WO2016015603A1 - 锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具 - Google Patents

锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015603A1
WO2016015603A1 PCT/CN2015/085029 CN2015085029W WO2016015603A1 WO 2016015603 A1 WO2016015603 A1 WO 2016015603A1 CN 2015085029 W CN2015085029 W CN 2015085029W WO 2016015603 A1 WO2016015603 A1 WO 2016015603A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer casing
lithium battery
valve
battery
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/085029
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙延先
任宁
李爱明
杨晓旭
张海飞
Original Assignee
浙江超威创元实业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410369483.2A external-priority patent/CN104218200B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369664.5A external-priority patent/CN104218194B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369631.0A external-priority patent/CN104241565A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369744.0A external-priority patent/CN104218202B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369915.XA external-priority patent/CN104218203B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369521.4A external-priority patent/CN104218201B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410369438.7A external-priority patent/CN104218193B/zh
Application filed by 浙江超威创元实业有限公司 filed Critical 浙江超威创元实业有限公司
Priority to US15/327,893 priority Critical patent/US10319970B2/en
Priority to EP15827608.9A priority patent/EP3176847B1/en
Publication of WO2016015603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015603A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A62C99/0027—Carbon dioxide extinguishers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H01M50/333—Spring-loaded vent valves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a lithium battery and an electric vehicle using the same.
  • lithium batteries Due to the non-renewable energy crisis and serious environmental pollution, the world has accelerated the development of green and high-performance lithium batteries.
  • the application of lithium batteries extends from the field of digital products to the fields of transportation power, energy storage, aerospace, communication backup power, etc.
  • the demand for batteries has also grown from a few hundred milliampere-hours to hundreds or even thousands of amps. With the increase in capacity, security issues will be more difficult to control. Therefore, the safety of high-capacity lithium batteries is now studied by many companies. The subject, if it can solve the worldwide problem of lithium battery fire and explosion, the application of lithium battery will enter a faster and broader development stage.
  • Cide application CN102044715A discloses a lithium battery explosion-proof device, which comprises a lithium battery case, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a rubber sheet.
  • the lithium battery case is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole is covered and fixed.
  • the rubber sheet and the rubber sheet have a thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • the injection liquid and the nitrogen gas are injected into the battery without separately opening the liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole and the explosion-proof valve are integrated into one body, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the processing is convenient and the operation is simple;
  • the electrolyte and nitrogen gas are injected into the rubber sheet through the needle tube, and after the needle is pulled out, the pinhole is closed by the elasticity of the rubber sheet, so that the electrolyte and the nitrogen gas do not leak, and the lithium battery works normally.
  • the invention is applicable to lithium batteries of various shapes and thicknesses.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the defects of the existing fire-proof and explosion-proof measures of the lithium battery, which can not completely solve the problem of fire and explosion caused by short circuit, poor heat dissipation and the like, and provide a lithium battery and application for strengthening the fireproof and explosion-proof function of the lithium battery fire and explosion cause.
  • the electric vehicle of the lithium battery is to overcome the defects of the existing fire-proof and explosion-proof measures of the lithium battery, which can not completely solve the problem of fire and explosion caused by short circuit, poor heat dissipation and the like, and provide a lithium battery and application for strengthening the fireproof and explosion-proof function of the lithium battery fire and explosion cause.
  • the invention provides a lithium battery comprising a battery core set and an outer casing, wherein the battery core group is disposed in the outer casing, wherein a fire extinguishing material layer is disposed between the electric core group and the outer casing, and the outer casing is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle, wherein the battery in the electric vehicle is the above-described lithium battery provided by the present invention.
  • the fire extinguishing material absorbs heat during the reaction, and
  • the heat energy generated by the lithium battery absorbs the effect of suppressing the rapid rise of temperature; on the other hand, the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of the fire extinguishing material gradually displaces the oxygen inside the battery, thereby eliminating the elements supporting the combustion of the battery, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing combustion.
  • the technical solution of the present invention can effectively prevent the lithium battery from being fired and exploded, and greatly improve the safety of use of the lithium battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the lithium battery provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the lithium battery provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a preferred structure of the pressure relief valve
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a lithium battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another perspective structure of the lithium battery provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an assembled state of the lithium battery provided by the present invention.
  • 1-cell group 2-cell sheath, 3-shell, 4-pressure relief valve, 5-valve body, 6-valve block, 7-valve cover, 8-through hole, 9-valve chamber, 10- Elastic part, 11 - fire extinguishing material layer, 12 - insulation layer.
  • the lithium battery provided by the present invention comprises a battery pack 1 and an outer casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein a fire extinguishing material is disposed between the battery pack 1 and the outer casing 3.
  • the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the fire extinguishing material layer 11 functions to absorb heat energy and react when the temperature of the battery of the lithium battery increases, and generate a gas such as carbon dioxide that inhibits combustion, thereby preventing the lithium battery from being activated.
  • the material of the fire extinguishing material layer 11 may be selected from a fire extinguishing material capable of generating an endothermic reaction and generating carbon dioxide.
  • the fire extinguishing material is selected from the group consisting of hydrogencarbonates. When the hydrogencarbonate is heated, a self-decomposition reaction can occur to generate carbon dioxide, and this reaction is an endothermic reaction, which is in accordance with the working requirements of the device.
  • bicarbonate as a fire extinguishing material can be carried out using only a single material, and it is convenient to install and store in a battery.
  • the hydrogencarbonate is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the hydrogencarbonate is preferably used in the form of a powder.
  • the lithium battery may further include a cell sheath 2 placed in the outer casing 3.
  • the battery pack 1 is placed in the cell sheath 2
  • the fire extinguishing material layer 11 is located between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3.
  • the material of the cell sheath 2 may be ABS plastic or aluminum. ABS plastic has good flame retardant properties, and can effectively prevent the fire from expanding even when the battery pack is burned, and suppress the occurrence of more serious conditions, and thus is suitable for forming the battery core sheath 2.
  • Aluminum has a good thermal conductivity, which can fully derive the heat generated by the battery pack and allow the fire extinguishing material to be accepted, so that the fire extinguishing material can absorb enough heat and decompose; and the price of aluminum relative to other materials with good thermal conductivity It is cheaper and has a lower density, and is lighter after being formed into a part, which is advantageous for weight reduction of the entire battery, and thus aluminum is a more preferable material for forming the core sheath 2.
  • a shock absorbing flame retardant material is filled between the battery core group 1 and the battery core sheath 2.
  • the shock absorbing and flame retardant material can weaken the external impact introduced by the battery carrier due to the bad environment, better maintain the stability of the battery core group 1, avoid short circuit caused by severe vibration, and simultaneously dampen the flame retardant of the flame retardant material. Performance also helps to prevent accidental fires in the battery pack 1 hazard expansion.
  • the shock absorbing flame retardant material is selected from the group consisting of silica gel and flame retardant nitrile chlorinated fibers.
  • the shock absorbing flame retardant material is silica gel.
  • Silica gel has good fluidity, low viscosity, insulation property, waterproof and moisture resistance, flame retardant performance and good physical and mechanical properties. It has good operability and is suitable for shock absorption and flame retardancy of battery internal battery group.
  • the inner surface of the outer casing 3 is provided with a heat insulating layer 12, that is, at the fire extinguishing material layer 11 and A heat insulating layer 12 is disposed between the outer casings 3.
  • a heat insulating layer 12 is silica or asbestos, and most preferably silicon dioxide having good heat insulating properties.
  • the lithium battery further includes a pressure relief valve 4 disposed in cooperation with the dredging hole.
  • a pressure relief valve 4 disposed in cooperation with the dredging hole.
  • the pressure relief valve 4 can also serve as a leakage passage for a small amount of air entering the inside of the outer casing 3 when the battery is assembled. Under the displacement of carbon dioxide generated continuously in the outer casing 3, the original air is gradually evacuated without oxygen. The battery cell group 1 does not burn, thereby playing a flame retardant effect.
  • the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 that is coupled to each other and a valve cover 7 having a through hole 8, and the valve body 5 is provided with a communication hole in the housing.
  • the valve chamber 9 is provided with a resilient member 10 on the bottom surface thereof.
  • One end of the elastic member 10 is connected to the valve cover 7 and the other end is connected to the valve block 6.
  • the valve block 6 and the valve chamber 9 are matched with each other and are elastic. The spring force exerted by the component 10 causes the valve block 6 to enter and exit the valve chamber 9 to form a seal and vent.
  • valve body 5 in the pressure relief valve 4, the valve body 5 is screwed to the valve cover 7, the center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8, and the valve body 5 is provided with a large upper and lower cone.
  • the valve-shaped valve chamber 9 and the movable valve block 6 are also in the shape of a truncated cone and are slidably disposed in the valve chamber 9.
  • the taper of the movable valve block 6 is substantially equal to the taper of the valve chamber 9, and the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6 are
  • a compression spring 10 ie, an elastic member
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the diameter of the central through hole 8.
  • the compression spring 10 is selected to have a suitable specification.
  • the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 reaches a certain pressure, the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 of the movable valve block 6 can just overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 in the natural state, the movable valve block 6 is pressed by the compression spring 10, pressed into the valve chamber 9, and the valve chamber 9 is closed.
  • the air pressure inside the outer casing 3 is increased, the movable valve block 6 is finally opened outward due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the outer casing 3, and the sealing of the valve chamber 9 is released, so that excessive pressure inside the outer casing 3 is released.
  • the internal pressure of the battery is at a safe level and reduce the risk of explosion.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the decomposition of the fire extinguishing material produces a density of carbon dioxide that is greater than the density of air under the same conditions, and the carbon dioxide is more likely to sink to the bottom of the outer casing 3, thereby squeezing the original air into the top of the outer casing, thereby providing a clearing at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the hole is more conducive to the rapid emptying of the original air.
  • the newly formed carbon dioxide storage forming an oxygen-deficient environment inside the battery to better achieve the purpose of fire-retardant and fireproof.
  • the outer casing 3 is preferably made of aluminum.
  • the density of aluminum is small, and the finished casing is lighter than iron, lead alloy, etc., which is advantageous for the overall weight reduction of the battery.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle in which the above-described lithium battery provided by the present invention is used.
  • the electric vehicle may be, for example, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric car, or the like.
  • the lithium battery includes a battery pack 1 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in the casing 3, wherein the battery pack 1
  • the gap with the outer casing 3 is filled with a fire extinguishing material (i.e., the fire extinguishing material layer 11) capable of generating an endothermic reaction upon heating and generating carbon dioxide, and the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the fire extinguishing material is preferably a hydrogencarbonate, and more preferably at least one of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7
  • the center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6. The one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7.
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 and the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 also rise, and when it is raised to a certain temperature (for example, using sodium hydrogencarbonate as a fire extinguishing material) At the same time, 50 ° C), the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction to generate carbon dioxide, and the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10. , the active valve block 6 is separated Originally, the position with the valve chamber 9 is such that there is a gap between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve is provided.
  • the internal pressure of the battery core becomes large, the battery core is broken, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the battery core is sprayed out of the casing through the dredging hole under the action of the internal pressure, thereby reducing the heat source inside the casing;
  • the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction, decomposes and generates carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition process is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat energy during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3, and the generated carbon dioxide is mixed into the outer casing 3 After the original air, the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, the oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the dredging hole, and the inside of the outer casing 3 is isolated from the external oxygen.
  • the carbon dioxide Since the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, the original small amount of air inside the outer casing 3 is gradually Draining, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally drained, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide, no With oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the heat source ejected from the dredging holes is doped with carbon dioxide, which greatly reduces the risk of ejecting the heat source.
  • the lithium battery comprises a battery pack 1, a battery sheath 2 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in a battery sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein the gap between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3 is filled with a fire extinguishing material (ie, the fire extinguishing material layer 11) capable of generating an endothermic reaction upon heating and generating carbon dioxide.
  • the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the fire extinguishing material is preferably a hydrogencarbonate, and more preferably at least one of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7 The center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6. The one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7. The outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum.
  • the temperature inside the cell sheath 2 gradually rises, and the cell sheath 2 can quickly conduct the heat outward, and the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 and the outer casing. 3
  • the internal air pressure also rises.
  • a certain temperature such as 50 ° C when sodium bicarbonate is used as the fire extinguishing material
  • the fire extinguishing material begins to react chemically to generate carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is a suction. The thermal process continuously consumes heat during the thermal decomposition process, which suppresses the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve may be provided.
  • the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 is When gradually rising to a certain temperature, the internal material of the battery reacts, causing the internal pressure of the battery to become large, the battery core is broken, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the battery core is ejected through the dredging hole under the action of internal pressure.
  • the heat source inside the casing is reduced; at the same time, the internal temperature of the casing 3 rises, the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction, decomposes and generates Carbon dioxide, the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat energy during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3, and the generated air gas is mixed into the original air in the outer casing 3, and the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased. Oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the unblocking hole, and the inside of the casing 3 is isolated from the outside oxygen.
  • the lithium battery comprises a battery pack 1, a battery sheath 2 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in a battery sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein the gap between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3 is filled with a fire extinguishing material (ie, the fire extinguishing material layer 11) capable of generating an endothermic reaction and generating carbon dioxide, and the battery core
  • a fire extinguishing material ie, the fire extinguishing material layer 11
  • the gap between the sheath 2 and the cell group 1 is filled with a damping flame retardant material
  • the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the fire extinguishing material is preferably a hydrogencarbonate, and more preferably at least one of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7 The center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6.
  • the one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7.
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum.
  • the shock absorbing flame retardant material is preferably silica gel.
  • the temperature inside the cell sheath 2 gradually rises, and the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 and the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 also rise, and rise to a certain temperature.
  • sodium bicarbonate as a fire extinguishing material, At 50 ° C), the fire extinguishing material begins to react chemically to generate carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3. After the generated carbon dioxide is mixed into the original air in the outer casing 3, the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 When the air pressure in the outer casing 3 reaches two atmospheric pressures, the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide.
  • the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the shock absorbing and flame retardant material can weaken the external impact introduced by the battery carrier due to the bad environment, better maintain the stability of the battery core group, avoid short circuit caused by severe vibration, and simultaneously dampen the flame retardant property of the flame retardant material. It also helps to prevent the explosion of battery packs that are unexpectedly caught.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve may be provided.
  • the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 is When gradually rising to a certain temperature, the internal material of the battery reacts, causing the internal pressure of the battery to become large, the battery core is broken, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the battery core is ejected through the dredging hole under the action of internal pressure.
  • the heat source inside the casing is reduced; at the same time, the internal temperature of the casing 3 rises, the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction, decomposes and generates carbon dioxide, and the thermal decomposition is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat energy during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress
  • the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 rises rapidly, and after the generated carbon dioxide is mixed into the original air in the outer casing 3, the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, the oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the unblocking hole, and the inside of the outer casing 3 is isolated from the external oxygen, due to the continuous carbon dioxide.
  • the lithium battery comprises a battery pack 1, a battery sheath 2 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in a battery sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein a heat insulating layer 12 is disposed between the outer casing 3 and the cell sheath 2, and a gap between the cell sheath 2 and the heat insulating layer 12 is filled with a fire extinguishing material (ie, The fire extinguishing material layer 11) is provided with a dredging hole in the outer casing 3.
  • a fire extinguishing material ie, The fire extinguishing material layer 11
  • the fire extinguishing material is preferably a hydrogencarbonate, and more preferably at least one of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7 The center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6.
  • the one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7.
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum.
  • the material of the heat insulating layer 12 is preferably silica.
  • the temperature inside the cell sheath 2 gradually rises, and due to the barrier of the heat insulating layer 12, heat energy is not easily dissipated, and the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 and the inside of the outer casing 3 are The air pressure also rises.
  • a certain temperature such as 50 ° C when sodium bicarbonate is used as the fire extinguishing material
  • the fire extinguishing material begins to react chemically to generate carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is an endothermic process. The heat energy is continuously consumed during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve may be provided.
  • the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 is When gradually rising to a certain temperature, the internal material of the battery reacts, causing the internal pressure of the battery to become large, the battery core is broken, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the battery core is ejected through the dredging hole under the action of internal pressure.
  • the heat source inside the casing is reduced; at the same time, the internal temperature of the casing 3 rises, the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction, decomposes and generates carbon dioxide, and the thermal decomposition is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat energy during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress
  • the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 rises rapidly, and after the generated carbon dioxide is mixed into the original air in the outer casing 3, the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, the oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the unblocking hole, and the inside of the outer casing 3 is isolated from the external oxygen, due to the continuous carbon dioxide.
  • the lithium battery comprises a battery pack 1, a battery sheath 2 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in a battery sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein the gap between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3 is filled with a fire extinguishing material (ie, the fire extinguishing material layer 11) capable of generating an endothermic reaction and generating carbon dioxide, and the outer casing 3
  • a fire extinguishing material ie, the fire extinguishing material layer 11
  • a heat insulating layer 12 is disposed between the inner surface and the fire extinguishing material layer 11.
  • the gap between the battery core sheath 2 and the battery core group 1 is filled with a damping flame retardant material, and the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the fire extinguishing material is preferably a hydrogencarbonate, and more preferably at least one of sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, further preferably As shown in FIG.
  • the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, a valve cover 7 is screwed on the valve body 5, and a central through hole 8 is provided in the center of the valve cover 7, and the valve body 5 is inside.
  • the valve body 9 is provided with a large and small frustum shape.
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve chamber 9.
  • a pressure spring 10 is arranged between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6. One end of the spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7, and the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the diameter of the central through hole 8.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum.
  • the shock absorbing flame retardant material is preferably silica gel.
  • the material of the heat insulating layer 12 is preferably silica. According to this embodiment, when the lithium battery generates heat due to a short circuit or the like during the working process, the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 gradually rises, and due to the barrier of the heat insulating layer, the heat energy is not easily dissipated, the internal temperature of the outer casing 3, and the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 It also rises. When it rises to a certain temperature (such as 50 ° C when sodium bicarbonate is used as the fire extinguishing material), the fire extinguishing material begins to react chemically to generate carbon dioxide.
  • a certain temperature such as 50 ° C when sodium bicarbonate is used as the fire extinguishing material
  • the thermal decomposition of the fire extinguishing material is an endothermic process.
  • the heat energy is continuously consumed during the thermal decomposition process, which suppresses the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the shock absorbing and flame retardant material can weaken the external impact introduced by the battery carrier due to the bad environment, better maintain the stability of the battery core group, avoid short circuit caused by severe vibration, and simultaneously dampen the flame retardant property of the flame retardant material. It also helps to prevent the explosion of battery packs that are unexpectedly caught.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve may be provided.
  • the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 is When the temperature rises gradually to a certain temperature, the inside of the cell The substance reacts and causes the internal pressure of the cell to become large, the cell breaks, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the cell is discharged outside the casing through the dredging hole under the action of the internal pressure, thereby reducing the heat source inside the casing; At the same time, the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 rises, the fire extinguishing material begins to undergo a chemical reaction, decomposes and generates carbon dioxide, which is an endothermic process, which continuously consumes heat energy during the thermal decomposition process, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3, and the carbon dioxide generated.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the unblocking hole, and the inside of the outer casing 3 is isolated from the external oxygen, and the original small amount inside the outer casing 3 is generated due to the continuous generation of carbon dioxide.
  • the air is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for burning the electric core group, thereby achieving resistance.
  • the purpose of fire prevention is to avoid more serious safety accidents.
  • the heat source ejected from the dredging holes is doped with carbon dioxide, which greatly reduces the risk of ejecting the heat source.
  • the lithium battery comprises a battery pack 1, a battery sheath 2 and a casing 3, and the battery pack 1 is placed in a battery sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein the gap between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3 is filled with bicarbonate powder (as the fire extinguishing material layer 11), the cell sheath 2 and the battery core group
  • the gap of 1 is filled with silica gel (as a damping flame retardant material)
  • the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7
  • the center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6. The one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7.
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum. According to the specific embodiment, when the lithium battery generates heat due to a short circuit or the like during the working process, the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 gradually rises, and the internal temperature of the outer casing 3 and the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 also follow As the temperature rises to 50 ° C, sodium bicarbonate begins to chemically react and decompose into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate is an endothermic process, which consumes heat during the thermal decomposition process, which can inhibit the outer shell. 3 The internal temperature rises rapidly.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • the carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is finally exhausted, and the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • the silica gel can weaken the external impact introduced by the battery carrier due to the bad environment, better maintain the stability of the battery core group, avoid short circuit caused by severe vibration, and serve as a damping flame retardant material.
  • the top cover of the outer casing 3 may be provided with only a dredging hole, and no pressure relief valve may be provided.
  • the temperature inside the battery sheath 2 is When gradually rising to a certain temperature, the internal material of the battery reacts, causing the internal pressure of the battery to become large, the battery core is broken, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the battery core is ejected through the dredging hole under the action of internal pressure.
  • the heat source inside the shell is reduced; at the same time, the internal temperature of the shell 3 rises, sodium bicarbonate begins to chemically react, and decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate is an endothermic process in the thermal decomposition process.
  • the heat energy is continuously consumed, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, and the oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the unblocking hole, and the inside of the outer casing 3 is removed.
  • the lithium battery includes a battery core group 1, a battery core sheath 2, and a casing 3, and the battery core group 1 is placed in a battery core sheath.
  • the cell sheath 2 is placed in the outer casing 3, wherein the gap between the cell sheath 2 and the outer casing 3 is filled with bicarbonate powder (as the fire extinguishing material layer 11), and the inner surface of the outer casing 3 and the bicarbonate powder Silica (as the heat insulating layer 12) is disposed between, and the outer casing 3 is provided with a dredging hole.
  • the dredging hole is preferably provided at the top of the outer casing 3.
  • the relief hole is preferably provided with a pressure relief valve 4, and further preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressure relief valve 4 includes a valve body 5 and a movable valve block 6, and the valve body 5 is screwed with a valve cover 7
  • the center of the valve cover 7 is provided with a central through hole 8 .
  • the valve body 5 is provided with a large and small frustum-shaped valve cavity 9 .
  • the movable valve block 6 is also in the shape of a truncated cone and is slidably disposed in the valve cavity 9 .
  • a pressure spring 10 is disposed between the valve cover 7 and the movable valve block 6. The one end of the compression spring 10 is hooked on the movable valve block 6, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the valve cover 7.
  • the outer diameter of the compression spring 10 is larger than the central through hole 8. diameter.
  • the cell sheath 2 is preferably made of ABS plastic or aluminum. According to this embodiment, when the lithium ion battery generates heat due to a short circuit or the like during operation, the temperature inside the cell sheath 2 gradually rises, and the heat is not easily dissipated due to the barrier of the silicon dioxide as the heat insulating layer, and the outer casing 3 The internal temperature and the internal pressure of the outer casing 3 also rise. When the temperature reaches 50 °C, sodium bicarbonate begins to react chemically and decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate is an endothermic process in the thermal decomposition process.
  • the heat is continuously consumed, which suppresses the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased.
  • the movable valve block 6 can be pushed by the air pressure in the outer casing 3 to overcome the elastic force rise of the compression spring 10.
  • the movable valve block 6 is separated from the original position with the valve chamber 9, and a gap exists between the movable valve block 6 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber 9, and the internal air pressure of the outer casing 3 can be leaked through the gap until the air pressure in the outer casing 3 falls back to Below two atmospheric pressures.
  • Carbon dioxide is continuously generated, and a small amount of air originally inside the outer casing 3 is gradually emptied, so that the outer casing 3 is inside.
  • the oxygen in the part is eventually drained, and the internal voids of the outer casing 3 are eventually completely occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for the burning of the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents.
  • only the dredging hole may be provided on the top cover of the outer casing 3, and no pressure relief valve is provided.
  • the internal material of the cell reacts, and the internal pressure of the cell becomes large, the cell breaks, and the heat source such as gas and particles generated inside the cell is ejected through the dredging hole under the action of internal pressure.
  • the heat source inside the casing is reduced; at the same time, the internal temperature of the casing 3 rises, sodium bicarbonate begins to undergo a chemical reaction, and is decomposed into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide.
  • the thermal decomposition of sodium hydrogencarbonate is an endothermic process in thermal decomposition. During the process, the heat energy is continuously consumed, which can suppress the rapid rise of the internal temperature of the outer casing 3.
  • the air pressure in the outer casing 3 is further increased, and the oxygen is discharged out of the casing 3 through the dredging hole, and the outer casing 3 is removed.
  • the inside is isolated from the outside oxygen. Due to the continuous generation of carbon dioxide, the original small amount of air inside the outer casing 3 is gradually drained, so that the oxygen inside the outer casing 3 is the most After being exhausted, the inner space of the outer casing 3 is finally occupied by carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, the inside of the outer casing 3 loses the necessary elements for burning the electric core group, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retarding and fire prevention, and avoiding more serious safety accidents. .
  • the heat source ejected from the dredging holes is doped with carbon dioxide, which greatly reduces the risk of ejecting the heat source.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具。该锂电池包括电芯组（1）和外壳（3），电芯组（1）置于外壳（3）内，其中，电芯组（1）与外壳（3）之间设置有灭火材料层（11），外壳（3）上设有疏通孔。本发明的技术方案能够有效防止锂电池起火爆炸，大大提高锂电池使用安全性。

Description

锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具 技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池领域，具体地，涉及一种锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具。
背景技术
由于不可再生能源危机和环境污染严重，全球加速了绿色环保高性能锂电池的发展，锂电池的应用领域由数码产品领域延伸到交通动力、储能、航天、通信备用电源等领域，人们对锂电池的需求也由原先的几百毫安·时发展到上百甚至上千安·时，随着容量的提升，安全问题将更加难以控制，因此现在高容量锂电池安全性是众多企业研究的课题，如果能解决好锂电池起火、爆炸这一世界性难题，锂电池的应用必将进入更快更广的发展阶段。中国专利申请CN102044715A公开了一种锂电池防爆装置，其包括锂电池壳体、正电极、负电极、橡胶片在内的结构，锂电池壳体上设有通气孔，通气孔上覆盖并固定有橡胶片，橡胶片的厚度为0.5-5mm。由于采用橡胶片作为防爆阀，无需另外开设注液孔向电池内注射电解液和氮气，将注液孔和防爆阀合为一体，结构简单，成本低，加工方便操作简单；使用时，只需用针管穿过橡胶片向内注射电解液和氮气，拔出针头后，利用橡胶片的弹性封闭了针孔，达到电解液和氮气不泄漏，锂电池正常工作。该发明适用于各种形状及不同厚度的锂电池。但是锂电池发生爆炸主要是由于短路、因过度充电或环境温度过高导致的散热不畅等原因引起所谓“热失控”问题，“热失控”进而引发电池内压剧增，从而引起爆炸。因此，防止锂电池爆炸不仅要及时排泄内压，还应从温度控制环节入手，多方面采取措施才能更有效地达到锂电池防爆目标，而上述中国专利申请仅仅侧重于通过通气孔和防爆阀泄压， 而不是采用更全面的防护措施，因此收效较为有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有的锂电池防火防爆措施不能全面解决因短路、散热不良等问题引起起火爆炸的问题的缺陷，提供一种针对锂电池起火爆炸成因强化防火防爆功能的锂电池以及应用该锂电池的电动交通工具。
本发明提供了一种锂电池，该锂电池包括电芯组和外壳，电芯组置于外壳内，其中，电芯组与外壳之间设置有灭火材料层，外壳上设有疏通孔。
本发明还提供了一种电动交通工具，其中，该电动交通工具中的电池为本发明提供的上述锂电池。
在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，通过在电芯组与外壳之间增设灭火材料层，锂电池的电芯温度升高会引起灭火材料发生反应，一方面灭火材料反应时吸热，将锂电池生成的热能吸收，起到抑制温度快速升高的作用；另一方面，利用灭火材料反应生成的二氧化碳逐步排挤电池内部的氧气，消除支持电芯发生燃烧的要素，从而达到抑制燃烧的目的；再者，在利用灭火材料吸热降温的同时通过疏通孔将外壳内原有的空气及后来生成的二氧化碳及时排出，保持电池内压稳定在一安全水平上。因此，本发明的技术方案能够有效防止锂电池起火爆炸，大大提高锂电池使用安全性。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为本发明提供的所述锂电池的一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的所述锂电池的一种优选实施方式的结构示意图；
图3为泄压阀的一种优选结构的示意图；
图4为本发明提供的所述锂电池的一种立体结构示意图；
图5为本发明提供的所述锂电池的另一种立体结构示意图；
图6为本发明提供的所述锂电池的一种装配状态示意图。
附图标记说明
1-电芯组，2-电芯护套，3-外壳，4-泄压阀，5-阀体，6-阀块，7-阀盖，8-通孔，9-阀腔，10-弹性部件，11-灭火材料层，12-绝热层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
如图1和2所示，本发明提供的所述锂电池包括电芯组1和外壳3，电芯组1置于外壳3内，其中，电芯组1与外壳3之间设置有灭火材料层11，外壳3上设有疏通孔。
在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，所述灭火材料层11的作用是当锂电池的电芯温度升高时吸收热能并发生反应，产生会抑制燃烧的气体如二氧化碳，从而达到防止锂电池起火爆炸的目的。因此，所述灭火材料层11的材质可以选自能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料。在优选情况下，所述灭火材料选自碳酸氢盐。碳酸氢盐受热时可发生自分解反应，生成二氧化碳，而且这一反应为吸热反应，符合本装置的工作需要。选用碳酸氢盐作为灭火材料，可以仅使用单种材料，加装、电池内存放都比较方便。更优选地，所述碳酸氢盐选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的一种或多种。所述碳酸氢盐优选以粉末的形式使用。
在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，如图2所示，该锂电池还可以包括置于外壳3内的电芯护套2。优选地，所述电芯组1置于所述电芯护套2内，所述灭火材料层11位于所述电芯护套2和所述外壳3之间。所述电芯护套2的材质可以为ABS塑料或铝。ABS塑料具有良好的阻燃性能，即使在电芯组发生燃烧时也可以有效防止火势扩大，遏制更严重情况的发生，因而适合用于形成所述电芯护套2。铝具有良好的导热效果，可以把电芯组产生的热量充分地导出并使灭火材料接受，以便灭火材料能够吸收足够的热量并发生分解；而且，铝相对于其它导热性能好的材料而言价格更为便宜，且密度较小，制成部件后更轻便，有利于电池整体的轻量化，因而铝是较优选的用于形成所述电芯护套2的材料。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，在所述电芯组1和所述电芯护套2之间填充有减震阻燃材料。所述减震阻燃材料可以消弱电池载体因所处不良环境而引入的外部冲击，较好地保持电芯组1的稳定，避免因剧烈震动导致短路，同时减震阻燃材料的阻燃性能也有助于阻止意外起火的电芯组1危害扩大化。更优选地，所述减震阻燃材料选自硅胶和阻燃腈氯纶纤维。最优选地，所述减震阻燃材料为硅胶。硅胶流动性好、粘度低，具有绝缘性能、防水防潮性能、阻燃性能和良好的物理机械性能，可操作性好，用于电池内部电芯组减震阻燃十分合适。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，如图1和2所示，在所述锂电池中，所述外壳3的内表面上设置有绝热层12，也即在所述灭火材料层11和所述外壳3之间设置绝热层12。在这种情况下，可以防止外部高热量进入电池内部，从而进一步降低锂电池使用安全风险。更优选地，所述绝热层12的材质为二氧化硅或石棉，最优选为具有较好的隔热耐火性能的二氧化硅。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，如图1-6所示，所述锂电池还包括与所述疏通孔配合设置的泄压阀4。在这种情况下，通过控制泄压阀4的开 和关，使得锂电池的外壳3内部过大的压力得到释放，确保电池内压处在较为安全的水平上，降低爆炸风险。而且，泄压阀4也可以作为电池组装时进入外壳3内部的少量空气的外泄通道，在外壳3内不断生成的二氧化碳的排挤下，原有空气逐步被排空，在没有氧气的情况下，电池的电芯组1不会发生燃烧，从而起到阻燃防火作用。
进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括相互配合连接的阀体5和具有通孔8的阀盖7，所述阀体5内设有与外壳上的疏通孔连通的阀腔9，所述阀盖7的底面上设置有弹性部件10，该弹性部件10的一端与阀盖7连接，另一端连接阀块6，阀块6与阀腔9相互匹配，并且在弹性部件10施加的弹力的作用下使得阀块6进出阀腔9以形成密封和排气。在一种具体实施方式中，在所述泄压阀4中，阀体5与阀盖7螺纹连接，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6也呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，活动阀块6的锥度与阀腔9的锥度基本相等，阀盖7与活动阀块6之间设有一压簧10(即弹性部件)，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。压簧10选用合适的规格，当外壳3内部气压达到一定气压时，活动阀块6所受的外壳3内部压力恰好可以克服压簧10弹力。根据该具体实施方式，在自然状态下，活动阀块6受压簧10挤压，压紧在阀腔9中，封堵住阀腔9。当外壳3内部气压增大时，活动阀块6最终会因外壳3内外的压力差而被向外顶开，解除对阀腔9的封堵，从而使外壳3内部过大的压力得到释放，确保电池内压处在较为安全的水平上，降低爆炸风险。
在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，如图1-6所示，所述疏通孔优选设置于外壳3的顶部。在这种情况下，所述灭火材料分解生成的二氧化碳密度大于同等条件下的空气密度，二氧化碳更易沉到外壳3内底部，从而将原有空气挤到外壳内顶部，因此在外壳3顶部设置疏通孔更利于原有空气的快速排空， 以及新生成二氧化碳的储留，形成电池内部的缺氧环境，更好地实现阻燃防火的目的。
在本发明提供的所述锂电池中，外壳3优选用铝制成。铝的密度较小，制成的外壳相对于铁、铅合金等更轻便，有利于电池整体的轻量化。
本发明还提供了一种电动交通工具，该电动交通工具中的电池采用本发明提供的上述锂电池。所述电动交通工具例如可以为电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等。
根据本发明的第一种具体实施方式，如图1、4和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1和外壳3，电芯组1置于外壳3内，其中，电芯组1与外壳3的间隙中填充有在受热时能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料(即灭火材料层11)，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述灭火材料优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的至少一种。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当升高到一定温度时(如使用碳酸氢钠作为灭火材料时，相应地为50℃)，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，生成二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离 原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，分解并生成二氧化碳，该热分解过程是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第二种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，电芯护套2与外壳3的间隙中填充有在受热时能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料(即灭火材料层11)，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述灭火材料优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的至少一种。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。 所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，电芯护套2又可快速将热向外传导，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当升高到一定温度时(如使用碳酸氢钠作为灭火材料时，相应地为50℃)，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，生成二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，分解并生成 二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源，如电芯内部的电解质，掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第三种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，电芯护套2与外壳3的间隙中填充有能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料(即灭火材料层11)，电芯护套2与电芯组1的间隙中填充有减震阻燃材料，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述灭火材料优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的至少一种。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。所述减震阻燃材料优选为硅胶。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当升高到一定温度时(如使用碳酸氢钠作为灭火材料时，相应地为 50℃)，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，生成二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，减震阻燃材料可以消弱电池载体因所处不良环境而引入的外部冲击，较好地保持电芯组的稳定，避免因剧烈震动导致短路，同时减震阻燃材料的阻燃性能也有助于阻止意外起火的电芯组危害扩大化。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，分解并生成二氧化碳，该热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重 的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第四种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，外壳3与电芯护套2之间设置有绝热层12，电芯护套2与绝热层12的间隙中填充有灭火材料(即灭火材料层11)，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述灭火材料优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的至少一种。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。所述绝热层12的材料优选为二氧化硅。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，且由于绝热层12的阻隔，热能不易散发，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当升高到一定温度时(如使用碳酸氢钠作为灭火材料时，相应地为50℃)，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，生成二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生， 而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，分解并生成二氧化碳，该热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第五种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，电芯护套2与外壳3的间隙中填充有能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料(即灭火材料层11)，外壳3内表面与灭火材料层11之间设有绝热层12，电芯护套2与电芯组1的间隙中填充有减震阻燃材料，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述灭火材料优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的至少一种。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选 地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。所述减震阻燃材料优选为硅胶。所述绝热层12的材料优选为二氧化硅。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，且由于绝热层的阻隔，热能不易散发，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当升高到一定温度时(如使用碳酸氢钠作为灭火材料时，相应地为50℃)，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，生成二氧化碳，灭火材料的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，减震阻燃材料可以消弱电池载体因所处不良环境而引入的外部冲击，较好地保持电芯组的稳定，避免因剧烈震动导致短路，同时减震阻燃材料的阻燃性能也有助于阻止意外起火的电芯组危害扩大化。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部 物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，灭火材料开始发生化学反应，分解并生成二氧化碳，该热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第六种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，电芯护套2与外壳3的间隙中填充有碳酸氢盐粉末(作为灭火材料层11)，电芯护套2与电芯组1的间隙中填充有硅胶(作为减震阻燃材料)，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。根据该具体实施方式，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随 之上升，当温度到达50℃，碳酸氢钠开始发生化学反应，分解成碳酸钠、水和二氧化碳，碳酸氢钠的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，作为减震阻燃材料的硅胶可以消弱电池载体因所处不良环境而引入的外部冲击，较好地保持电芯组的稳定，避免因剧烈震动导致短路，同时作为减震阻燃材料的硅胶的阻燃性能也有助于阻止意外起火的电芯组危害扩大化。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，碳酸氢钠开始发生化学反应，分解成碳酸钠、水和二氧化碳，碳酸氢钠的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失 去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
根据本发明的第七种具体实施方式，如图2、5和6所示，所述锂电池包括电芯组1、电芯护套2和外壳3，电芯组1置于电芯护套2内，电芯护套2置于外壳3内，其中，电芯护套2与外壳3的间隙中填充有碳酸氢盐粉末(作为灭火材料层11)，外壳3内表面与碳酸氢盐粉末之间设置有二氧化硅(作为绝热层12)，外壳3上设有疏通孔。所述疏通孔优选设置在外壳3的顶部。所述疏通孔上优选配套设置有泄压阀4，进一步优选地，如图3所示，所述泄压阀4包括阀体5和活动阀块6，阀体5口上螺纹连接有阀盖7，阀盖7中心设有中心通孔8，阀体5内设有上大下小的锥台形的阀腔9，活动阀块6亦呈锥台形并适配地滑动设置于阀腔9中，阀盖7与活动阀块6间设有一压簧10，压簧10一端钩挂于活动阀块6上，另一端抵接在阀盖7底面，压簧10匝圈外径大于中心通孔8直径。所述电芯护套2优选由ABS塑料或铝制成。根据该具体实施方式，锂离子电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升，且由于作为绝热层的二氧化硅的的阻隔，热能不易散发，外壳3内部温度以及外壳3内部气压也随之上升，当温度到达50℃，碳酸氢钠开始发生化学反应，分解成碳酸钠、水和二氧化碳，碳酸氢钠的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升。生成的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，当外壳3内气压达到两个大气压时，活动阀块6可被外壳3内气压推动，克服压簧10的弹力上升，活动阀块6脱离原先与阀腔9的适配位置，活动阀块6与阀腔9腔壁间出现了空隙，外壳3内部气压便可经由该空隙外泄，直至外壳3内气压回落到两个大气压以下。二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内 部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据。没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。在本具体实施方式中，可以是在外壳3的顶盖上仅设有疏通孔，而不设泄压阀，锂离子电池在工作过程中一旦因短路等原因发热时，电芯护套2内温度逐渐上升到一定温度时，电芯内部物质产生反应，并导致电芯内部压力变大，电芯破裂，电芯内部产生的气体和颗粒等热源在内部压力的作用下，通过疏通孔喷出壳体外，减少了壳体内部的热源；同时外壳3内部温度的上升，碳酸氢钠开始发生化学反应，分解成碳酸钠、水和二氧化碳，碳酸氢钠的热分解是个吸热过程，在热分解过程中不断消耗热能，这可以抑制外壳3内部温度快速上升，产生的二氧化碳混入外壳3内原有的空气后，外壳3内气压进一步增大，将氧气通过疏通孔排出壳体3，并将外壳3内部与外部氧气隔绝，由于二氧化碳不断产生，而外壳3内部原有的少量空气逐渐被排空，这样外壳3内部的氧气最终被排尽，而外壳3内部空隙最终全部被二氧化碳占据，没有了氧气，外壳3内部便失去了电芯组燃烧的必要元素，从而达到了阻燃防火的目的，避免发生更严重的安全事故。另外，由于二氧化碳的产生，从疏通孔喷出的热源掺杂着二氧化碳，也大大降低了喷出热源的危险性。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种锂电池，该锂电池包括电芯组(1)和外壳(3)，电芯组(1)置于外壳(3)内，其特征在于，电芯组(1)与外壳(3)之间设置有灭火材料层(11)，外壳(3)上设有疏通孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂电池，其中，所述灭火材料层(11)的材质为能发生吸热反应并产生二氧化碳的灭火材料，优选为碳酸氢盐，更优选为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙和碳酸氢铵中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的锂电池，其中，所述锂电池还包括置于外壳(3)内的电芯护套(2)，且所述电芯组(1)置于所述电芯护套(2)内，所述灭火材料层(11)位于所述电芯护套(2)和所述外壳(3)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锂电池，其中，在所述电芯组(1)和所述电芯护套(2)之间填充有减震阻燃材料，所述减震阻燃材料优选为硅胶或阻燃腈氯纶纤维。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的锂电池，其中，所述外壳(3)的内表面上设置有绝热层(12)，所述绝热层(12)的材质优选为二氧化硅或石棉。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的锂电池，其中，所述锂电池还包括与所述疏通孔配合设置的泄压阀(4)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的锂电池，其中，所述泄压阀(4)包括相互配合连接的阀体(5)和具有通孔(8)的阀盖(7)，所述阀体(5)内设有与 所述疏通孔连通的阀腔(9)，所述阀盖(7)的底面上设置有弹性部件(10)，该弹性部件(10)的一端与阀盖(7)连接，另一端连接阀块(6)，阀块(6)与阀腔(9)相互匹配，并且在弹性部件(10)施加的弹力的作用下使得阀块(6)进出阀腔(9)以形成密封和排气。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的锂电池，其中，所述疏通孔设置于外壳(3)的顶部。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的锂电池，其中，所述外壳(3)的材质为铝。
  10. 根据权利要求3或4所述的锂电池，其中，所述电芯护套(2)的材质为ABS塑料或铝。
  11. 一种电动交通工具，其特征在于，该电动交通工具中的电池为权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的锂电池。
PCT/CN2015/085029 2014-07-30 2015-07-24 锂电池和应用该锂电池的电动交通工具 WO2016015603A1 (zh)

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