WO2016019647A1 - 一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置 - Google Patents

一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置 Download PDF

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WO2016019647A1
WO2016019647A1 PCT/CN2014/090724 CN2014090724W WO2016019647A1 WO 2016019647 A1 WO2016019647 A1 WO 2016019647A1 CN 2014090724 W CN2014090724 W CN 2014090724W WO 2016019647 A1 WO2016019647 A1 WO 2016019647A1
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power generation
solar
solar energy
shed
collecting shed
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French (fr)
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陶文铨
何雅玲
丰镇平
曹军骥
黄明华
陈磊
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/60—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
    • H10F77/63—Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new energy utilization, and particularly relates to a solar photovoltaic and solar hot air chimney power generation integrated device capable of efficiently utilizing solar energy.
  • the basic principle of solar hot air chimney power generation is to use solar energy to heat the air in the heat collecting shed to generate a temperature difference, which causes the air density to change and cause convection, so that the hot air flows out of the chimney, so the air heating is more severe, the density difference is larger, and the chimney is more High, the higher the airflow speed, the greater the power generation; the existing hot air chimney power generation various arrangements have a poor heating effect on the airflow, resulting in low power generation efficiency, generally 1-3%, resulting in all so far There is still no hot air chimney power station in the world that has been operating stably for a long time.
  • the 50kW pilot power station built near Mansana Stoudemire in Spain has a solar collector with a diameter of 240m, a solar tower with a height of 195m and a diameter of 10m. After 36 months of successful operation between 1982 and 1986, the tower was blown down in a strong wind and has not been rebuilt so far (Hu Liye, Solar Tower Thermal Air Power Station. Energy Technology, 2006, Vol. 26, Supplement, 91-93); Ten years ago, it was said that New South Wales in southern Australia had to build a 1000-meter-high hot gas chimney power station, but so far no news has been built, which may be related to low power generation efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide an integrated device that simultaneously utilizes solar photovoltaic, solar hot air chimney power generation technology to improve overall power generation efficiency.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention comprises: a bottom surface of a heat collecting shed and a heat collecting shed top cover disposed on a bottom surface of the heat collecting shed, and a gap between the edge of the collecting hood top cover and the bottom surface of the heat collecting shed There is a gap, and a chimney is arranged on the top cover of the collecting shed, a power generating fan is arranged in the outlet of the collecting shed or the chimney, and a solar photovoltaic panel is placed on the top cover of the collecting shed.
  • the solar photovoltaic panel covers the edge of the collector roof; the solar photovoltaic panel covers the entire collector roof; the solar photovoltaic panel has a heat-reducing element fin on the back; The bottom of the collecting shed and the bottom of the collecting shed cover the ground at 360°; the bottom of the collecting shed and the bottom of the collecting shed cover the ground at an angle less than 360°; The circumferential direction is closely connected or divided into fan-shaped areas with a spacing.
  • the invention replaces the glass of the heat collecting shed top cover of the current hot air flow chimney power generating device with part or all of the photovoltaic panel with the heat-reinforcing element on the back side and the like, and the airflow in the greenhouse can cool the photovoltaic cell board, so that the power generation efficiency is high.
  • the bottom surface of the panel can heat the airflow to form a hot airflow to generate electricity, so that the overall efficiency of the entire device is improved.
  • the photovoltaic cell is effectively cooled, and its power generation efficiency can be significantly increased;
  • the land can be effectively utilized, and the photovoltaic panels on the top side of the heat collecting shed receive solar energy to generate electric energy, and the top surface of the collecting shed is the heat dissipating surface of the photovoltaic cell. Heating the airflow in the heat collecting shed.
  • One area of land is used by both solar photovoltaic and hot gas chimneys;
  • the invention can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the solar panel, improve the efficiency and reliability of the power device based on the principle of the solar hot air flow, and has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency and simple structure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the entire structure of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes a bottom surface 1 of a heat collecting shed and a heat collecting shed top cover 3 disposed above the bottom surface 1 of the heat collecting shed.
  • a gap is left between the edge of the heat collecting shed top cover 3 and the bottom surface 1 of the heat collecting shed, and
  • a chimney 4 is arranged on the collecting shed top cover 3, and a power generating fan 5 is arranged in the collecting shed outlet or the chimney 4, and a solar photovoltaic panel is placed on the edge of the collecting shed top cover 3 or the entire collecting shed top cover 3 2.
  • the heat-reducing element fins 6 are provided on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 2.
  • the heat collecting shed top cover 3 and the heat collecting shed bottom surface 1 of the present invention cover the ground at an angle of 360° or less, and the heat collecting shed top cover 3 is closely connected in a circumferential direction or divided into strips with a spacing. Area to facilitate the cleaning of the surface of the solar panel.
  • the invention uses the solar photovoltaic panel 2 with fins 6 on the collector roof 3 to utilize its heat dissipation to heat the airflow entering the heat collecting shed, while improving the solar photovoltaic and hot gas power generation efficiency.
  • the solar radiation passes through the transparent collector roof 3 and is absorbed by the heat absorption layer on the bottom surface of the heat collecting shed.
  • the heat collecting shed can well block the long-wave radiation emitted from the ground.
  • the air entering the shed is heated by the bottom surface of the heat collecting shed.
  • the temperature of the air inside and outside the collecting shed is different, and the density difference causes convection.
  • the hot air continuously enters the chimney 4 in the middle of the collecting shed.
  • the cold air outside the shed enters the heat collecting through the surrounding gap.
  • the shed thus forms a continuous flow of air in the heat collecting shed into the chimney in the radial direction, and the ascending airflow in the chimney 4 drives the power generating fan 5 to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.
  • the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is placed on the top cover 3 of the heat collecting shed to generate a photovoltaic effect under the illumination to generate a voltage, which converts the solar energy into electrical energy.
  • a large amount of thermal energy generated by the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is used to heat the heat collecting.
  • the airflow in the shed forms a hot air stream to generate electricity. Since the airflow in the heat collecting shed absorbs the heat energy of the solar photovoltaic panel 2, cooling it also increases the efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation.
  • the solar photovoltaic cell power generation is 1000W ⁇ m -2 when the solar irradiation intensity is 1000W ⁇ m -2
  • the solar panel temperature can be reduced by about 10 ° C or more, so that the solar panel power generation efficiency is significantly improved; at the same time, the hot gas power generation efficiency is also improved, so that the entire device
  • the power generation is two orders of magnitude higher than the maximum power (50 kW) of a pure hot gas chimney power plant.
  • the chimney Since the amount of heat generated by the hot gas is small compared with the amount of photovoltaic power generation, even if no power generating fan is installed in the chimney or greenhouse, the chimney only functions as a tissue airflow, and the photovoltaic cell generates more electricity than the general photovoltaic panel in the same area. The amount of electricity generated has increased significantly.
  • the technology comprehensively utilizes the characteristics of solar photovoltaic and solar hot air chimney power generation, improves solar energy utilization rate, is green and environmentally friendly, saves land, and has reliable and stable equipment, long service life, simple installation and maintenance, and conforms to the trend of new energy development.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，用太阳能光伏电池板部分或全部代替目前太阳能热气流动力装置的集热棚顶盖的玻璃，则大棚中的气流可以冷却光伏电池板背面，使其发电效率增加，同时电池板背面散热可以加热进入集热棚的气流，这样的结合既可以使得光伏电池得到有效的冷却，使其发电效率显著上升；同时可加热集热棚内气流，形成热气流发电，使整个动力装置效率提高；由于高效利用太阳能可望使集热棚的直径有一定的缩小，减少占地面积。

Description

一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置 技术领域
本发明属于新能源利用领域，具体涉及一种能高效利用太阳能的一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置。
背景技术
太阳能热气流烟囱发电的基本原理是利用太阳能加热集热棚内的空气，产生温差，导致空气密度变化引起对流，使热气流从烟囱中流出，因此空气加热愈厉害，密度差越大，烟囱越高，气流流动速度越大，发电量越大；现有的热气流烟囱发电各种布置方式对气流的加热效果很差，造成发电效率很低，一般在1-3％，致使到目前为止全世界还没有一个热气流烟囱发电站经过长期稳定的运行。西班牙的曼萨纳首斯附近建成的50kW的试验电站，太阳能集热器直径240m，太阳塔高195m，直径10m。1982-1986年间成功地运行了36个月后在一场大风中塔被吹倒至今未能重建(胡立业,太阳能塔热气流发电站.能源技术，2006，26卷增刊，91-93)；十年前就传说澳大利亚南部新南威尔斯州要建塔高1000米的热气流烟囱电站，但至今未见建成消息，可能都与发电效率低有关。尽管如此每年仍有大量关于热气流烟囱发电文献发表，说明全世界都在关注这种发电方式。但以前的研究都致力于在热气流的范围内寻找改进方法未能有任何突破性进展。而太阳能光伏发电作为已经产业化的太阳能利用技术，却因缺少高效而且易于实施的散热方法致使发电效率不高(张晓霞，候镜伟，殷盼盼，张国.太阳能光伏电池在聚光条件下冷却方式的研究，沈阳建筑大学学报，2008，24(6)：1091-1098)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种同时利用太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电技术以提高总体发电效率的集成装置。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：包括集热棚底面以及设置在集热棚底面之上的集热棚顶盖，所述集热棚顶盖边缘与集热棚底面之间留有间隙，且在集热棚顶盖上设置有烟囱，集热棚出口或烟囱内设置有发电风扇，在集热棚顶盖上铺设有太阳能光伏电池板。
所述的太阳能光伏电池板覆盖在集热棚顶盖边缘；所述的太阳能光伏电池板覆盖整个集热棚顶盖；所述的太阳能光伏电池板背面带有强化换热元件翅片；所述的集热棚顶盖和集热棚底面以360°覆盖地面；所述的集热棚顶盖和集热棚底面以一小于360°的某一角度覆盖地面；所述的集热棚顶盖周向紧密连成一片，或分割成带间距的扇形区域。
本发明用背面带翅片等强化换热元件的光伏电池板部分或全部代替目前热气流烟囱发电装置的集热棚顶盖的玻璃，大棚中的气流可以冷却光伏电池板，使其发电效率大增，同时电池板的底面可以加热气流，形成热气流发电，使整个装置的综合效率得到提高。
这样结合有四个明显的优点：
(1)光伏电池得到有效的冷却，其发电效率可显著上升；
(2)大棚中的气流得到加热，可以用来驱动发电风扇；
(3)在相同的发电功率下，土地能得到有效的利用，集热棚顶面朝上部分的光伏电池板接受太阳能，产生电能，集热棚顶面朝下部分是光伏电池的散热面，加热集热棚中的气流。一个面积的土地同时被太阳能光伏和热气流烟囱两种发电方法所利用；
(4)本发明可以有效地提高太阳能电池板发电效率，提高基于太阳能热气流原理的动力装置的效率和可靠性，且具有能源利用效率高、结构简单等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，本发明包括集热棚底面1以及设置在集热棚底面1之上的集热棚顶盖3，集热棚顶盖3边缘与集热棚底面1之间留有间隙，且在集热棚顶盖3上设置有烟囱4，集热棚出口或烟囱4内设置有发电风扇5，在集热棚顶盖3边缘或整个集热棚顶盖3上铺设有太阳能光伏电池板2。在太阳能光伏电池板2背面带有强化换热元件翅片6。
本发明的集热棚顶盖3和集热棚底面1以360°或小于360°的某一角度覆盖地面，且集热棚顶盖3周向紧密连成一片，或分割成带间距的扇形区域，以利于太阳能电池板表面的清洗。
本发明通过在集热棚顶盖3上铺设带翅片6的太阳能光伏电池板2利用其散热来加热进入集热棚的气流，同时提高太阳能光伏和热气流发电效率。
太阳辐射穿过透明的集热棚顶盖3，被集热棚底面1吸热层吸收,同时由于温室作用,集热棚能够很好地阻隔地面发出的长波辐射。进入棚内空气受到集热棚底面1加热使集热棚内外空气温度不同，产生密度差引起对流，热空气不断进入集热棚中部的烟囱4，棚外的冷空气通过四周的间隙进入集热棚,这样就形成了集热棚内空气沿径向汇入烟囱的连续流动，烟囱4中的上升气流推动发电风扇5转动,从而带动发电机发电。同时，在集热棚顶盖3铺设太阳能光伏电池板2在光照下产生光生伏特效应产生电压，把太阳能转变为电能，在此过程中太阳能光伏电池板2产生的大量热能被用来加热集热棚内气流，形成热气流发电。由于集热棚内气流吸走太阳能光伏电池板2的热能，对其进行冷却也使太阳能光伏发电效率提高。
参照文献(Haaf W,Friedrich K,Mayr G,Schlaich J.Solar chimneys.Part I:Principle and  construction of the pilot plant in Manzanares.Int.J.Sust.Energy 1983:2:3-20.)数据模拟西班牙试验电站，将集热棚顶盖的玻璃全部换成太阳能电池板，假设太阳能光伏电池板的发电效率为15％，则太阳辐照强度为1000W·m-2时太阳能光伏电池发电量为
Figure PCTCN2014090724-appb-000001
通过对太阳能电池板背面加强化换热元件，可使太阳能电池板温度降低约10℃或更多，使太阳能电池板发电效率显著提升；同时热气流发电效率也会有所提高，使整个装置的发电功率比纯热气流烟囱电站的最大功率(50kW)有两个数量级的提升。由于热气流的发电量与光伏发电量相比很小，因此即使烟囱或大棚内不设置发电风扇，烟囱只起到组织气流的作用，光伏电池的发电量也比同样面积下的一般光伏电池板发电量有明显的提高。
本技术综合利用太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电的特点，提高太阳能利用率，绿色环保，节约土地，并且设备可靠稳定寿命长、安装维护简便，符合新能源发展的趋势。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：包括集热棚底面(1)以及设置在集热棚底面(1)之上的集热棚顶盖(3)，所述集热棚顶盖(3)边缘与集热棚底面(1)之间留有间隙，且在集热棚顶盖(3)上设置有烟囱(4)，集热棚出口或烟囱(4)内设置有发电风扇(5)，在集热棚顶盖(3)上铺设有太阳能光伏电池板(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的太阳能光伏电池板(2)覆盖在集热棚顶盖(3)边缘。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的太阳能光伏电池板(2)覆盖整个集热棚顶盖(3)。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的太阳能光伏电池板(2)背面带有强化换热元件翅片(6)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的集热棚顶盖(3)和集热棚底面(1)以360°覆盖地面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的集热棚顶盖(3)和集热棚底面(1)以一小于360°的某一角度覆盖地面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置，其特征在于：所述的集热棚顶盖(3)周向紧密连成一片，或分割成带间距的扇形区域。
PCT/CN2014/090724 2014-08-07 2014-11-10 一种太阳能光伏、太阳能热气流烟囱发电集成装置 Ceased WO2016019647A1 (zh)

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