WO2016015017A1 - Thermostats et procédés de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Thermostats et procédés de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015017A1
WO2016015017A1 PCT/US2015/042122 US2015042122W WO2016015017A1 WO 2016015017 A1 WO2016015017 A1 WO 2016015017A1 US 2015042122 W US2015042122 W US 2015042122W WO 2016015017 A1 WO2016015017 A1 WO 2016015017A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermostat
control
fast
slow
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/042122
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David P. Chassin
Alyona IVANOVA
Emily SWAN
Martin SLAMA
Gezachin Asmelash GHEBREGIORAGIS
Abhishek Parmar
Panajotis Agathoklis
Nedjib Djilali
Original Assignee
Battelle Memorial Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battelle Memorial Institute filed Critical Battelle Memorial Institute
Publication of WO2016015017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015017A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F24F11/47—Responding to energy costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F24F11/523—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays for displaying temperature data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F24F11/67—Switching between heating and cooling modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/60—Energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to thermostats and associated operational methods.
  • Thermostatically controlled electrical loads can provide valuable energy storage and are prime candidates for fast acting demand response (DR) that can be used to mitigate highly variable renewable power generation and limited availability of ramping resources.
  • DR fast acting demand response
  • significant control errors can arise, particularly in the form of dispatch control drift.
  • At least some aspects of the disclosure are directed towards thermostats and associated operational methods which overcome at least some of the shortcomings of conventional thermostats.
  • Fig. 1 is an illustrative representation of a house according to one embodiment.
  • Fig.2 is a functional block diagram of a thermostat according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a thermostat and house according to one embodiment.
  • thermostats and associated operational methods which may be used to implement demand response control strategies in example implementations.
  • the thermostats attempt to distribute electrical loads evenly throughout the day, and in the presence of peak loads upon the electrical grid of a utility.
  • thermostat 12 within a residential house 10.
  • Thermostat 12 controls operational modes of a conditioning apparatus 14, such as a heat pump, to provide either heated or cooled air 18 to heat or cool a conditioned area 15 of house 10.
  • Thermostat 12 applies control signals to a controller 16 of conditioning apparatus 14 to control the operational modes of the conditioning apparatus 14.
  • Other thermostatic end-use loads can be controlled using thermostat 12 in other implementations.
  • thermostat 12 is used in demand response control strategies of electrical utilities as mentioned above.
  • Demand response is increasingly regarded as an important resource for electricity interconnections in industrialized economies.
  • Demand response provides both economic and technical benefits that far outweigh their costs, and demand response plays an important role in mitigating both the market power of electricity suppliers and the intermittency of renewable generation.
  • Numerous thermostats 12 may be used in numerous houses 10 to implement demand response control strategies in but one example application of use.
  • Thermostat 12 is transactive and receives a control signal from an external source in some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • An electrical utility, or other source may provide the control signal to thermostats 12 implemented with the houses 10 in one embodiment.
  • the control signal is used to implement demand response control strategies in one embodiment.
  • the control signal may be communicated via any appropriate communications method, such via as the Internet, wired, and/or wireless communications and is used by thermostat 12 to control conditioning apparatus 14 as discussed below.
  • control signal is indicative of price of electrical energy which is supplied to house 10 and conditioning apparatus 14.
  • the control signal changes as a result of changes in price of the electrical energy in one embodiment.
  • the control signal changes as a result of changes in supply and demand of electrical energy at different moments in time.
  • the control signal may be calculated from the intersection of supply and demand curves of the electrical energy in one implementation, and the control signal changes due to changes in the supply and demand of the electrical energy at different moments in time.
  • updates to the control signal are provided to the thermostat 12 at predefined moments in time, such as every five minutes in one example.
  • the control signal comprises fast and slow components which correspond to changes of the control signal at different rates.
  • fast components refer to changes of the control signal which are less than an hour and slow components refer to changes of the control signal which are greater than an hour.
  • the fast components correspond to short term price signals emanating from distribution capacity or ancillary service markets and the slow components correspond to long term price signals from bulk energy markets.
  • control signal is used to implement demand response control strategies in one embodiment. Additional details regarding demand response, thermostat 12, control signals and other related aspects are discussed in a thesis by Chassin, David P., New Residential Thermostat for Transactive Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, December 14, 2014, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, additional details regarding use of control signals to control operations of thermostat 12 and conditioning apparatus 14 are discussed below with respect to Fig.3.
  • thermostat 12 includes a user interface 20, a temperature sensor 22, processing circuitry 24, storage circuitry 26, and communications circuitry 28.
  • Other embodiments are possible including more, less and/or alternative components.
  • User interface 20 is configured to interact with a user including conveying data to a user (e.g., current temperature, temperature set points, operational mode, program cycles for wake/sleep/away/home) as well as receiving inputs from the user, for example, selecting the operational modes, such as heat, cool, and off.
  • a user e.g., current temperature, temperature set points, operational mode, program cycles for wake/sleep/away/home
  • the operational modes such as heat, cool, and off.
  • processing circuitry 24 is arranged to process data, control data access and storage, issue commands, and control other desired operations. In one more specific embodiment, processing circuitry 24 is configured to perform the operations of the thermostat controller and state estimator discussed below with respect to Fig.3.
  • Processing circuitry 24 comprises circuitry configured to implement desired programming provided by appropriate computer- readable storage media in at least one embodiment.
  • the processing circuitry 24 may be implemented as one or more processor(s) and/or other structure configured to execute executable instructions including, for example, software and/or firmware instructions.
  • Other example embodiments of processing circuitry 24 include hardware logic, PGA, FPGA, ASIC, state machines, and/or other structures alone or in combination with one or more processor(s). These examples of processing circuitry 24 are for illustration and other configurations are possible.
  • Processing circuitry 24 may also be referred to as control circuitry which is configured to implement operations of thermostat 12 discussed below with respect to Fig.3.
  • Storage circuitry 26 is configured to store programming such as executable code or instructions (e.g., software and/or firmware), electronic data, databases, image data, or other digital information and may include computer-readable storage media. At least some embodiments or aspects described herein may be implemented using programming stored within one or more computer-readable storage medium of storage circuitry 26 and configured to control appropriate processing circuitry 14.
  • programming such as executable code or instructions (e.g., software and/or firmware), electronic data, databases, image data, or other digital information and may include computer-readable storage media. At least some embodiments or aspects described herein may be implemented using programming stored within one or more computer-readable storage medium of storage circuitry 26 and configured to control appropriate processing circuitry 14.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be embodied in one or more articles of manufacture which can contain, store, or maintain programming, data and/or digital information for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system including processing circuitry 24 in one embodiment.
  • computer-readable storage media may be non-transitory and include any one of physical media such as electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor media.
  • Some more specific examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a portable magnetic computer diskette, such as a floppy diskette, a zip disk, a hard drive, random access memory, read only memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or other configurations capable of storing programming, data, or other digital information.
  • Communications circuitry 28 is arranged to implement communications of thermostat 12 with respect to external devices and/or networks (not shown).
  • communications interface 28 may be arranged to communicate information bi-directionally with respect to thermostat 12.
  • Communications interface 28 may be implemented as a network interface card (NIC), serial or parallel connection, USB port, Firewire interface, Ethernet port, flash memory interface, or any other suitable arrangement for implementing communications of thermostat 12.
  • NIC network interface card
  • communications circuitry 28 outputs control signals which control the operational modes of conditioning apparatus 14.
  • communications circuitry 28 may receive control signals, from external of the thermostat 12, and which may include control signals which are indicative of the price of electrical energy supplied to house 10 in at least one embodiment.
  • Thermostat 12 includes plural subsystems including a thermostat controller 30 and a state estimator 32 in the depicted example embodiment.
  • the thermostat controller 30 is configured to control operations of conditioning apparatus 14 to at least one of heat and cool a conditioned area 15 of house 10.
  • State estimator 32 is configured to provide information regarding a mass temperature of the conditioned area 15.
  • thermostat controller 30 and state estimator 32 are discrete-time control subsystems which are implemented using processing circuitry 24 described above.
  • Processing circuitry 24 implementing the operations of thermostat controller 30 and state estimator 32 may also be referred to as control circuitry.
  • Thermostat controller 30 operates to implement changes to the operational mode of conditioning apparatus 14 at a plurality of discrete moments in time which are predefined according to a discrete, finite interval or period in one embodiment.
  • the state estimator 32 operates to sample the data from the house 10 (e.g., the operational mode M of the conditioning apparatus and the air temperature T A ) and provide data which is indicative of the mass temperature of the conditioned area 15 to controller 30 at discrete moments in time defined according to a common interval or period in one embodiment.
  • the sampling frequency of the state estimator 32 is faster than the frequency used by thermostat controller 30 to make changes to the operational mode of conditioning apparatus 14 in one embodiment.
  • Thermostat controller 30 receives a control signal P c via an interface 34 of communications circuitry 28, for example, from a utility which supplies electrical energy to house 10 or other appropriate source.
  • the source of the control signal provides changes or updates to the control signal at discrete moments in time, such as every five minutes, in one embodiment.
  • thermostat controller 30 makes changes to the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus 14 at discrete moments in time which are synchronized with the updates to the control signal.
  • thermostat controller 30 In addition to the control signal, thermostat controller 30 also receives a desired temperature set point T D of conditioned area 15, for example, via user interface 20 as set by the occupant of the house 10.
  • control signal is filtered to separate the signal into components with time-constants that correspond to the building mass response of the conditioned area of the house (long or slow-term response) and components with time-constants that correspond to the air's response of the conditioned area of the house (short or fast-term response), denoted as slow response and fast response components, respectively.
  • the fast components change at an increased rate compared with the slow components.
  • the thermostat controller 30 controls the long-term response of the house using the slow components independently of control of the short-term response of the house using the fast components.
  • the control signal P c received by the thermostat 12 is provided to a fast response controller 36 and a slow response controller 38 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • Fast and slow response controllers 36, 38 are configured to relate or convert changes in price information to changes in temperature in one embodiment.
  • fast and slow response controllers 36, 38 process respective fast and slow components of the control signal to generate to respective fast and slow temperature offsets in one embodiment.
  • the fast and slow temperature offsets are used to adjust the desired temperature set point selected by the user based upon the control signal, which may include price information as set forth in the following continuing discussion.
  • fast controller 36 calculates a fast temperature offset T F according to the following:
  • P A is the expected price of electricity (e.g., an average price of electrical energy supplied to the house over the previous 24 hours)
  • Pc is the most recently-received price of the electrical energy
  • F H is a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency corresponding to approximately 1 hour (i.e., about 3600 "1 H z ) to pass only fast components and filter the slow components of the control signal
  • K P D /delta T m
  • PD is the standard deviation of the price of the electrical energy
  • delta T m is the occupant's maximum allowed temperature deviation from the desired temperature set point (e.g., 2 °F).
  • Delta T m may also be equal to k/(T m - T D ) where k is a comfort setting which is selected by the occupant and which is indicative of a customer preference of comfort with respect to temperature (e.g., from 0 for maximum comfort to > 100 for maximum savings in one embodiment), T D is the desired air temperature set point of the conditioned area of the house selected by the occupant, and T m is the minimum or maximum allowed air indoor temperature, which is selected based upon whether the air temperature of the conditioned area of the house is above or below the desired temperature set point. When the indoor air temperature of the house is below the desired temperature set point, the minimum allowed indoor air temperature is used for T m , and when the indoor air temperature of the house is above the desired temperature set point, the maximum allowed indoor air temperature is used for T m .
  • One embodiment of the slow response controller 38 operates similarly to the fast response controller 36 but a low-pass filter F L is utilized instead of F H to calculate a slow temperature offset T s .
  • the low-pass filter has the same cut-off frequency as the fast response controller 36 but only passes slow components with frequencies lower than about 3600 "1 H z and filters the fast components in the described embodiment.
  • One embodiment of slow controller 38 calculates a slow temperature offset T s according to the following:
  • State estimator subsystem 32 is configured to use the operational mode (M) of the conditioning apparatus 14 and the indoor air temperature of the conditioned area of the house T A , which may be measured, to estimate the mass temperature T M of the conditioned area 15 of the house 10.
  • M operational mode
  • a simple observer/state estimator 33 of subsystem 32 may be implemented using standard control theory in one embodiment since the transfer function between air temperature and mass temperature is a first-order system. Additional details regarding one implementation of state estimator subsystem 32 are discussed in Shengwei Wang and Xinhua Xu, "Parameter Estimation of Internal Thermal Mass of Building Dynamic Models using Genetic Algorithm", Energy Conversion and Management 47, 2005, pages 1927-1941, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • House 10 is a continuous subsystem and plural analog-to-digital converters 40 , 42 provide digitized data of the mode of conditioni ng apparatus 1 4 and the measured indoor air temperature of the conditioned area 1 5 of the house 1 0 for use in the discrete state esti mator subsystem 32 in the illustrated embodi ment.
  • the output of state esti mator subsystem 32 is i ndicative of the mass temperature T M of the house 1 0 and is applied to an analog-to-digital converter 46 which provides dig itized data of the mass temperature T M for use within the thermostat control ler su bsystem 30.
  • thermostat controller 30 is configured to use the fast and slow temperatu re offsets to control operation of cond itioni ng apparatus 1 4 to heat and cool the conditioned area 1 5 of the house 1 5 at different discrete moments in time.
  • thermostat controller 30 is configured to determi ne a difference 48 between the slow temperature offset T s and mass temperature T M .
  • the determ ined difference is added 50 to the fast temperature offset T F to provide a combi ned temperature offset which is added 52 to the desired temperature set point T D of conditioned area 1 5 to provide an adjusted temperature set point T c .
  • the adjusted temperature set poi nt T c implements demand response control operations and is the new temperature set poi nt which is desired to be control led to in consideration of the price of the electrical energy wh ich is supplied to the house 1 0 in the described embodiment.
  • An error E corresponding to the difference between the adjusted temperature set poi nt T c and the measured air temperatu re T A of the conditioned area 1 5 is applied to mode controller 56 which uses the determi ned error to control the operational mode of conditioning apparatus 1 4.
  • mode controller 56 may have two set points, one for heating and one for cooling .
  • the mode controller 56 may also operate in an automatic mode to automatically choose heating or cooling based on the temperature set points in at least one embodiment.
  • the user selects heating or cooling and the mode controller 56 controls whether the conditioning apparatus 14 is on or off at different moments in time.
  • the mode controller 56 may support occupancy schedules to allow occupants to assign different set points for specific hours of the day and days of the week.
  • mode controller 56 If the error E which is applied to mode controller 56 is negative, the air temperature T A is greater than expected and mode controller 56 outputs a mode control signal M which is equal to -1 to instruct the conditioning apparatus 14 to be in the "on" operational mode to cool the conditioned area 15. If the error E is zero, the air temperature T A is at the expected temperature and mode controller 56 outputs a mode control signal M which is equal to 0 to instruct the conditioning apparatus 14 to be in the "off" operational mode to cool the conditioned area 15. If the error E is positive, the air temperature T A is less than expected and mode controller 56 outputs a mode control signal M which is equal to 1 to instruct the conditioning apparatus 14 to be in the "on" operational mode to heat the conditioned area 15. In some embodiments, the mode controller outputs a mode control signal M which is equal to 2 to instruct the conditioning apparatus 14 to be in the supplemental or emergency heating mode.
  • the error E is used to change the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus 14 at discrete moments in time, for example, according to a common interval or period, such as every 5 minutes in the described embodiment.
  • the operational mode selected by the mode controller 56 at the beginning of a given interval is maintained for the entire interval in one embodiment. This controlling the change of operational mode at such discrete moments in time and maintaining the same operational mode during the entire interval prevents quick cycling of the conditioning apparatus 14 between different operational modes.
  • the length of time of the interval or period between the discrete moments in time when changes to the operational mode are allowed be made may be greater than a minimum runtime of the conditioning apparatus (e.g., air conditioners and heat-pumps may have minimum runtime requirements to allow for pressure equalization before the next start to reduce motor wear and tear that occurs during compressor start-up with non-zero vapor back-pressure).
  • the selection of the length of the interval to be greater than the minimum runtime of the conditioning apparatus 14 in combination with the maintenance of the conditioning apparatus in the same operational mode during the length of the entire interval assures that the conditioning apparatus 14 is operated appropriately and does not cycle too quickly.
  • thermostat controller 30 enables control of the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus 14 with zero deadband and changes to the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus 14 may be made without hysteresis.
  • some conventional analog and digital thermostats change the operational mode after the actual temperature of a conditioned area exceeds a set point by an amount which equal to the deadband to reduce quick cycling.
  • changes are made to the operational mode by the thermostat controller 30 at defined moments in time based upon adjusted temperature set point T c and the measured air temperature T A and not due to changes in temperature in excess of a deadband.
  • changes to the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus are synchronized in time with the reception of updates to the control signal (e.g., every 5 minutes).
  • changes to the operational mode of the conditioning apparatus 14 are made at discrete moments in time defined by an interval, the operational mode may remain the same before and after individual discrete moments in time without a change if the error does not indicate that changes to the operational mode should be made.
  • mode controller 56 is applied to digital-to-analog converter 58 and the digitized output M controls the operational mode of conditioning apparatus 14.
  • the converter 58 operates as a zero order sample/hold circuit in the illustrated embodiment which holds a constant output for the duration of an interval and which makes the discrete input from the mode controller 56 at the beginning of an interval appear as a continuous signal throughout the respective interval.
  • the control signal M is applied to the conditioning apparatus 14 to control the operational mode of conditioning apparatus 14 to heat or cool the conditioned area 15.
  • Element G of Fig. 3 corresponds to the coil, compressor and fan of conditioning apparatus 14 and the amount of power (W) and energy (W h ) to generate the heat Q which is applied to the conditioned area 15 may also be determined and output.
  • some embodiments of the thermostat have minimal or zero deadband (hysteresis) which reduces aggregate load drift (reduces differences between measured load and cleared load) while maintaining satisfactory control of temperature of the conditioned area.
  • consumers may configure the thermostat with different comfort preferences for different occupancy modes such as home, away, wake, sleep, etc. in one implementation.
  • the disclosed thermostats provide energy shifting (reduce or increase in load) and cost savings based upon the control signal and provide an energy demand elasticity of an entire residential load between 10% - 25% for air conditioning (heating or cooling) during peak times in some embodiments. Further elasticity is provided if the thermostats are used with other thermostatic end-use loads, such as refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dish washers, clothes washers, and dryers.
  • thermostats provide demand response in real-time distribution capacity auction systems.
  • the disclosed thermostats may be implemented in arrangements to provide demand response which is one of the most cost-effective intermittency mitigation resources available to grid operators.
  • At least some embodiments of the thermostat provide benefits of transactive systems, which implement demand response based on price of electricity (or other control), including environmental benefits associated with increased integration of renewable resources.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des thermostats et des procédés de fonctionnement. Selon un aspect de l'invention, un thermostat comprend une interface conçue pour recevoir un signal de commande, le signal de commande comprenant des composantes rapides et des composantes lentes, et les composantes rapides changeant à une vitesse accrue par comparaison avec des composantes lentes du signal de commande, un ensemble de circuits de commande comprenant un dispositif de commande à réponse rapide conçu pour utiliser les composantes rapides du signal de commande pour produire un décalage de température rapide, un dispositif de commande à réponse lente conçu pour utiliser les composantes lentes du signal de commande pour produire un décalage de température lent, et l'ensemble de circuit de commande étant conçu pour utiliser le décalage de température rapide et le décalage de température lent pour commander à un appareil de conditionnement de chauffer et/ou refroidir une zone conditionnée à différents moments dans le temps.
PCT/US2015/042122 2014-07-24 2015-07-24 Thermostats et procédés de fonctionnement WO2016015017A1 (fr)

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US201462028736P 2014-07-24 2014-07-24
US62/028,736 2014-07-24
US201462086953P 2014-12-03 2014-12-03
US62/086,953 2014-12-03

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