WO2016010779A1 - Système de mesure - Google Patents

Système de mesure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016010779A1
WO2016010779A1 PCT/US2015/039482 US2015039482W WO2016010779A1 WO 2016010779 A1 WO2016010779 A1 WO 2016010779A1 US 2015039482 W US2015039482 W US 2015039482W WO 2016010779 A1 WO2016010779 A1 WO 2016010779A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
sensor module
piston
control connector
fluid medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/039482
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Salvador REYES III
Emanuel Gottlieb
Donald Augenstein
Donald Coonrod
Original Assignee
Cameron International Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/330,311 external-priority patent/US9804039B2/en
Application filed by Cameron International Corporation filed Critical Cameron International Corporation
Priority to GB1621664.0A priority Critical patent/GB2542300A/en
Publication of WO2016010779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016010779A1/fr
Priority to NO20162064A priority patent/NO20162064A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/001—Survey of boreholes or wells for underwater installation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/52006—Means for monitoring or calibrating with provision for compensating the effects of temperature
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E21B33/0355—Control systems, e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, acoustic, for submerged well heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
    • E21B33/064—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers specially adapted for underwater well heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/16—Control means therefor being outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00

Definitions

  • a wellhead at the sea floor is positioned at the upper end of the subterranean wellbore lined with casing, a blowout preventer (“BOP") stack is mounted to the wellhead and a lower marine riser package (“LMRP”) is mounted to the BOP stack.
  • BOP blowout preventer
  • LMRP lower marine riser package
  • the upper end of the LMRP typically includes a flex joint coupled to the lower end of a drilling riser that extends upward to a drilling vessel at the sea surface.
  • a drill string is hung from the drilling vessel through the drilling riser, the LMRP, the BOP stack and the wellhead into the wellbore.
  • drilling fluid or mud
  • the BOP stack and/or LMRP may actuate to help seal the annulus and control the fluid pressure in the wellbore.
  • the BOP stack and the LMRP include closure members, or cavities, designed to help seal the wellbore and prevent the release of high- pressure formation fluids from the wellbore.
  • the BOP stack and LMRP function as pressure control devices.
  • hydraulic fluid for operating the BOP stack and the LMRP is provided using a common control system physically located on the surface drilling vessel.
  • the common control system may become inoperable, resulting in a loss of the ability to operate the BOP stack.
  • hydraulic fluid accumulators are filled with hydraulic fluid under pressure. The amount and size of the accumulators depends on the anticipated operation specifications for the well equipment.
  • An example of an accumulator includes a piston accumulator, which includes a hydraulic fluid section and a gas section separated by a piston movable within the accumulator.
  • the hydraulic fluid is placed into the fluid section of the accumulator and pressurized by injecting gas (typically inert gas, e.g., nitrogen) into the gas section.
  • gas typically inert gas, e.g., nitrogen
  • the fluid section is connected to a hydraulic circuit so that the hydraulic fluid may be used to operate the well equipment.
  • the piston moves within the accumulator under pressure from the gas to maintain pressure on the remaining hydraulic fluid until full discharge.
  • the ability or capacity of the accumulator to operate a piece of equipment depends on the amount of hydraulic fluid in the accumulator and the pressure of the gas. Thus, there is a need to know the volume of the hydraulic fluid remaining in an accumulator so that the capacity of the accumulator to operate well equipment may be determined and control of the well equipment may be managed. Measuring the volume of hydraulic fluid in the accumulator over time can also help identify if there is a leak in the accumulator or hydraulic circuit or on the gas side of the piston. [0007] Currently, the capacity of an accumulator to power equipment is determined by measuring the pressure in the hydraulic circuit downstream of the accumulator.
  • pressure is not an indicator of the overall capacity of an accumulator to operate equipment because the volume of hydraulic fluid remaining in the accumulator is not known.
  • accumulators are typically arranged in banks of multiple accumulators all connected to a common hydraulic circuit, therefore, the downstream pressure measurement is only an indication of the overall pressure in the bank, not per individual accumulator.
  • a possible way of determining the volume of hydraulic fluid remaining in the accumulator is to use a linear position sensor such as a cable-extension transducer or linear potentiometer that attaches inside the accumulator to measure the movement of the internal piston.
  • a linear position sensor such as a cable-extension transducer or linear potentiometer that attaches inside the accumulator to measure the movement of the internal piston.
  • these electrical components may fail and because the discharge of hydraulic fluid may be abrupt, the sensors may not be able to sample fast enough to obtain an accurate measurement.
  • Another method of determining the volume of hydraulic fluid is through the use of physical position indicators that extend from the accumulator. These indicators only offer visual feedback though and are insufficient for remote monitoring and pose a significant challenge to maintaining the integrity of the necessary mechanical seals under full operating pressures.
  • a system for determining the location of a movable element within a container in which an ultrasonic position sensing system is used to monitor the position of the movable element.
  • the position sensing system includes an ultrasonic sensor and control connector that measures and computes the position of the movable element relative to the position of the sensor.
  • an ultrasonic transducer in the accumulator directs an ultrasonic pulse toward a surface of the movable element. When the pulse is reflected off the surface, a corresponding echo is received by sensor module, and converted back into an electronic signal by the control connector.
  • the control connector determines several parameters to compute the position of the movable element, including the velocity of the pulse as a function of temperature and pressure and a fluid transit time of the ultrasonic pulse.
  • the system is able to determine the distance traveled by the ultrasonic pulse, which corresponds to the position of the movable element within the accumulator and, accordingly, the level of hydraulic fluid remaining in the accumulator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an offshore system for drilling and/or producing a subterranean wellbore
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a subsea BOP stack assembly and measurement system
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section view of an embodiment of a system for measuring the position of a movable element in a container
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail view of a measurement system for measuring the position of a movable element in a container
  • FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a transducer
  • FIG. 6 shows another exploded view of an embodiment of a transducer
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section view of an embodiment of a system for measuring the position of a movable element in a container including ultrasonic transducers on the fluid and gas sides of the accumulator.
  • Couple or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection, or through an indirect connection via other devices, components, and connections.
  • axial and axially generally mean along or parallel to a central axis (e.g., central axis of a body or a port), while the terms “radial” and “radially” generally mean perpendicular to the central axis.
  • an axial distance refers to a distance measured along or parallel to the central axis
  • a radial distance means a distance measured perpendicular to the central axis.
  • the system 10 includes an offshore vessel or platform 20 at the sea surface 12 and a subsea BOP stack assembly 100 mounted to a wellhead 30 at the sea floor 13.
  • the platform 20 is equipped with a derrick 21 that supports a hoist (not shown).
  • a tubular drilling riser 14 extends from the platform 20 to the BOP stack assembly 100.
  • the riser 14 returns drilling fluid or mud to the platform 20 during drilling operations.
  • One or more hydraulic conduits 15 extend along the outside of the riser 14 from the platform 20 to the BOP stack assembly 100.
  • the one or more hydraulic conduits 15 supply pressurized hydraulic fluid to the assembly 100.
  • Casing 31 extends from the wellhead 30 into the subterranean wellbore 1 1.
  • Downhole operations are carried out by a tubular string 16 (e.g., drill string, tubing string, coiled tubing, etc.) that is supported by the derrick 21 and extends from the platform 20 through the riser 14, through the BOP stack assembly 100 and into the wellbore 1 1.
  • a downhole tool 17 is connected to the lower end of the tubular string 16.
  • the downhole tool 17 may comprise any suitable downhole tools for drilling, completing, evaluating and/or producing the wellbore 1 1 including, without limitation, drill bits, packers, cementing tools, casing or tubing running tools, testing equipment, perforating guns, and the like.
  • the string 16, and hence the tool 17 coupled thereto may move axially, radially and/or rotationally relative to the riser 14 and the BOP stack assembly 100.
  • the BOP stack assembly 100 is mounted to the wellhead 30 and is designed and configured to control and seal the wellbore 11, thereby containing the hydrocarbon fluids (i.e., liquids and gases) therein.
  • the BOP stack assembly 100 comprises a lower marine riser package (LMRP) 110 and a BOP or BOP stack 120.
  • LMRP lower marine riser package
  • the BOP stack 120 is releasably secured to the wellhead 30 as well as the LMRP 110 and the LMRP 110 is releasably secured to the BOP stack 403 and the riser 14.
  • the connections between the wellhead 30, the BOP stack 120 and the LMRP 110 include hydraulically actuated, mechanical wellhead-type connections 50.
  • the connections 50 may comprise any suitable releasable wellhead-type mechanical connection such as the DWHC or HC profile subsea wellhead system available from Cameron ® International Corporation of Houston, Texas, or any other such wellhead profile available from several subsea wellhead manufacturers.
  • such hydraulically actuated, mechanical wellhead-type connections include an upward- facing male connector or "hub” that is received by and releasably engages a down ward- facing mating female connector or receptacle 50b.
  • the connection between LMRP 110 and the riser 14 is a flange connection that is not remotely controlled, whereas the connections 50 may be remotely, hydraulically controlled.
  • the LMRP 110 includes a riser flex joint 111, a riser adapter 112, an annular BOP 1 13 and a pair of redundant control units or pods 1 14.
  • a flow bore 115 extends through the LMRP 110 from the riser 14 at the upper end of the LMRP 1 10 to the connection 50 at the lower end of the LMRP 1 10.
  • the riser adapter 1 12 extends upward from the flex joint 1 1 1 and is coupled to the lower end of the riser 14.
  • the flex joint 1 1 1 allows the riser adapter 1 12 and the riser 14 connected thereto to deflect angularly relative to the LMRP 1 10 while wellbore fluids flow from the wellbore 1 1 through the BOP stack assembly 100 into the riser 14.
  • the annular BOP 1 13 comprises an annular elastomeric sealing element that is mechanically squeezed radially inward to seal on a tubular extending through the LMRP 1 10 (e.g., the string 16, casing, drillpipe, drill collar, etc.) or seal off the flow bore 1 15.
  • the annular BOP 1 13 has the ability to seal on a variety of pipe sizes and/or profiles, as well as perform a complete shut-off (“CSO”) to seal the flow bore 1 15 when no tubular is extending therethrough.
  • CSO complete shut-off
  • the BOP stack 120 comprises an annular BOP 1 13 as previously described, choke/kill valves 131 and choke/kill lines 132.
  • the choke/kill line connections 130 connect the female choke/kill connectors of the LMRP 1 10 with the male choke/kill adapters of the BOP stack 120, thereby placing the choke/kill connectors of the LMRP 1 10 in fluid communication with the choke lines 132 of the BOP stack 120.
  • a main bore 125 extends through the BOP stack 120.
  • the BOP stack 120 includes a plurality of axially stacked ram BOPs 121. Each ram BOP 121 includes a pair of opposed rams and a pair of actuators 126 that actuate and drive the matching rams.
  • the BOP stack 120 includes four ram BOPs 121— an upper ram BOP 121 including opposed blind shear rams or blades 121a for severing the tubular string 16 and sealing off the wellbore 1 1 from the riser 14, and the three lower ram BOPs 121 including the opposed pipe rams 121c for engaging the string 16 and sealing the annulus around the tubular string 16.
  • the BOP stack 120 may include a different number of rams, different types of rams, one or more annular BOPs or combinations thereof.
  • the control pods 114 operate the valves 131, the ram BOPs 121 and the annular BOPs 113 of the LMRP 1 10 and the BOP stack 120.
  • the opposed rams 121a, c are located in cavities that intersect the main bore 125 and support the rams 121a, c as they move into and out of the main bore 125.
  • Each set of rams 121a, c is actuated and transitioned between an open position and a closed position by matching actuators 126.
  • each actuator 126 hydraulically moves a piston within a cylinder to move a connecting rod coupled to one ram 121a, c. In the open positions, the rams 121a, c are radially withdrawn from the main bore 125.
  • the rams 121a, c are radially advanced into the main bore 125 to close off and seal the main bore 125 and/or the annulus around the tubular string 16.
  • the main bore 125 is substantially coaxially aligned with the flow bore 1 15 of the LMRP 110, and is in fluid communication with the flow bore 115 when the rams 121a, c are open.
  • the BOP stack 120 also includes a set or bank 127 of hydraulic accumulators 127a mounted on the BOP stack 120. While the primary hydraulic pressure supply is provided by the hydraulic conduits 15 extending along the riser 14, the accumulator bank 127 may be used to support operation of the rams 121a, c (i.e., supply hydraulic pressure to the actuators 126 that drive the rams 121a, c of the stack 120), the choke/kill valves 131, the connector 50b of the BOP stack 120 and the choke/kill connectors 130 of the BOP stack 120. As will be explained in more detail below, the accumulator bank 127 may serve as a backup means to provide hydraulic power to operate the rams 121a, c, the valves 131, the connector 50b, and the connectors 130 of the BOP stack 120.
  • the accumulator bank 127 may serve as a backup means to provide hydraulic power to operate the rams 121a, c, the valves 131, the connector 50b, and the connectors 130 of
  • control pods 1 14 may be used to operate the BOPs 121 and the choke/kill valves 131 of the BOP stack 120 in this embodiment, in other embodiments, the BOPs 121 and the choke/kill valves 131 may also be operated by one or more subsea remotely operated vehicles ("ROVs").
  • ROVs remotely operated vehicles
  • the BOP stack 120 includes one annular BOP 1 13 and four sets of rams (one set of shear rams 121a, and three sets of pipe rams 121b, c).
  • the BOP stack 120 may include different numbers of rams, different types of rams, different numbers of annular BOPs (e.g., annular BOP 1 13) or combinations thereof.
  • the LMRP 1 10 is shown and described as including one annular BOP 1 13, in other embodiments, the LMRP (e.g., LMRP 1 10) may include a different number of annular BOPs (e.g., two sets of annular BOPs 1 13).
  • the BOP stack 120 may be referred to as a "stack" because it contains a plurality of ram BOPs 121 in this embodiment, in other embodiments, BOP 120 may include only one ram BOP 121.
  • the hydraulic accumulator 127a includes an element 401 movable within the internal volume, or cavity, 402.
  • the hydraulic accumulator 127a body is composed of an outer layer and an inner layer.
  • the outer layer 409 of the accumulator 127a may include a metal, metal alloy and/or composite material (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced plastic). Composite materials are lighter than steel counterparts and possess high strength and stiffness, providing high performance in deep water, high pressure applications.
  • the inner layer 410 of the accumulators 127a may include a metal and/or metal alloy.
  • the movable element 401 is a piston separating a hydraulic fluid 403 from a gas 404 stored in the internal volumes of the accumulators 127a. It should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the movable element could be any device movable in an internal volume of a container that is capable of separating fluids.
  • the piston 401 may include a metal, metal alloy, plastic, or rubber.
  • the accumulator includes a
  • the measurement system which includes a sensor module 411 and a control connector 416 recessed in a housing 417.
  • the sensor module 411 and control connector 416 are installed in the fluid end of the accumulator 127a and configured to control the ultrasonic transducer 412 to emit ultrasonic pulses toward the piston 401.
  • the fluid end of the accumulator 127a includes a recess configured to receive the sensor module 411 and control connector 416.
  • the sensor module 411 includes an ultrasonic transducer 412, a temperature sensing device 414 a pressure sensing device 413 and a transducer window 415.
  • the temperature sensing device 414 may be a 4-wire resistance temperature detector.
  • the transducer 412 may be of a model of an ultrasound transducer module manufactured by Cameron International Corporation.
  • the temperature sensing device 414 and the pressure sensing device 413 are integrated within the ultrasonic transducer housing 417, with the pressure sensing device being in contact with the hydraulic fluid in order to measure the pressure of the fluid in the cavity 402.
  • the temperature sensing device 414 and the pressure sensing device 413 can be embedded on the ultrasonic transducer 412 or located outside of the sensor housing 417.
  • an opening 418 is also provided and may extend through the head of the accumulator 127a to allow for the passage of wiring between the sensor module 411 and control connector 416.
  • the sensor module 411 and control connector 416 may be secured within the recess 419 using any suitable mechanism.
  • both the recess 409 and the housing 417 may be threaded and generally cylindrical in shape. Accordingly, the sensor module 411 and control connector 416 may be installed in the recess 417 by simply rotating the housing 417 into the recess 419, thus allowing the respective threads to engage one another.
  • the sensor module 411 and control connector 416 may be secured in the recess 419 using an adhesive, connectors, or any other suitable technique. Overall, this provides for straightforward installation of the sensor module 411 and control connector 416 without requiring significant and/or complex redesign of existing subsea equipment.
  • the ultrasonic position sensor module 411 may intermittently transmit an ultrasonic pulse 420.
  • the pulse 420 may originate from the ultrasonic transducer 412 located in the sensor module 411, and propagate through the window 415 and into the cavity 402, which may be filled with pressurized hydraulic fluid 403.
  • the window 415 may include a high compressive strength plastic material having acoustic impedance properties that are similar to liquid. This allows for the transmitted pulse 420 to leave the sensor housing 417 while experiencing relatively little acoustic impedance.
  • the window 415 may formed using a
  • the housing 417 may be manufactured using a metal material, such as steel or titanium, or may be formed using one of the aforementioned plastic materials, or using a combination of metal and plastic materials. In one embodiment, the housing 417 may be made of Inconel superalloy, such as Inconel 625.
  • the pulse 420 After propagating through the window 415, the pulse 420 then travels the distance 422 between the head of the accumulator 127a and the piston 401 through the hydraulic fluid 403. Upon impacting the piston 401, the pulse 420 is reflected in the form of a corresponding echo 421.
  • the transducer 412 receives the echo 421 as it propagates back toward the sensor module 41 1 through the hydraulic fluid 403 and the window 415.
  • the transducer 412 may operate at any suitable frequency, such as between approximately 200 kilohertz and 5.0 megahertz. In one
  • the transducer 412 is configured to operate at a frequency of approximately 3.5 megahertz.
  • the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 may include wiring that may be routed through the opening 418. This wiring may represent the wiring that provides for communication between the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416.
  • the recess 419 is shown in FIG. 3 as having a width (e.g., a diameter in the case of a circular recess) that is greater than that of the opening 418, in one embodiment, the recess 419 may be an opening that extends all the way through the end cap 423. That is, the opening 418 and the recess 419 may have the same width. In such an embodiment, the sensor housing 417 may be configured to extend through the end cap 423.
  • wiring from the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 including the ultrasonic transducer 412, pressure sensing device 417 and/or the temperature sensing device 414 may form a connector coupled to the housing 417, wherein the connector is configured to electronically connect wiring within the sensor module 41 1 and the control connector 416.
  • a connector may be accessible from outside the accumulator and may be coupled to control connector 416 using one or more suitable cables.
  • This embodiment also allows for the sensor and control connectors to be installed from the outside of the accumulator, which obviates the need for any disassembly of the end cap 423 from the body of the accumulator during installation.
  • the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 may be installed from the outside by rotating the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 into the recess 419 from the outside of the end cap 423 until the threads securely engage one another.
  • the control connector 416 may obtain or otherwise determine several parameters which are used to compute the path length along which the ultrasonic pulse 420 traveled prior to being reflected. This path length may correspond to the distance 422, which may enable an operator to determine the linear position of a particular device, such as the piston 401.
  • the parameters obtained and/or determined by the control connector 416 include a computed velocity of sound (VOS) through a fluid as a function of temperature and pressure, a delay time, and a signal path transit time.
  • VOS velocity of sound
  • the temperature parameter e.g. , the temperature within the cavity 402
  • the temperature sensing device 414 may be measured using the temperature sensing device 414.
  • the pressure parameter (e.g., the pressure within the cavity 402) may be provided to the control connector 416 as an expected pressure value or, in other embodiments, may be measured pressure information provided to the control connector 416 by one or more pressure sensing devices.
  • the VOS in the fluid can be determined by the control connector 416 based on the temperature and pressure measurements made in the sensor module 41 1.
  • the VOS of the fluid medium in the accumulator can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • VOS (P,T) Water % x Water V0S (PJ)+MEG % x MEG V0S (PJ) wherein VOS (P, T) represents velocity of sound in the fluid medium located in the accumulator 127a as a function of pressure and temperature. Waten /o represents the percentage of water in the fluid medium.
  • Water V0S (P, T) represents velocity of sound in water, which is a known quantity at known pressures and temperatures.
  • MEG 0/o represents percentage of monoethylene glycol in the fluid medium.
  • MEG V0S (P , T) represents the velocity of sound in monoethylene glycol, which is a known quantity at known pressures and temperatures.
  • the example formula above considered a fluid medium comprising water and monoethylene glycol. Other fluid combinations commonly known in the art for use in an accumulator are also disclosed.
  • the delay time may represent non- fluid delays present in the signal path which, as discussed above, includes the entire path (both electrical and acoustic portions) between the control connector 416 and the monitored device. For instance, the presence of the window 415 and the wiring may introduce non- fluid delays.
  • the fluid transit time of the pulse 420 (or of its corresponding echo 421) may be determined.
  • the path length between the head of the accumulator 127a and the piston 401 may be calculated by the control connector 416 according to the following formula, thus providing the linear position of the piston 401 :
  • VOS P, T
  • t transmit time of the pulse through the fluid medium.
  • the system can determine how much hydraulic fluid remains in the accumulator.
  • the fluid 403 need not necessarily be a liquid.
  • the fluid 403 may include a gas or a gas mixture, such as air.
  • the ultrasonic position sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 are used to monitor the linear position of a piston in an accumulator of a subsea resource extraction system.
  • the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 may be designed to be durable enough to withstand harsh environmental conditions often associated with subsea operation.
  • the housing 417, in which the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 are disposed may be manufactured using titanium, stainless steel, or any other suitable type of metal, alloy, or super-alloy, and may be capable of operating at pressures of between approximately 14 pounds per square inch (PSI) to 14,000 PSI.
  • PSI pounds per square inch
  • the window 415 of the sensor housing 417 may withstand loads of up to 14,000 PSI.
  • the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 may also be capable of withstanding operating temperatures of between 0 to 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 may be recessed within the recess 419 by a distance shown by reference number 501.
  • This distance 501 may be selected based at least partially upon certain properties of the window 415, such as thickness and sound velocity characteristics, to compensate for signal reverberation within the medium of the window 415.
  • This reverberation is due to resonating properties of the window 415.
  • a portion of the signal 420 may reverberate within the window 415 before dissipating.
  • the amount of time that it takes for this reverberation to dissipate may constitute what is sometimes referred to as a signal dead band.
  • the sensor module 41 1 may be unable to acquire an accurate measurement due to interference from the ongoing signal reverberation within the window 415. This is generally most problematic when the target device, here the piston 401, is very close to the accumulator 127a head, such that the elapsed time for the echo 421 to return to the sensor module 41 1 and control connector 416 falls within the dead band. Accordingly, recessing the sensor module 41 1 by a distance 501 within the recess 419 may compensate for the dead band effects, thus allowing the sensor module 41 1 to accurately acquire measurements for generally any position of the piston 401 within the accumulator.
  • an echo e.g., 421
  • the distance 501 may be selected as a function of the thickness of the window and its resonance properties.
  • a plastic material such as VESPEL ® , ULTEMTM or PEEK may have resonating properties in which an ultrasonic signal reverberates within the window 415 for approximately two round trips before dissipating.
  • the goal in selecting the distance 501 is that the earliest time at which an echo 421 reflected from the piston 401 returns to the sensor is outside of the signal dead band time, with the most extreme case being when the piston 401 is in the open position.
  • the plastic materials discussed above generally have lower resonating properties when compared to that of certain other materials, particularly metals such as steel.
  • the ultrasonic signal 420 may be selected as a function of the thickness of the window and its resonance properties.
  • the ultrasonic position sensor module 41 1 includes a transducer 412.
  • One embodiment of the transducer 412 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 5-6, which show
  • the transducer 412 includes the above-described window 415, as well as a casing 601, piezoelectric material 602, positive lead 603, negative lead 604.
  • the transducer 412 also includes the above-described temperature sensing device 414.
  • the positive lead 603, negative lead 604, and temperature sensing device 414 extend outward from the rear end (e.g., the end opposite the window 415) of the transducer 412.
  • portions of the positive lead 603, negative lead 604, and temperature sensing device 414 may extend through the opening 418 (FIG. 4).
  • the casing 601 generally encloses the components of the transducer 412 and may be designed to fit within the sensor housing 417, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the casing 601 may be formed using the same high compressive strength plastic material as the window 415, such as ULTEMTM, PEEK, or VESPEL®.
  • the casing 601 may be formed using a metal material, such as steel, titanium, or alloys thereof.
  • the piezoelectric material 602 may be formed using a crystal or ceramic material.
  • the piezoelectric material 602 may include lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
  • the piezoelectric material 602 may include lead metaniobate.
  • FIG. 7 shows another illustrative embodiment of the accumulator measurement system, with another ultrasonic transducer 701 installed in the gas side 404 of the accumulator 127a.
  • the ultrasonic transducer in the gas end is a lower frequency transducer than the ultrasonic transducer of the fluid end (e.g., 200 kilohertz).
  • a gas-side ultrasonic transducer allows for accurate piston position determination from the gas side in the event of foaming in the liquid side, which can present noise in the liquid-side measurements reducing the accuracy of the measurements.
  • the ultrasonic position sensing system and techniques described herein may provide position information that is substantially as accurate as position information obtained using other existing solutions, such as position monitoring using LVDTs or other electromechanical position sensors.
  • the ultrasonic position sensing system integrates much more easily with existing subsea components and does not require substantial and complex redesign of existing equipment.
  • the ultrasonic position sensors described herein are generally not subject to common-mode failure mechanisms, as is the case with some electromechanical position sensors, the position information obtained by the ultrasonic position sensing system may better maintain its accuracy over time.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour déterminer la position d'un piston dans un accumulateur sous-marin, comprenant : un module de capteur comprenant : un boîtier ; un transducteur à ultrasons faisant face au piston et configuré pour transmettre une impulsion ultrasonore au travers d'un milieu fluide vers une surface du piston ; un capteur de pression ; et un capteur de température ; un connecteur de commande couplé au module de capteur capable de fournir des fonctions de logiciel et de matériel pour mesurer un temps de transit du signal ultrasonore du transducteur à ultrasons à la surface du piston, comprenant une électronique pour commander le transducteur ultrasonore, le capteur de pression et le capteur de température ; les temps de transit des signaux ultrasonores à travers le milieu fluide étant mesurés et combinés avec une vitesse du son calculée en fonction de la température/pression pour déterminer la distance entre le transducteur ultrasonore et la surface du piston.
PCT/US2015/039482 2014-07-14 2015-07-08 Système de mesure WO2016010779A1 (fr)

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GB1621664.0A GB2542300A (en) 2014-07-14 2015-07-08 Measurement system
NO20162064A NO20162064A1 (en) 2014-07-14 2016-12-27 Measurement system

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US14/330,311 US9804039B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2014-07-14 System and method for position monitoring using ultrasonic sensor
US14/330,311 2014-07-14

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CN109625216A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-16 美钻深海能源科技研发（上海）有限公司 用于深海油气田生产监控的水下耐压密封舱及其监控方法
CN117868796A (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-04-12 河北华北石油荣盛机械制造有限公司 一种防喷器活塞位置监测系统及方法

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US4543649A (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-09-24 Teknar, Inc. System for ultrasonically detecting the relative position of a moveable device
US4938066A (en) * 1988-01-29 1990-07-03 Xecutek Corporation Ultrasonic apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in a gaseous medium
US20010022756A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Katsumi Nagai Device and method for detecting position of movable body by using ultrasonic waves
US20130283917A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Cameron International Corporation System and method for position monitoring using ultrasonic sensor
US20140123746A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Cameron International Corporation Measurement system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4543649A (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-09-24 Teknar, Inc. System for ultrasonically detecting the relative position of a moveable device
US4938066A (en) * 1988-01-29 1990-07-03 Xecutek Corporation Ultrasonic apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in a gaseous medium
US20010022756A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Katsumi Nagai Device and method for detecting position of movable body by using ultrasonic waves
US20130283917A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Cameron International Corporation System and method for position monitoring using ultrasonic sensor
US20140123746A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Cameron International Corporation Measurement system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109625216A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-16 美钻深海能源科技研发（上海）有限公司 用于深海油气田生产监控的水下耐压密封舱及其监控方法
CN117868796A (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-04-12 河北华北石油荣盛机械制造有限公司 一种防喷器活塞位置监测系统及方法

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