WO2016015072A1

WO2016015072A1 - Closed-loop control and open-loop control of a single-phase or polyphase electromagnetic lathe

Info

Publication number: WO2016015072A1
Application number: PCT/AT2015/050175
Authority: WO
Inventors: Harald Sima
Original assignee: SIMA, Ewald
Priority date: 2014-07-29
Filing date: 2015-07-22
Publication date: 2016-02-04

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrical circuit for controlling by closed-loop control and open-loop control, in the electromagnetic lathe (100), the starting current, the operating current, the rotational speed, the power, the power factor, the torque and the voltage in a manner that saves more energy. In control electronics (11) via a rectifying or converting switching part (21), the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) either firstly is short-circuited via a semiconductor switch (22), which effects short-circuiting preferably in a pulse-width-modulated fashion, or secondly, with the semiconductor switch (22) open, is switched via a further rectifying or converting switching part in the secondary circuit (23) to a storage device (24) and via an inverter for the BLDC machine (30) to the BLDC machine.

Description

CONTROL AND CONTROL OF ONE OR MULTI-PHASES

ELECTROMAGNETIC TURNING MACHINE

The invention relates to a control and regulation of

Voltage, current, power, torque and speed for an electromagnetic lathe.

For their start-up and operation, electromagnetic lathes require system-specific equipment to control the starting current, operating current, speed, power, torque and voltage. As a starting procedure for starting current limiting and during operation for controlling voltage, current, power,

Torque and speed are mech. Facilities such as star delta switch, dahlander circuit, pole-changing

Machines, short-circuit soft start, partial winding start,

Starting transformers, electronically or mechanically switched

Slip ring resistors as well as electronic devices such as electronic soft starter, over- and under-synchronous

Converter cascades and frequency converter known.

From CN 2502451 Y is a pulse width modulation of

Rotor winding of a slip ring rotor asynchronous

Induction machine known. About the slip rings of the current flow of the rotor winding via a rectifying part and a pulse width modulated, short-circuiting and re-opening, semiconductor contact is performed. Slip rings and no energy-saving or recovering protective circuit mean unnecessary energy loss and possibly damage or even destruction of the semiconductor component.

From CN 2269669 Y is a control of the current flow via the rectifier from the machine via a rectifying switching part, by means of a short-circuiting and re-opening power triode

Contact's, the rotor winding known. The

Rotary contact device and when open power triodes Contact always acting resistance converts slip power from the rotor winding into thermal power loss. This means significant energy loss. Thus, this circuit is to be used only for the short run-up of the machine and not for an energy-saving speed control.

Also DE 202010003536 Ul represents only a sensible solution for the run-up. Here, too, the slip rings and the always firmly switched resistance act when opened

Semiconductor switch destroys energy. Energy-saving

Speed control is also not with this solution

possible. In addition, a short circuit or

Slip resistor contactor necessary for operation.

It is the same with CN2098121. Here is still

In addition, the relatively low switching frequency of the thyristor, which can trigger strong machine vibrations, to cite as disadvantageous.

RO 102593 also uses slip rings and fixed

switched resistors and a short-circuit or

Slip resistor contactor.

This circuit is only useful for booting the machine.

Although R0117492 Bl avoids the energy losses of the rotary contact device and arranges the control device directly on the rotor shaft, but firmly switched resistors

also cause massive energy losses. Therefore, an energy-saving speed control is not possible here.

The object of the invention is for the start and the

Speed control, an optimized, energy-saving and

cost-effective regulation and control, the on or

multiphase electromagnetic lathe, specify.

This object is achieved by an energy-saving current control over the current flow of the rotor winding Solved primary machine. Instead of the firmly connected resistor, which unnecessarily draws slip power from the rotor winding of the primary machine when the semiconductor switch is open, and converts it into waste heat, the

Voltage level of the memory device in the secondary circuit preferably kept controlled above the level of the open circuit voltage. It can therefore only more the high

Self-induction voltage, caused by the

Collapse of the magnetic field in the electromagnetic lathe, the voltage level and the associated

Raise the storage energy of the storage device.

Slip energy while the semiconductor switch is open, therefore no longer passes unchecked in the secondary circuit and is therefore no longer unintentionally converted into heat loss. A further step in the invention is not to supply this cut-off energy to a thermal energy dissipating resistor, but rather, to recirculate at a torque assisting time, the rotor winding of the primary machine, or convert it into torque in a secondary machine, or alternately

Secondary machine to remove electrical energy and feed the primary machine. In addition, all necessary to this flow control switching parts of the

Main circuit preferably on the same rotor shaft of

Primary machine. Additional losses due to current transmitting rotary devices are thus also avoided.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments according to the drawings, wherein

Fig. 1 is a section through an electromagnetic

Lathe with an outside of the rotor chamber arranged electronic part shows. Fig. 2 is a section through an electromagnetic

Lathe with an electronic part and a

Represents secondary machine.

Fig. 3 also a section through an electromagnetic lathe with rotatably mounted, and with permanent magnets running stator of the primary machine and a

fixed, winded stator of the

Secondary machine maps.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the control electronics for the

Current profile of the rotor winding of the primary machine, which returns an energy from the storage device in the

Rotor winding shows.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement of the control electronics for the

Current profile of the rotor winding of the primary machine, which is a supply of energy from the storage device in the

Torque-inducing winding of a secondary machine shows.

Fig. 6 also shows an arrangement as in Figure 5, but with the additional possibility, alternating with the arrangement in Figure 5, via the return electrical energy from the secondary machine and / or the storage device, the

Feed primary machine

Fig. 7 shows an arrangement of the control electronics for the

Line network shows. FIG. 1

represents a possible slip-ring embodiment of the electromagnetic rotating machine 100. The stator winding of the primary machine 4 is connected via the electrical

Terminal box 6 with the line switch 8 to the

Line network 7 switched. The rotor winding of

Primary machine 2 is located with its rotor core 3, on the rotor shaft of the primary machine 1 and within the

Machine housing 15. The control electronics 11 is

rotationally contactlessly connected to the rotor winding of the primary machine 2, but separated from the rotor space but arranged service-friendly within the machine housing 15. About a contactless control signal device 9 and the control line 10 regularly relevant data are exchanged.

FIG. 2

also represents a possible slip ringless embodiment of the electromagnetic rotating machine 100

Stator winding of the primary machine 4 is connected via the electrical terminal box 6 with the line switch 8 to the

Line network 7 switched. The rotor winding of

Primary machine 2 is located with its rotor core 3, the

Control electronics 11 and a torque acting

Secondary machine consisting of the winding of the

Secondary machine 14, the rotor core of secondary machine 13 and the permanent magnet of the secondary machine 12, on the same rotor shaft of the primary machine 1 and in the same

Machine housing 15. The control electronics 11 is

rotationally contactlessly connected to the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 and the winding of the secondary machine 14. About a contactless control signal device 9 and the control line 10 regularly relevant data are exchanged. FIG. 3

represents a further slip-ring-out form of the electromagnetic rotating machine 100 with permanent magnets of the primary machine 20 and provided rotatably mounted stator of the primary machine 19, one on the same rotor shaft of

Primary machine 1 lying rotor core of the primary machine 3 with its rotor winding of the primary machine 2 and a, also on the same rotor shaft of the primary machine 1 and in the same machine housing 15 lying, torque-making secondary machine, consisting of the winding of

Secondary machine 14, the rotor core of the secondary machine 13, the stator core of the secondary machine 17 with its stator winding of the secondary machine 16 and the electrical terminal box 6. The control electronics 11 is

rotationally contactlessly connected to the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 and the rotor winding of the secondary machine 14, but is also separated from the rotor space but arranged within the machine housing 15 easy to service. About a contactless control signal device 9 and the control line 10 regularly relevant data are exchanged.

FIG. 4

The three-phase current from the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 is first directed into a pulsating direct current via a switching or direct-current switching part 21. This follows via a preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting

Semiconductor switch 22 via the same or current directing switching part 21 back to the rotor winding of the primary machine 2. This is therefore shorted. The electromagnetic

Lathe 100 now behaves like a squirrel-cage rotor. Conditionally conditioned by pulse width, the preferred one now opens

pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 for a certain time. A high turn-off induction voltage, caused by the collapse of the magnetic field in the primary machine, occurs. This high

Self-induction voltage would now be preferred

pulse-width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 damage or destroy. Therefore, at least this will

Energy via another equal or current directing

Switching part in the secondary circuit 23 in a memory device 24, such as a capacitor, the secondary circuit out. To the electromagnetic lathe 100 a higher

To remove slip performance and thus to increase the torque on the rotor shaft of the primary machine 1, not only the high turn-off induction voltage to the memory device with the same or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit 23 is switched through, but also controlled additional slip performance as needed. The voltage potential and the associated energy in the memory device 24 in the secondary circuit is raised. The current passed before blocking device in the form of the same- or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit 23 prevents backflow of the stream and thus a discharge of the memory device 24 to then again short-circuiting

Semiconductor switch 22. The stored energy in the

Memory device 24, by the occurrence of the

Selbstinduktionsspannung during shutdown of the preferred pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 has arisen and possibly the additional wanted

charged slip energy is then controlled via an inverter for feeding back into the rotor winding of the primary machine 29 to a torque acting time, via the return line 28, the rotor winding of the primary machine 2, returned.

FIG. 5

In order to achieve a higher torque on the rotor shaft of the primary machine 1 as in the Fig. 4 illustrated invention, is the three-phase current from the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 is first directed into a pulsating direct current via a switching or direct-current switching part 21. This follows via a preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting

pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 for a certain time. A high turn-off induction voltage caused by the collapse of the magnetic field in the primary machine occurs. This high

Self-induction voltage would now be preferred

Energy over another equal or current directing

Switching part in the secondary circuit 23 in a memory device, such as a capacitor 24, the secondary circuit out. To control the primary machine a higher

To remove slip performance and thus to increase the torque on the rotor shaft of the primary machine 1, not only the high turn-off induction voltage to the storage device with the same or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit 23 is switched through, but also additional slip performance as needed. The voltage potential and the so

connected energy in the memory device 24 in

Secondary circuit is raised. The current passed before blocking device in the form of the same- or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit 23 prevents backflow of the stream and thus a discharge of the memory device 24 to then again short-circuiting

Semiconductor switch 22. The stored energy in the

Memory device 24, by the occurrence of the Selbstinduktionsspannung during shutdown of the preferred pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 has arisen and possibly the additional intentionally charged slip energy is now controlled controlled via a

Power converter for the BLDC machine 30, the rotor winding of the secondary machine 14, which here belongs to a BLDC machine fed.

FIG. 6

In this figure 6 is

- Either, as described and illustrated in Figure 5, with locked return line 28, the three-phase current from the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 by means of an electronic control unit 11 via the same and current-directing switching parts 21, on the one hand via the semiconductor switch 22, or on the other via the same and current directing Switching parts in the secondary circuit 23 to the memory device 24 and via the power converter for the BLDC machine 30 in the rotor winding of the secondary machine 14, switched,

- or alternately, during the rotating operation of the electromagnetic lathe 100, the preferably pulse width modulated controlled semiconductor switch 22, the same or current directing switching parts 21, 23 are constantly open. Electrical energy from the secondary machine and possibly from the storage device 24 can now via the controlled power converter for the BLDC machine 30 and via the return line 28 of the rotor winding of the primary machine. 2

be supplied. The electromagnetic lathe 100 can now operate like a synchronous machine.

FIG. 7

the three-phase current from the rotor winding of the primary machine 2 is directed in a DC or current-directing switching part 21 in a pulsating direct current. This follows over one preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting

Self-induction voltage would now be preferred

Energy over another equal or current directing

Switching part in the secondary circuit 23 preferably in one

Memory device, such as a capacitor 24, the secondary circuit out. The voltage potential and the associated energy in the memory device 24 in

Semiconductor switch 22. The stored energy in the

Memory device 24, by the occurrence of the

Selbstinduktionsspannung during shutdown of the preferred pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch 22 has arisen and possibly the additional intentionally charged slip energy is now controlled controlled via a

Power converter for feeding back into the power grid 31, the phases L1, L2, L3, fed to the power network. attachment

1 rotor shaft of the primary machine

2 rotor winding of the primary machine

3 rotor core of the primary machine

4 stator winding of the primary machine

5 stator core of primary machine

6 Electrical connection box

7 line network

8 line switch

9 Contactless control signal device

10 control line

11 control electronics

12 permanent magnet of the secondary machine

13 rotor core of the secondary machine

14 rotor winding of the secondary machine

15 machine housing

16 stator winding of the secondary machine

17 stator core of secondary machine

18 shaft of the rotatably mounted stator of the primary machine

19 Swivel-mounted stator of the primary machine

20 permanent magnets of the primary machine

21 DC or DC switching part

22 preferably pulse width modulated controlled

Semiconductor switches

23 DC or DC switching part in the secondary circuit

24 storage device

25 fan blades

26 Contactless control signal Setting up the control electronics

27 microcontroller

28 return

29 Converter for feeding back into the rotor winding of the primary machine

30 converters for the BLDC machine

31 Converter for feeding back into the network 100 Electromagnetic lathe

Claims

claims

1. Control and regulation for a single or multi-phase electromagnetic rotating machine (100), with rotating field generating circuits such as electric windings or arranged around the axis of rotation of the machine magnets, with a fixed stator and a rotor or with a rotatable about the same axis of rotation as the Rotor mounted stator,

Characterized in that the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) preferably via a non-contact or directing switching part (21) and via a pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) on the one hand, or on the other hand with an open semiconductor switch (22) via a another equal or current directing switching part in the secondary circuit (23) to a lying in the secondary circuit

Storage device (24), such as a capacitor and an inverter for feeding back into the

Rotor winding of the primary machine (29), preferably to a

Torque acting time, back into the rotor winding of the primary machine (2), by means of control electronics which a microcontroller (27) with its active and passive

Includes wiring components, is switched.

2. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic rotating machine (100), with rotating field generating circuits such as electric windings or arranged around the axis of rotation of the machine magnets, with a fixed stator and a rotor or with a rotatable about the same axis of rotation as the Rotor mounted stator,

Characterized in that the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) by means of rotary contacts via a same- or current-directing switching part (21) and one, preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) on the one hand, or on the other hand over a further same or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit (23) to a lying in the secondary circuit memory device (24), such as a capacitor and a converter for feeding back into the line network (31), the line network and back into the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) one

Control electronics which includes a microcontroller (27) with its active and passive Beschaltungsbauteilen switched.

3. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), with rotating field generating circuits such as electrical windings or arranged around the axis of rotation of the machine magnets, with a fixed stator and a rotor or with a rotatable about the same axis of rotation as the Rotor mounted stator,

switchable memory device (24), as an example

Capacitor, and via a power converter in the rotor winding of the secondary machine (14), one preferably on the rotor shaft of

Primary machine (1) lying, preferably with this force or positively coupled and preferably in the same machine housing (15) lying torque acting secondary machine, such as

Example of a BLDC machine or a three-phase asynchronous squirrel cage, by means of a control electronics which a microcontroller (27) with its active and passive

Includes wiring components, is switched.

4. Control and regulation for a single or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), with rotating field generating Circuits such as electrical windings or magnets arranged around the axis of rotation of the machine, with a fixed stator and a rotor or with a stator mounted rotatably about the same axis of rotation as the rotor,

Characterized in that the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2)

- Preferably either rotationally contactless via a same or current directing switching part (21) and one, preferably

pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) on the one hand, or on the other hand with the semiconductor switch open

(22) via a further same- or current-directing switching part in the secondary circuit (23) to a lying in the secondary circuit

switchable memory device (24), as an example

Primary machine (1) lying, preferably with this force or positively coupled and preferably in the same machine housing

(15) lying torque acting secondary machine, such as

Includes wiring components, is switched,

- or alternately, at least one rotating rotor shaft of the electromechanical lathe (100), load-dependent demand and constantly open preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22), preferably

Rotationally contactless via the return line (28) and the power converter for the secondary machine (30) to the rotor winding of

Secondary machine (14) and / or the memory device 24, is switched.

5. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic rotating machine (100), with rotating field generating circuits such as electrical windings or arranged around the axis of rotation of the machine magnets, with a fixed stator and a rotor or with a rotatably mounted about the same axis of rotation as the rotor stator,

Characterized in that the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) is preferably rotationally contactless via a switching or rectifying switching part (21) and via a preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) on the one hand, or on the other hand with an open semiconductor switch (22) via a another equal or current directing switching part in the secondary circuit (23), to a lying in the secondary circuit

switchable memory device (24), as an example

Capacitor and to one in the same rotor core of the

Primary machine (3) lying bifilar winding (25) or a power resistor, via a semiconductor switch in the

Secondary circuit (26) by means of control electronics, which a microcontroller (27) with its active and passive

Includes wiring components, is switched.

6. Control and control for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic rotating machine (100), according to any one of claims 1-5

"Characterized" in that the energy supply and discharge of the electromechanical lathe (100) either electrically, for example, from the line network (7) or another

Energy supply device via the stator winding of

Primary machine (4), the stator winding of the secondary machine (16) or mechanically via the rotor shaft of the primary machine (1), the shaft of the rotatably mounted stator of the primary machine (18) takes place.

7. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-6

Characterized in that the switching functions of the preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) be taken over by at least one of the same or current directing switching parts (21, 23).

8. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-7

"Characterized" in that the stator of the torque

generating electric machine in the secondary circuit, fixed or rotatable about the same axis of rotation as the rotor shaft

Asynchronous induction machine 1 is arranged.

9. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic rotating machine (100), according to any one of claims 1-8

Characterized in that the rotational speed of the rotor shaft of the primary machine (1), by recording the frequency of the

Voltage pulses from the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) and by the known frequency of the voltage across the stator winding of the primary machine (4), is determined with the control electronics.

10. Control and control for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-9

Characterized in that the rotational speed of the shaft of the rotatably mounted stator of the primary machine (18), the rotor shaft of the primary machine (1) by means of speed measuring devices, such as a pulse sensor with Hall sensor, with the

Control electronics is determined.

11. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-10

Characterized in that the frequency of the

Pulse width modulation (PWM) of the preferred pulse width modulated short-circuiting semiconductor switch (22) is variable.

12. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-11

Characterized in that the current of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) is controlled as a function of the slip speed.

13. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-12

"Characterized" in that the control signal by means of

Rotary contacts, such as slip rings or inductive

Connections, or by means of contactless electromagnetic or optical control signal devices (9), such as a Blue Thooth or an optocoupler device, to the

Control electronics is transmitted.

14. Control and control for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-13

Characterized in that the power supply of preferably on the rotor shaft of the primary machine (1) lying operating means, such as the control electronics or an electrical cooling device directly or via a same or

current-directing switching part from the rotor winding of

Primary machine (2), the memory device 24 or via a rotary contact device from the line network (7).

15. Control and control for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-14

Characterized in that a phase failure occurs in the

Stator winding of the primary machine (4) by monitoring the

Voltage shape of the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) by the Control electronics (11) is detected and by constantly open the at least preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting

Contact the semiconductor switch (22) the electromagnetic lathe (100) is turned off.

16. Control and control for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-15

"Characterized" in that the control electronics (11) at least one temperature-giving device such as a PTC or NTC resistor is connected and when exceeding the

permissible temperature of a temperature-controlled component, such as an example of an electrical winding, the electromagnetic lathe (100) by constantly opening the at least preferably pulse width modulated short-circuiting contact of the

Semiconductor switch (22), is stopped immediately or with a time delay.

17. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-16

"Characterized" in that the control electronics (11) in deviation of the rotational speed of the rotor shaft of the primary machine (1) or the rotational speed of the rotatably mounted stator of the primary machine (19) or the rotational speed of the rotor shaft of the secondary machine in comparison to a machine reference value, in which by way of example the pulse duration, the pulse rate, the slip speed and the

Rated power are taken into account, for example, caused by overload of the machine or failure of at least one phase in a winding, the electromagnetic lathe (100) by

permanent opening of the at least preferably pulse-width modulated short-circuiting contact of the semiconductor switch (22), immediately or with a time delay, switches off.

18. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-17

Characterized in that when rotating one of the shafts (18, 1) of the electromagnetic lathe (100), the

Control electronics, a change in direction of the rotating field in the rotor winding of the primary machine (2) by the occurring higher frequency of the voltage pulses in this rotor winding, in

Compared to a machine reference value recognizes and in the consequence by at least appropriate control of the preferred

pulse width modulated short - circuiting contact of the

Semiconductor switch (22), according to predetermined braking parameters, initiating an electrical braking of the machine and the machine decelerates to a standstill and then turns off.

19. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-18

"Characterized" in that the control electronics (11)

control-relevant data and sizes of the stator winding of the

Primary machine (4), such as the shape, frequency and magnitude of the current, voltage, power and consequent power factor, over one

Rotary transmission device or an electromagnetic or an optocoupler device are transmitted, the

Control electronics (11) these data and sizes with a

Matches machine reference value and the one or more

Semiconductor switch controls so that the electromagnetic

Lathe (100) raises, maintains, reduces or slows down its speed, either instantaneously or temporarily, or constantly opens the semiconductor switch (s), and shuts down the machine.

20. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-19

Characterized in that the rotor winding of the

Primary machine 2, for the connection of the return line 28, has a separate winding tap with winding execution.

21. Control and regulation for a single- or multi-phase electromagnetic lathe (100), according to any one of claims 1-20

Characterized in that the rotor winding of the

Primary machine 2 consists of an induced winding and, of this galvanically isolated, exciter winding for connecting the return line 28.