WO2016012465A1 - Circuit pour onduleur multipoints npc comprenant un réseau de décharge - Google Patents

Circuit pour onduleur multipoints npc comprenant un réseau de décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016012465A1
WO2016012465A1 PCT/EP2015/066680 EP2015066680W WO2016012465A1 WO 2016012465 A1 WO2016012465 A1 WO 2016012465A1 EP 2015066680 W EP2015066680 W EP 2015066680W WO 2016012465 A1 WO2016012465 A1 WO 2016012465A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
input
discharge
output terminal
circuit arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/066680
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andrzej Mondzik
Adam PENCZEK
Marek Rylko
Robert Stala
Milosz SZAREK
Slawomir Szot
Original Assignee
Sma Solar Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102014110490.0A external-priority patent/DE102014110490B4/de
Application filed by Sma Solar Technology Ag filed Critical Sma Solar Technology Ag
Publication of WO2016012465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016012465A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/4811—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode having auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuits connected to intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/4815—Resonant converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for a multipoint inverter with a discharge network. More particularly, the invention relates to a circuit arrangement having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a multipoint inverter is understood to mean in particular a three-phase inverter in which an output connection via which an output alternating current is output is alternately also connected to a neutral electrical potential in addition to a positive electrical potential and a negative electrical potential in order to form the alternating output current.
  • the multipoint inverter with the relief network can also be a five-point inverter or even a seven-point inverter.
  • NPC Neutral Point Clamped
  • a three-point inverter called NPC is available from Akira Nabae et al., A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 1A-17, no. 5, September / October 1981, pages 518 to 523.
  • four power switches are connected in series between input terminals for a DC input voltage.
  • the center of this series connection leads to an output terminal, via which an output alternating current is output.
  • the intermediate points of the series connection on both sides of the center are each connected via reverse-biased diodes to a center tap of a DC input voltage applied to the input terminals.
  • the outer power switches connected at one end to the input terminals are connected at their other end directly to the output terminal, while the inner power switches are connected between the Center tap of the DC input voltage and the output terminal are connected in series or in parallel, that with one inner power switch, the current flow in one and with the other inner power switch, the current flow in the other direction between the center tap and the output terminal can be switched off.
  • a switching device which can be switched separately in both directions is realized between the center tap and the output terminal.
  • the schematic of a BSNPC inverter is basically the same as that described above for an N PC inverter.
  • ARCP Advanced Resonant Commutation Pole
  • a throttle between the center tap of the DC input voltage and the output terminal is connected in series with the two inner circuit breakers.
  • a current flowing through the throttle is detected. Only when a zero current is measured during this detection, the respectively clocked inner circuit breaker is opened. The occurrence of the zero current is ensured by a resonant circuit in which the inductor is arranged as a resonance inductance, and which extends over the center tap to link capacitors of an input side DC link of the ARCP inverter.
  • a parallel-connected capacitor is provided for switching relief.
  • the relief network is formed of at least one coil, two capacitors and a series circuit of four poled in the same direction diodes, of which the two outer diodes are each connected directly to the input terminals for the positive and negative pole of a DC input voltage.
  • the midpoint between the two inner diodes is connected on the one hand via the coil with a center tap of the DC input voltage and on the other hand with a central bridge branch of the three-phase inverter.
  • the two capacitors are each one on the other hand connected to an intermediate point between one of the inner and one of the outer diodes and on the other hand to the output terminal. Together with the coil, the capacitors each form a resonant circuit.
  • This resonant circuit is used to charge the respective capacitor to the DC input voltage when the outer circuit breaker opposite it is opened. When closing this external circuit breaker discharges the previously charged capacitor and thus takes over the current flowing through the circuit breaker current and thus provides a switching discharge for this circuit breaker. For complete discharge of the capacitor another, across the output terminal across the throttle formed resonant circuit is used.
  • the pulses of complementary clocking one of the outer circuit breakers with one of the inner circuit breakers may also be mutually exclusive overlap.
  • any current from the center tap to the output port forcibly flows through the throttle. Accordingly, this choke must be dimensioned for the maximum current of this current.
  • the multipoint inverter circuit arrangement has a positive pole input terminal and a negative input DC terminal input terminal, a DC center voltage center voltage tap center, an output terminal for output AC output, two outer power switches each having one connected to the two input terminals, two inner power switches, which are each connected on the one hand directly or via a diode to the center tap and on the other hand directly or via a diode to the output terminal, and a discharge network for the outer power switch on.
  • the relief network comprises at least one capacitor, wherein for each of the capacitors, a charging path between the output terminal and the center tap, in which the respective capacitor is connected in series with a throttle.
  • each of the input terminals also extends a discharge path for one of the capacitors, said discharge path branches from the output terminal seen behind the respective capacitor and before the throttle in a branch of the respective charging path and wherein between the branch and the input terminal a unidirectional Switching element is arranged in this discharge path and thus not in the Aufladepfad, which is aligned with respect to the pole of the input DC voltage at that of the input terminals to which the discharge path is connected in the reverse direction.
  • a switching device is connected in series with the capacitor and the choke, which is actively activatable for each forward direction of each of the unidirectional switching elements in all discharge paths connected to the respective charging path to temporarily allow a unidirectional current in one direction, which is the opposite of the respective forward direction seen from the output terminal.
  • a unidirectional current in the respective direction z. B. also be prevented to prevent unwanted charging of the capacitor, or also to limit a desired charging of the capacitor.
  • the inner circuit breakers are connected directly or via a diode to the center tap or the output terminal means that they are permanently electrically conductive with the center tap or the output terminal for each direct current or at least for a direct current of a predetermined by the forward direction of the respective diode direction are connected.
  • This does not exclude that in the respective compound additionally an inductive tives or resistive component is arranged. With the diode even more diodes of the same forward direction can be connected in parallel or in series.
  • a divided DC voltage intermediate circuit is usually arranged, whose center forms the center tap for the voltage center of the DC input voltage.
  • the divided DC voltage intermediate circuit can be composed of two or more capacitors.
  • circuit arrangement according to the invention can be arranged in each of the charging paths, a separate throttle from the output terminal on the one hand behind the branch of the discharge path and thus not in the discharge path and on the other hand before the connection of the inner circuit breaker with the center tap. None of these separate chokes in each of the charging paths will then be in communication between the inner power switches and the center tap, and none of the separate chokes must therefore carry the current flowing between the center tap and the output port via the inner power switches. Accordingly, it must be designed only for the current flowing through the charging path.
  • the throttle assigned to it separately has basically the same function as the one throttle of the circuit arrangement according to DE 10 2010 008 426 B4.
  • the separate throttle is not involved.
  • the discharge of the respective capacitor is neither via a resonant circuit in which the separate throttle is arranged, nor is a current from the capacitor to the center tap attenuated by the separate throttle. This must be taken into account in the pulsed control of the middle circuit breakers.
  • the actively controllable switching device present in each charging path can comprise for each forward direction of each of the unidirectional switching elements in all discharge paths connected to the respective charging path a further non-actively activatable unidirectional switching element, ie a diode, and an actively activatable switching element.
  • the non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element must not be at the same time in the associated discharge path. This also applies to a one-piece switching device, for example in the form of an actively controllable unidirectional switching element or more generally for the part of the actively controllable switching device, which dictates the unidirectionality of the unidirectional streams selectively permitted by it.
  • any other part of the actively activatable switching device can also be located where the charging path and the discharge path coincide.
  • the actively controllable switching element can also be arranged between the output terminal and the branch of the discharge path of the Aufladepfad. In that case, however, it must be a bidirectional switching element that is closed at the time of the switching discharge to be provided with the respective capacitor, as long as it also shuts off a current flow in the discharge direction of the capacitor in the opened state.
  • the actively controllable switching element means "bidirectional" that it allows a flow of current in both directions, but this can not necessarily switch off in both directions.
  • the actively controllable bidirectional switching element may be a transistor having an anti-parallel diode, whose forward direction is then oriented opposite to the forward direction of the diode, which forms the unidirectional switching element that can not be actively activated.
  • the antiparallel diode may, for example, be a body diode of the transistor.
  • the non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element and the actively controllable switching element of the switching device of the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be connected in series with the interposition of the capacitor and / or the throttle in the Aufladepfad. They can also be arranged on the same side of the condenser and / or the throttle.
  • each discharge path can be connected directly to the respective input connection.
  • Each charging path and thus also each discharge path is preferably connected directly to the output terminal in the circuit arrangement according to the invention in order to realize its charging and also its discharging for switching discharge independently of the switching position of the inner circuit breaker.
  • each charging path may be directly or through the connection of the inner power switches with the center tap to the center tap.
  • a common throttle for all charging paths in the connection of the inner circuit breaker may be arranged with the center tap.
  • an additional auxiliary choke may be provided in the connection of the inner circuit breaker to the center tap to attenuate currents which may flow from the respective capacitor serving for switching discharge but not fully discharged, when the inner circuit breaker clocked in complement to the switch-relieved outer circuit breaker is closed.
  • the auxiliary choke can be arranged not only in the region of the connection of the inner circuit breaker with the center tap, run on the all charging paths, but also outside this area.
  • auxiliary choke may also be arranged in the connection of the inner circuit breakers to the output terminal, then from the inner circuit breakers before the connection of the charging paths and discharge paths to the output terminal, or - in series with inner circuit breakers - between the inner circuit breakers.
  • the inductance of each separate inductor in each charging path can also be at least twice, five times or ten times as large as an inductance of this auxiliary inductor.
  • the auxiliary throttle can be designed as an air throttle.
  • the relief network has two capacitors, each one of the associated external circuit breaker and for each of which a charging path and a discharge path are available.
  • the on-direction of the one switching element in the discharge path and the direction of the unidirectional current through the switching device in the charging path for each capacitor are opposite to each other from the output exclusion.
  • the unidirectional switching elements are reverse-biased with respect to the input voltage pole at that of the input terminals to which the discharge path is connected.
  • the unidirectional switching elements of the circuit arrangement according to the invention thus largely correspond to the outer diodes of the known from DE 10 2010 08 426 B4 circuit arrangement, while the local inner diodes are replaced in the circuit arrangement according to the invention by actively controllable switching devices to parts also elsewhere in the respective Charging path can be arranged.
  • the discharge path branches off behind the respective condenser and upstream of the throttle in a diverting from the charging path for the respective condenser, viewed from the output terminal, and wherein between the branch and the input terminal, another unidirectional switching element is arranged in the discharge path, which is in the reverse direction with respect to the pole of the input DC voltage at that of the input terminals to which the discharge path is connected,
  • the unidirectional switching element in each of the charging paths has a forward direction opposite to the forward direction of the further unidirectional switching element in the discharge path connected to the respective charging path from the output terminal, and
  • the relieving network has a capacitor for which a bidirectional charging path is present from which discharge paths branch off to both input terminals.
  • the switching device in the bidirectional charging path is actively controllable to temporarily allow a unidirectional current in one or the other direction.
  • a center tap for a voltage center of the DC input voltage, an output terminal for outputting an AC output current
  • two external circuit breakers one connected to one of the two input terminals
  • two inner circuit breakers each of which on the one hand directly or via a diode with the middle labgriff and on the other hand are connected directly or via a diode to the output terminal
  • a discharge circuit for the external circuit breakers comprising a capacitor
  • the switching means has two passage directions and is actively drivable in each of the two passage directions to temporarily allow a unidirectional flow in the respective passage direction, and wherein a discharge path for the condenser runs between the output port and each of the input ports;
  • discharge path branches off behind the condenser and upstream of the throttle in a branch from the bidirectional charging path, viewed from the output terminal, and
  • a unidirectional switching element is arranged in the discharge path, which is aligned in the reverse direction with respect to the pole of the input DC voltage at that of the input terminals to which the discharge path is connected
  • the switching device can have two actively activatable switching elements which are each arranged in one of two unidirectionally current-carrying antiparallel partial paths of the charging path.
  • the directions of the unidirectional current flow through the sub-paths can each be predetermined by a non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element.
  • the two partial paths of the bidirectional charging path can intersect.
  • the non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element in one and the actively activatable switching element in the other sub-path as well as after the crossing the actively controllable switching element in the to arrange one and the unidirectional switching element which can not be actively activated in the other partial path.
  • This corresponds to a series connection of two actively activatable switching elements with antiparallel diodes, such as, for example, MOSFETs with body diodes, the diodes of the diodes facing away from one another as seen from the output terminal.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be applied to a multiplicity of three-point and multipoint inverters. These include N PC Inverters, BSNPC Inverters, ARCP and S3L Inverters.
  • a control is provided for timing the circuit breaker and also each actively controllable switching device of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • This control may drive the switching means in the charging path from which the discharge path leads to the one input terminal within a period of time over which it shuts the outer power switch in pulses connected to the other input terminal.
  • the controller controls the switching means in the period so as to allow a unidirectional current in the opposite direction to the forward direction of the unidirectional switching element in the discharge path leading to the one input terminal.
  • the capacitor which is provided for the charging path, as a switching relief.
  • the control of the circuit arrangement according to the invention controls the actively controllable switching device only within a sub-period of the period over which it clocks the respective outer circuit breaker, ie in pulses closes.
  • This partial period is characterized in that an amount of an instantaneous value of the output alternating current output via the output connection complies with a lower limit value and that the instantaneous value of the output alternating current and an instantaneous value of the output alternating voltage have the same sign.
  • the limit value is to be dimensioned such that the condenser serving for switching discharge is discharged at least substantially completely at each discharge process, and within a short time. This time must as Dead time between the pulses remain in which the outer circuit breaker and the complementary clocked inner circuit breaker are closed.
  • the control of the circuit arrangement according to the invention can control the actively controllable switching device not only once per half cycle of the output AC output current, but also in pulses having the same frequency as the pulses in which it closes the respective circuit breaker. These pulses are preferably completely within the pulses in which the controller closes the outer circuit breaker. Ideally, the pulses for which the actively actuable switching device is driven are synchronized with the pulses in which the control closes the outer circuit breaker. The width of these pulses, for which the actively controllable switching device is activated, can also be used to influence the degree of charging of the switch which relieves the load on the external circuit breaker. The width of the pulses, for which the actively controllable switching device is driven, but can also be constant.
  • a circuit arrangement for a multiphase multipoint inverter has for each phase an output terminal, two external power switches, one of which is connected to one of the two input terminals, two internal circuit breakers and a discharge network for the outer circuit breakers with at least one capacitor and a charging path for each of the capacitors.
  • the charging paths for all capacitors which are provided for switching discharge for those of the circuit breakers, which are connected to the same of the two input terminals, each lead via a common throttle, or even lead all charging paths via a single common throttle, directly to the center tap connected is.
  • the multiphase multipoint inverter has only one or two reactors shared by all relief networks of the different phases.
  • the common throttle over which the charging paths lead, but can also be provided as an auxiliary throttle, d. H. in addition to separate chokes in all the individual charging paths or to two common chokes of all the charging paths for each of the capacitors provided for switching discharge for those of the circuit breakers connected to the same of the two input terminals.
  • Another circuit arrangement for a multiphase multipoint inverter has for each phase an output terminal, two external circuit breakers, each of which is connected to one of the two input terminals, and two inner power switches and a discharge circuit for the outer power switch with a capacitor and a bidirectional charging path for the capacitor.
  • the outer and the inner circuit breakers are connected in the manner of a BSNPC inverter, wherein the inner circuit breakers comprise a series circuit of two actively activatable switching elements, each of which a non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element is connected in anti-parallel.
  • the switching device in each Aufladepfad comprises a series circuit of two active controllable switching elements, each of which a non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element is connected in anti-parallel.
  • each bidirectional charging path of the discharge network runs for one phase via one of the two actively activatable switching elements of the inner circuit breaker another phase to the center tap, this actively controllable switching element is also one of the actively controllable switching elements of the switching device.
  • each bidirectional charging path has only one additional actively activatable switching element with antiparallel-switched non-actively activatable unidirectional switching element, and it uses an actively controllable switching element with antiparallel switched non-actively controllable unidirectional switching element of the inner circuit breaker another phase.
  • This is possible at least in those timing methods in which the inner power switches of the other phases are inactive in each case when the actively activatable switching elements are to be actuated in the bidirectional charging path of the relief network for the one phase.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention in a first embodiment based on a BSNPC inverter.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the driving of actively activatable unidirectional switching elements of the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 in an embodiment with a phase angle of zero between the output AC output voltage and the output AC voltage.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the activation of the actively activatable unidirectional switching elements of the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 in an embodiment with an alternating output voltage lagging the AC output voltage.
  • 4 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a second embodiment based on an N PC inverter.
  • 5 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a further embodiment based on a BSNPC inverter.
  • Fig. 6 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in still another
  • Embodiment based on a BSNPC inverter Embodiment based on a BSNPC inverter.
  • Fig. 7 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in yet another embodiment based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • FIG. 8 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in yet a further embodiment, likewise based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • FIG 9 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in yet a further embodiment, based on a 3-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • Fig. 10 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a further embodiment, based on a single-phase BSNPC inverter, wherein a discharge network has only one capacitor.
  • FIG. 11 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in an embodiment modified from FIG. 10, likewise based on a single-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • FIG. 12 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a further embodiment, based on a single-phase N PC inverter, wherein a relieving network also has only one capacitor here.
  • FIG. 13 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a further embodiment, based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter, wherein each one of the three phases provided relief network has only one capacitor.
  • FIG. 14 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a modification with respect to FIG. 13 with only one throttle for all three discharge networks.
  • Fig. 16 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a modification with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 15 with only a single throttle for all three phases.
  • FIG. 17 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in yet another embodiment, based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter with only one capacitor per discharge network for one of the three phases and a reduced total number of switching elements to be actively controlled;
  • Fig. 18 shows the circuit arrangement according to the invention in yet another embodiment, based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter with only one capacitor per discharge network for each one of the three phases with analogous to Fig. 17 reduced total number of actively to be controlled switching elements and only a single throttle for all three phases.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 is based on a BSNPC inverter. It has two input terminals 1 1 and 21 for a positive and a negative pole of a DC input voltage u in .
  • the DC input voltage u in is applied via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 2 with two DC link capacitors 12 and 22 and a center tap 3.
  • Between the circuit breakers 13 and 23 is an output terminal 4, via which an output alternating current i load is output.
  • the output terminal 4 is connected to the center tap 3 via series-connected internal power switches 14 and 24.
  • the power switches 13, 14, 23 and 24 are each formed here as IGBTs with antiparallel diodes 5.
  • the anti-parallel diodes 5 of the outer power switches 13 and 23 are the input DC voltage u aligned in the reverse direction with respect to.
  • the anti-parallel diodes 5 of the inner power switches 14 and 24 have mutually opposing reverse directions.
  • the power switches 13, 14, 23 and 24 are driven in the circuit 1 as well as in a conventional BSNPC inverter.
  • a relief network 6 is provided, the two capacitors 15 and 25, two throttles 16 and 26, two switching devices 17, 27 and two unidirectional switching elements 18, 28 has.
  • one of the capacitors 15 and 25 is connected in series with one of the reactors 16 and 26 and one of the switching devices 17 and 27 in a charging path 19 or 29.
  • This Aufladepfad 19 and 29 is connected to a capacitor end with the output terminal 4 and a throttle end with a connection 38 between the middle labgriff 3 and the series circuit of the inner circuit breaker 14 and 24 connected. From each of the charging paths 19 and 29 branches off between the respective capacitor 15 and 25 and the respective throttle 16 and 26, a discharge path 20 and 30 in a branch 35 from. From the output terminal 4 to the branches 35, the discharge paths 20 and 30 are identical to the charging paths 19 and 29. Beyond the branches 35, the discharge paths 20 and 30 are connected to the input terminals 21 and 11, respectively, via the unidirectional switching elements 18 and 28. The unidirectional switching elements 18 and 28 are here not actively controllable switching elements, specifically to diodes 7.
  • the switching devices 17 and 27 are actively controlled and formed here of series circuits of body diodes 8 having MOSFETs 9 with diodes 10 having a direction of a current pretend that can flow when driving the switching devices 17, 27. Seen from the output terminal 4 via the charging paths 19 and 29 and the discharge paths 20 and 30, the forward directions of the diodes 7 and 10 are opposite to each other. Between the input terminals 1 1 and 21, all diodes 7 and 10 are connected in series, with their center here on the connection 38 falls and their intermediate points on each side of the center on the branches 35 and wherein all diodes 7 and 10 with respect to the input DC voltage u in are aligned in the reverse direction.
  • the capacitor 15 is provided for switching discharge of the outer circuit breaker 13 and the capacitor 25 for switching discharge of the outer circuit breaker 23.
  • the charging and discharging of the capacitor 15 will be described as an example.
  • the charging and discharging of the capacitor 25 takes place accordingly.
  • the capacitor 15 with the inductor 16 forms a series resonant circuit in which the current flowing through the charging path 19 until charging the capacitor 15 to u 2 during a first quarter of a resonant period also energizes the inductor 16, which then energizes it during a second Quarter of the resonance period of the series resonant circuit with further charging of the capacitor 15 to u in again gives.
  • the resonant oscillation is subsequently terminated by the diode 10 in the series resonant circuit, so that the capacitor 15 can not discharge under renewed energization of the inductor 16. The discharge of the capacitor 15 takes place rather then, when the power switch 13 is opened, so that the current / '13 can no longer flow.
  • the capacitor 15 By the capacitor 15 through its discharge the output AC / '
  • This voltage y i3 is the sum of the DC input voltage u in and the voltage Ui 5 dropping across the capacitor 15. Since the capacitor 15 has been charged to u in , the voltage y i3 across the power switch 13 is therefore initially zero and does not rise until the voltage ui 5 of the capacitor 15 drops below u in . In this way, a switching discharge is realized by de-energized switching of the circuit breaker 13.
  • the actively controllable switching device 27 is driven accordingly.
  • the respective other actively activatable switching device 27 or 17 ie by keeping open the respective MOSFET 9, so that even in the forward direction of the respective diode 10 no current can flow, it is ensured during the part-time periods 31 and 32 that the previously charged capacitor 15 or 25 when opening the respective circuit breaker to be relieved 13 and 23 is not partially discharged via the other capacitor 25 and 15 respectively.
  • Such an undesirably charged capacitor 25 or 15 would be as short circuited during the subsequent driving of the complementary to the outer circuit breaker 13 or 23 clocked inner circuit breaker 24 , thereby as in the case of discharge not yet completely discharged capacitor 15 and 25.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that at one of the alternating output voltage u out, the trailing alternating current / '
  • FIG. 3 shows that it is also possible not to permanently actuate the switching devices 17 and 27 for the entire subregions 31 and 32, but only for pulses which are synchronized with the pulses for which the respective external power switches 13 and 23 when the bar is closed.
  • the Pulse, with which the switching means 17 and 27 are driven at least as long as half the resonance period of the series resonant circuit of the capacitor 15 and 25 and the throttle 16 and 26 by shorter pulses than half the resonance period of the series resonant circuit, the charging of the respective Capacitors 15 and 25 are also limited to less than Uin to its discharge even at low output AC / '
  • the actual output AC voltage Uout that is actually output is not shown, which is a pulse-width-modulated square-wave signal. Rather, it is the desired output AC voltage u out , ie a specification for the pulse width modulation in the control of the outer power switches 13 and 23, which is in phase with the fundamental wave of the voltage at the output terminal 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention, which starts from an NPC inverter, in which the outer power switches 13 and 23 and the inner power switches 14 and 24 are connected in series, wherein the center of the series circuit forms the output terminal 4.
  • diodes 34 which are U aligned with respect to the input DC voltage in reverse direction to the center tap 3.
  • these diodes 34 are also the inner breaker 14 and 24 on the one hand connected to the center tap 3, while on the other hand are connected directly to the output terminal 4.
  • the relief network 6 is here basically designed in the same way as in FIG. 1, even if the actively activatable switching devices 17 and 27 are shown here only schematically.
  • auxiliary throttle 39 is provided in the connection 38 between the inner circuit breakers 14 and 24 and the center tap 3.
  • the auxiliary choke 39 may also be provided between the inner circuit breakers 14 and 24 or between the inner circuit breakers 14 and 24 and the output terminal 4, but then from the inner circuit breakers 14 and 24 seen before the common connection of the charging paths 19, 29 and discharge paths 20, 30 to the output terminal 4.
  • the auxiliary inductor 39 is so small that they even if they are in the series resonant circuit with the respective capacitor 15 or 25 and the respective Throttle 16 or 26 is located, whose resonance inductance does not significantly affect.
  • the embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention shown in Fig. 6 differs from that according to FIG.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention for a three-phase BSNPC inverter, the structure of each phase corresponding to FIG.
  • the actively activatable switching devices 17 and 27 are only shown schematically here. They can also be realized differently than shown in FIG. 1, as is also the case for all other embodiments of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 7 has three output connections 4, at which it outputs one phase each of the three-phase output alternating current.
  • 8 illustrates a circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention for a further three-phase BSNPC inverter, the structure corresponding to FIG. 7, except that all charging paths 19 lead via a common throttle 16 and lead all charging paths 29 via a common throttle 26.
  • the chokes 16 and 26 are shared by the relief networks 6 for all three phases. If only one of the actively activatable switching devices 17, 27 in the charging path 19, 29 is closed at all times, there is nevertheless no mutual interference in the resonant charging of the individual capacitors 15 and 25.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention for a further three-phase BSNPC inverter, the structure corresponding to FIG. 7, except that all the charging paths 19, 29 lead via a common choke 16.
  • the throttle 16 is arranged here in the connections 38 between the middle labgriff 3 and the respective inner circuit breakers 14 and 24 for the individual phases. This location of the throttle 16 basically corresponds to that of a throttle in the case of the circuit arrangement known from DE 10 2010 008 426 B4. Notwithstanding DE 10 2010 008 426 B4, however, an actively controllable switching device 17 or 27 is arranged in the inventive circuit arrangement 1 in each of the charging paths 19 and 29 in order to selectively activate the charging paths unidirectionally, and in the embodiment shown here only the one Throttle 16 for all three phases available.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention based on a single-phase BSNPC inverter, in which the relief network 6 has only a single capacitor 45, which is charged via a bidirectional charging path 49 with different polarity and of which in the junction 35 the two Discharge paths 20 and 30 to the two input terminals 1 1 and 21 branch off.
  • a throttle 46 which is located between the branch 35 and the center tap 3, and an actively controllable switching device 41 is provided, which is connected in series with the throttle 46.
  • the switching device 41 is actively controllable to selectively pass either a current with opposite direction with respect to the forward direction of the diode 7 in the discharge path 20 or a current with opposite direction with respect to the forward direction of the diode 7 in the discharge path 30, through which Capacitor 45 is charged with one or the other polarity. It includes the Partial paths of the bidirectional charging path 49 for the two unidirectional currents of opposite direction each extend through an actively controllable switching element 50 of the one and the body diode 8 of the other MOSFETs 9, the direction of the electricity. A resulting from the series connection of the MOSFETs cross-connection between the actively controllable switching elements 50 and the body diodes 8 is the function of the switching device 41 to allow unidirectional current in only one direction, not contrary.
  • the sequence of the throttle 46 is interchanged with the switching device 41 between the branch 35 and the center tap 3, which is not decisive for the function of the circuit arrangement 1. It is also not decisive for the function that in FIG. 10 the two charging paths 19 and 29 separated in FIG. 1 are combined to form the bidirectional charging path 49, in which only one capacitor 45, a throttle 46 and a combined switching device 41 are arranged are. The two capacitors 15 and 25 of FIG. 1 are never used simultaneously for switching discharge. This finding is used in accordance with FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows a modification of the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 10, in which the switching device 41 is formed by two antiparallel-connected thyristors 37. When each one of the two thyristors is driven, the switching device 41 allows a unidirectional current in the forward direction of the controlled thyristor through the charging path 49.
  • the basic function of the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 11 is the same as that of the embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 10.
  • the embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 12 is based on a single-phase N PC inverter. Otherwise, it is constructed analogously to FIG. 10.
  • the throttles 16 and 26 are combined to form the throttle 46
  • the switching devices 17 and 27 are connected to the switching device 41
  • the capacitors 15 and 25 are combined to form the capacitor 45 which is used alternately for switching the external power switches 13 and 13 23 serves.
  • the throttle 46 lying in FIGS. 10 to 12 in each case only in the bidirectional charging path 49 and not in the connection 38 of the center tap 3 with the internal power switches 14 and 24 can be combined with an auxiliary throttle 39 arranged in this connection 38, as shown in FIG or a throttle 46 may be displaced into this connection 38 as in an S3L inverter (see Fig. 16, bottom).
  • Fig. 13 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • a relief network 6 according to FIG. 10 is provided for each of the three phases in addition to the external circuit breakers 13 and 23 and the internal circuit breakers 14 and 24.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 14 is likewise based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter, wherein each phase, including the relief network 6, is fundamentally constructed as in FIG. 1 1.
  • the sequence of the choke 46 and the active is controllable switching device 41 in the form of anti-parallel thyristors 37 between the respective junction 35 and the middle labgriff 3 reversed.
  • only a single common throttle 46 is provided for all three relief networks 6, but not in the connections 38 of the center tap 3 with the inner circuit breakers 14 and 24, but only in the branching therefrom bidirectional Aufladepfaden 49th
  • the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 15 is likewise based on a three-phase BSNPC inverter.
  • the discharge networks 6 for the individual phases are basically the same as in FIG. 10, except that the order of the respective throttle 46 and the actively activatable switching device 41 is reversed and the throttle 46 in the respective connection 38 of the center tap 3 with the inner circuit breakers 14, 24 lies.
  • the chokes 46 of the three discharge networks 6 for all three phases are compared with FIG. 15 by a single common choke 46 between the center tap 3 and the branching of the connections 38 to the internal circuit breakers 14, 24 of the individual phases replaced.
  • the use of only one common throttle 46 in the circuit arrangements 1 according to FIGS. 14 and 16 is possible because this throttle 46 is needed at any time only for the resonant charging of one of the capacitors 45.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 17 is to be regarded as a variant of the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 13.
  • one of the two series-connected MOSFETs 9 of the actively activatable switching device 41 is formed in each bidirectional charging path 49 of the discharge network 6 for one phase by one of the two MOSFETs 9, which together form the inner power switches 14 and 24 of a different phase.
  • the MOSFET 9, which forms the actively controllable switching element 50 of one of the inner circuit breaker 24 of a different phase as a second MOSFET 9 in the bidirectional charging path 49 of the discharge network 6 for the one phase.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit (1) pour un onduleur multipoints comprenant une borne d'entrée (11) pour un pôle positif et une borne d'entrée (21) pour un pôle négatif d'une tension continue d'entrée (U in), une prise centrale (3) pour un point central de la tension continue d'entrée (U in) et une borne de sortie (4) permettant de délivrer un courant alternatif de sortie (/|0ad), deux disjoncteurs extérieurs (13, 23), parmi lesquels respectivement l'un est relié à l'une des deux bornes d'entrée (11, 21), deux disjoncteurs intérieurs (14, 24), qui sont reliés chacun d'une part à la prise centrale (3) directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une diode (5) et d'autre part à la borne de sortie (4) directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une diode (5), et un réseau de décharge (6). Le réseau de décharge (6) comprend au moins un condensateur (15, 25), un chemin de charge (19, 29) s'étendant entre la borne de sortie (4) et la prise centrale (3) pour chacun des condensateurs (15, 25) du réseau de décharge, par le fait que le condensateur (15, 25) respectif est monté en série avec une bobine de self (16, 26). Un chemin de décharge (20, 30) pour un des condensateurs (15, 25) s'étend entre la borne de sortie (4) et chacune des bornes d'entrée (11, 21), le chemin de décharge (20, 30), vu à partir de la borne de sortie (4), bifurquant du chemin de charge (19, 29) respectif dans une bifurcation (35) derrière le condensateur (15, 25) respectif et devant la bobine de self (16, 26). Un élément de commutation unidirectionnel (18, 28) est disposé dans le chemin de décharge (20, 30) entre la bifurcation (35) et la borne d'entrée (21, 11), et est orienté dans un sens de blocage par rapport au pôle de la tension continue d'entrée (U in) sur la borne, parmi les bornes d'entrée (11, 21), à laquelle le chemin de décharge (20, 30) est relié. Dans chacun des chemins de charge (19, 29), un dispositif de commutation (17, 27) est monté en série avec le condensateur (15, 25) et la bobine de self (16, 26,), lequel dispositif peut être commandé activement pour chaque sens de passage de chacun des éléments de commutation unidirectionnels (18, 19) dans tous les chemins de décharge (20, 30) raccordés au chemin de charge (19, 29, 49) respectif, afin de laisser temporairement passer un courant unidirectionnel dans un sens qui est opposé au sens de passage respectif, vu à partir de la borne de sortie (4).
PCT/EP2015/066680 2014-07-24 2015-07-21 Circuit pour onduleur multipoints npc comprenant un réseau de décharge WO2016012465A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014110490.0 2014-07-24
DE102014110490.0A DE102014110490B4 (de) 2014-07-24 2014-07-24 Schaltungsanordnung für einen Mehrpunktwechselrichter mit Entlastungsnetzwerk
DE102014119505 2014-12-23
DE102014119505.1 2014-12-23

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WO2016012465A1 true WO2016012465A1 (fr) 2016-01-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105978372A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-28 浙江埃菲生能源科技有限公司 一种拓扑电路以及半桥拓扑电路以及三相全桥拓扑电路
CN109756140A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-14 哈尔滨工业大学 一种具有提高升压比的y源逆变器

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DE102010008426A1 (de) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 Hochschule Konstanz, 78462 3-Stufen-Pulswechselrichter mit Entlastungsnetzwerk

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DE102010008426A1 (de) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 Hochschule Konstanz, 78462 3-Stufen-Pulswechselrichter mit Entlastungsnetzwerk

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GEKELER MANFRED W: "Soft switching three level inverter (S3L inverter)", 2013 15TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (EPE), IEEE, 2 September 2013 (2013-09-02), pages 1 - 10, XP032505189, DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6631756 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105978372A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-28 浙江埃菲生能源科技有限公司 一种拓扑电路以及半桥拓扑电路以及三相全桥拓扑电路
CN105978372B (zh) * 2016-06-20 2018-06-22 浙江埃菲生能源科技有限公司 一种拓扑电路以及半桥拓扑电路以及三相全桥拓扑电路
CN109756140A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-14 哈尔滨工业大学 一种具有提高升压比的y源逆变器

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