • alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
  • Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
  • N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides.
  • esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
  • sugar- based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or al- kylpolyglucosides.
  • polymeric surfactants are homo- or copolymers of vinyl pyrroli- done, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
  • Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
  • Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or pol- yethyleneamines.
  • Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compounds of the present invention on the target.
  • examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxi- laries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
  • Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
  • Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazoli- nones and benzisothiazolinones.
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes.
  • examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanofer- rate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
  • Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
  • the agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and most preferably between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active sub-stance.
  • the active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
  • oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and other pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions cormprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
  • pesticides e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners
  • These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
  • the user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage de-vice, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
  • the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
  • 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
  • composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
  • either individual components of the composition according to the invention or partially premixed components may be mixed by the user in a spray tank and further auxiliaries and additives may be added, if appropriate.
  • either individual components of the composition according to the invention or partially premixed components e. g. components comprising compounds of the present invention and/or mixing partners as defined further above, can be applied jointly (e.g. after tank mix) or consecutively.
  • the compounds of the present invention are suitable for use in protecting crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, from attack or infestation by animal pests. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a plant protection method, which comprises contacting crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, to be protected from attack or infestation by animal pests, with a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also suitable for use in combating or controlling animal pests. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method of combating or controlling animal pests, which comprises contacting the animal pests, their habitat, breeding ground, or food supply, or the crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or soil, or the area, material or environment in which the animal pests are growing or may grow, with a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention are effective through both contact and ingestion. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be applied as such or in form of compositions comprising them as defined above. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can be applied together with a mixing partner as defined above or in form of compositions comprising said mixtures as defined above.
  • the components of said mixture can be applied simultaneously, jointly or separately, or in succession, that is immediately one after another and thereby creating the mixture "in situ" on the desired location, e.g. the plant, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.
  • the application can be carried out both before and after the infestation of the crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, or the area, material or environment by the pests.
  • Suitable application methods include inter alia soil treatment, seed treatment, in furrow application, and foliar application.
  • Soil treatment methods include drenching the soil, drip irrigation (drip application onto the soil), dipping roots, tubers or bulbs, or soil injection.
  • Seed treatment techniques include seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, and seed pelleting.
  • furrow applications typically include the steps of making a furrow in cultivated land, seeding the furrow with seeds, applying the pesticidally active compound to the furrow, and closing the furrow.
  • Foliar application refers to the application of the pesticidally active compound to plant foliage, e.g. through spray equipment.
  • pheromones for specific crops and pests are known to a skilled person and publicly available from databases of pheromones and semiochemicals, such as http://www.pherobase.com.
  • the term "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the compounds/compositions directly on the animal pest or plant - typically to the foliage, stem or roots of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the compounds/compositions to the locus, i.e. habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest is growing or may grow, of the animal pest or plant).
  • animal pest includes arthropods, gastropods, and nematodes.
  • Preferred animal pests according to the invention are arthropods, preferably insects and arachnids, in particular insects.
  • Insects, which are of particular relevance for crops, are typically referred to as crop insect pests.
  • crop refers to both, growing and harvested crops.
  • plant includes cereals, e.g. durum and other wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, rice, or maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn); beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g.
  • iceberg lettuce chicory, cabbage, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, garlic, leeks, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or sweet peppers; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rapeseed, sugar cane or oil palm; tobacco; nuts, e.g. walnuts; pistachios; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers (e.g.
  • Preferred plants include potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • plant is to be understood as including wild type plants and plants, which have been modified by either conventional breeding, or mutagenesis or genetic engineering, or by a combination thereof.
  • Plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering, and are of particular commercial importance, include alfalfa, rapeseed (e.g. oilseed rape), bean, carnation, chicory, cotton, eggplant, eucalyptus, flax, lentil, maize, melon, papaya, petunia, plum, poplar, potato, rice, soybean, squash, sugar beet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet pepper, tobacco, tomato, and cereals (e.g. wheat), in particular maize, soybean, cotton, wheat, and rice.
  • rapeseed e.g. oilseed rape
  • bean carnation
  • chicory cotton
  • eggplant eucalyptus
  • flax flax
  • lentil eucalyptus
  • melon melon
  • papaya petunia
  • plum poplar
  • potato rice
  • soybean zucchini
  • sugar beet sugarcane
  • sunflower sweet pepper
  • sweet pepper tobacco, tomato
  • the one or more mutagenized or integrated genes are preferably selected from pat, epsps, crylAb, bar, cry1 Fa2, crylAc, cry34Ab1 , cry35AB1 , cry3A, cryF, cry1 F, mcry3a, cry2Ab2, cry3Bb1 , cry1A.105, dfr, barnase, vip3Aa20, barstar, als, bxn, bp40, asnl , and ppo5.
  • the mutagenesis or integration of the one or more genes is performed in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
  • Such properties include abiotic stress tolerance, altered growth/yield, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, modified product quality, and pollination control.
  • herbicide tolerance e.g. imidazolinone tolerance, glyphosate tolerance, or glufosinate tolerance
  • mutagenesis for example Clearfield® oilseed rape being tolerant to imidazoli- nones, e.g. imazamox.
  • genetic engineering methods have been used to render plants, such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and oil seed rape, tolerant to herbicides, such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).
  • herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).
  • glyphosate and glufosinate some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).
  • herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate
  • RoundupReady® glyphosate
  • LibertyLink® glufosinate
  • insect resistance is of importance, in particular lepidopteran insect resistance and coleopteran insect resistance.
  • Plants may be modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering either in terms of one property (singular traits) or in terms of a combination of properties (stacked traits). Stacked traits, e.g. the combination of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, are of increasing importance.
  • the pesticidal activity of the compounds of the present invention may be enhanced by the insecticidal trait of a modified plant. Furthermore, it has been found that the compounds of the present invention are suitable for preventing insects to become resistant to the insecticidal trait or for combating pests, which already have become resistant to the insecticidal trait of a modified plant. Moreover, the compounds of the present invention are suitable for combating pests, against which the insecticidal trait is not effective, so that a complementary insecticidal activity can advantageously be used.
  • plant propagation material refers to all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e.g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants. Seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil, may also be included. These plant propagation materials may be treated prophylactically with a plant protection compound either at or before planting or transplanting.
  • seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like, and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.
  • pesticidally effective amount means the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism.
  • the pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various compounds/compositions used in the invention.
  • a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
  • the quantity of active ingredient ranges from 0.0001 to 500 g per 100 m 2 , preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m 2 .
  • the rate of application of the active ingredients of this invention may be in the range of 0.0001 g to 4000 g per hectare, e.g. from 1 g to 2 kg per hectare or from 1 g to 750 g per hectare, desirably from 1 g to 100 g per hectare, more desirably from 10 g to 50 g per hectare, e.g., 10 to 20 g per hectare, 20 to 30 g per hec- tare, 30 to 40 g per hectare, or 40 to 50 g per hectare.
  • the compounds of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in the treatment of seeds in order to protect the seeds from insect pests, in particular from soil-living insect pests, and the resulting seedling's roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to a method for the protection of seeds from insects, in particular from soil insects, and of the seedling's roots and shoots from insects, in particular from soil and foliar insects, said method comprising treating the seeds before sowing and/or after pregermina- tion with a compound of the present invention.
  • the protection of the seedling's roots and shoots is preferred. More preferred is the protection of seedling's shoots from piercing and sucking in- sects, chewing insects and nematodes.
  • seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed pelleting, and in-furrow application methods.
  • seed treatment application of the active compound is carried out by spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.
  • the present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing the active compound.
  • coated with and/or containing generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the method of application. When the said propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient.
  • Suitable seed is for example seed of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, ba- nanas, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.
  • the active compound may also be used for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have been modified by mutagenisis or genetic engineering, and which e.g. tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides.
  • modified plants have been described in detail above.
  • Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, suspoemulsions (SE), powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having pregerminated the latter. Preferably, the formulations are applied such that germination is not included.
  • the active substance concentrations in ready-to-use formulations are preferably from 0.01 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 40 % by weight.
  • a FS formulation is used for seed treatment.
  • a FS formulation may comprise 1 -800 g/l of active ingredient, 1 -200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.
  • Especially preferred FS formulations of the compounds of the present invention for seed treatment usually comprise from 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g/l) of the active ingredient, from 0.1 to 20 % by weight (1 to 200 g/l) of at least one surfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5 % by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15 % by weight of a dispersing agent, up to 20 % by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20 % of an anti-freeze agent, from 0 to 15 % by weight, e.g. 1 to 15 % by weight of a pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40 % by weight, e.g.
  • a binder (sticker /adhesion agent), optionally up to 5 % by weight, e.g. from 0.1 to 5 % by weight of a thickener, optionally from 0.1 to 2 % of an anti-foam agent, and optionally a preservative such as a biocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in an amount from 0.01 to 1 % by weight and a filler/vehicle up to 100 % by weight.
  • a binder sticker /adhesion agent
  • a preservative such as a biocide, antioxidant or the like
  • the application rates of the compounds of the invention are generally from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed and in particular from 1 g to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, e.g. from 1 g to 100 g or from 5 g to 100 g per 100 kg of seed.
  • the invention therefore also relates to seed comprising a compound of the present invention, or an agriculturally useful salt thereof, as defined herein.
  • the amount of the compound of the present invention or the agriculturally useful salt thereof will in general vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce the rate can be higher.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be used for improving the health of a plant. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, plant propagation material and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective and non-phytotoxic amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • an effective and non-phytotoxic amount means that the compound is used in a quantity which allows to obtain the desired effect but which does not give rise to any phytotox- ic symptom on the treated plant or on the plant grown from the treated propagule or treated soil.
  • plant and “plant propagation material” are defined above.
  • Plant health is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as yield (for example increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), quality (for example improved con- tent or composition of certain ingredients or shelf life), plant vigour (for example improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect"), tolerance to abiotic (for example drought) and/or biotic stress (for example disease) and production efficiency (for example, harvesting efficiency, processability).
  • yield for example increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients
  • quality for example improved con- tent or composition of certain ingredients or shelf life
  • plant vigour for example improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect")
  • tolerance to abiotic for example drought
  • biotic stress for example disease
  • production efficiency for example, harvesting efficiency, processability
  • the above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other.
  • Each indicator is defined in the art and can be determined by methods known to a skilled person.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of growth with the compound of formula I and its mixtures, wherein the plant is a plant, which express at least one insecticidal toxin, preferably a toxin from Bacillus species, more preferably from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of a cultivated plant, in particular the yield of a cultivated plant, by treating plant propagation material, preferably seeds with compounds of formula I and their mixtures.
  • the present invention also comprises plant propagation material, preferably seed, of a cultivated plant treated with compounds of formula I and their mixtures
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of a cultivated plant, in particular the yield of a cultivated plant by treating the cultivated plant, part(s) of such plant or at its locus of growth with compounds of formula I and their mixtures.
  • cultivar plant(s) includes "modified plant(s)" and "transgenic plant(s)".
  • the term “cultivated plants” refers to "modified plants”. In one embodiment of the invention, the term “cultivated plants” refers to "transgenic plants”. "Modified plants” are those which have been modified by conventional breeding techniques.
  • the term “modification” means in relation to modified plants a change in the genome, epigenome, tran- scriptome or proteome of the modified plant, as compared to the control, wild type, mother or parent plant whereby the modification confers a trait (or more than one trait) or confers the in- crease of a trait (or more than one trait) as listed below.
  • the modification may result in the modified plant to be a different, for example a new plant variety than the parental plant.
  • Transgenic plants are those, which genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances can not readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination, whereby the modification confers a trait (or more than one trait) or confers the increase of a trait (or more than one trait) as listed below as compared to the wild-type plant.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a ge- netically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant, preferably increase a trait as listed below as compared to the wild-type plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), or to post- transcriptional modifications of oligo- or polypeptides e.g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated, phosphorylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
  • modification when referring to a transgenic plant or parts thereof is understood that the activity, expression level or amount of a gene product or the metabolite content is changed, e.g. increased or decreased, in a specific volume relative to a corresponding volume of a control, reference or wild-type plant or plant cell, including the de novo creation of the activity or expression.
  • the activity of a polypeptide is increased or generated by expression or overexpresion of the gene coding for said polypeptide which confers a trait or confers the increase of a trait as listed below as compared to the control plant.
  • expression or “gene expression” means the transcription of a specific gene or specific genes or specific genet- ic construct.
  • the term “expression” or “gene expression” in particular means the transcription of a gene or genes or genetic construct into structural RNA (rRNA, tRNA), regulatory RNA (e.g. miRNA, RNAi, RNAa) or mRNA with or without subsequent translation of the latter into a protein.
  • expression in particular means the transcription of a gene or genes or genetic construct into structural RNA (rRNA, tRNA) or mRNA with or without subsequent translation of the latter into a protein. In yet another embodiment it means the transcription of a gene or genes or genetic construct into mRNA.
  • the process includes transcription of DNA and processing of the resulting mRNA product.
  • increased expression or “overexpression” as used herein means any form of expression that is additional to the original wild-type expression level.
  • polypeptide expression of a polypeptide is understood in one embodiment to mean the level of said protein or polypeptide, preferably in an active form, in a cell or organism.
  • the activity of a polypeptide is decreased by decreased expression of the gene coding for said polypeptide which confers a trait or confers the increase of a trait as listed below as compared to the control plant.
  • Reference herein to "decreased expression” or “reduc- tion or substantial elimination” of expression is taken to mean a decrease in endogenous gene expression and/or polypeptide levels and/or polypeptide activity relative to control plants. It comprises further reducing, repressing, decreasing or deleting of an expression product of a nucleic acid molecule.
  • reduction relate to a corresponding change of a property in an organism, a part of an organism such as a tissue, seed, root, tuber, fruit, leave, flower etc. or in a cell.
  • change of a property it is understood that the activity, expression level or amount of a gene product or the metabolite content is changed in a specific volume or in a specific amount of protein relative to a corresponding volume or amount of protein of a control, reference or wild type.
  • the overall activity in the volume is reduced, decreased or deleted in cases if the reduction, decrease or deletion is related to the reduction, decrease or deletion of an activity of a gene product, independent whether the amount of gene product or the specific activity of the gene product or both is reduced, decreased or deleted or whether the amount, stability or translation efficacy of the nucleic acid sequence or gene encoding for the gene product is reduced, decreased or deleted.
  • reduction include the change of said property in only parts of the subject of the present invention, for example, the modification can be found in compartment of a cell, like an organelle, or in a part of a plant, like tissue, seed, root, leave, tuber, fruit, flower etc. but is not detectable if the overall subject, i.e. complete cell or plant, is tested.
  • the "reduction”, “repression”, “decrease” or “deletion” is found cellular, thus the term “reduction, decrease or deletion of an activity” or “reduction, decrease or deletion of a metabolite content” relates to the cellular reduction, decrease or deletion compared to the wild type cell.
  • the terms “reduction”, “repression”, “decrease” or “deletion” include the change of said property only during different growth phases of the organism used in the inventive process, for example the reduction, repression, decrease or deletion takes place only during the seed growth or during blooming.
  • the terms include a transitional reduction, decrease or deletion for example because the used method, e.g. the antisense, RNAi, snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ta-siRNA, cosuppression molecule, or ribozyme, is not stable integrated in the genome of the organism or the reduction, decrease, repression or deletion is under control of a regulatory or inducible element, e.g. a chemical or otherwise inducible promoter, and has therefore only a transient effect.
  • a regulatory or inducible element e.g. a chemical or otherwise inducible promoter
  • Reducing, repressing, decreasing or deleting of an expression product of a nucleic acid molecule in modified plants is known.
  • Examples are canola i.e. double nill oilseed rape with reduced amounts of erucic acid and sinapins.
  • Such a decrease can also be achieved for example by the use of recombinant DNA technology, such as antisense or regulatory RNA (e.g. miRNA, RNAi, RNAa) or siRNA approaches.
  • antisense or regulatory RNA e.g. miRNA, RNAi, RNAa
  • siRNA approaches e.g. RNAi, snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ta-siRNA, cosuppression molecule, ribozyme, or antisense nucleic acid molecule
  • a nucleic acid molecule conferring the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of a protein or a nucleic acid construct capable to recombine with and silence, inactivate, repress or reduces the activity of an endogenous gene may be used to decrease the activity of a polypeptide in a transgenic plant or parts thereof or a plant cell thereof used in one embodiment of the methods of the invention.
  • transgenic plants with reduced, repressed, decreased or deleted expression product of a nucleic acid molecule are Carica papaya (Papaya plants) with the event name X17-2 of the University of Florida, Prunus domestica (Plum) with the event name C5 of the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, or those listed in rows T9-48 and T9-49 of table 9 below. Also known are plants with increased resistance to nematodes for example by reducing, repressing, decreasing or deleting of an expression product of a nucleic acid molecule, e.g. from the PCT pub- lication WO 2008/095886.
  • the reduction or substantial elimination is in increasing order of preference at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more reduced compared to that of control plants.
  • Reference herein to an "endogenous" gene not only refers to the gene in question as found in a plant in its natural form (i.e., without there being any human intervention), but also refers to that same gene (or a substantially homologous nucleic acid/gene) in an isolated form subsequently (re)introduced into a plant (a transgene).
  • control or “reference” are exchangeable and can be a cell or a part of a plant such as an organelle like a chloroplast or a tissue, in particular a plant, which was not modified or treated according to the herein described process according to the invention. Accordingly, the plant used as control or reference corresponds to the plant as much as possible and is as identical to the subject matter of the invention as possible. Thus, the control or reference is treated identically or as identical as possible, saying that only conditions or properties might be different which do not influence the quality of the tested property other than the treatment of the present invention.
  • control or reference plants are wild-type plants.
  • control or reference plants may refer to plants carrying at least one genetic modification, when the plants employed in the process of the present invention carry at least one genetic modification more than said control or reference plants.
  • control or reference plants may be transgenic but differ from transgenic plants employed in the process of the present invention only by said modification contained in the transgenic plants employed in the process of the present invention.
  • wild type or wild-type plants refers to a plant without said genetic modification. These terms can refer to a cell or a part of a plant such as an organelle like a chloroplast or a tissue, in particular a plant, which lacks said genetic modification but is otherwise as identical as possible to the plants with at least one genetic modification employed in the present invention. In a particular embodiment the "wild-type" plant is not transgenic.
  • the wild type is identically treated according to the herein described process according to the invention.
  • the person skilled in the art will recognize if wild-type plants will not require certain treatments in advance to the process of the present invention, e.g. non-transgenic wild- type plants will not need selection for transgenic plants for example by treatment with a selecting agent such as a herbicide.
  • the control plant may also be a nullizygote of the plant to be assessed.
  • nullizygote refers to a plant that has undergone the same production process as a transgenic, yet has lost the once aquired genetic modification (e.g. due to mendelian segregation) as the corresponding transgenic. If the starting material of said production process is transgenic, then nullizygotes are also transgenic but lack the additional genetic modification introduced by the production pro- cess.
  • the purpose of wild-type and nullizygotes is the same as the one for control and reference or parts thereof. All of these serve as controls in any comparison to provide evidence of the advantageous effect of the present invention.
  • any comparison is carried out under analogous conditions.
  • analogous conditions means that all conditions such as, for example, culture or growing conditions, soil, nutrient, water content of the soil, temperature, humidity or surrounding air or soil, assay condi- tions (such as buffer composition, temperature, substrates, pathogen strain, concentrations and the like) are kept identical between the experiments to be compared.
  • assay condi- tions such as buffer composition, temperature, substrates, pathogen strain, concentrations and the like
  • results can be normalized or standardized based on the control.
  • the "reference”, “control”, or “wild type” is preferably a plant, which was not modified or treated according to the herein described process of the invention and is in any other property as similar to a plant, employed in the process of the present invention of the invention as possible.
  • the reference, control or wild type is in its genome, transcriptome, proteome or metabolome as similar as possible to a plant, employed in the process of the present invention of the present invention.
  • the term “reference-" "control-” or “wild-type-” plant relates to a plant, which is nearly genetically identical to the organelle, cell, tissue or organism, in particular plant, of the present invention or a part thereof preferably 90% or more, e.g.
  • the "reference”, “control”, or “wild type” is a plant, which is genetically identical to the plant, cell, a tissue or organelle used according to the process of the invention except that the responsible or activity conferring nucleic acid molecules or the gene product encoded by them have been amended, manipulated, exchanged or introduced in the organelle, cell, tissue, plant, employed in the process of the present invention.
  • the reference and the subject matter of the invention are compared after standardization and normalization, e.g. to the amount of total RNA, DNA, or protein or activity or expression of reference genes, like housekeeping genes, such as ubiquitin, actin or ribosomal proteins.
  • the genetic modification carried in the organelle, cell, tissue, in particular plant used in the process of the present invention is in one embodiment stable e.g. due to a stable transgenic integration or to a stable mutation in the corresponding endogenous gene or to a modulation of the expression or of the behaviour of a gene, or transient, e.g. due to an transient transformation or temporary addition of a modulator such as an agonist or antagonist or inducible, e.g. after trans- formation with a inducible construct carrying a nucleic acid molecule under control of a inducible promoter and adding the inducer, e.g. tetracycline.
  • a modulator such as an agonist or antagonist or inducible
  • preferred plants from which "modified plants” and/or “transgenic plants” are be selected from the group consisting of cereals, such as maize (corn), wheat, barley sorghum, rice, rye, millet, triticale, oat, pseudocereals (such as buckwheat and quinoa), alfalfa, apples, banana, beet, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola (rapeseed), carrot, cauliflower, cherries, chickpea, Chinese cabbage, Chinese mustard, collard, cotton, cranberries, creeping bent- grass, cucumber, eggplant, flax, grape, grapefruit, kale, kiwi, kohlrabi, melon, mizuna, mustard, papaya, peanut, pears, pepper, persimmons, pigeonpea, pineapple, plum, potato, raspberry, rutabaga, soybean, squash, strawberries, sugar beet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet corn, tobacco, tomato, turnip, walnut, water
  • alfalfa canola (rapeseed), cotton, rice, maize, cer- als (such as wheat, barley, rye, oat), soybean, fruits and vegetables (such as potato, tomato, melon, papaya), pome fruits (such as apple and pear), vine, sugarbeet, sugarcane, rape, citrus fruits (such as citron, lime, orange, pomelo, grapefruit, and mandarin) and stone fruits (such as cherry, apricot and peach), most preferably from cotton, rice, maize, cerals (such as wheat, bar- ley, rye, oat), sorghum, squash, soybean, potato, vine, pome fruits (such as apple), citrus fruits (such as citron and orange), sugarbeet, sugarcane, rape, oilseed rape and tomatoes,, utmost preferably from cotton, rice, maize, wheat, barley, rye, oat, soybean,
  • the cultivated plants to be treated according to the methods of the present invention are considered "row crops".
  • a "row crop” is considered to be a crop that can be planted in rows wide enough to allow it to be tilled or otherwise cultivated by agricultural machinery, machinery tailored for the seasonal activities of row crops. In general, such crops are sown by drilling rather than broadcasting.
  • row crops include among others cotton, maize (corn) or soybeans.
  • the cultivated plants to be treated according to the methods of the present invention are considered "specialty crops".
  • “Specialty crops” are considered in general defined as fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits and horticulture and nursery crops, including floriculture. Specialty crops may range from garlic, ginger and chilies, to tomatoes and apples, to floriculture and organic agronomic crops. In order to illustrate the varity of individual plants and crops which are categorized as speciality crops, following non-limiting examples may be further listed, such as basil, basmati rice, buckwheat, chufa, hops, longan, lychee, mango, pineapple, rosemary, starfruit or tomatillos.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which comprise at least one trait.
  • the term "trait” refers to a property, which is present in the plant either by genetic engineering or by conventional breeding techniques. Each trait has to be assessed in relation to its respective control. Examples of traits are:
  • modified nutrient uptake preferably an increased nutrient use efficiency and/or resistance to conditions of nutrient deficiency
  • cultivadas plants may also comprise combinations of the aforementioned traits, e.g. they may be tolerant to the action of herbicides and express bacertial toxins. Principally, all cultivated plants may also provide combinations of the aforementioned properties, e.g. they may be tolerant to the action of herbicides and express bacertial toxins.
  • Tolerance to herbicides can be obtained by creating insensitivity at the site of action of the herbicide by expression of a target enzyme which is resistant to herbicide; rapid metabolism (conju- gation or degradation) of the herbicide by expression of enzymes which inactivate herbicide; or poor uptake and translocation of the herbicide.
  • Examples are the expression of enzymes which are tolerant to the herbicide in comparison to wild type enzymes, such as the expression of 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is tolerant to glyphosate (see e.g. Heck et.al, Crop Sci.
  • EPSPS 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
  • Gene constructs can be obtained, for example, from micro-organism or plants, which are tolerant to said herbicides, such as the Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS which is resistant to glyphosate; Streptomyces bacteria which are resistance to glufosinate; Arabidopsis, Daucus carota, Pseu- domonoas spp. or Zea grass with chimeric gene sequences coding for HDDP (see e.g. WO 1996/38567, WO 2004/55191 ); Arabidopsis thaliana which is resistant to protox inhibitors (see e.g. US 2002/0073443).
  • said herbicides such as the Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS which is resistant to glyphosate; Streptomyces bacteria which are resistance to glufosinate; Arabidopsis, Daucus carota, Pseu- domonoas spp. or Zea grass with chimeric gene sequences
  • Tolerance to glyphosate can also be achieved by any one of the genes 2mepsps, epsps, gat4601 , goxv247 or mepsps.
  • Tolerance to glufosinate can be achieved by any one of the genes bar, pat or pat(syn).
  • the herbicide tolerant plant can be selected from cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oat; canola, sorghum, soybean, rice, oil seed rape, sugar beet, sugarcane, grapes, lentils, sun- flowers, alfalfa, pome fruits; stone fruits; peanuts; coffee; tea; strawberries; turf; vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits and lettuce, more preferably, the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape in particular canola, tomatoes, potatoes, sugarcane, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oat
  • canola, sorghum soybean
  • rice oil seed rape
  • sugar beet sugarcane
  • grapes lentils
  • sun- flowers alfalfa
  • pome fruits stone fruits
  • stone fruits peanuts
  • coffee coffee
  • the cultivated plant is selected from the group consisting of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Zea mays L. (maize), Glycine max L. (soybean), Triticum aestivum (wheat), and Oryza sativa L. (rice), preferably from the group consisting of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Zea mays L. (maize) and Glycine max L. (soybean).
  • the cultivated plant is Glycine max L. (soybean).
  • Examples of commercial available transgenic plants with tolerance to herbicides are the corn varieties “Roundup Ready Corn”, “Roundup Ready 2" (Monsanto), “Agrisure GT”, “Agrisure GT/CB/LL”, “Agrisure GT/RW”, practiceAgrisure 3000GT” (Syngenta), “YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2" and “YieldGard VT Triple” (Monsanto) with tolerance to glyphosate; the corn varieties “Liberty Link” (Bayer), “Herculex I”, “Herculex RW”, “Herculex Xtra”(Dow, Pioneer), “Agrisure GT/CB/LL” and “Agrisure CB/LL/RW” (Syngenta) with tolerance to glufosinate; the soybean varieties “Roundup Ready Soybean” (Monsanto) and “Optimum GAT” (DuPont, Pioneer) with tolerance to glyphosate; the cotton varieties "Round
  • transgenic plants with herbicide tolerance are commonly known, for instance alfalfa, apple, eucalyptus, flax, grape, lentils, oil seed rape, peas, potato, rice, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomatom turf grass and wheat with tolerance to glyphosate (see e.g. US 5188642, US 4940835, US 5633435, US 5804425, US 5627061 ); beans, soybean, cotton, peas, potato, sunflower, tomato, tobacco, corn, sorghum and sugarcane with tolerance to dicamba (see e.g.
  • Plants which are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting bacterial toxins, comprise for example at least one toxin from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus, in particular plants capable of synthesising one or more insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as del- ta.-endotoxins, e.g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e.g.
  • VIP vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsine inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxy
  • a plant is capable of producing a toxin, lectin or inhibitor if it contains at least one cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding said toxin, lectin, inhibitor or inhibitor producing enzyme, and said nucleic acid sequence is transcribed and translated and if appropriate the resulting protein processed and/or secreted in a constitutive manner or subject to developmental, inducible or tissue-specific regulation.
  • -endotoxins for example CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), for example VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
  • Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701 ).
  • a truncated toxin is a truncated CrylA(b), which is expressed in the Bt1 1 maize from Syngen- ta Seed SAS, as described below.
  • modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
  • non- naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of CrylllA055, a cathepsin-D-recognition sequence is inserted into a CrylllA tox- in (see WO 2003/018810).
  • Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 2003/052073.
  • genes conferring resistance to coleopteran insects include cry34Ab1 , cry35 Ab1 , cry3A, cry3Bb1 , dvsnf7, and mcry3A.
  • genes conferring resistance to lepidopteran insects include cry1A, cry1A.105, crylAb, cry1Ab-Ac, crylAc, cryl C, cryl F, cry1 Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, cry9c, mocryl F, pinll, vip3A(a), and vip3Aa20.
  • Cryl-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A- 0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 1990/13651.
  • the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects.
  • insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera).
  • the plant capable of expression of bacterial toxins is selected from cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oat; canola, cotton, eggplant, lettuce, sorghum, soybean, rice, oil seed rape, sugar beet, sugarcane, grapes, lentils, sunflowers, alfalfa, pome fruits; stone fruits; peanuts; coffee; tea; strawberries; turf; vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits and lettuce, more preferably, the plant is selected from cotton, soybean, maize (corn), rice, tomatoes, potatoes, oilseed rape and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from cotton, soybean, maize, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oat
  • canola cotton, eggplant, lettuce, sorghum, soybean, rice, oil seed rape, sugar beet, sugarcane,
  • the cultivated plant is selected from the group consisting of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Zea mays L (maize), Glycine max L (soybean), Triticum aestivum (wheat), and Oryza sativa L. (rice), preferably from the group consisting of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Zea mays L. (maize) and Glycine max L. (soybean).
  • the cultivated plant is Glycine max L. (soybean).
  • Examples of commercial available transgenic plants capable of expression of bacterial toxins are the corn varieties “YieldGard corn rootworm” (Monsanto), “YieldGard VT” (Monsanto), “Her- culex RW” (Dow, Pioneer), “Herculex Rootworm” (Dow, Pioneer) and “Agrisure CRW” (Syngen- ta) with resistance against corn rootworm; the corn varieties “YieldGard corn borer” (Monsanto), precedeYieldGard VT Pro” (Monsanto), “Agrisure CB/LL” (Syngenta), “Agrisure 3000GT” (Syngenta), "Hercules I", “Hercules II” (Dow, Pioneer), “KnockOut” (Novartis), preferNatureGard” (Mycogen) and consequentStarl_ink” (Aventis) with resistance against corn borer, the corn varieties favorHerculex I" (Dow, Pioneer) and concurrentHerculex
  • transgenic plants with insect resistance are commonly known, such as yellow stemborer resistant rice (see e.g. Molecular Breeding, Volume 18, 2006, Number 1 ), lep- idopteran resistant lettuce (see e.g. US 5349124), resistant soybean (see e.g. US 7432421 ) and rice with resistance against Lepidopterans, such as rice stemborer, rice skipper, rice cutworm, rice caseworm, rice leaffolder and rice armyworm (see e.g. WO 2001021821 ).
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • plants which are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances are selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, tomatoes, potato, banana, papaya, tobacco, grape, plum and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, tomatoes, potato, banana, papaya, oil seed rape, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • Plants which are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action are for example plants expressing the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225) or so-called “antifungal proteins” (AFPs, see e.g. US 6864068).
  • PRPs pathogenesis-related proteins
  • AFPs antifungal proteins
  • a wide range of antifungal proteins with activity against plant pathogenic fungi have been isolated from certain plant species and are common knowledge. Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 93/05153, WO 95/33818, and EP-A-0 353 191.
  • Transgenic plants which are resistant against fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens are produced by intro- ducing plant resistance genes.
  • Numerous resistant genes have been identified, isolated and were used to improve plant resistant, such as the N gene which was introduced into tobacco lines that are susceptible to Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in order to produce TMV-resistant tobacco plants (see e.g. US 5571706), the Prf gene, which was introduced into plants to obtain enhanced pathogen resistance (see e.g. WO 199802545) and the Rps2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, which was used to create resistance to bacterial pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae (see e.g. WO 199528423).
  • TMV Tobacco Mosaic Virus
  • Plants exhibiting systemic acquired resistance response were obtained by introducing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the TIR domain of the N gene (see e.g. US 6630618).
  • Further examples of known resistance genes are the Xa21 gene, which has been introduced into a number of rice cultivars (see e.g. US 5952485, US 5977434, WO 1999/09151 , WO 1996/22375), the Rcg1 gene for colletotrichum resistance (see e.g. US 2006/225152), the prpl gene (see e.g. US 5859332, WO 2008/017706), the ppv-cp gene to introduce resistance against plum pox virus (see e.g.
  • the P1 gene for potato virus Y resistance see e.g. US 5968828
  • the HA5-1 gene see e.g. US5877403 and US6046384
  • the PIP gene to indroduce a broad resistant to viruses such as potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (see e.g. EP 0707069) and genes such as Arabidopsis NI 16, ScaM4 and ScaM5 genes to obtain fungal resistance (see e.g. US 6706952 and EP 1018553).
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glu- canases; the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 1995/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defense (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 2003/000906).
  • ion channel blockers such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels
  • the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glu- canases; the so
  • Antipathogenic substances produced by the plants are able to protect the plants against a varie- ty of pathogens, such as fungi, viruses and bacteria.
  • Useful plants of elevated interest in connection with present invention are cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oat; soybean; maize; rice; alfalfa, cotton, sugar beet, sugarcane, tobacco , potato, banana, oil seed rape; pome fruits; stone fruits; peanuts; coffee; tea; strawberries; turf; vines and vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits, papaya, melon, lenses and lettuce, more preferably selected from soybean, maize (corn), alfalfa, cotton, potato, banana, papaya, rice, tomatoes and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, potato, tomato, oilseed rape, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye
  • Transgenic plants with resistance against fungal pathogens are, for examples, soybeans with resistance against Asian soybean rust (see e.g. WO 2008/017706); plants such as alfalfa, corn, cotton, sugar beet, oileed, rape, tomato, soybean, wheat, potato and tobacco with resistance against Phytophtora infestans (see e.g. US5859332, US 7148397, EP 1334979); corn with resistance against leaf blights, ear rots and stalk rots (such as anthracnose leaf bligh, anthrac- nose stalk rot, diplodia ear rot, Fusarium verticilioides, Gibberella zeae and top dieback, see e.g.
  • plants such as corn, soybean, cereals (in particular wheat, rye, barley, oats, rye, rice), tobacco, sorghum, sugarcane and potatoes with broad fungal resistance (see e.g. US 5689046, US 6706952, EP 1018553 and US 6020129).
  • Transgenic plants with resistance against bacterial pathogens are, for examples, rice with resistance against Xylella fastidiosa (see e.g. US 6232528); plants, such as rice, cotton, soybean, potato, sorghum, corn, wheat, balrey, sugarcane, tomato and pepper, with resistance against bacterial blight (see e.g. WO 2006/42145, US 5952485, US 5977434, WO 1999/09151 , WO 1996/22375); tomato with resistance against Pseudomonas syringae (see e.g. Can. J. Plant Path., 1983, 5: 251 -255).
  • Transgenic plants with resistance against viral pathogens are, for examples, stone fruits, such as plum, almond, apricot, cherry, peach, nectarine, with resistance against plum pox virus (PPV, see e.g. US PP15,154Ps, EP 0626449); potatoes with resistance against potato virus Y (see e.g. US 5968828); plants such as potato, tomato, cucumber and leguminosaes which are re- sistant against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, see e.g. EP 0626449, US 5973135); corn with resistance against maize streak virus (see e.g. US 6040496); papaya with resistance against papaya ring spot virus (PRSV, see e.g.
  • PRSV papaya with resistance against papaya ring spot virus
  • cucurbitaceae such as cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkin, and solanaceae, such as potato, tobacco, tomato, eggplant, paprika and pepper, with resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, see e.g. US 6849780); cucurbitaceae, such as cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumkin, with resistance against watermelon mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (see e.g. US 6015942); potatoes with resistance against potato leafroll virus (PLRV, see e.g. US 5576202); potatoes with a broad resistance to viruses, such as potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (see e.g. EP 0707069).
  • CMV cucumber mosaic virus
  • PLAV zucchini yellow mosaic virus
  • PVX potato virus X
  • PVY potato virus Y
  • PLRV potato leafroll virus
  • deregulated orcommercially available transgenic plants with modified genetic material capable of expression of antipathogenic substances are the following plants: Carica papaya (papaya), Event: 55-1/63-1 ; Georgia University, Carica papaya (Papaya); Event: (X17-2); University of Florida, Cucurbita pepo (Squash); Event: (CZW-3); Asgrow (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. (Canada), Cucurbita pepo (Squash); Event: (ZW20); Upjohn (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. (Canada), Prunus domestica (Plum); Event: (C5); United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Solanum tuberosum L.
  • Transgenic plants with resistance against nematodes and which may be used in the methods of the present invention are, for examples, soybean plants with resistance to soybean cyst nematodes.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,589,622 and 5,824,876 are directed to the identification of plant genes expressed specifically in or adjacent to the feeding site of the plant after attachment by the nematode.
  • transgenic plants with reduced feeding structures for parasitic nematodes e.g. plants resistant to herbicides except of those parts or those cells that are nematode feeding sites and treating such plant with a herbicide to prevent, reduce or limit nematode feeding by damaging or destroying feeding sites (e.g. US 5866777).
  • RNAi to target essential nematode genes has been proposed, for example, in PCT Publication WO 2001/96584, WO 2001/17654, US 2004/0098761 , US 2005/0091713, US
  • Transgenic nematode resistant plants have been disclosed, for example in the PCT publications WO 2008/095886 and WO 2008/095889.
  • Plants wich are resistant to antibiotics, such as kanamycin, neomycin and ampicillin.
  • the natu- rally occurring bacterial nptll gene expresses the enzyme that blocks the effects of the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin.
  • the ampicillin resistance gene ampR also known as blaTEMI
  • the ampicillin resistance gene ampR is derived from the bacterium Salmonella paratyphi and is used as a marker gene in the transformation of micro-organisms and plants. It is responsible for the synthesis of the enzyme beta- lactamase, which neutralises antibiotics in the penicillin group, including ampicillin.
  • Transgenic plants with resistance against antibiotics are, for examples potato, tomato, flax, canola, oilseed rape and corn (see e.g.
  • Plant Cell Reports 20, 2001 , 610-615. Trends in Plant Science, 1 1 , 2006, 317-319. Plant Molecular Biology, 37, 1998, 287-296. Mol Gen Genet., 257, 1998, 606- 13.). Plant Cell Reports, 6, 1987, 333-336. Federal Register (USA), Vol.60, No.1 13, 1995, page 31 139. Federal Register (USA), Vol.67, No.226, 2002, page 70392. Federal Register (USA), Vol.63, No.88, 1998, page 25194. Federal Register (USA), Vol.60, No.141 , 1995, page 37870. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, FD/OFB-095-264-A, October 1999, FD/OFB-099-127-A, October 1999.
  • the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape, potato, sugarcane, alfalfa, tomatoes and cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape, tomato, potato, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • Plants which are tolerant to stress conditions are plants, which show increased tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as drought, high salinity, high light intensities, high UV irradiation, chemical pollution (such as high heavy metal concentration), low or high temperatures, limitied supply of nutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorous) and population stress.
  • abiotic stress conditions such as drought, high salinity, high light intensities, high UV irradiation, chemical pollution (such as high heavy metal concentration), low or high temperatures, limitied supply of nutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorous) and population stress.
  • transgenic plants with resistance to stress conditions are selected from rice, corn, soybean, sugarcane, alfalfa, wheat, tomato, potato, barley, rapeseed, beans, oats, sorghum and cotton with tolerance to drought (see e.g.
  • the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, sugarcane, alfalfa, sugar beet, potato, oilseed rape, tomatoes and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape, tomato, potato, sugarcane, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • Altered maturation properties are for example delayed ripening, delayed softening and early maturity.
  • transgenic plants with modified maturation properties are, selected from tomato, melon, raspberry, strawberry, muskmelon, pepper and papaya with delayed ripening (see e.g. US 5767376, US 7084321 , US 6107548, US 5981831 , WO 1995035387, US
  • the plant is selected from fruits, such as tomato, vine, melon, papaya, banana, pepper, raspberry and strawberry; stone fruits, such as cherry, apricot and peach; pome fruits, such as apple and pear; and citrus fruits, such as citron, lime, orange, pomelo, grapefruit, and mandarin T more preferably from tomato, vine, apple, banana, orange and strawberry, most preferably tomatoes.
  • fruits such as tomato, vine, melon, papaya, banana, pepper, raspberry and strawberry
  • stone fruits such as cherry, apricot and peach
  • pome fruits such as apple and pear
  • citrus fruits such as citron, lime, orange, pomelo, grapefruit, and mandarin T more preferably from tomato, vine, apple, banana, orange and strawberry, most preferably tomatoes.
  • Content modification is synthesis of modified chemical compounds (if compared to the corresponding control plant) or synthesis of enhanced amounts of chemical (if compounds compared to the corresponding control plant) and corresponds to an increased or reduced amount of vitamins, amino acids, proteins and starch, different oils and a reduced amount of nicotine.
  • Further transgenic plants with altered content are, for example, potato and corn with modified amylopectin content (see e.g. US 6784338, US 20070261 136); canola, corn, cotton, grape, catalpa, cattail, rice, soybean, wheat, sunflower, balsam pear and vernonia with a modified oil content (see e.g.
  • the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, sugarcane, potato, tomato, oilseed rape, flax and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably soybean, maize (corn), rice, oilseed rape, potato, tomato, cotton, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • soybean, maize (corn) rice, cotton, sugarcane, potato, tomato, oilseed rape, flax and cereals
  • wheat, barley, rye and oat most preferably soybean, maize (corn), rice, oilseed rape, potato, tomato, cotton, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat.
  • transgenic plants with enhanced nitrogen assimilatory and utilization capacities are selected from for example, canola, corn, wheat, sunflower, rice, tobacco, soybean, cotton, alfalfa, tomato, wheat, potato, sugar beet, sugar cane and rapeseed (see e.g. WO 1995/00991 1 , WO 1997/030163, US 6084153, US 5955651 and US 6864405).
  • Plants with improved phosphorous uptake are, for example, tomato and potato (see e.g. US 7417181 ).
  • the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, sugarcane, alfalfa, potato, oilseed rape and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and oat, most preferably from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape, tomato, potato, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley.
  • Transgenic plants with male steriliy are preferably selected from canola, corn, tomato, rice, Indian mustard, wheat, soybean and sunflower (see e.g. US 6720481 , US 6281348, US 5659124, US 6399856, US 7345222, US 7230168, US 6072102, EP1 135982, WO 2001/092544 and WO 1996/040949).
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • the plant is selected from soybean, maize (corn), rice, cotton, oilseed rape, tomato, potato, vine, apple, pear, citron, orange and cereals such as wheat, barley.
  • Further examples of deregulated or commercially available transgenic plants with modified genetic material being male sterile are
  • Plants, which produce higher quality fiber are e.g. transgenic cotton plants.
  • the such improved quality of the fiber is related to improved micronaire of the fiber, increased strength, improved staple length, improved length unifomity and color of the fibers (see e.g. WO 1996/26639, US 7329802, US 6472588 and WO 2001/17333).
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • cultivated plants may comprise one or more traits, e.g.
  • Examples of commercial available transgenic plants with two combined properties are the corn varieties “YieldGard Roundup Ready” and YieldGard Roundup Ready 2" (Monsanto) with glyphosate tolerance and resistance to corn borer; the corn variety “Agrisure CB/LL” (Syntenta) with glufosinate tolerance and corn borer resistance; the corn variety “Yield Gard VT Root- worm/RR2” with glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; the corn variety “Yield Gard VT Triple” with glyphosate tolerance and resistance against corn rootworm and corn borer; the corn variety "Herculex I” with glufosinate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance (Cry1 F), i.e.
  • Examples of commercial available transgenic plants with three traits are the corn variety "Herculex I / Roundup Ready 2" with glyphosate tolerance, gluphosinate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance (Cry1 F), i.e. against western bean cutworm, corn borer, black cutworm and fall armyworm; the corn variety "YieldGard Plus / Roundup Ready 2" (Monsanto) with glyphosate tolerance, corn rootworm resistance and corn borer resistance; the corn variety “Agrisure GT/CB/LL” (Syngenta) with tolerance to glyphosate tolerance, tolerance to gluphosinate and corn borer resistance; the corn variety "Herculex Xtra” (Dow, Pioneer) with glufosinate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance (Cry1 F + Cry34/35Ab1 ), i.e.
  • the commercial transgenic plant is a soybean variety with glyphosate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance, preferably with one trait of glyphosate tolerance and two traits of lepidopteran resistance.
  • the glyphosate tolerance is through expression of the EPSPS encoding gene from A. tumefaciens strain CP4 (cp4epsps gene), more preferably it is based on the transgenic event MON89788 (see A1 -14, T1 -100).
  • the lepidopteran resistance is a resistance to lepidopteran pests of soybean, preferably through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B.
  • thuringiensis preferably against vel- vetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens (synonym Chrysodeixis includens)), more preferably it is based on the transgenic event MON87701. More preferably, the glyphosate tolerance is based on the transgenic event MON89788 and the trait of lepidopteran resistance is achieved through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B. thuringiensis, preferably against velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), more preferably based on the transgenic event
  • the commercial transgenic plant is "Intacta RR2 PRO" soybean (Monsanto) which claims to offer tolerance to glyphosate herbicide and protection against major soybean pests (velvetbean caterpilar, soybean looper, soybean budborer, bean shoot borer, bollworm, corn stalk borer, Helicoverpa, e.g. Helicoverpa armigera), along with increased yield potential.
  • "Intacta RR2 Pro” is used as a synonym for "IntactaTM Roundup ReadyTM 2 Pro” soybean variety. Therefore, in one embodiment, the invention relates to methods according to the invention wherein the cultivated plant is a soybean variety with glyphosate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance.
  • the invention relates to methods according to the invention, wherein the glyphosate tolerance is through the expression of the cp4epsps gene, or wherein the lepidopteran resistance is through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B. thuringiensis, or wherein both the glyphosate tolerance is through the expression of the cp4epsps gene and the lepidopteran resistance is through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B. thuringiensis.
  • the invention relates to methods according to the invention, wherein the glyphosate tolerance is based on the transgenic event MON89788, or wherein the lepidopteran resistance is based on the transgenic event MON87701 , or wherein both the glyphosate tolerance is based on the transgenic event MON89788 and the lepidopteran resistance is based on the transgenic event MON87701 .
  • the invention relates to methods according to the invention, wherein the lepidopteran resistance is against a species selected from the group of velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens, Chrysodeixis in- cludens ).
  • the invention relates to methods according to the invention, wherein the cultivated plant is "Intacta RR2 PRO" soybean (Monsanto), which claims to offer tolerance to glyphosate herbicide and protection against major soybean pests (velvetbean caterpilar, soybean looper, soybean budborer, bean shoot borer, bollworm, corn stalk borer, Helicoverpa, e.g. Helicoverpa armigera), along with increased yield potential.
  • the invention relates to such methods according to the invention, wherein the pest is selected from the group of stinkbug species (preferably Euschistus heros), Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa.
  • stinkbug species preferably Euschistus heros
  • Spodoptera frugiperda preferably Spodoptera frugiperda
  • Helicoverpa preferably Helicoverpa.
  • the commercial transgenic plant is a soybean variety selected from “Roundup Ready 2 Yield”, “Intacta RR2 Pro” and “Vistive Gold” (all Monsanto), or “Stearidonic Acid (SDA) Omega-3” (higher content of SDA in soybean, Monsanto).
  • the trait is Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 and Vector PV-GMIR13196, for Mon87751 soybean (Monsanto).
  • the commercial transgenic plant is a soybean variety with herbicide tolerance and lepidopteran resistance, wherein the control of Lepidopteran pest is based on Bt CrylAc and Cryl F toxins.
  • the insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant soybean is DAS81419 (see Table A1 , entry A1 -334).
  • the plant has one trait of glyphosate tolerance and two traits of lepidopteran resistance.
  • the glyphosate tolerance is through expression of the EPSPS encoding gene from A. tumefaciens strain CP4, more preferably it is based on the transgenic event
  • the lepidopteran resistance is a resistance to lepidopteran pests of soybean, preferably through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B. thuringiensis, preferably against velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), more preferably it is based on the transgenic event MON87701. More preferably, the glyphosate tolerance is based on the transgenic event MON89788 and the trait of lepidopteran resistance is achieved through expresssion of the CrylAC encoding gene from B. thuringiensis, preferably against velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), more preferably based on the transgenic event
  • Pseudoplusia includens is a synonym for Chrysodeixis includens.
  • the commercial transgenic plant is "Intacta RR2 PRO" soybean (Monsanto) which claims to offer tolerance to glyphosate herbicide and protection against major soybean pests (velvetbean caterpilar, soybean looper, soybean budborer, bean shoot borer, bollworm, corn stalk borer, Helicoverpa, e.g. Helicoverpa armigera), along with increased yield potential.
  • the commercial transgenic plant is a corn variety which has above- ground insect protection from “Genuity VT Triple PRO” or “Herculex Xtra” or both of them, and herbicide tolerance from “Roundup Ready 2" and Liberty Link, preferably corn varieties selected from “Genuity SmartStax", “Genuity VT Triple PRO” and “Genuity VT Double PRO” (all Monsan- to), optionally as RIB (refuge-in-bag) solution.
  • the commercial transgenic corn plant variety has a drought tolerance trait, preferably "Genuity DroughtGard”.
  • the trait is double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb1 protein and vector PV-ZMIR10871 for MON8741 1 corn.
  • the commercial transgenic plant is a cotton variety selected from “Boll- gard II” (insect protection), "Roundup Ready Flex” (herbicide tolerance) and “Bollgard II with Roundup Ready Flex” (both), all Monsanto.
  • the cultivated plant is selected from the group of plants as mentioned in the paragraphs and tables of this disclosure.
  • the plants listed in following tables have a property or a transgenic event as described in one row of the table.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which comprise at least one trait selected from herbicide tolerance, insect resistance for example by expression of one or more bacterial toxins, fungal resistance or viral resistance or bacterial resistance by expression of one or more anti- pathogenic substances, stress tolerance, nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiencyor content modification of chemicals present in the cultivated plant compared to the corresponding control plant.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which comprise at least one trait selected from herbicide tolerance, insect resistance by expression of one or more bacterial toxins, fungal resistance or viral resistance or bacterial resistance by expression of one or more antipathogenic substances, stress tolerance or content modification of one or more chemicals present in the cultivated plant compared to the corresponding control plant.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which are tolerant to the action of herbicides.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which express bacterial toxins, which provides resistance against animal pests (such as insects or arachnids or nematodes), wherein the bacterial toxin is preferably a toxin from Bacillus thuriginensis.
  • the cultivated plants are both, namely plants, which are tolerant to the action of herbicides plants, which express bacterial toxins, which provides resistance against animal pests (such as insects or arachnids or nematodes), and wherein the bacterial toxin is preferably a toxin from Bacillus thuriginensis.
  • the plant is preferably selected from cotton, rice, maize (corn), wheat, barley, rye, oat, soybean, potato, vine, apple, pear, citron and orange.
  • the plant is soybean.
  • the plant is cotton.
  • the plant is maize (or corn).
  • table A provides examples of cultivated plants, especially crops (with their event name and their event code and further identifying details ), in the sense of the present invention.
  • afidopyropen is used alone or in mixtures in methods for the application on the crops listed in table A, wherein each method corresponds to the application on a respective crop of each line of table A.
  • Soybean MON87712 - MON-87712-4 Table A
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which are tolerant to the action of herbicides.
  • the plants may have the tolerance to the action of herbicides in addition to an insecticidal trait. (For methods for plants having combined resistance see further below).
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise a herbicide III, to which the plant is tolerant.
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise glyphosate.
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise glufonisate.
  • the cultivated plant is a cultivated plant tolerant to a imidazolione herbicide
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise at least one imidazolione-herbicide.
  • the imidazolionone-herbicide is selected from imazamox, imazethapyr, imazapic, ima- zapyr, imazamethabenz or imazaquin.
  • the cultivated plant is a cultivated plant tolerant to dicamba
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise dicamba.
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise sethoxidim.
  • afidopyropen and its mixtures may additionally comprise cycloxidim.
  • the present invention also relates to ternary mixtures, comprising afidopyropen, an insecticide II and a herbicide III.
  • the present invention also relates to ternary mixtures comprising two insecticides, wherein one insecticide is afidopyropen, and a fungicide.
  • the present invention also relates to ternary mixtures com- prising two fungicides and one insecticide, wherein the one insecticide is afidopyropen.
  • the present invention also relates to ternary mixtures comprising one insectide, wherein one insecticide is afidopyropen, a fungicide and a herbicide.
  • the cultivated plants are plants, which are given in table A.
  • Sources Ag- Bios database and GMO-compass database (AG BIOS, P.O. Box 475, 106 St. John St. Mer- rickville, Ontario KOG1 NO, Canada, access: http://cera-gmc.org/, also see BioTechniques, Volume 35, No. 3, Sept. 2008, p. 213, and http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/gmo/db/).
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of growth with compound of formula I and its mixtures, wherein the plant is a plant, which is rendered tolerant to herbicides, more preferably to herbicides such as glutamine synthetase inhibitors, 5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate- 3-phosphate-synthase inhibitors, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, auxine type herbicides, most preferably to herbicides such as glypho- sate, glufosinate, imazapyr, imazapic, imazamox, imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz methyl, dicamba and 2,4-D.
  • herbicides such as glutamine synthetase inhibitors, 5-enol
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful pests, especially insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials or their locus of growth with afidopyropen or mixtures of afidopyropene with another pesticidal active ingredient, preferably an insecticide or/and a fungicide, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1 .
  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of growth with the compound of formula I, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A1.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds, with afidopyropen or mixtures of afidopyropene comprising another pesticidal active ingredient, preferably another insecticide and/or fungicide, wherein the plant corresponds to row of table A.1 .
  • the afidopyropen is preferably applied in combination with abamectin, dinote- furan, ethiprole und fipronil.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with afidopyropen, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with abamectin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1 .
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with dinotefuran, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1 .
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with ethiprole, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1 .
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with fipronil, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1 .
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with chlorfenapyr, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with a mixture of afidopyropen with a-cypermethrin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.1.
  • CropScience (Aventis)
  • HCN28 Argentine canola
  • CropScience CropScience
  • Glyphosate GHB614 Gossypium hirsu- available, Bayer Crop- tolerance tum L (cotton) Science USA LP
  • A1 -27 Glufosinate T14, T25 Zea mays L. corn, Bayer CropScience tolerance (ACS- maize) (Aventis
  • CropScience (Aventis erance CropScience(AgrEvo))
  • ammonium tolA2704-21 (soybean) CropScience (Aventis erance A5547-35 CropScience(AgrEvo))
  • ammonium tol127 CropScience (Aventis erance CropScience(AgrEvo))
  • the set of methods decribed above for table A.1 concerning afidopyropen and its individualized mixtures are also to be applied, when the plant corresponds to a row of table 1.
  • T1 -2 imidazolinone tolerance maize A * , B *
  • A* refers to US 4761373, US 5304732, US 5331 107, US 5718079, US 621 1438, US 621 1439 and US 6222100.
  • B * refers to Tan et. al, Pest Manag. Sci 61 , 246-257 (2005).
  • C * refers to imidazolinone-herbicide resistant rice plants with specific mutation of the acetohy- droxyacid synthase gene: S653N ( see e.g. US 2003/0217381 ), S654K ( see e.g. US
  • A122T see e.g. WO 2004/106529
  • D * refers to WO 2004/106529, WO 2004/16073, WO 2003/14357, WO 2003/13225 and WO 2003/14356.
  • E * refers to US 5188642, US 4940835, US 5633435, US 5804425 and US 5627061 .
  • F * refers to US 5646024 and US 5561236.
  • G * refers to US 6333449, US 69331 1 1 and US 6468747.
  • H * refers to US 6153401 , US 6100446, WO 2005/107437, US 5670454 and US 5608147.
  • I * refers to WO 2004/055191 , WO 199638567 and US 6791014.
  • K * refers to HPPD inhibitor herbicides, such as isoxazoles (e.g. isoxaflutole), diketonitriles, trikeones (e.g. sulcotrione and mesotrione), pyrazolinates.
  • L * refers to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibiting herbicides.
  • M * refers to US 2002/0073443, US 20080052798, Pest Management Science, 61 , 2005, 277- 285.
  • N * refers to the herbicide tolerant soybean plants presented under the name of Cultivance on the XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Sementes, 31 st Augusta to 3 rd September 2009 at Estagao Embratel Convention Center - Curitiba/PR, Brazil
  • a * refers to US 4761373, US 5304732, US 5331 107, US 5718079, US 621 1438, US 621 1439 and US 6222100.
  • C * refers to imidazolinone-herbicide resistant rice plants with specific mutation of the acetohy- droxyacid synthase gene: S653N ( see e.g. US 2003/0217381 ), S654K ( see e.g. US
  • A122T see e.g. WO 04/106529
  • D * refers to WO 04/106529, WO 04/16073, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225 and WO 03/14356.
  • E * refers to US 5188642, US 4940835, US 5633435, US 5804425 and US 5627061 .
  • F * refers to US 5646024 and US 5561236.
  • G * refers to US 6333449, US 69331 1 1 and US 6468747.
  • H * refers to US 6153401 , US 6100446, WO 2005/107437 and US 5608147.
  • N * refers to the herbicide tolerant soybean plants presented under the name of Cultivance on the XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Sementes, 31 st Augusta to 3 rd September 2009 at Estagao Embratel Convention Center - Curitiba/PR, Brazil
  • the present invention relates to methods described above referring to afidopyropene and its individualized mixtures for the plants listed in table 2, when the plant is selected from T2-3, T2-8, T2-9, T2-10, T2-1 1 , T2-13, T2-15, T2-16, T2-17, T2-18, T2-19 and T2-23.
  • the cultivated plant has an arthropodicidal, preferably insecticidal, trait, it often occurs that the pest that should be combatted becomes resistant to that trait.
  • Resistance may be defined as 'a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species'.
  • IRAC Iron Resistance therefore means that the original activitiy of a pesticide against the target organisms (arthropods, insects) decreases or is even lost, due to genetic or metabolic adaptation of the target organism.
  • Resistant to an insecticide is understood to mean resistant to at least one insecticide or insecticidal trait, i.e. the insect may be resistant to only one, but also to several insecticides or insecticidal traits.
  • the resistance is against an insecticidal effect which is due to a genetic modification of a plant (modified or trans- genie plant), which caused a resistance of the plant or crop to certain pests, especially insect pests, in susceptible insects.
  • insecticidal proteins especially those mentioned herein, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp.
  • endotoxins e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c
  • VIP vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with afidopyropene or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant has at least one insecticidal trait, and wherein the harmful insects are resistant to that at least one insecticidal trait of the plant.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with afidopyropene or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant has at least one lepidopter- an or coleopteran trait, and wherein the harmful insects are resistant to that lepidopteran or col- eopteran insecticidal trait of the plant.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or their locus of growth with afidopyropene or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant having the insecticidal trait corresponds to a row of table A2 or Table 3 (or further below also in table A14), and wherein the harmful insects are resistant to an insecticidal trait of the plant.
  • afidopyropene or the mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another pesticidal active ingredient may optionally be mixed with further pesticides.
  • Methods and uses of the invention as described herein may also involve a step of assessing whether insects are resistant to certain insecticides.
  • This step will in general involve collecting a sample of insects from the area (e.g. crop, field, habitat) to be treated, before actually applying a afidopyropene or or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, and testing (for example using any suitable phenotypic, biochemical or molecular biological technique applicable) for resistance/sensitivity.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of growth with afidopyropen or mixtures of afidopyropene, wherein the mixtures comprise preferably afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant is a plant, which express at least one insecticidal toxin, preferably a toxin from Bacillus species, more preferably from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating plant propagation materials, prefera- bly seeds, with afidopyropen or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the afidopyropen is preferably applied in combination with abamectin, dinote- furan, ethiprole und fipronil.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or at their locus of growth with afidopyropen, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or at their locus of growth with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and abamectin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and dinotefuran, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and fipronil, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and ethiprole, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and chlorfenapyr, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and a-cypermethrin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table A.2.
  • A2-1 Lepidoptera re281 -24-236 Gossypium hirsu- available, DOW Agro- sistance (DAS- tum L (cotton) Sciences LLC
  • beetle resistance 101 berosum L. (potaCompany
  • the set of methods decribed above for table A.2 concerning afidopyropen and its individualized mixtures are also to be applied, when the plant corresponds to a row of table 3.
  • a * refers to contestZhuxian B", WO2001021821 , Molecular Breeding, Volume 18, Number 1 / August 2006.
  • the present invention relates to methods described above referring to afidopyropene and its individualized mixtures for the plants listed in table 3, when the plant is selected from T3-1 , T3-2, T3-5, T3-6, T3-7, T3-8, T3-9, T3-10, T3-1 1 , T3-12, T3-13, T3-14, T3-15, T3-16, T3-17, T3-18, T3-19, T3-20, T3-23 and T3-25.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials or their locus of growth with afidopyropen or mixtures of afidopyropene with another pesticidal active ingredient wherein the plant is a plant, which shows increased resistance against fungal, viral and bacterial diseases, more preferably a plant, which expresses antipathogenic substances, such as antifungal proteins, or which has systemic acquired resistance properties.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating plant propagation materials, prefera- bly seeds with afidopyropen or mixtures comprising afidopyropen and another insecticide, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the afidopyropen is preferably applied in combination with abamectin, dinote- furan, ethiprole und fipronil.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of cultivated plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or at their locus of growth with afidopyropen, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating cultivated plants, parts of such plants or at their locus of growth with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and abamectin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and dinotefuran, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and fipronil, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and ethiprole, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and chlorfenapyr, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling harmful insects and/or increasing the health of plants by treating plant propagation materials, preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and a-cypermethrin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.
  • plant propagation materials preferably seeds of cultivated plants of cultivated crops with a mixture comprising afidopyropen and a-cypermethrin, wherein the plant corresponds to a row of table 4.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés agricoles de lutte contre des organismes nuisibles et/ou d'amélioration de la santé de plantes cultivées présentant au moins une modification, lesdits procédés consistant à traiter de telles plantes cultivées, des parties desdites plantes, des matériaux de multiplication de plantes ou leur site de culture à l'aide d'afidopyropène ou de compositions contenant de l'afidopyropène ou de mélanges d'afidopyropène et d'un autre ingrédient à activité pesticide.
PCT/EP2015/070554 2014-09-10 2015-09-09 Utilisation d'afidopyropène dans des plantes génétiquement modifiées WO2016038067A1 (fr)

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CN105941437A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-09-21 江苏省绿盾植保农药实验有限公司 一种含有双丙环虫酯和氟虫腈的复合杀虫剂及其应用
CN106577700A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-04-26 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种防治烟粉虱的农药组合物
CN106719777A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 佛山市普尔玛农化有限公司 含有双丙环虫酯和戊吡虫胍的杀虫剂组合物
WO2018015843A1 (fr) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Basf Se Mélanges à action pesticide comprenant de l'afidopyropène
WO2018055478A1 (fr) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 Basf Se Procédé de lutte contre les insectes résistants aux insecticides
CN108795975A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-13 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 野生大豆相关蛋白在提高植物抗虫性中的应用
WO2019145221A1 (fr) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 BASF Agro B.V. Nouvelles formulations agrochimiques
CN110637823A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-01-03 上海明德立达生物科技有限公司 一种农药组合物及其应用
CN111134113A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-12 江苏钟山化工有限公司 一种乙虫腈·双丙环虫酯油悬浮剂及其制备方法和应用
WO2020207026A1 (fr) * 2019-04-12 2020-10-15 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 Souche de bacillus thuringiensis, novonest4, et son utilisation
CN113287625A (zh) * 2021-06-02 2021-08-24 河北威远生物化工有限公司 一种增效杀虫组合物
CN115956570A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2023-04-14 江苏龙灯化学有限公司 一种杀虫组合物
WO2023093847A1 (fr) * 2021-11-26 2023-06-01 中国农业科学院生物技术研究所 Maïs transgénique résistant aux insectes et résistant aux herbicides et son procédé de culture

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105941437A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-09-21 江苏省绿盾植保农药实验有限公司 一种含有双丙环虫酯和氟虫腈的复合杀虫剂及其应用
WO2018015843A1 (fr) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Basf Se Mélanges à action pesticide comprenant de l'afidopyropène
WO2018055478A1 (fr) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 Basf Se Procédé de lutte contre les insectes résistants aux insecticides
CN106719777A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 佛山市普尔玛农化有限公司 含有双丙环虫酯和戊吡虫胍的杀虫剂组合物
CN106577700A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-04-26 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种防治烟粉虱的农药组合物
WO2019145221A1 (fr) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 BASF Agro B.V. Nouvelles formulations agrochimiques
CN108795975A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-13 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 野生大豆相关蛋白在提高植物抗虫性中的应用
WO2020207026A1 (fr) * 2019-04-12 2020-10-15 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 Souche de bacillus thuringiensis, novonest4, et son utilisation
US11503833B2 (en) 2019-04-12 2022-11-22 Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center Bacillus thuringiensis NOVONEST4 and applications thereof
CN115956570A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2023-04-14 江苏龙灯化学有限公司 一种杀虫组合物
CN110637823A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-01-03 上海明德立达生物科技有限公司 一种农药组合物及其应用
CN111134113A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-12 江苏钟山化工有限公司 一种乙虫腈·双丙环虫酯油悬浮剂及其制备方法和应用
CN113287625A (zh) * 2021-06-02 2021-08-24 河北威远生物化工有限公司 一种增效杀虫组合物
WO2023093847A1 (fr) * 2021-11-26 2023-06-01 中国农业科学院生物技术研究所 Maïs transgénique résistant aux insectes et résistant aux herbicides et son procédé de culture

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