WO2016016777A1 - Système de ventilation et ses composants - Google Patents

Système de ventilation et ses composants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016016777A1
WO2016016777A1 PCT/IB2015/055573 IB2015055573W WO2016016777A1 WO 2016016777 A1 WO2016016777 A1 WO 2016016777A1 IB 2015055573 W IB2015055573 W IB 2015055573W WO 2016016777 A1 WO2016016777 A1 WO 2016016777A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
turbine
inlet
ventilation
fan
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/055573
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jacobus Johannes SWIEGERS
Original Assignee
Stellenbosch University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stellenbosch University filed Critical Stellenbosch University
Publication of WO2016016777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016016777A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • F05B2240/9112—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose which is a building
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ventilation system and components thereof and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a natural circulation ventilation system that is generally independent of any energy input other than renewable energy.
  • the invention relates to a ventilation system in which a flow of air through an enclosed space is created using primarily renewable energy.
  • wind activated turbines in some instances operating in conjunction with the so-called chimney effect, in order to remove stale or hot air from a particular enclosed habitable space.
  • wind activated turbines are, at least for the most part, employed solely to remove stale and hot air with replacement air being drawn in by way of separate air inlets.
  • HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
  • a ventilation inlet for an enclosed space wherein the ventilation inlet is optionally convertible between a ventilation inlet and a ventilation outlet configuration, the ventilation inlet having an elevated wind operated turbine and a single duct communicating between an elevated air inlet and a lower air discharge opening and wherein a fan is coupled to rotate in direct response to rotation of the turbine with the fan being arranged within the duct and being configured to move air within the duct downwards towards the lower air discharge opening.
  • the wind operated turbine to be a vertical axis wind turbine such as those known as Savonius, Darrieus, and Giromill turbines, cycloturbines as well as modified types of vertical axis wind turbines having helically extending blades or blades following an otherwise twisted path that serves to even out torque developed over a revolution of a vertical axis wind turbine; for the wind turbine to have two, three, four or more blades each of which may present a concave face and a convex face or may be of aerofoil shape in cross- section; for the fan to be either secured to a shaft rotated directly by a vertical axis wind turbine so that it rotates in unison therewith or for the fan to be coupled to the turbine by way of gears providing for a reduction or increase in the speed of rotation of the turbine; for fixed generally upright wind deflectors to project obliquely in plan view outwards from the vertical axis wind turbine such that they are orientated to deflect wind towards the blade
  • a natural ventilation system associated with an enclosed space wherein an air inlet to the enclosed space is provided with an air inlet as defined above and an air outlet from the enclosed space is provided such that air entering by way of the air inlet passes through the enclosed space in flowing from the air inlet to the air outlet.
  • the air outlet to be solar assisted by virtue of a solar chimney having a suitable surface directed in the general direction of sunshine; and for the air outlet to be fitted with a wind operated turbine assembly of the general nature defined above in its outlet configuration so that the turbine fan moves air up and out of the outlet.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional illustration showing a vertical axis wind turbine in the form of a Savonius wind turbine that was used for test purposes on the outside of a roof;
  • Figure 2 is an offset underneath three-dimensional illustration of the Savonius wind turbine and fan assembly
  • Figure 3 is an exploded three-dimensional illustration of the Savonius wind turbine and fan assembly
  • Figure 4 is a schematic elevation of an inlet according to the invention including an evaporative cooling assembly
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an enclosed space in the form of a habitable room ventilated by means of the ventilation system provided by the invention
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the volumetric flow rate of air in an inlet at two different conditions.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the variation in temperature at different points in the inlet under different wind conditions.
  • a ventilation inlet for an enclosed space comprises a vertical axis wind turbine in the form of a Savonius wind turbine (1 ) having four equally angularly spaced upright curved blades each of part circular shape, in this instance semi-circular shape, in horizontal cross-section so as to present a vertically extending concave face (2) on one side thereof and a convex face (3) on the other side thereof.
  • the concave faces of all of the curved blades face in the same angular direction relative to an axis of rotation of a vertical central shaft (4) of the turbine blade assembly, as will be quite apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the actual construction of the vertical axis wind turbine is not of any consequence and the Savonius wind turbine has a construction that is favourable towards the production of prototypes. Any other type of wind turbine can be used as will be quite clear from what is stated above.
  • the blades could follow a generally helical or twisted path.
  • the upright semi-circular cross-sectioned shape could be bent to form a helical semi-circular shape which could be employed to assist in pushing air into, or pulling air out of, an open end of a duct, depending of the angle of bend.
  • wind deflectors (5) project obliquely in plan view from a frame (6) of the vertical axis wind turbine such that they are orientated to deflect wind towards, in this instance, the concave faces of the curved blades.
  • the arrangement is such that wind is channelled towards the concave faces of the curved blades to enhance the effect of the wind on the blades.
  • the structure described above may be made from aluminium, which is light in weight and will not put undue strain on a roof structure. Alternatively, it may be made of a suitably strong stainless steel or even a suitably strong and durable plastic composite.
  • the ventilation inlet assembly may consist of few components and may be designed to be easy to assemble and disassemble.
  • the ventilation inlet thus has an elevated vertical axis wind turbine mounted, for example, on a roof (7), or alternatively at the top of a chimney, and a single duct (8) communicates between the turbine at an upper air and a lower air discharge opening (9).
  • the vertical axis wind turbine has a round roof (10) to protect the assembly against rain. Alternatively, any other structure effective to combat rain may be used.
  • a fan (12) is rotatable by the vertical axis wind turbine, in one instance by being secured to a common shaft rotated directly by the turbine so as to be rotatable in unison with fan and the turbine shaft.
  • the fan may be coupled to the turbine by way of gears providing for a reduction or increase in the speed of rotation with the fan being arranged within the duct (8) and being configured to move air within the duct downwards towards the lower air discharge opening (9).
  • gears providing for a reduction or increase in the speed of rotation with the fan being arranged within the duct (8) and being configured to move air within the duct downwards towards the lower air discharge opening (9).
  • An evaporative cooling assembly (13) is installed within the duct, or in-line with the duct, such that air passing through the duct may, in the presence of water, be subjected to evaporative cooling.
  • An evaporation cartridge used for this purpose may consist of concentric evaporator pads (14) which are held in position relative to each other by steel wiring.
  • the cartridge may be wetted with water from a reservoir (15) that could be fitted onto a roof of a chosen building in which the system is installed.
  • the reservoir could be filled with rain water or by a natural water pump or by a conventional water pump (not shown).
  • a natural ventilation system associated with an enclosed space (21 ) wherein an air discharge opening (9) to the enclosed space is associated with an air inlet as described above.
  • An air outlet (23) from the enclosed space is provided at a position removed from the air inlet such that air entering by way of the air discharge opening (9) must pass through the enclosed space in flowing from the air discharge opening (9) to the air outlet.
  • the air outlet may be solar assisted by virtue of a solar chimney (24) having a suitable external surface (25) directed in the general direction of the usual source of sunshine. In the northern hemisphere such a direction would be generally south and in the southern hemisphere would be generally north.
  • the air outlet is preferably fitted with a wind operated turbine assembly (26) of the general nature described above but converted to its outlet configuration so that the fan moves air up and out of the outlet rather than downwards and into the enclosed space.
  • a wind operated turbine assembly (26) of the general nature described above but converted to its outlet configuration so that the fan moves air up and out of the outlet rather than downwards and into the enclosed space.
  • This can be achieved simply by reversing the inclination of the fan blades.
  • it can be achieved using the same fan and reversing the angular direction in which the curved Savonius turbine blades and the wind deflectors are directed so that the direction of rotation is reversed.
  • air enters the air inlet; passes through the evaporative cooler; and enters the enclosed space. It passes through the enclosed space and out through the outlet.
  • the fan in conjunction with the vertical axis wind turbine increases volumetric flow rate of air through the inlet and into the enclosed space.
  • an increased volumetric flow rate is often required in natural circulation ventilation systems as buoyancy forces alone may be insufficient to reach a required volumetric flow rate for the recommended changes of a volume of air within the enclosed space within a particular period of time.
  • the turbine fan inlet configuration has been designed with natural ventilation systems in mind. Natural ventilation systems generally have slower moving air, when compared with conventional heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, because it uses, at least to some extent, buoyancy effects to move air through an enclosed living space.
  • HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
  • PDEC passive downdraught evaporative cooling
  • the cartridge may be made from 100% cotton, because of its wettability. Evaporation from the cartridge to surrounding air increases the relative humidity and decreases the dry bulb temperature. The colder air tends to sink down the downdraught evaporative cooling shaft.
  • the volumetric flow rate of air moving through the downdraught evaporative cooling duct is dependent on the availability of water and would therefore be zero if no water is available and the Savonius wind turbine is inoperative due to there being an absence of wind. Most commonly there would be a combination effect.
  • Figure 6 is a set of graphs showing the volumetric flow rate of air over a range of different wind speeds for a simple open ended chimney; a chimney fitted with the turbine fan inlet according to the invention with the evaporative cooler in a dry condition; and a chimney fitted with the turbine fan inlet according to the invention with the evaporative cooler in a wetted condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bouche de ventilation pour un espace clos qui peut adopter une configuration d'entrée de ventilation ou de sortie de ventilation. Une turbine actionnée par le vent placée dans une position élevée est accouplée à un ventilateur de telle sorte qu'il tourne en réaction directe à la rotation de la turbine. Le ventilateur est disposé à l'intérieur d'un conduit et est configuré pour déplacer de l'air à l'intérieur du conduit vers le bas ou vers le haut dans une direction allant vers ou s'éloignant d'une ouverture de rejet d'air inférieure. Un conduit unique relie une entrée d'air en position élevée et une ouverture de rejet d'air inférieure. Un système de ventilation naturelle est également décrit, dans lequel un espace clos comporte une bouche d'air comprenant une telle entrée d'air et une sortie d'air est prévue de sorte que l'air entrant par le biais de l'entrée d'air traverse l'espace clos en s'écoulant de l'ouverture de rejet d'air à la sortie d'air.
PCT/IB2015/055573 2014-07-29 2015-07-23 Système de ventilation et ses composants WO2016016777A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201405574 2014-07-29
ZA2014/05574 2014-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016016777A1 true WO2016016777A1 (fr) 2016-02-04

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2015/055573 WO2016016777A1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2015-07-23 Système de ventilation et ses composants

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016016777A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105840526A (zh) * 2016-05-19 2016-08-10 东华大学 一种可发电的太阳能雨帽式排风装置
WO2018128148A1 (fr) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-12 グエン チー カンパニー リミテッド Dispositif de climatisation
GB2581042A (en) * 2017-11-16 2020-08-05 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Multiple tubing-side antennas or casing-side antennas for maintaining communication in a wellbore
WO2021096437A1 (fr) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-20 Saritas Serkan Éolienne turbo-réacteur
CN113315011A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-27 张淑荣 一种电力配电柜

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030190883A1 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Shockey Donald Wayne Turbine ventilator
US20090279254A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Heat dissipating structure
US20110201264A1 (en) 2008-02-28 2011-08-18 Thor Hendrickson Passive Heat Recovery & Ventilation System
WO2012000040A1 (fr) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Sebastian Wojnar Dispositif d'écoulement d'air pour turbine éolienne
US20130049373A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Tsung Chieh LEE Vertical wind turbine generator with ventilator
CN203272024U (zh) * 2013-04-27 2013-11-06 沈阳华创风能有限公司 一种采用蒸发冷却的风力发电机组
US20140105743A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2014-04-17 Clifford E. Bassett Conical fan assembly for use in a wind turbine for the generation of power

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030190883A1 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Shockey Donald Wayne Turbine ventilator
US20110201264A1 (en) 2008-02-28 2011-08-18 Thor Hendrickson Passive Heat Recovery & Ventilation System
US20090279254A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Heat dissipating structure
US20140105743A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2014-04-17 Clifford E. Bassett Conical fan assembly for use in a wind turbine for the generation of power
WO2012000040A1 (fr) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Sebastian Wojnar Dispositif d'écoulement d'air pour turbine éolienne
US20130049373A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Tsung Chieh LEE Vertical wind turbine generator with ventilator
CN203272024U (zh) * 2013-04-27 2013-11-06 沈阳华创风能有限公司 一种采用蒸发冷却的风力发电机组

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105840526A (zh) * 2016-05-19 2016-08-10 东华大学 一种可发电的太阳能雨帽式排风装置
WO2018128148A1 (fr) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-12 グエン チー カンパニー リミテッド Dispositif de climatisation
GB2581042A (en) * 2017-11-16 2020-08-05 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Multiple tubing-side antennas or casing-side antennas for maintaining communication in a wellbore
GB2581042B (en) * 2017-11-16 2022-06-15 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Multiple tubing-side antennas or casing-side antennas for maintaining communication in a wellbore
WO2021096437A1 (fr) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-20 Saritas Serkan Éolienne turbo-réacteur
CN113315011A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-27 张淑荣 一种电力配电柜

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