WO2016009209A1 - Tirants d'ancrage - Google Patents

Tirants d'ancrage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016009209A1
WO2016009209A1 PCT/GB2015/052056 GB2015052056W WO2016009209A1 WO 2016009209 A1 WO2016009209 A1 WO 2016009209A1 GB 2015052056 W GB2015052056 W GB 2015052056W WO 2016009209 A1 WO2016009209 A1 WO 2016009209A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anchor
ground
body portion
ground anchor
working surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2015/052056
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Agg
Michael Russell
Original Assignee
Platipus Anchors Holdings Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Platipus Anchors Holdings Limited filed Critical Platipus Anchors Holdings Limited
Publication of WO2016009209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016009209A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/805—Ground anchors with deformable anchoring members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ground anchors of the type which are attached to cables, rods and the like, which are driven into the ground and tilted transversely of the hole by tensioning the cable.
  • ground anchors already exist including tubular anchors, such as those described in GB-A-1555580 and EP-A- 0208153. These anchors are driven into the ground and then rotated to a horizontal locked position. As the surface area of these anchors is not particularly large, they are not appropriate for some uses where a particular degree of strength and resistance to removal from the ground is required.
  • EP-A-0725853 further improved anchors of the winged type in these respects, and describes a ground anchor comprising a central hollow tubular body portion extending substantially along the length of the anchor and a pair of laterally projecting wings extending from opposing sides of the body portion, wherein the wings are bent at an angle to the horizontal plane, and a portion of an edge of each wing is bent at an angle to the plane of the wing.
  • wing-type anchors are not
  • EP-A-0725862 describes anchors of the small profile type and describes a ground anchor comprising a body portion having a generally triangular cross-section extending substantially along its length having generally concave sides and a continuous convex lower surface from one edge of the body portion where the sides and lower surface meet to an
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a winged anchor according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the winged anchor of
  • Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the winged anchor of
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the winged anchor of
  • Fig. 1 with the eye replaced by a swaged fitting
  • Fig. 7 is a partial schematic view of the swaged fitting of
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a small-profile anchor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a side elevation of the small-profile anchor of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a front elevation of the small-profile anchor of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is a rear elevation of the small-profile anchor of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the small-profile anchor of FIG. 8 with the eye replaced with a swaged fitting;
  • FIG. 13 is a partial schematic view of the swaged fitting of FIG. 12 with parts omitted for clarity;
  • Fig. 14a-c are schematic views of the installation steps applied to an anchor;
  • Fig. 15a-c show views of a small-profile anchor according to the invention.
  • a winged anchor 10 is shown in Figures 1 to 7.
  • the anchor 10 comprises a central substantially tubular body portion 11 having a blind bore 12 running axially thereof for receiving a driving tool.
  • the blind bore 12 defines a driving
  • a wing 13 Projecting from each side of the body portion 11 is a wing 13. These wings 13 project upwardly or downwardly at an angle to a horizontal plane through the anchor 10. At the side edges of the wings 13 are angled winglets 14 which project at an angle to the plane of the wings 13. The edges of the angled winglets 14 are provided with rounded edge beads 15. The wings 13 and winglets 14 collectively form part of a working surface for engaging the ground and applying pressure thereto when in a load-locked position, and an opposing surface opposite the working surface. At one end of the anchor 10, i.e. the leading end as the anchor is driven into the ground, the wings 13 meet at a flattened driving edge 16 which may be sharpened to a chisel point. The leading wing edges 17 which connect to the driving edge 16 may also be sharpened.
  • the trailing edges 18 of wings 13 may curve gently in an upwardly direction.
  • the body portion 11 has a sloping nose 11a.
  • the anchor 10 comprises means for attaching a cable or tie.
  • an anchor keel 19 in which an anchor eye 20 is formed, to which eye 20 a cable may be attached.
  • the high keel 19 extends from the anchor eye 20 and tapers downwardly to the driving edge 16. It may also taper in a horizonal plane to form a point adjacent the driving edge 16.
  • the eye 20 is replaced with a T-shaped swaged fitting 21.
  • the fitting 21 is inserted into a socket 22 formed in the keel 19 with the cross bar 23 of the T
  • Fig. 14a illustrates the installed position of an anchor.
  • the driving edge 16 splits the ground media by way of separating the upper side and lower side and compresses the media out of the way.
  • the combination of using the sharpened edges 17 in conjunction with the chisel point driving edge 16 enhances the ability of the anchor 10 to cut through all variety of anchoring media.
  • the high keel 19 further enhances
  • the drive rod is removed from the bore 12.
  • the anchor 10 is rotated in the ground by applying a pulling force to the cable or rod thereby rotating the anchor 10 generally perpendicular to the first direction to its load- locked position (see Figs. 14b and 14c) .
  • the sharp nose 11a of the body 11 bites the back of the hole into which the anchor 10 is driven, this forms a fulcrum for the anchor 10 to turn about.
  • the edges of the sloped portion of the nose 11a help to consolidate the turn of the anchor 10, and the wing edges 18, winglets 14 and edge bead 15 all assist in the turning of the anchor 10.
  • the edges 18 of the wings 13 assist in the load locking process by reducing the "load lock distance". This is the distance A-B illustrated in Fig. 14c. This is achieved as the edges 18 bite into the ground and prevent upward
  • edges 18 also enhance the speed at which the anchor turns.
  • the angled winglets 14 assist in focusing the main frustrum of the soil into the surface of the anchor 10 thereby increasing its load potential. Additionally the shape and angle of the winglets 14 reduce the spill-off effect of a traditional flat winged anchor by concentrating the frustrum of the ground media within the anchor 10 itself. This reduces the mechanical edge shear effect of the ground media frustrum under high loads significantly and increases the load potential of the anchor 10.
  • the profile of the edge beads 15 is designed to reduce the mechanical shear of the soil at the edge of the wings 13 in high load conditions.
  • the angle of the wings 13 themselves increases the overall area of soil frustum by amplifying the angle of interaction, thereby creating an increased load potential.
  • a small-profile anchor 110 is shown in FIGS. 8-13.
  • the anchor 110 comprises a generally triangular or bell-shaped body 111 having an axially extending blind bore 112 for receiving a driving tool.
  • the blind bore 112 defines a driving direction in which the anchor 110 may be driven into the ground the driving tool.
  • the anchor 110 is seen to have a triangular bell-shaped profile for a substantial length along its working surface.
  • the sides of the anchor body 111 are, in profile, continuously concave from an upper edge of the working surface to edges 116 where the sides and lower surface meet.
  • the lower surface of the body 111 is continuously convex from edge to edge.
  • the edges 116 may curve or angle slightly upwardly from the horizontal. These edges 116 may be rounded or edge beads provided.
  • the sides of the anchor body 111 collectively form part of a working surface of the anchor 110 for engaging the ground when in a load-locked position.
  • the lower surface defines an opposing surface, opposite the working surface.
  • the anchor 110 comprises means for attaching a cable or tie.
  • the body 111 extends upwardly to form a high keel 113 in which is formed an anchor eye 114 to which a cable may be attached.
  • the high keel 113 which starts from the anchor eye 114, tapers downwardly towards a driving edge 115.
  • the driving edge 115 may be sharpened to a chisel point.
  • the keel 113 may also converge in the horizontal direction to form a point as it approaches the driving edge 115.
  • the body portion 111 has a sharp tapering nose 111a at an end opposite to the driving edge 115.
  • the eye 114 is replaced with a T-shaped swaged fitting 120.
  • the fitting 120 is inserted into a socket 121 formed in the keel 113 with the cross bar 122 positioned longitudinally to the body 111.
  • the fitting 120 can then be rotated through 190° to the position shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 whereby the T-piece 122 is anchored in the socket 121 under the keel 113.
  • the fitting 120 can then pivot in the direction of the arrow C.
  • the working surface of the anchor extends to below the keel 113.
  • the small-profile anchor may be used in the same manner as the winged anchor.
  • a cable or rod is attached to the eye portion 114 or swaged fitting 120 and a driving rod is inserted into the bore 112.
  • the anchor 110 is driven into the ground in a first direction, driving edge 115 first to its installed position, by applying a force to the driving rod .
  • the driving edge 115 splits the ground media by way of separating the upper side and lower side and compresses the media out of the way. This enhances the ability of the anchor 110 to drive more quickly and easily through harder media.
  • the high keel 113 further enhances significantly the ability of the anchor 110 to drive straight through
  • the drive rod is removed from the bore 112.
  • a pulling force is applied to the cable or rod which causes the anchor 110 to rotate in the ground to a load-locked position generally perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the sharp nose 111a of the body 111 bites the back of the hole into which the anchor 110 is driven, this forms a fulcrum for the anchor 110 to turn about.
  • the upwardly curved edges 116 of the anchor body 111 help to consolidate the turn of the anchor 110.
  • the triangular or bell-shaped working surface area of the anchor 110 offers a significant increase in potential load over traditional tube-style anchors whilst the anchor remains a small profile anchor which is necessary for hard ground conditions.
  • the shaped surface offers high load possibilities for a small surface area anchor by focusing the frustrum of soil more clearly.
  • the rounded edges 116 of the anchor 110 further enhance the frustum area and reduce spill-off during high loadings and therefore reduce mechanical shear.
  • the anchor 110 may be made from any suitable material depending on its required used, such as iron/steel, brass and copper based alloys, aluminium and possibly non-metallic materials .
  • the ground anchors 10, 110 described above comprise a body portion 11, 111 having a blind bore 12, 112 for receiving a driving tool.
  • the blind bore 12, 112 defines a driving direction in which the anchor 10, 110 can be driven into the ground .
  • the ground anchors 10, 110 each have means for attaching a cable or tie 20, 21, 114, 120.
  • the body portion may be considered to have a working surface on which the attachment means is located.
  • the working surface is arranged to engage the ground when the ground anchor 10, 110 is in a load-locked position.
  • ground anchor defines an opposing surface, which in the load-locked position faces away from the direction in which the cable or tie extends.
  • the working surface of the winged anchor 10 may include the surface of the wings 13 and winglets 14 on the side of the anchor having the attachment means and the keel 19.
  • the opposing surface includes the other side of the wings 13 and winglets 14.
  • the working surface of the small-profile anchor 110 may include the sides and the keel 113 of the body 111.
  • the opposing surface includes the lower surface.
  • the working surface has a plurality of dimples formed thereon, and/or the opposing surface has a plurality of sloped protrusions formed thereon.
  • the working surface may have a plurality of dimples formed thereon. It has been found that the dimples can reduce the movement of soil across the working surface to reduce the spill-off of the soil and thereby increase the load
  • the anchor has at least 100 dimples.
  • the dimples can be depressions of any concave form, but are preferably spherically-shaped, i.e. defining a portion of the surface of a sphere.
  • the width of each dimple is preferably at least 2mm.
  • the width of each dimple is preferably at least 5mm.
  • each dimple is preferably at least 1mm. More preferably, the dimples define a surface of a sphere with a radius of at least 1.5mm. For anchors 10,110 having a length of at least 300mm, the depth of each dimple is preferably at least 2.5mm.
  • each dimple and its nearest neighboring dimple is preferably no more than 3mm.
  • the spacing between each dimple and its nearest neighboring dimple is preferably no more than 1.5mm.
  • the opposing surface may have a plurality of sloped
  • the protrusions are preferably sloped such that they reduce in height in the driving direction. In this way they do not increase the driving force required to drive the anchor 10, 110 into the ground in the driving direction.
  • the rear end (rear with respect to the driving direction) of the protrusions protrude from the opposing surface of the anchor such that when tension is applied to the cable or tie, the protrusions offer resistance to motion of the anchor 10, 110 in the direction opposite the driving direction thereby enhancing the speed at which the anchor turns.
  • the resistance provided by the protrusions can reduce the load lock distance. Therefore, when the protrusions are provided the anchor can load lock quicker and thus load lock at a lower depth (at a lower depth a greater amount of soil restrains the anchor and provides a greater holding
  • a further advantage of the protrusions is that they have been found to move soil away from the drive rod during the installation process, limiting the amount of material that falls into the hole created by the drive phase.
  • the anchor has at least 6 protrusions, and more preferably at least 8.
  • the protrusions may protrude from the opposing surface by a height of at least 1.5mm.
  • the protrusions protrude from the opposing surface by a height of at least 2mm. The spacing between each protrusion and its nearest
  • neighboring protrusion is preferably no more than 15mm.
  • the spacing between each protrusion and its nearest neighboring protrusion is preferably no more than 8mm.
  • a preferred small-profile anchor is shown in Figures 15a to 15c, in which the majority of the surface of the sides have dimples. As can be seen, the lower surface incorporates rows of protrusions, symmetrically arranged either side of the longitudinal axis of the anchor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne des tirants d'ancrage du type fixé à des câbles, des tiges ou analogues, enfoncés dans le sol puis basculés transversalement par rapport au trou trou par tension du câble. Un tirant d'ancrage (110) selon l'invention comprend : une partie de corps (111) présentant un alésage borgne (112) destiné à recevoir un outil d'entraînement, l'alésage borgne (112) définissant un sens d'entraînement ; et des moyens de fixation destinés à fixer un câble ou une attache. Ladite partie de corps (111) définit une surface de travail présentant des moyens de fixation, pour venir en prise avec le sol lorsque le tirant d'ancrage est dans une position de verrouillage de charge, ainsi qu'une surface opposée, sensiblement opposée à la surface de travail. La surface de travail présente une pluralité d'alvéoles formées sur celle-ci et/ou la surface opposée présente une pluralité de saillies inclinées formées sur celle-ci, chacune des saillies inclinées présentant une hauteur qui se réduit progressivement dans le sens d'entraînement.
PCT/GB2015/052056 2014-07-16 2015-07-16 Tirants d'ancrage WO2016009209A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1412643.7A GB2528292B (en) 2014-07-16 2014-07-16 Ground anchors
GB1412643.7 2014-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016009209A1 true WO2016009209A1 (fr) 2016-01-21

Family

ID=51454226

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2015/052056 WO2016009209A1 (fr) 2014-07-16 2015-07-16 Tirants d'ancrage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2528292B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016009209A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0313936A1 (fr) * 1987-10-29 1989-05-03 Foresight Industries, Inc. Ancrage pour le sol
GB2283511A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-10 Platipus Anchors Ltd Improvements in ground anchors
WO2010097642A1 (fr) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 Loannis Lymberis Tirant hydraulique pour des projets de construction

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9322642D0 (en) * 1993-11-03 1993-12-22 Platipus Anchors Ltd Improvements in ground anchors

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0313936A1 (fr) * 1987-10-29 1989-05-03 Foresight Industries, Inc. Ancrage pour le sol
GB2283511A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-10 Platipus Anchors Ltd Improvements in ground anchors
WO2010097642A1 (fr) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 Loannis Lymberis Tirant hydraulique pour des projets de construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2528292B (en) 2017-03-29
GB201412643D0 (en) 2014-08-27
GB2528292A (en) 2016-01-20

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