WO2016019826A1 - 基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法 - Google Patents

基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法 Download PDF

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WO2016019826A1
WO2016019826A1 PCT/CN2015/085654 CN2015085654W WO2016019826A1 WO 2016019826 A1 WO2016019826 A1 WO 2016019826A1 CN 2015085654 W CN2015085654 W CN 2015085654W WO 2016019826 A1 WO2016019826 A1 WO 2016019826A1
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water injection
hole
coal
freezing
cutting
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French (fr)
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翟成
林柏泉
余旭
彭深
向贤伟
徐吉钊
倪冠华
李全贵
杨威
许彦明
汤宗情
武世亮
仲超
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C45/00—Methods of hydraulic mining; Hydraulic monitors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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  • the invention relates to a method for extracting gas, in particular to a method for uncovering coal based on hydraulic slits suitable for high gas and low permeability coal seam gas outburst.
  • Coal and gas outburst are one of the major disasters that threaten the safe production of coal mines. Especially when Shimen exposes coal seams, the outstanding strength is the most dangerous. The stress state of coal and rock in front of the uncovering coal face is prone to sudden changes, and the elastic potential of rock and coal seam and the large release of gas energy are high-intensity. The average strength of Shimen uncovering coal is more than 6 times that of other types of roadway. More than 80% of the extra-large protrusions occur in the process of uncovering coal in Shimen.
  • the high gas outburst coal seam stone door uncovering method is mainly implemented from two aspects of pressure relief and reinforcement.
  • the coal seam pressure relief and anti-reflection there are mainly hydraulic punching, loose blasting and hydraulic slitting.
  • Metal skeleton and grouting reinforcement measures are mainly implemented from two aspects of pressure relief and reinforcement.
  • Hydraulic cutting and other measures can effectively remove the ground stress and gas pressure, but at the same time destroy the integrity of the coal body.
  • Coal body strength is reduced in the coal area; grouting reinforcement can effectively improve the strength of the coal body, but the cement mortar can only penetrate and diffuse in the crack.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a frozen stone door uncovering method based on hydraulic slits with simple method, high safety and good coal-removing effect in view of the problems existing in the prior art.
  • the method for uncovering coal based on hydraulic slitting of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • a plurality of water injection holes are intermittently constructed in the direction of the coal seam through the protective rock pillar;
  • d Construct a freezing hole on each side of each water injection hole.
  • the distance between the freezing hole and the hole of the water injection hole is 0.2 to 0.5 m, the final hole distance is 5 to 10 m, and then a temperature measuring hole is respectively constructed between the two freezing holes and the water injection hole;
  • the temperature sensor is sent into the temperature measuring hole, and the temperature measuring hole is sealed by grouting and sealing, and the freezing tube is sent into the freezing hole, and the feeding depth is not less than 80% of the depth of the freezing hole;
  • the temperature sensor located in the temperature measuring hole transmits the temperature signal in the coal layer to the digital data line respectively.
  • the temperature display device monitors the temperature of the coal seam in the temperature measuring hole in real time through a digital temperature display device. When the temperature of the coal seam in all the temperature measuring holes reaches -3 ° C, it is judged that the coal seam in the uncovering coal area has frozen;
  • the present invention utilizes a hydraulic slitting technique to cut a coal body around a borehole by a high-pressure water jet generated by a high-pressure pumping station, depressurizes the target coal seam, and increases the uncovering coal area.
  • the gas permeability of the coal body forms a complex fracture network in the coal body, increases the gas flow channel in the coal seam, improves the gas drainage effect, and simultaneously utilizes the phase transformation effect of water, combined with the coal seam water injection and freezing technology, and uncovers the coal through the phase transformation of water.
  • the area is frozen to further eliminate the outstanding dangers in the process of uncovering coal in Shimen.
  • the high-pressure water jet formed by the hydraulic slitting technology cuts the coal around the borehole to form a flat slot with a certain thickness and height, which increases the flow passage of gas in the coal seam, changes the mechanical properties of the coal body, and improves the high gas.
  • the gas permeability of the coal seam improves the gas flow state in the coal seam; the influence radius of the borehole gas drainage is 10 ⁇ 40m.
  • the effective radius of the single hole effective extraction is increased by 5-20 times, gas drainage
  • the number of drilled holes is reduced by 20% to 60%, which can effectively reduce the gas content of coal seams and reduce the outstanding danger of coal mining.
  • the combination of coal seam water injection technology and freezing technology can realize the freezing of coal around the coal uncovering area, improve the strength and impact resistance of the target coal body, and further reduce the prominent danger of the Shimen coal uncovering area.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a frozen stone door uncovering coal according to the hydraulic slitting technology of the uncovering coal working face of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the freezing unit of the A-A uncovering coal working face of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the water injection hole connection water injection system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a temperature measuring hole connection temperature measuring system of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the freeze hole connection freezing system of the present invention.
  • the method for freezing the stone door based on hydraulic slit according to the present invention has the following specific steps:
  • the water injection hole 4 is inserted through the protective rock pillar 4 to the coal seam 1 to construct a plurality of water injection holes 5, completely penetrating the target coal seam 1 , aperture 75 ⁇ 130mm;
  • the phase change cracking is sequentially performed in the group of the target coal seam 1 in the Shimen roadway, and a freezing hole 7 is respectively constructed on both sides of each water injection hole 5, and the distance between the freezing hole 7 and the hole of the water injection hole 5 is 0.2. ⁇ 0.5m, the final hole distance is 5 ⁇ 10m, and then a temperature measuring hole 6 is respectively constructed between the two freezing holes 7 and the water injection hole 5;
  • the temperature sensor 16 is fed into the temperature measuring hole 6, and the temperature measuring hole 6 is grouted and sealed.
  • the length of the sealing hole 15 is not less than 5 m, and the freezing tube 17 is sent into the freezing hole 7, and the feeding depth is Not less than 80% of the depth of the freezing hole 7;
  • the high-pressure water injection pipe 9 is connected to the extraction pipe 11 in the water injection hole 5, and the high-pressure water injection pump 8 is used to inject high-pressure water into the water injection hole 5 through the high-pressure water injection pipe 9, and the water injection pressure is 3-15 MPa, and the water injection hole is to be injected. 5 when the surrounding coal wall appears water seepage phenomenon, or the water injection pressure suddenly decreases, or the continuous water injection pressure does not change significantly, stop the water injection, and close the shut-off valve 10 of the water injection hole 5 orifice;
  • the freezing tube 17 in the freezing hole 7 is connected to the underground freezing system 18, and the coal seam 1 is frozen by the freezing tube 17.
  • the temperature sensor 16 disposed in the temperature measuring hole 6 is respectively passed through the data line 14.
  • the temperature signal in the coal seam 1 is transmitted to the digital temperature display device 13, and the temperature of the coal seam in the temperature measuring hole 6 is monitored in real time by the digital temperature display device 13.
  • the temperature of the coal seam in all the temperature measuring holes 6 reaches -3 ° C, it is judged
  • the coal seam 1 in the uncovering coal area has been frozen;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法，在揭煤工作面（2）距煤层（1）的最小法向距离大于或等于7m位置处，在揭煤工作面（2）施工多个注水孔（5），采用常规水力割缝技术对注水孔（5）进行水力割缝，割缝结束后，将注水孔（5）与瓦斯抽采管网连接进行瓦斯抽采，当煤层瓦斯含量小于8m 3/t时，停止抽采。然后在注水孔（5）两侧分别施工冻结孔（7）和测温孔（6），采用胶囊封孔器（12）封孔，将水通过注水孔（5）注入煤层（1），注水结束后关闭阀门，注入煤层的水逐渐渗流进入煤体微裂隙；采用常规冻结技术将注水孔（5）周围的煤层冻结，冻结过程中煤层裂隙中的自由水逐渐由液态转化为固态，提高了煤体的强度和抗冲击能力，达到固化煤层的效果，然后按照常规揭煤方法揭开煤层。

Description

基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种抽采瓦斯方法，尤其是一种适用于高瓦斯低透气性煤层瓦斯突出的基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法。
技术背景
煤与瓦斯突出是威胁煤矿安全生产的主要灾害之一，尤其是石门揭穿煤层时突出强度最大、最危险。揭煤工作面前方煤岩应力状态易发生突然变化，岩石、煤层的弹性潜能以及瓦斯能量大量释放而发生高强度突出。石门揭煤突出的平均强度为其他各类巷道突出强度的6倍以上，80％以上的特大型突出都发生在石门揭煤过程中。由于石门揭煤施工工艺的特殊性，揭穿突出煤层全过程都有突出危险，并可能发生连续突出、延期突出和自行揭开突出，比一般类型突出防治难度更大。
目前，高瓦斯突出煤层石门揭煤方法主要从卸压和加固两个方面实施，在煤层卸压增透方面主要有水力冲孔、松动爆破和水力割缝等措施，在煤体加固方面主要有金属骨架和注浆加固等措施。这些措施在石门揭煤防突工作中取得了一定的成效，但是也存在很大的局限性，水力割缝等措施能有效卸除地应力和瓦斯压力，但同时破坏了煤体完整性，揭煤区域煤体强度降低；注浆加固能有效提高煤体强度，但是水泥砂浆只能在裂隙中渗透扩散，由于煤体裂隙开度小，水泥浆扩散半径有限，只能小范围的实现揭煤区域煤体强度，无法实现区域性加固。因此，迫切需要提供一种石门揭煤方法，既能满足卸压增透高效抽采煤体瓦斯，又能强化加固揭煤区煤体强度，实现安全快速揭煤。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是针对已有技术中存在的问题，提供一种方法简单、安全性高、揭煤效果好的基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法。
技术方案：本发明的基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法，包括以下步骤：
a.在揭煤工作面距煤层的最小法向距离大于或等于7m的位置处，穿过保护岩柱向煤层方向间隔施工多个注水孔；
b.采用常规水力割缝技术依次对每个注水孔进行水力割缝，并对水力割缝后的注水孔进行注浆封孔；
c.将所有注水孔与瓦斯抽采管网连接进行抽采，当煤层瓦斯含量小于8m3/t时，停止抽采；
d.在每个注水孔的两侧分别施工一个冻结孔，冻结孔距离注水孔孔口距离为 0.2～0.5m，终孔距离为5～10m，然后在两个冻结孔与注水孔中间分别施工一个测温孔；
e.在测温孔中送入温度传感器，采用注浆封孔的方式对测温孔进行封孔，将冻结管送入冻结孔内，送入深度为不小于冻结孔深度的80％；
f.将高压注水管与注水孔相连接，采用高压注水泵通过高压注水管向注水孔中注入高压水，注水的压力为3-15MPa，待注水孔周围煤壁出现渗水现象、或注水压力突然降低、或持续注水压力无明显变化时停止注水；
g.将冻结孔内的冻结管与井下冻结系统相连接，通过冻结管对煤层进行冻结，冻结过程中，设在测温孔内的温度传感器分别经数据线将煤层内的温度信号传输给数字温度显示仪，通过数字温度显示仪实时监测测温孔内煤层的温度，当所有测温孔内煤层的温度均达到-3℃时，则判断揭煤区域内的煤层已经冻结；
h.按照常规揭煤方法揭开煤层。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明利用水力割缝技术，通过高压泵站产生的高压水射流对钻孔周围煤体进行切割，对目标煤层进行了卸压，同时增加了揭煤区域煤体的透气性，在煤体内形成复杂裂隙网，增加煤层内瓦斯流动通道，提高瓦斯抽采效果，同时利用水的相变作用，结合煤层注水与冻结技术，通过水的相变对揭煤区域进行冻结，进一步消除石门揭煤过程中的突出危险性。水力割缝技术形成的高压水射流对钻孔周围煤体进行切割，形成具有一定厚度和高度的扁平缝槽，增加了瓦斯在煤层中的流动通道，改变了煤体力学性质，提高了高瓦斯煤层的透气性，改善了煤层中的瓦斯流动状态；钻孔瓦斯抽采影响半径达10～40m，与普通抽采钻孔相比，单孔有效抽采影响半径扩大5～20倍，瓦斯抽采钻孔数减少20％～60％，能够高效的降低煤层瓦斯含量，降低石门揭煤的突出危险性。同时，煤层注水技术和冻结技术的结合，实现揭煤区域周围煤体冻结，提高了目标煤体的强度和抗冲击能力，进一步降低石门揭煤区域的突出危险。
附图说明
图1是本发明的揭煤工作面水力割缝技术的冻结式石门揭煤示意图。
图2是图1的A－A揭煤工作面冻结单元布置示意图。
图3是本发明的注水孔连接注水系统示意图。
图4是本发明的测温孔连接测温系统示意图。
图5是本发明的冻结孔连接冻结系统示意图。
图中：1－煤层，2—揭煤工作面，3—岩巷，4—保护岩柱，5—注水孔，6—测温孔，7—冻结孔，8—高压注水泵，9—高压注水管，10—截止阀，11—抽采管，12—胶囊封孔 器，13—数字温度显示仪，14—数据线，15—钻孔封孔段，16—温度传感器，17—冻结管，18—冻结系统，19—钻机，20—钻杆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明的基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法，具体步骤如下：
a.在岩巷3揭煤工作面2距煤层1的最小法向距离大于或等于7m的位置处，穿过保护岩柱4向煤层1方向间隔施工多个注水孔5，完全贯穿目标煤层1，孔径75～130mm；
b.用钻机19带动有高压密封的通孔钻杆20送至割缝钻孔5设定位置，同时启动钻机19和高压注水泵8，通过钻孔5孔内有高压密封的通孔钻杆20将一定压力和流量的高压射流对钻孔周围煤体边退钻边切割，形成一定高度和宽度的扁平缝槽，注水压力为25～30Mpa，流量为40～80L/min，钻孔周围形成扁缝槽半径为400～700mm，缝宽为20～30mm，采用常规水力割缝技术依次对每个注水孔5进行水力割缝，并对水力割缝后的注水孔5进行注浆封孔，采用现有的胶囊封孔器12对注水孔5进行封孔；
c.割缝结束后，将所有注水孔5与瓦斯抽采管网连接，按已有的常规技术在割缝影响区域内进行瓦斯抽采，当煤层瓦斯含量小于8m3/t时，停止瓦斯抽采；
d.穿过保护岩柱在石门巷道内向目标煤层1分组依次实施相变致裂，在每个注水孔5的两侧分别施工一个冻结孔7，冻结孔7距离注水孔5孔口距离为0.2～0.5m，终孔距离为5～10m，然后在两个冻结孔7与注水孔5中间分别施工一个测温孔6；
e.在测温孔6中送入温度传感器16，对测温孔6进行注浆封孔，封孔段15的长度不小于5m，将冻结管17送入冻结孔7内，送入深度为不小于冻结孔7深度的80％；
f.将高压注水管9与注水孔5内的抽采管11相连接，采用高压注水泵8通过高压注水管9向注水孔5中注入高压水，注水的压力为3-15MPa，待注水孔5周围煤壁出现渗水现象、或注水压力突然降低、或持续注水压力无明显变化时停止注水，并关闭注水孔5孔口的截止阀10；
g.将冻结孔7内的冻结管17与井下冻结系统18相连接，通过冻结管17对煤层1进行冻结，冻结过程中，设在测温孔6内的温度传感器16分别经数据线14将煤层1内的温度信号传输给数字温度显示仪13，通过数字温度显示仪13实时监测测温孔6内煤层的温度，当所有测温孔6内煤层的温度均达到-3℃时，则判断揭煤区域内的煤层1已经冻结；
h.按照常规揭煤方法揭开煤层。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a.在揭煤工作面(2)距煤层(1)的最小法向距离大于或等于7m的位置处，穿过保护岩柱(4)向煤层(1)方向间隔施工多个注水孔(5)；
    b.采用常规水力割缝技术依次对每个注水孔(5)进行水力割缝，并对水力割缝后的注水孔(5)进行注浆封孔；
    c.将所有注水孔(5)与瓦斯抽采管网连接进行抽采，当煤层瓦斯含量小于8m3/t时，停止抽采；
    d.在每个注水孔(5)的两侧分别施工一个冻结孔(7)，冻结孔(7)距离注水孔(5)孔口距离为0.2～0.5m，终孔距离为5～10m，然后在两个冻结孔(7)与注水孔(5)中间分别施工一个测温孔(6)；
    e.在测温孔(6)中送入温度传感器(16)，采用注浆封孔的方式对测温孔(6)进行封孔，将冻结管(17)送入冻结孔(7)内，送入深度为不小于冻结孔(7)深度的80％；
    f.将高压注水管(9)与注水孔(5)相连接，采用高压注水泵(8)通过高压注水管(9)向注水孔(5)中注入高压水，注水的压力为3-15MPa，待注水孔(5)周围煤壁出现渗水现象、或注水压力突然降低、或持续注水压力无明显变化时停止注水；
    g.将冻结孔(7)内的冻结管(17)与井下冻结系统(18)相连接，通过冻结管(17)对煤层(1)进行冻结，冻结过程中，设在测温孔(6)内的温度传感器(16)分别经数据线(14)将煤层(1)内的温度信号传输给数字温度显示仪(13)，通过数字温度显示仪(13)实时监测测温孔(6)内煤层的温度，当所有测温孔(6)内煤层的温度均达到-3℃时，则判断揭煤区域内的煤层(1)已经冻结；
    h.按照常规揭煤方法揭开煤层。
PCT/CN2015/085654 2014-08-07 2015-07-31 基于水力割缝的冻结式石门揭煤方法 Ceased WO2016019826A1 (zh)

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