WO2016019666A1 - 电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置 - Google Patents

电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019666A1
WO2016019666A1 PCT/CN2014/093192 CN2014093192W WO2016019666A1 WO 2016019666 A1 WO2016019666 A1 WO 2016019666A1 CN 2014093192 W CN2014093192 W CN 2014093192W WO 2016019666 A1 WO2016019666 A1 WO 2016019666A1
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Prior art keywords
partial discharge
signal
sensor
pulse
cable
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PCT/CN2014/093192
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任志刚
程序
陶诗洋
栾逢时
王文山
齐伟强
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State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2016019666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019666A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power equipment detection, and in particular to a method and apparatus for detecting partial discharge of a cable.
  • XLPE power cable has been widely used due to its reasonable process and structure, strong acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, simple installation and installation, and less operation and maintenance. .
  • the power cable runs in the underground for a long time, such as moisture, pollution, damage to people and vehicles, etc., combined with the effect of voltage, it is prone to aging of electric tree branches and aging of water trees.
  • the aging of the XLPE cable leads to a decrease in the insulation resistance, an increase in the leakage cable, and finally a breakdown failure, causing a huge loss. Therefore, the detection of XLPE power cables is important to ensure reliable operation of the power system and extend the service life of the cable.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting partial discharge of a cable to solve the above problem.
  • a method for detecting partial discharge of a cable comprising: coupling a coupled signal from a cable to be tested by a coupled sensor; and performing signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal to obtain a measured Partial discharge signal on the cable; the partial discharge signal is used to determine the location of the partial discharge on the cable under test.
  • the coupling sensor includes at least one of an inductively coupled sensor, a capacitively coupled sensor, and an antenna receiving sensor.
  • coupling the signal from the cable under test by the coupled sensor comprises: when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the inductively coupled sensor senses a pulse current to obtain a coupled signal, wherein the pulse current is a partial discharge of the cable under test on the cable under test. a discharge current flowing through the metal shield; when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the capacitive coupled sensor couples the coupled signal through a detection loop formed by the coupling capacitor and the sense impedance; and when the coupled sensor is the antenna receive sensor, the antenna receive sensor passes The UHF electromagnetic wave is received to obtain a coupled signal, wherein the UHF electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave excited and propagated by a steep pulse generated by partial discharge of the tested cable.
  • performing signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test includes: performing signal on the coupled signal by using at least one of a difference method, a polarity discrimination method, a directional coupling method, and a delay analysis method Conditioning analysis yields the operation of the partial discharge signal on the cable under test.
  • determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test by using the partial discharge signal comprises: acquiring a first time when the first pulse reaches the test end of the cable under test, wherein the first pulse is a raw pulse; and acquiring the second pulse arrives at the measured The second time of the test end of the cable, wherein the second pulse is a reflected pulse, the reflected pulse is a pulse that wants to test the opposite end propagation after the partial discharge occurs, and is transmitted to the test end after being tested by the opposite end; according to the first time and the first The time difference between the two times determines where the partial discharge occurs.
  • determining a position at which partial discharge occurs on the cable under test using the partial discharge signal includes: acquiring a partial discharge signal of the plurality of measurement positions; determining a frequency of the partial discharge signal in the frequency domain by using frequency components and time lengths of the plurality of partial discharge signals Poor; when the standard deviation meets the preset threshold, the measurement position of the partial discharge signal corresponding to the deviation is determined to be the position at which the partial discharge occurs.
  • determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test using the partial discharge signal includes: obtaining the arrival time of the same partial discharge signal at different measurement positions; determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs using the arrival time.
  • a device for detecting partial discharge of a cable comprising: a coupling unit for coupling a coupling signal from a cable to be tested by a coupling sensor; a signal processing unit, It is used for signal conditioning analysis of the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test; a position determining unit for determining a position at which a partial discharge occurs on the cable under test using the partial discharge signal.
  • the coupling sensor includes at least one of an inductively coupled sensor, a capacitively coupled sensor, and an antenna receiving sensor.
  • the coupling unit includes: a first coupling module, wherein when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the inductively coupled sensor senses a pulse current to obtain a coupled signal, wherein the pulse current is a partial shield of the tested cable to the metal shield of the cable under test a discharge current flowing through the layer; a second coupling module, wherein when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the capacitive coupling sensor couples the coupling signal through a detection loop formed by a coupling capacitor and a detection impedance; and a third coupling module is used for coupling When the sensor receives the sensor for the antenna, the antenna receiving sensor obtains a coupled signal by receiving UHF electromagnetic waves, wherein the UHF electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave excited and propagated by a steep pulse generated by partial discharge of the tested cable.
  • the signal processing unit includes: a signal processing module, configured to perform signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal by using at least one of a difference method, a polarity discrimination method, a directional coupling method, and a delay analysis method to obtain a cable to be tested. The operation of the partial discharge signal.
  • the position determining unit includes: a first acquiring module, configured to acquire a first time when the first pulse reaches the test end of the cable under test, wherein the first pulse is a raw pulse; and the second acquiring module is configured to acquire the second pulse a second time of reaching the test end of the cable under test, wherein the second pulse is a reflected pulse, the reflected pulse is a pulse that wants to test the opposite end propagation after the partial discharge is generated, and is transmitted to the test end after being tested by the opposite end; And a module, configured to determine a location at which partial discharge occurs according to a time difference between the first time and the second time.
  • the location determining unit includes: a third acquiring module, configured to acquire a partial discharge signal of the plurality of measurement locations; and a second determining module, configured to determine a partial discharge signal in the frequency by using frequency components and time lengths of the plurality of partial discharge signals
  • the third determining module is configured to determine, when the standard deviation meets the preset threshold, that the measurement position of the partial discharge signal corresponding to the standard deviation is a position at which partial discharge occurs.
  • the position determining unit comprises: a fourth acquiring module, configured to acquire an arrival time of the same partial discharge signal at different measurement positions; and a fourth determining module, configured to determine a position at which partial discharge occurs using the arrival time.
  • the coupled signal is obtained by coupling the sensor, and the signal is subjected to conditioning analysis to remove the interference signal in the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test, and then the partial discharge signal is used to determine the position of the partial discharge on the tested cable. .
  • the problem of detecting the partial discharge in the prior art is not high, and the effect of accurately monitoring the position of the partial discharge of the cable under test is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting partial discharge of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive coupling sensor of an external structure according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of raw pulses and reflected pulses in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting partial discharge of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Partial discharge when the applied voltage is generated in the electrical equipment, is strong enough to cause the insulating portion to discharge, but such a discharge phenomenon in which no fixed discharge channel is formed in the discharge region is called partial discharge.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting partial discharge of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S102 coupling the sensor to obtain a coupled signal from the cable under test.
  • Step S104 performing signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test.
  • step S106 the partial discharge signal is used to determine the position at which the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test.
  • the coupled signal is obtained by coupling the sensor, and the signal is subjected to conditioning analysis to remove the interference signal in the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test, and then the partial discharge signal is used to determine the position of the partial discharge on the tested cable. .
  • the problem of detecting the partial discharge in the prior art is not high, and the effect of accurately monitoring the position of the partial discharge of the cable under test is achieved.
  • the coupling sensor includes at least one of an inductively coupled sensor, a capacitively coupled sensor, and an antenna receiving sensor.
  • the partial discharge signal of the cable under test can be effectively and reliably coupled out from the cable under test.
  • coupling the coupled signal from the cable under test by the coupling sensor may include: when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the inductively coupled sensor senses a pulse current to obtain a coupled signal, wherein the pulse current a discharge current that partially discharges the cable under test in the metal shield of the cable under test; when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the capacitively coupled sensor couples the coupled signal through a detection loop formed by the coupling capacitor and the sense impedance; When receiving the sensor for the antenna, the antenna receiving sensor obtains a coupled signal by receiving UHF electromagnetic waves, wherein the UHF electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave excited and propagated by a steep pulse generated by partial discharge of the tested cable.
  • the inductively coupled sensor can couple energy from a magnetic field generated by partial discharge and then convert the electrical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the discharge pulse current will propagate along the axial direction of the cable under test, and a magnetic field will be generated on a plane perpendicular to the direction of current propagation, from which the discharge signal is coupled (ie, in the above embodiment) Coupling signal).
  • a wide-band Rogowski coil type current sensor with a ferrite core can be used as the inductively coupled sensor.
  • a built-in inductively coupled sensor can be used that is mounted on a metal shielded connection inside the cable connector.
  • the built-in sensor has small caliper, high sensitivity and low external electromagnetic interference.
  • the senor can also be constructed as a clamp-type portable or external sensor that is temporarily or permanently attached to the exterior of the cable body at both ends of the connector.
  • a wideband Rogowski coil structure current sensor is generally used, which is mainly placed at the metal shield ground lead at one end of the cable under test, the intermediate joint metal shield connection line, the cable body, and the single-phase cable of the three-core cable.
  • a pulse current flows through the ground wire and the metal shield layer, and when it passes through the sensor, a signal is induced on the secondary winding, so that partial discharge information can be obtained (ie, the coupling in the above embodiment) signal).
  • the external sensor is easy to install and has no effect on the cable body.
  • the metal shield of the cable can induce the pulse current signal and pass it through the current sensor, and the sensor can detect the PD signal.
  • a partial discharge pulse of the helical structure grounding shielded cable is ns-level
  • a partial discharge current pulse in the grounded shield can be divided into a component along the cable direction and a tangential component.
  • the latter ie, the split vector
  • the net flux of the coil wound on the outer shield of the cable is proportional to the tangential current, which can be judged by the magnitude of the net flux on the coil. Partial discharge.
  • the capacitive coupling sensor can be used to obtain the coupling signal.
  • the existing metal structure in the cable and its connector can be used, or a metal foil can be additionally mounted to form the capacitive electrode.
  • the first capacitor and the second capacitor together form a coupling capacitor, and a section of the outer semiconductive layer of the cable is used as a detection impedance to couple the partial discharge signal.
  • a VHF capacitively coupled sensor is also provided. Specifically, a cable to be tested close to the joint is taken, a part of the outer sheath is peeled off, and a metal foil is attached to the outer semi-conductive layer as an electrode, and a signal is taken out from the electrode, and the cut metal shield layer is connected by a wire.
  • the semiconducting layer can be regarded as the power frequency ground potential, so the capacitive coupler (ie, the capacitive coupling sensor in the above embodiment) does not affect the cable.
  • the insulation is subjected to the effect of high frequency and high frequency.
  • the impedance of the outer semiconducting layer is comparable to the impedance of the insulating layer, while the metal shielding layer is at ground potential, and the high frequency signal can be taken out from the semiconducting layer for measurement. Adjusting the length D of the peeling sheath, the length D1 of the metal foil, and the length D2 between the metal foil and the sheath can obtain the optimum signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor.
  • the sensor has a maximum frequency of 500MHz and can be used as an ultra-high frequency measurement sensor for cables and accessories. It has high sensitivity and good anti-interference effect.
  • the detection sensor is in the cable, the good shielding of the cable ensures the detection sensitivity of the signal, and the measuring device is simple.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a capacitive coupling sensor with an external structure.
  • a pair of metal electrodes are mounted on the insulating cylinder of the cable joint 1 (the shielding layer in the middle of the joint is separated), and the two metal electrodes are connected by the detecting impedance 3, and the two metal electrodes 2 are spaced apart. Insulating gasket 4.
  • the two equivalent capacitors C1 and C2 formed by the metal shielding layer and the core conductor form the equivalent capacitances C3 and C4, and the Zd is the detection impedance.
  • the equivalent capacitance (C2 and C4) on the other side can be used as a coupling loop and a sense impedance to form a detection loop to couple the partial discharge signal.
  • the capacitive coupling sensor in the above embodiment of the present invention may further have a corresponding hardware signal conditioning circuit, including a broadband high-pass filter, a broadband amplifier, a power frequency zero-crossing comparison unit, a detection circuit, a high-speed digital acquisition card, an industrial computer, and the like;
  • the detection system can be used to complete functions such as signal acquisition, analysis, and storage.
  • the external capacitive coupling sensor can directly attach the metal electrode to the insulation barrel of the cable connector without touching any parts inside the cable connector.
  • the installation is also very simple and suitable for live detection.
  • the coupling signal can be acquired by a UHF antenna receiving sensor.
  • the PD signal (the PD signal, that is, the partial discharge signal, that is, the coupled signal in the above embodiment) can be detected by using the installed antenna sensor to receive UHF electromagnetic waves excited and propagated by the PD steep pulse.
  • the anti-low-frequency interference capability is strong, and the PD source can be positioned.
  • different defect types can be distinguished, and at the same time, long-term on-site monitoring can be performed, and the sensitivity can meet the engineering requirements.
  • the antenna in the above embodiment may have an antenna such as a two-armed Archimedes spiral antenna, a rod antenna, or a probe sensor.
  • an antenna such as a two-armed Archimedes spiral antenna, a rod antenna, or a probe sensor.
  • multiple sensors can be mounted during testing and mounted as close as possible to the connector or end of the cable. Further, the use of UHF antenna receiving sensors has higher sensitivity.
  • performing signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test includes: performing at least one of a difference method, a polarity discrimination method, a directional coupling method, and a delay analysis method.
  • the signal conditioning analysis of the coupled signal results in the operation of the partial discharge signal on the cable under test.
  • the internal discharge signal and the external noise signal can be identified, that is, the coupled coupled signal is de-asserted, thereby improving the reliability of the detection.
  • a pair of coupled sensors with the same performance and structure can be used to obtain a bridge differential balancing circuit, and the difference between the response of the two coupled sensors by the true discharge signal and the external interference signal on the cable under test is obtained.
  • the internal discharge signal is enhanced, and the external interference signal is removed to obtain a partial discharge signal.
  • a pair of sensors having the same performance and structure can be used, and two sensors are symmetrically mounted on both ends of the cable under test, and C0 and R0 constitute a detection impedance for coupling signals, and coupling signals are coupled from both ends (eg, The output of the A terminal and the B terminal) is input and input into the industrial computer through the acquisition and amplification, and finally the software is used to realize the signal analysis and processing work such as polarity discrimination.
  • the pulse current propagates to both sides, and the direction of passing through the two sensors is opposite.
  • the polarities of the signals coupled to the ends of A and B are also opposite, and are retained by the software to obtain a partial. Discharge signal; when external interference passes, the direction of passing through the two sensors is the same, and the polarities of the signals coupled to both ends of A and B are also the same, and are deleted after being recognized by software.
  • the coupled sensor can be a directional coupled sensor.
  • the sensor has two output ports, each of which corresponds to a pulse signal from different directions (forward and reverse), and can adopt a capacitive coupling or an inductive coupling method, and the main characteristic parameters thereof.
  • the coupling coefficient characterizes the ability of the sensor to couple the pulse signal
  • the directionality characterizes the ability to distinguish between the forward-propagating pulse and the back-propagating pulse.
  • the directional coupling sensor is mounted on the outer semiconducting layer (in the metal sheath) at both ends of the cable joint, and the output ends are A, B and C, D.
  • the four outputs A, B, C, and D have different responses V A , V B , V C , and V D .
  • the directivity of the sensor is 1:2 (6 dB)
  • the pulse signal from the left side of the cable, V A ⁇ 2V B , V C ⁇ 2V D is regarded as an external interference signal;
  • the pulse signal from the right side of the cable, V B ⁇ 2V A , V D ⁇ 2V C It is also considered as an external disturbance signal;
  • the pulse that propagates from the inside of the joint to both sides: V B ⁇ 2V A , V C ⁇ 2V D is regarded as the internal discharge signal of the joint.
  • a pair of sensors with the same performance and structure can be used to determine whether the internal discharge or the external disturbance is based on the difference in the delay of the discharge pulse reaching the two sensors.
  • the two sensors A and B can be respectively installed at the joints at both ends of the cable to be tested, and the coupling signal is transmitted to the partial discharge detector through the coaxial cable (long-distance transmission requires optical fiber), and then the partial discharge signal and interference are distinguished by time delay analysis. signal.
  • the time interval of the signals to which the two sensors are coupled is ⁇ t
  • the propagation speed of the known pulse signal in the cable is v
  • the length of the cable under test is L
  • the interference signal from the outside the delay interval ⁇ t n is the minimum which is:
  • the detection system detects the time interval of the two signals When it is considered to be the internal discharge of the cable under test; When it is considered to be external interference.
  • the position of the partial discharge can also be located by the processing method.
  • the defect of the cable can be accurately evaluated by determining the partial discharge position.
  • determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test by using the partial discharge signal may further include: acquiring a first time when the first pulse reaches the test end of the cable under test, wherein the first pulse is a raw pulse; Obtaining a second time when the second pulse reaches the test end of the cable under test, wherein the second pulse is a reflected pulse, and the reflected pulse is a pulse that wants to test the opposite end propagation after the partial discharge occurs, and is propagated to the test end after being tested by the opposite end.
  • the position at which the partial discharge occurs is determined based on the time difference between the first time and the second time.
  • the signal A of the original pulse is a signal (the near end) where the source pulse directly reaches the first end after the partial discharge occurs
  • the signal pulse B detected by the detecting device is the PD source signal.
  • the pulse generated by the far-end reflection reaches the proximal end
  • C is the signal generated by the B-generated signal reaching the proximal end and then being reflected by the distal end and then reaching the proximal end.
  • the pulse will travel along the cable in two opposite directions, one of which passes the time t1 to the test end (the pulse is the original pulse); A pulse propagates to the opposite end of the test and reflects at the opposite end of the test, then propagates to the test end, and reaches the test end after time t2.
  • the position where the PD occurs that is, the position at which the partial discharge occurs
  • Q the energy of the pulse in which the partial discharge occurs
  • v is the speed at which the pulse propagates.
  • determining a position at which partial discharge occurs on the cable under test using the partial discharge signal includes: acquiring partial discharge signals of the plurality of measurement positions; using frequency components and time lengths of the plurality of partial discharge signals Determining the deviation of the partial discharge signal in the frequency domain; when the deviation meets the preset threshold, determining the measurement position of the partial discharge signal corresponding to the deviation is the position at which the partial discharge occurs.
  • the processing method is a method based on comparing time-frequency domain characteristics of PD pulses (ie, pulses of partial discharge) measured from different positions.
  • PD pulses ie, pulses of partial discharge
  • the influence of the PD pulse as it propagates along the cable under test can be explained by the fault pre-positioning bit: the closer the fault point is, the more the PD will exhibit large values, large frequency components and small time lengths.
  • the attenuation causes it to produce smaller amplitude and frequency components, and dispersion increases the length of time.
  • T and F are used as a way to attenuate noise and extract PD pulses from different waveforms, most likely associated with different PD sources.
  • the process of calculating T and F is as follows. First, the pulse energy is normalized to 1 so that the scales of the T and F values are unchanged.
  • the deviation F of s in the frequency domain can be calculated.
  • the parameters T and F are strongly influenced by the shape of the PD pulse.
  • the PD source pulse near the coupled sensor will exhibit a lower T value and a higher F value.
  • a farther PD source pulse eg, a corona pulse produced by the measuring device at the joint
  • This feature allows the PD source pulses at different locations of the PD pulse to be differentiated.
  • the noise pulse often exhibits a lower F value due to, for example, the action of the electrical switch of the resonant test equipment.
  • the process of separately pulse is as follows.
  • the TF values are first merged into a Cartesian plan (TF map).
  • the identified similar waveform pulse forming groups are in the TF spectrogram, and the similar TF values are grouped together.
  • the cluster obtained by this process is separately calculated as a series of pulse values of a noise or a PD pulse [32-34].
  • positioning can be performed by comparing PD pulse peak and F value comparison analysis at different points along the cable line.
  • the PD pulse characteristics at different locations can be obtained by statistical comparison of the data.
  • each set of recorded partial discharge pulses can be represented by a mean value difference F and a high approximation (here 98%) of the measure distribution values.
  • PD pulses recorded at different locations can be evenly divided into groups in the form of T and F values; 2) each PD phenomenon that can be identified by distinguishing data, mainly in PD source mode The characteristics are reference; 3) For each PD phenomenon, a histogram (AF map) of the average F value at different positions and the percentage of its distribution metric should be drawn; 4) AF map analysis positioning: if there is the largest The F value and the 98% percentile (ie, the frequency range F of the frequency domain meets the preset threshold), then here is the PD source location.
  • AF map histogram
  • determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test using the partial discharge signal includes: obtaining the arrival time of the same partial discharge signal at different measurement positions; determining the position at which the partial discharge occurs using the arrival time.
  • samples can be simultaneously detected from different measurement positions by two or more sensors, and can be positioned by calculating the arrival times of the same PD signals at different sensors. If the propagation speed of the pulse is known, know the exact length of the cable, and the different arrival times, the position of the PD source can be calculated, which can be accurate to several meters.
  • the position of the comparison pulse can be obtained, and the pulses detected by connectors #3 and #5 are almost simultaneously reached, then it can be determined that the PD source is in the middle of the two connectors, ie Connector 4.
  • the detecting device may include a coupling unit 10, a signal processing unit 20, and a position determining unit 30.
  • the coupling unit is configured to couple the coupled signal from the cable under test by the coupled sensor; the signal processing unit is configured to perform signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test; and a position determining unit for use The partial discharge signal determines where the partial discharge occurs on the cable under test.
  • the coupled signal is obtained by coupling the sensor, and the signal is subjected to conditioning analysis to remove the interference signal in the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test, and then the partial discharge signal is used to determine the position of the partial discharge on the tested cable. .
  • the problem of detecting the partial discharge in the prior art is not high, and the effect of accurately monitoring the position of the partial discharge of the cable under test is achieved.
  • the coupling sensor includes at least one of an inductively coupled sensor, a capacitively coupled sensor, and an antenna receiving sensor.
  • the coupling unit includes: a first coupling module, wherein when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the inductively coupled sensor senses a pulse current to obtain a coupled signal, wherein the pulse current is a partial shield of the tested cable to the metal shield of the cable under test a discharge current flowing through the layer; a second coupling module, wherein when the coupled sensor is an inductively coupled sensor, the capacitive coupling sensor couples the coupling signal through a detection loop formed by a coupling capacitor and a detection impedance; and a third coupling module is used for coupling When the sensor receives the sensor for the antenna, the antenna receiving sensor obtains a coupled signal by receiving UHF electromagnetic waves, wherein the UHF electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave excited and propagated by a steep pulse generated by partial discharge of the tested cable.
  • the signal processing unit includes: a signal processing module, configured to perform signal conditioning analysis on the coupled signal by using at least one of a difference method, a polarity discrimination method, a directional coupling method, and a delay analysis method to obtain a cable to be tested. The operation of the partial discharge signal.
  • the position determining unit includes: a first acquiring module, configured to acquire a first time when the first pulse reaches the test end of the cable under test, wherein the first pulse is a raw pulse; and the second acquiring module is configured to acquire the second pulse a second time of reaching the test end of the cable under test, wherein the second pulse is a reflected pulse, the reflected pulse is a pulse that wants to test the opposite end propagation after the partial discharge is generated, and is transmitted to the test end after being tested by the opposite end; And a module, configured to determine a location at which partial discharge occurs according to a time difference between the first time and the second time.
  • the location determining unit includes: a third acquiring module, configured to acquire a partial discharge signal of the plurality of measurement locations; and a second determining module, configured to determine a partial discharge signal in the frequency by using frequency components and time lengths of the plurality of partial discharge signals
  • the third determining module is configured to determine, when the standard deviation meets the preset threshold, that the measurement position of the partial discharge signal corresponding to the standard deviation is a position at which partial discharge occurs.
  • the location determining unit may include: a fourth acquiring module, configured to acquire an arrival time of the same partial discharge signal at different measurement positions; and a fourth determining module, configured to determine a position at which partial discharge occurs using the arrival time.
  • the modules provided in this embodiment are the same as the methods used in the corresponding steps of the method embodiment, and the application scenarios may be the same.
  • the solution involved in the foregoing module may not be limited to the content and scenario in the foregoing Embodiment 1, and the foregoing module may be run on a computer terminal or a mobile terminal, and may be implemented by software or hardware.
  • the coupled signal is obtained by coupling the sensor, and the signal is subjected to conditioning analysis to remove the interference signal in the coupled signal to obtain a partial discharge signal on the cable under test, and then the partial discharge signal is used to determine the position of the partial discharge on the tested cable. .
  • the problem of detecting the partial discharge in the prior art is not high, and the effect of accurately monitoring the position of the partial discharge of the cable under test is achieved.
  • modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device that can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device by a computing device, or they may be fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or Multiple modules or steps are made into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置。其中，该方法包括：通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号（S102）；对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号（S104）；使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置（S106）。通过该方法，解决了现有技术中的检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，实现了准确监测被测电缆的局部放电的位置的效果。

Description

电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力设备检测领域，具体而言，涉及一种电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置。
背景技术
随着电网的发展及城市环境治理的需要，交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电力电缆由于其合理的工艺和结构，耐酸碱、耐腐蚀能力强，安装铺设简单，运行维护工作少得到了广泛应用。但是电力电缆长期运行于地下，潮湿、污秽、人车破坏等原因，加之电压的作用，容易发生电树枝老化、水树老化等。XLPE电缆绝缘老化导致其绝缘电阻下降，泄漏电缆增加，最终发生击穿故障，造成巨大损失。因此，XLPE电力电缆的检测对保证电力系统可靠运行及延长电缆使用寿命及其重要。然而，在XLPE电力电缆的传统检测方法中，主要采用定期测量其绝缘电阻，泄漏电流，介损以及耐压试验的方法。这些试验方法虽然在一定程度上能发现电力电缆缺陷，避免了许多事故的发生，但是其局限性是很明显的，试验合格的设备投入生产后不久就出现事故的情况也时常出现，甚至经过耐压试验的电缆在投运后几个小时就发生击穿事故。事实上，要真正发现绝缘的潜在老化缺陷，局部放电的检测是最有效的手段，但是现有技术中的局部放电检测技术检测局部放电的准确性不高。
针对现有技术中检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
针对相关技术中检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案，为此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种电缆局部放电的检测方法及装置，以解决上述问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种电缆局部放电的检测方法，该方法包括：通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号；对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号；使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
进一步地，耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
进一步地，通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号包括：在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到耦合信号，其中，脉冲电流为被测电缆局部放电在被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合该耦合信号；在耦合传感器为天线接收传感器时，天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到耦合信号，其中，UHF电磁波为被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
进一步地，对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号包括：使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种方法执行对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的操作。
进一步地，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：获取第一脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，第一脉冲为原始脉冲；获取第二脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第二时间，其中，第二脉冲为反射脉冲，反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经测试对端发射之后向测试端传播的脉冲；根据第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定局部放电发生的位置。
进一步地，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：获取多个测量位置的局部放电信号；使用多个局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定局部放电信号在频域的标差；在标差符合预设阈值时，确定标差对应的局部放电信号的测量位置为发生局部放电的位置。
进一步地，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：获取同一个局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；使用到达时间确定发生局部放电的位置。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种电缆局部放电的检测装置，该装置包括：耦合单元，用于通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号；信号处理单元，用于对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号；位置确定单元，用于使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
进一步地，耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
进一步地，耦合单元包括：第一耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到耦合信号，其中，脉冲电流为被测电缆局部放电在被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；第二耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合该耦合信号；第三耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为天线接收传感器时，天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到耦合信号，其中，UHF电磁波为被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
进一步地，信号处理单元包括：信号处理模块，用于使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种装置执行对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的操作。
进一步地，位置确定单元包括：第一获取模块，用于获取第一脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，第一脉冲为原始脉冲；第二获取模块，用于获取第二脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第二时间，其中，第二脉冲为反射脉冲，反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经测试对端发射之后向测试端传播的脉冲；第一确定模块，用于根据第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定局部放电发生的位置。
进一步地，位置确定单元包括：第三获取模块，用于获取多个测量位置的局部放电信号；第二确定模块，用于使用多个局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定局部放电信号在频域的标差；第三确定模块，用于在标差符合预设阈值时，确定标差对应的局部放电信号的测量位置为发生局部放电的位置。
进一步地，位置确定单元包括：第四获取模块，用于获取同一个局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；第四确定模块，用于使用到达时间确定发生局部放电的位置。
采用本发明，通过耦合传感器耦合得到耦合信号，并对信号进行调理分析去除耦合信号中的干扰信号得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号，然后使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。解决了现有技术中的检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，实现了准确监测被测电缆的局部放电的位置的效果。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施例的电缆局部放电的检测方法的流程图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的一种外置结构的电容耦合传感器的示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的原始脉冲和反射脉冲的示意图；以及
图4是根据本发明实施例的电缆局部放电的检测装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先，在对本发明实施例进行描述的过程中出现的部分名词或术语适用于如下解释：
局部放电，当外加电压在电气设备中产生的场强，足以使绝缘部分区域发生放电，但在放电区域内未形成固定放电通道的这种放电现象称为局部放电。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
图1是根据本发明实施例的电缆局部放电的检测方法的流程图，如图1所示该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S102，通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号。
步骤S104，对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号。
步骤S106，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
采用本发明，通过耦合传感器耦合得到耦合信号，并对信号进行调理分析去除耦合信号中的干扰信号得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号，然后使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。解决了现有技术中的检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，实现了准确监测被测电缆的局部放电的位置的效果。
在本发明的上述实施例中，耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
通过上述实施例可以有效、可靠地把被测电缆的局部放电信号从被测电缆中耦合出来。
在本发明的一个可选的实施例中，通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号可以包括：在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到耦合信号，其中，脉冲电流为被测电缆局部放电在被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合该耦合信号；在耦合传感器为天线接收传感器时，天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到耦合信号，其中，UHF电磁波为被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
具体地，电感耦合传感器可以从局部放电产生的磁场中耦合能量，再经电感线圈转化为电信号。在被测电缆发生局部放电之后，放电脉冲电流将沿着被测电缆的轴向方向传播，会在垂直于电流传播方向的平面上产生磁场，从该磁场中耦合放电信号(即上述实施例中的耦合信号)。可选地，可以采用带铁氧体磁芯的宽频带罗戈夫斯基线圈型电流传感器作为电感耦合传感器。
可选地，可以使用内置式电感耦合传感器，该传感器安装在电缆接头内部的金属屏蔽连接线上。内置式传感器尺径小，灵敏度高，受外界电磁干扰小。
在本发明另一个实施例中，还可以将传感器做成钳型便携式即外置式传感器，暂时或者永久性的固定在接头两端的电缆本体外部。通常采用宽频带Rogowski线圈结构电流传感器，其主要测量位置在被测电缆的一端的金属屏蔽层接地引线处、中间接头金属屏蔽连接线、电缆本体上和三芯电缆的单相电缆上等位置。当电缆中存在局部放电时，接地线及金属屏蔽层中流过脉冲电流，当其穿过传感器时会在二次绕组上感应出信号，这样便可获取局部放电信息(即上述实施例中的耦合信号)。
在该实施例中，外置式传感器安装方便，且对电缆本体没有影响。电缆绝缘中有局部放电时,电缆金属屏蔽层可感应出脉冲电流信号并将其传过电流传感器，传感器就可测到局放信号。
进一步地，带有螺旋结构接地屏蔽电缆的局部放电在线检测的原理为：螺旋结构接地屏蔽电缆的局放脉冲ns级，而接地屏蔽中局部放电电流脉冲可分为沿电缆方向分量和切向分量，后者(即切分向量)产生附加轴向磁场，其磁力线接近电缆外皮，在电缆外屏蔽层上缠绕的线圈的净磁通正比于切向电流，可以通过线圈上净磁通的大小判断局部放电量。
在本发明第二个可选的实施例中，可以使用电容耦合传感器获取耦合信号，具体地，可以利用电缆及其接头中已有的金属结构，或另外安装金属薄片来构成容性电极，从而直接耦合放电产生的脉冲电流信号。
1)内置电容耦合
一种利用接头的结构进行信号的提取的内置电容法，直接利用电缆接头内部应力锥上的半导电层或者绕包金属箔或铜网作为耦合电极，该耦合电极与线芯导体形成第一电容CC，与金属屏蔽层形成第二电容CS，第一电容和第二电容共同组成耦合电容，并利用电缆外半导电层的一段作为检测阻抗来耦合局部放电信号。
在另外一种实施例中，还提供了一种VHF电容耦合传感器。具体地，取一段靠近接头的被测电缆，剥去部分外护套，将金属箔片贴在外半导电层上作为电极，信号从此电极引出，切断的金属屏蔽层再用导线连接。在工频电压下，由于外半导电层的阻抗远小于绝缘层的阻抗，半导电层可视为工频地电位，故电容耦合器(即上述实施例中的电容耦合传感器)并不影响电缆绝缘承受工频高压的效果。在超高频下，外半导电层阻抗与绝缘层阻抗可比，而金属屏蔽层为地电位，高频信号可从半导电层引出进行测量。调整剥去护套的长度D,金属箔长度D1以及金属箔和护套之间的长度D2可以获得传感器的最佳信噪比。该传感器的最高频率可达500MHz，可作为电缆及其附件的超高频测量传感器，灵敏度高，抗干扰效果好。
内置电容耦合法由于其检测传感器在电缆内，电缆良好的屏蔽保证了信号的检测灵敏度，同时其测量装置简单。
2)外置电容耦合
如图2所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种外置结构的电容耦合传感器。如图2所示，将一对金属电极安装在电缆接头1的绝缘筒上(接头中间的屏蔽层隔开)，再用检测阻抗3将两个金属电极相连，两个金属电极2之间隔有绝缘垫圈4。其中金属屏蔽层与线芯导体形成的两个等效电容C1、C2，金属电极与金属屏蔽层形成等效电容C3、C4，Zd为检测阻抗。当电缆接头一侧(如C1处)发生局部放电时，另一侧的等效电容(C2与C4)就可以作为耦合电容与检测阻抗一起构成检测回路从而耦合局部放电信号。
在本发明上述实施例中的电容耦合传感器还可以具有相应的硬件信号调理电路，包括宽带高通滤波器、宽带放大器、工频过零比较单元、检波电路、高速数字采集卡、工控机等；并可以使用检测系统来完成信号的采集、分析、存储等功能。
外置式电容耦合传感器可以直接将金属电极贴附于电缆接头的绝缘筒上，无需接触电缆接头内部的任何部件，安装也非常简单，适合于带电检测。
在本发明另一个实施例中，可以通过UHF天线接收传感器获取耦合信号。具体地，可以利用装设的天线传感器接收由PD陡脉冲所激发并传播的UHF电磁波来检测PD信号(PD信号即局部放电信号，也即为上述实施例中的耦合信号)。通过该实施例，抗低频干扰能力强，能对PD源进行定位，根据所测信号的频谱，可以区分不同的缺陷类型，同时，可进行长期现场监测，灵敏度能满足工程要求。
上述实施例中的天线可以有双臂阿基米德螺旋天线、拉杆式天线、探针式传感器等天线。可选地，在检测时可以安装多个传感器而且尽量安装在靠近电缆的接头或端部处。进一步地，使用UHF天线接收传感器具有较高的灵敏度。
在本发明上述实施例中，对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号包括：使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种方法执行对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的操作。
通过该实施例，可以识别内部放电信号和外部噪声信号，即对耦合到的耦合信号去伪存真，从而提高检测的可靠性。
使用差分法对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的具体实现如下：
使用该处理方法可以采用一对性能、结构相同的耦合传感器，得到桥式差动平衡电路，并利用被测电缆上真正的放电信号和外部的干扰信号在两个耦合传感器处响应的差异，来增强内部放电信号，去除外部干扰信号得到局部放电信号。
使用极性鉴别法对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的具体实现如下：
具体地，可以采用一对性能、结构相同的传感器，将两个传感器对称的安装在被测电缆的两端，C0和R0构成检测阻抗用来耦合信号，耦合到的耦合信号从两端(如A端和B端)输出，再经采集放大后输入到工控机中，最后利用软件实现极性鉴别等信号分析处理工作。具体地，当被测电缆内部发生放电时，脉冲电流向两边传播，穿过两传感器的方向相反，A、B两端耦合到的信号极性也相反，经软件识别后保留，得到的是局部放电信号；当外部干扰经过时，穿过两传感器的方向相同，A、B两端耦合到的信号极性也相同，经软件识别后删除。
使用定向耦合法对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的具体实现如下：
可以采用一对性能、结构相同且具有方向识别功能的耦合传感器。该耦合传感器可以为定向耦合传感器，该传感器有两个输出端口，每个端口对应耦合来自不同方向(正向、反向)的脉冲信号，可以采用电容耦合或电感耦合等方法，其主要特征参数为耦合系数和方向性，耦合系数表征了传感器耦合脉冲信号的能力，方向性则表征区别正向传播脉冲和反向传播脉冲的能力。定向耦合传感器被安装在电缆接头两端的外半导电层上(金属护套内)，输出端为A、B和C、D。对于不同的脉冲信号源，A、B、C、D四个输出端具有不同的响应VA、VB、VC、VD，如果传感器的方向性为1：2(6dB)则有以下关系：从电缆左侧来的脉冲信号，VA≥2VB,VC≥2VD，被视为外部干扰信号；从电缆右侧来的脉冲信号，VB≥2VA,VD≥2VC，同样被视为外部干扰信号；从接头内部向两边传播的脉冲：VB≥2VA，VC≥2VD，被视为接头内部放电信号。
使用时延分析法对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的具体实现如下：
可以采用一对性能、结构相同的传感器，根据放电脉冲到达两传感器的时延差别来判断是内部放电还是外部干扰。两传感器A、B可以分别安装于被测电缆两端的接头处，耦合信号通过同轴电缆(长距离传输需采用光纤)传送到局部放电检测仪中，再经过时延分析区别局部放电信号和干扰信号。
具体地，两传感器耦合到的信号的时间间隔为△t，已知脉冲信号在电缆中的传播速度为v，被测电缆长为L，来自外部的干扰信号，时延间隔△tn最小为
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000001
即：
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000002
来自被测电缆内部的局部放电信号，时延间隔△tPD最大为
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000003
即：
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000004
进一步地，当检测系统测到两路信号的时间间隔
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000005
时，即认为是被测电缆内部放电；当
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000006
时，即认为是外部干扰。通过该处理方法还可以对发生局部放电的位置进行定位，当C点(距A端x处)发生局部放电放电后，如果检测系统测得的两路信号时间间隔为△t，则：
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000007
在获取局部放电信号之后，可以通过对局部放电位置的确定对电缆的缺陷进行准确地评估。
根据本发明的上述实施例，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置还可以包括：获取第一脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，第一脉冲为原始脉冲；获取第二脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第二时间，其中，第二脉冲为反射脉冲，反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经测试对端发射之后向测试端传播的脉冲；根据第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定局部放电发生的位置。
具体地，如图3所示，原始脉冲的信号A是发生局部放电之后的源脉冲直接到达第一端的信号(较近的一端)，而被检测设备检测到的信号脉冲B是PD源信号先到达第二端(远端)之后，经远端反射到达近端所产生的脉冲，C是B产生的信号到达近端后在经远端反射再到达近端而产生的信号。
例如，测试一条长度为l的电缆，假设在距测试端x处发生局部放电，脉冲将沿电缆向两个相反方向传播，其中一个脉冲经过时间t1到达测试端(该脉冲为原始脉冲)；另一个脉冲向测试对端传播，并在测试对端发生反射，之后再向测试端传播，经过时间t2到达测试端。根据两个脉冲到达测试端的时间差，可计算PD发生位置(即局部放电发生的位置)，其中，Q为发生局部放电的脉冲的能量，v为脉冲传播的速度。则：
原始脉冲
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000008
反射脉冲
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000009
时间差
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000010
得定位公式：
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000011
根据本发明的另一个可选的实施例，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：获取多个测量位置的局部放电信号；使用多个局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定局部放电信号在频域的标差；在标差符合预设阈值时，确定标差对应的局部放电信号的测量位置为发生局部放电的位置。
具体地，该处理方法为基于比较从不同位置测得PD脉冲(即局部放电的脉冲)的时频域特性的一种方法。PD脉冲沿被测电缆传播时受到的影响可以用故障预定位来说明：离故障点越近，PD越会呈现大幅值、大频率分量和小时间长度。相反地，远离故障点时，衰减会使其产生更小的幅值和频率分量，且色散会增加时间长度。
当脉冲幅值被读取后，PD脉冲的频率分量和时间长度需要量化。等时间长度T和带宽F被用作消减噪声和从不同波形中提取PD脉冲(很可能与不同PD源相关)的一种方式。这个对T、F计算的过程如下。首先，脉冲能量规范到1，以使T、F值的尺度不变。
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000012
s记录的脉冲，t为时间，L是观察窗的时间长度，为了计算T脉冲的中心将被计算
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000013
然后可以得到脉冲在时域的标差T
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000014
同样的，可以计算出s在频域的标差F
Figure PCTCN2014093192-appb-000015
其中的参数T、F会受到PD脉冲形状的强烈影响，例如靠近耦合传感器的PD源脉冲会呈现较低的T值和较高的F值。相反，较远的PD源脉冲(例如，测量设备在接头处产生的电晕脉冲)会产生较大的T值和较小的F值。这种特性允许PD脉冲处在不同位置的PD源脉冲变的可以区分。并且，噪声脉冲由于，例如，谐振测试设备的电气开关的动作经常会出现较低的F值。实际上，分别脉冲的过程如下。TF值首先被汇成笛卡尔平面图(TF图谱图)。然后，识别出的相似波形脉冲形成组(簇)在TF频谱图中，具有相似TF值的被分在一组。这个过程所得出的簇被单独计算为一个噪声或一个PD脉冲的一系列脉冲值[32-34]。
通过上述实施例，可以通过沿电缆线路探测不同点的PD脉冲峰值和F值比较分析进行定位。不同位置PD脉冲特性可以通过数据的统计比较得出。具体地，每组记录的局放脉冲可以用平均值标差F和一个高的近似度(这里为98％)的量度分布值来表示。进一步地，使用该方法：1)可以把在不同的地点记录的PD脉冲以T，F值的形式均匀分成组计算；2)可以通过区分数据而识别的每种PD现象，主要以PD源模式特性为参考；3)对于每种PD现象，应绘成一个在不同位置的平均F值和其分布量度的百分数的柱状图(AF图)；4)AF图分析定位：如果此处有着最大的F值和98％的百分幅值(即频域的标差F符合预设的阈值)，那么此处就是PD源位置。
进一步地，使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：获取同一个局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；使用到达时间确定发生局部放电的位置。
根据本发明的上述实施例，可以通过二个或二个以上的传感器从不同的测量位置同时检测取样，通过计算同一个PD信号在不同传感器处的到达时间来定位。如果已知脉冲的传播速度，知道电缆的确切长度，不同的到达时间的就能够计算出PD源的位置，可以精确到几米。
例如，同一个脉冲在三个传感器中探测到，比较脉冲的位置可以得到，接头#3和#5所探测到脉冲几乎是同时到达的，则可以确定PD源在二个接头的中间位置，即接头4。
需要说明的是，在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行，并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
图4是根据本发明实施例的电缆局部放电的检测装置的示意图，如图4所示，该检测装置可以包括：耦合单元10、信号处理单元20以及位置确定单元30。
其中，耦合单元，用于通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号；信号处理单元，用于对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号；位置确定单元，用于使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
采用本发明，通过耦合传感器耦合得到耦合信号，并对信号进行调理分析去除耦合信号中的干扰信号得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号，然后使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。解决了现有技术中的检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，实现了准确监测被测电缆的局部放电的位置的效果。
进一步地，耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
进一步地，耦合单元包括：第一耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到耦合信号，其中，脉冲电流为被测电缆局部放电在被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；第二耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为电感耦合传感器时，电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合该耦合信号；第三耦合模块，用于在耦合传感器为天线接收传感器时，天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到耦合信号，其中，UHF电磁波为被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
进一步地，信号处理单元包括：信号处理模块，用于使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种装置执行对耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号的操作。
进一步地，位置确定单元包括：第一获取模块，用于获取第一脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，第一脉冲为原始脉冲；第二获取模块，用于获取第二脉冲到达被测电缆的测试端的第二时间，其中，第二脉冲为反射脉冲，反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经测试对端发射之后向测试端传播的脉冲；第一确定模块，用于根据第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定局部放电发生的位置。
进一步地，位置确定单元包括：第三获取模块，用于获取多个测量位置的局部放电信号；第二确定模块，用于使用多个局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定局部放电信号在频域的标差；第三确定模块，用于在标差符合预设阈值时，确定标差对应的局部放电信号的测量位置为发生局部放电的位置。
进一步地，位置确定单元可以包括：第四获取模块，用于获取同一个局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；第四确定模块，用于使用到达时间确定发生局部放电的位置。
本实施例中所提供的各个模块与方法实施例对应步骤所提供的使用方法相同、应用场景也可以相同。当然，需要注意的是，上述模块涉及的方案可以不限于上述实施例一中的内容和场景，且上述模块可以运行在计算机终端或移动终端，可以通过软件或硬件实现。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明实现了如下技术效果：
采用本发明，通过耦合传感器耦合得到耦合信号，并对信号进行调理分析去除耦合信号中的干扰信号得到被测电缆上的局部放电信号，然后使用局部放电信号确定被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。解决了现有技术中的检测局部放电的准确性不高的问题，实现了准确监测被测电缆的局部放电的位置的效果。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电缆局部放电的检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号；
    对所述耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到所述被测电缆上的局部放电信号；
    使用所述局部放电信号确定所述被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的检测方法，其特征在于，通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号包括：
    在所述耦合传感器为所述电感耦合传感器时，所述电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到所述耦合信号，其中，所述脉冲电流为所述被测电缆局部放电在所述被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；
    在所述耦合传感器为所述电感耦合传感器时，所述电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合所述耦合信号；
    在所述耦合传感器为所述天线接收传感器时，所述天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到所述耦合信号，其中，所述UHF电磁波为所述被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，对所述耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到所述被测电缆上的局部放电信号包括：
    使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种方法执行对所述耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到所述被测电缆上的所述局部放电信号的操作。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的检测方法，其特征在于，使用所述局部放电信号确定所述被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：
    获取第一脉冲到达所述被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，所述第一脉冲为原始脉冲；
    获取第二脉冲到达所述被测电缆的所述测试端的第二时间，其中，所述第二脉冲为反射脉冲，所述反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经所述测试对端发射之后向所述测试端传播的脉冲；
    根据所述第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定所述局部放电发生的位置。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的检测方法，其特征在于，使用所述局部放电信号确定所述被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：
    获取多个测量位置的所述局部放电信号；
    使用多个所述局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定所述局部放电信号在频域的标差；
    在所述标差符合预设阈值时，确定所述标差对应的所述局部放电信号的所述测量位置为所述发生局部放电的位置。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的检测方法，其特征在于，使用所述局部放电信号确定所述被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置包括：
    获取同一个所述局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；
    使用所述到达时间确定所述发生局部放电的位置。
  8. 一种电缆局部放电的检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    耦合单元，用于通过耦合传感器从被测电缆上耦合得到耦合信号；
    信号处理单元，用于对所述耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到所述被测电缆上的局部放电信号；
    位置确定单元，用于使用所述局部放电信号确定所述被测电缆上发生局部放电的位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述耦合传感器包括电感耦合传感器、电容耦合传感器以及天线接收传感器中的至少之一。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述耦合单元包括：
    第一耦合模块，用于在所述耦合传感器为所述电感耦合传感器时，所述电感耦合传感器感应脉冲电流得到所述耦合信号，其中，所述脉冲电流为所述被测电缆局部放电在所述被测电缆的金属屏蔽层中流过的放电电流；
    第二耦合模块，用于在所述耦合传感器为所述电感耦合传感器时，所述电容耦合传感器通过耦合电容和检测阻抗形成的检测回路耦合所述耦合信号；
    第三耦合模块，用于在所述耦合传感器为所述天线接收传感器时，所述天线接收传感器通过接收UHF电磁波得到所述耦合信号，其中，所述UHF电磁波为所述被测电缆局部放电产生的陡脉冲所激发并传播的电磁波。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述信号处理单元包括：
    信号处理模块，用于使用差分法、极性鉴别法、定向耦合法以及时延分析法中的至少一种装置执行对所述耦合信号进行信号调理分析得到所述被测电缆上的所述局部放电信号的操作。
  12. 根据权利要求8至11中任意一项所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述位置确定单元包括：
    第一获取模块，用于获取第一脉冲到达所述被测电缆的测试端的第一时间，其中，所述第一脉冲为原始脉冲；
    第二获取模块，用于获取第二脉冲到达所述被测电缆的所述测试端的第二时间，其中，所述第二脉冲为反射脉冲，所述反射脉冲为发生局部放电之后想测试对端传播，并经所述测试对端发射之后向所述测试端传播的脉冲；
    第一确定模块，用于根据所述第一时间和第二时间的时间差确定所述局部放电发生的位置。
  13. 根据权利要求8至11中任意一项所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述位置确定单元包括：
    第三获取模块，用于获取多个测量位置的所述局部放电信号；
    第二确定模块，用于使用多个所述局部放电信号的频率分量和时间长度确定所述局部放电信号在频域的标差；
    第三确定模块，用于在所述标差符合预设阈值时，确定所述标差对应的所述局部放电信号的所述测量位置为所述发生局部放电的位置。
  14. 根据权利要求8至11中任意一项所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述位置确定单元包括：
    第四获取模块，用于获取同一个所述局部放电信号在不同的测量位置的到达时间；
    第四确定模块，用于使用所述到达时间确定所述发生局部放电的位置。
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