WO2016005984A1 - Système et procédés de couplage d'énergie utilisant un réseau de bobines - Google Patents

Système et procédés de couplage d'énergie utilisant un réseau de bobines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016005984A1
WO2016005984A1 PCT/IL2015/050713 IL2015050713W WO2016005984A1 WO 2016005984 A1 WO2016005984 A1 WO 2016005984A1 IL 2015050713 W IL2015050713 W IL 2015050713W WO 2016005984 A1 WO2016005984 A1 WO 2016005984A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
wireless power
secondary coil
primary
coils
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PCT/IL2015/050713
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian Podkamien
Oola Greenwald
Ilya GLUZMAN
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Powermat Technologies Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2016005984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016005984A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates wireless power systems for providing a wireless power transfer between wireless power transmitters and wireless power receivers.
  • the disclosure relates to multi-coil surfaces, substantially flat, comprising coil arrays for efficient wireless power transmission to electrical devices via associated wireless power receivers.
  • Wireless power coupling allows energy to be transferred from a power supply to an electric load without a wired connection therebetween.
  • An oscillating electric potential is applied across a primary coil.
  • An oscillating magnetic field in the vicinity of the primary coil may induce a secondary oscillating electrical potential in a secondary coil situated nearby.
  • electrical energy may be transmitted from the primary coil to the secondary coil by electromagnetic induction without a conductive connection between the inductors.
  • the coils When electrical energy is transferred from a primary coil to a secondary coil, the coils are said to be wirelessly coupled.
  • An electric load wired in series with such a secondary coil may draw energy from the power source wired to the primary inductor when the secondary coil is inductively coupled thereto.
  • Hui's system a planar inductive battery charging system is designed to enable electronic devices to be recharged.
  • the system includes a planar charging module having a charging surface on which a device to be recharged is placed.
  • Within the charging module, and parallel to the charging surface is at least one, and preferably an array of primary windings that couple energy inductively to a secondary winding formed in the device to be recharged.
  • Hui's system also provides secondary modules that allow the system to be used with conventional electronic devices not supplied with secondary windings.
  • a wireless power transmitter for transferring power wirelessly to at least one electric load via a wireless power receiver.
  • the wireless power transmitter includes: a multi-coil power transmission surface comprising an array of primary coils for wirelessly coupling with at least one secondary coil of the wireless power receiver located in front of said multi-coil power transmission surface, and wherein the array of primary coils comprises primary coils having diameters selected to be smaller than the diameter of the secondary coil such that when a secondary coil is placed over the multi-coil power transmission surface at secondary coil.
  • the wireless power transmitter further comprising a driver wired to a power source and operable to drive each primary coil of the array.
  • each primary coil of the array of primary coils is independently connected to the power source via the at least one driver.
  • the wireless power transmitter includes a plurality of drivers, each driver being wired to a power source and operable to drive a cluster of primary coils.
  • the diameter of the primary coil is selected such that the ratio between the diameter of the secondary coil and the diameter of the primary coils is above three halves.
  • the diameter of the primary coil is selected such that the ratio between the diameter of the secondary coil and the diameter of the primary coils is above four.
  • the diameter of said primary coil is selected such that the ratio between the diameter of the secondary coil and the diameter of the primary coils is above three halves and below four.
  • each primary coil of the array of primary coils is spaced in the multi-coil power transmission surface at an inter-coil spacing distance and the inter- coil spacing distance is zero.
  • each primary coil of the array of primary coils is spaced in the multi-coil power transmission surface at an inter-coil spacing distance and the inter- coil spacing distance is less than half of the secondary coil size.
  • each primary coil is vertically offset from the secondary coil by a distance less than 14 millimeters.
  • the array of primary coils of the wireless power coupling system are shielded by an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer is constructed from a material selected from at least one member of the group consisting of: glass, plastic mica, formica, wood, wood veneer, canvas, cardboard, stone, linoleum, paper and combinations therof.
  • the secondary coil is not circular and the primary coils have diameters selected to be smaller than the major axis of the secondary coil.
  • the secondary coil is not circular and the primary coils have diameters selected to be no larger than two thirds of the major axis of the secondary coil.
  • the wireless power receiver for receiving power wirelessly from a wireless power transmitter.
  • the wireless power receiver includes: at least a first secondary coil and a second secondary coil, each secondary coil for wirelessly coupling with at least one primary coil of the wireless power transmitter; wherein the first secondary coil overlaps the second secondary coil.
  • the first secondary coil and the second secondary coil are offset by a distance which is less than half of the diameter of each secondary coil.
  • the wirelss power transmitter comprises an array of primary coils and the first secondary coil and the second secondary coil are offset by a distance which is at least half the inter-coil spacing of primary coils within the array.
  • At least one of said first secondary coil and the second secondary coil is configured to align with at least one primary coil at any angle such that the wireless power receiver is rotatable through 360 degrees.
  • the wireless power receiver further comprising a power cord for connecting to at least one electric load.
  • the wireless power receiver further comprising a receiver coil selector operable to select one of at least first secondary coil and the second secondary coil to connect to an electric load.
  • the first secondary coil and said second secondary coil are connected in parallel to an electric load.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the main elements of a wireless power transfer system incorporating a signal transfer system
  • Fig. 2A is a block diagram schematically representing the main features of a wireless power transfer system according;
  • Fig. 2B is a schematic representation of a wireless power coupling consisting of a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figs. 3A-C show three exemplary receiver-mounted visual alignment mechanisms for a wireless power coupling
  • Fig. 4A shows a power surface including an array of wireless power transmitters in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4B shows two movable wireless power receivers lying upon the power surface of Fig. 4A;
  • Fig. 4C shows a power receiver provided with two secondary coils for coupling with primary coils of the power surface of Fig. 4A;
  • Figs. 5 shows an exemplary applications of the power surface of Fig. 4A providing power to a computer.
  • Fig. 6A shows a wireless power transfer system wherein the primary and secondary coils have differing coil sizes at a determined ratio
  • Fig. 6B shows a wireless power transfer system wherein multiple overlapping coils are provided in the wireless power receiver
  • Figs. 6C show block diagrams of various possible configurations for connecting and array of secondary coils to an electric load in embodiments of a multiple coil wireless power receiver;
  • Fig. 7 A shows a possible overlapping secondary coil receiver connected to an electric mobile device and configured to draw power from a multi-coil surface
  • Fig. 7B shows a cross section of the rectangular overlapping secondary coil add-on as illustrated in Fig. 7A;
  • Figs. 8A-C illustrate various possible driving configurations for primary coils in a multi-coil surface array
  • Fig. 9A is a schematic representation of a signal transfer system incorporated into a system for locating secondary coils placed upon a multi-coil power transmission surface;
  • Fig. 9B is a schematic representation of a possible signal transfer system for locating a power receiver having placed upon a multi-outlet power transmission surface.
  • aspects of the current disclosure relates to efficient power transmission systems providing wireless from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver power efficiently to overcome wireless power transfer losses and decreased power transfer efficiency.
  • the wireless power receiver connected to an electrical load such as a mobile device, is operable to wirelessly couple with a multi-coil array, embedded in a substantially flat surface.
  • the wireless power transmitter comprises ultra-thin coil arrays for wireless power transmission.
  • the current disclosure further describes a wireless transmitter comprising a coil array, with a varying number of primary coils which may be embedded in a surface (in the surface / under the surface) which may provide thin solutions.
  • the primary coil size of the wireless power transmitter may be smaller than the size of the secondary coil of the wireless power receiver.
  • Various ratios between the diameter of the primary coils to the diameter of the secondary coils are suggested such as 2/3, 1/4, 1/2 and the like.
  • the current solution may provide a better optimized wireless power receiver solution and may be further configured to support existing wireless power receivers.
  • wireless power transmitter/power receiver coil size relationships may reduce magnetic field leakage to a foreign object, which may cause a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) event.
  • FOD Foreign Object Detection
  • An FOD event is commonly caused when transmitted magnetic field generates heat due to "eddy currents" within metallic objects closely located to the wireless power receiver associated with the device. The FOD event may cause efficiency degradation, which may potentially lead to safety accidents.
  • FOD events are of great concern in systems with relatively large wireless power transmitter coils (power transmitter coil is relatively larger then power receiver coil).
  • the power transmitter may possibly be covered by the receiver as well as other unintended metallic objects such as keys, coins, paper clips and the like.
  • the suggested topology may resolve this problem as a power receiver coil fully covering the power transmitter coil may minimize the magnetic leakage and may physically prevent any other object to be placed over the active power transmitter coil.
  • the secondary coil of the wireless power receiver may use a rectangular shape and may fit as an add-on to a mobile device.
  • FIG. 1 showing a block diagram 10 of the main elements of a wireless power coupling 20A incorporating a signal transfer system 10A according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • the inductive power coupling 20A consists of a primary inductive coil 22 and a secondary inductive coil 26.
  • the primary coil 22 is wired to a power supply 24 typically via a driver 23 which provides the electronics necessary to drive the primary coil 22.
  • Driving electronics may include a switching unit providing a high frequency oscillating voltage supply, for example.
  • the secondary coil 26 is wired to an electric load 28.
  • a power outlet 20 may provide power to an electric device 30.
  • the signal transfer system 10A comprises: a signal generator 12, for generating a control signal Sc; a transmitter 14 for transmitting said control signal Sc; and a receiver 16 for receiving said control signal Sc-
  • the transmitter 14 is incorporated into the power outlet 20 and the receiver 16 is incorporated into the electrical device 30, it will be appreciated that a transmitter 140 may alternatively or additionally be incorporated into the electrical device 30 and a receiver 16 may alternatively or additionally be incorporated into the power outlet 20.
  • the control signal Sc communicates encoded data pertaining to the power transmission.
  • This data may be pertinent to regulating efficient power transmission. Examples of such data includes parameters such as: required operating voltage, current, temperature or power for the electric load 28, the measured voltage, current, temperature or power supplied to the electric load 28 during operation, the measured voltage, current, temperature or power received by the electric load 28 during operation and the like.
  • control signal Sc may communicate data relating to the coordinates of the primary inductive coil 22 for the purposes of indicating the location of the power outlet 20.
  • control signal Sc may communicate data relating to the identity or presence of the electric load 28 such as the location of the secondary coil 26, or an identification code or the electric device 30 or its user.
  • Various transmitters 14 and receivers 16 may be used with the signal transfer system.
  • optocouplers may have a light emitting diode serving as a transmitter 14 which sends encoded optical signals over short distances to a photo-transistor which serves as a receiver 16.
  • Optocouplers typically need to be aligned such that there is a line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver. In systems where alignment between the transmitter 14 and receiver 16 may be problematic, optocoupling may be inappropriate and alternative systems may be preferred such as ultrasonic signals transmitted by piezoelectric elements or radio signals such as Bluetooth, WiFi and the like.
  • the primary and secondary coils 22, 26 may themselves serve as the transmitter 14 and receiver 16.
  • Fig. 2A a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transfer system 200A for wirelessly providing power to an electric load 140, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the wireless power transfer system 200A includes a wireless power coupling 100, an alignment mechanism 200 and a power regulator 300.
  • the wireless power coupling 100 comprises a wireless power transmitterl lO and a wireless power receiver 120.
  • the wireless power transmitter 110 includes a primary inductive coil 112 wired to a power supply 102 via a driving unit 104.
  • the wireless power receiver 120 includes a secondary inductive coil 122 which is wired to the electric load 140. When the secondary coil 122 is brought close to the primary coil 112 and a variable voltage is applied to the primary coil 112 by the driving unit 104, power may be transferred between the coils by electromagnetic induction.
  • the alignment mechanism 200 is provided to facilitate aligning the primary coil 112 with the secondary coil 122 which improves the efficiency of the inductive coupling.
  • the regulator 300 provides a communication channel between the wireless power receiver 120 and the wireless power transmitter 110 which may be used to regulate the power transfer.
  • the various elements of the wireless power transfer system 200A may vary significantly between embodiments of the present invention. A selection of exemplary embodiments are described hereinafter in a non-limiting manner.
  • a wireless power transmitter 110 which may be incorporated into a substantially flat surface 130 for example, is couplable with a wireless power receiver 120.
  • the wireless power transmitter 110 includes an annular primary coil 112 shielded behind an insulating layer, which may be hardwired to a power source 102 via a driving unit 104.
  • Driving electronics may include a switching unit providing a high frequency oscillating voltage supply, for example.
  • the wireless power receiver 120 includes an annular secondary coil 122 that is configured to wirelessly couple with the primary coil 112 of the wireless power transmitter 110 to form a power transferring couple that is essentially a transformer.
  • a primary ferromagnetic core 114 is provided in the wireless power transmitter 110 and a secondary ferromagnetic core 124 is provided in the wireless power receiver 120 to improve energy transfer efficiency.
  • the wireless power coupling 100 of the embodiment of the invention has no pin or socket and may, therefore, be incorporated behind the outer face of a flat surface 130, such as a wall, floor, ceiling, desktop, workbench, kitchen work surface, shelf, door or the like, at a location where it may be convenient to provide power.
  • the primary coil 112 of the second embodiment is annular in configuration, alignment of the primary coil 112 to the secondary coil 122 is independent of the angular orientation of the wireless power receiver 120. This allows the wireless power receiver 120 to be coupled to the wireless power transmitter 110 at any convenient angle to suit the needs of the user and indeed to be rotated whilst in use.
  • a visual display unit may draw its power via a wireless power receiver 120 of the second embodiment aligned to a wireless power transmitter 110 of the second embodiment incorporated into a work desk. Because of the annular configuration of the coils 112, 122, the angle of the VDU may be adjusted without the wireless coupling 100 being broken.
  • inductive energy transfer is improved considerably by the introduction of a ferromagnetic core 114, 124.
  • appropriate electrical loads such as standard lamps, computers, kitchen appliances and the like may draw power in the range of 10W - 200W for example.
  • Various exemplary applications of the wireless power transmitter 110 of Fig. 2B may be applicable to various devices such as a computer, activating a light bulb and the like.
  • the efficiency of the power coupling 100 depends upon the alignment between the secondary coil 122 of the wireless power receiver 120 and the primary coil 112 of the wireless power transmitter 110.
  • the substantially flat surface 130 is fabricated from transparent material such as glass or an amorphous plastic, such as PMMA for example, the user is able to see the wireless power receiver 120 directly and may thus align the wireless receiver 120 to the wireless transmitter 110 by direct visual observation.
  • the substantially flat surface 130 is opaque alternative alignment mechanisms 200 may be necessary.
  • alignment mechanisms 200 may include tactile, visual and/or audible indications, for example.
  • FIGs. 3A-C illustrating exemplary visual alignment mechanisms for a wireless power receiver 120.
  • Figs. 3A-C show a wireless power receiver 120 having a first visual indicator 250 consisting of two indicator LEDs: a rough alignment indicating orange LED 252 and fine alignment indicating green LED 254.
  • a wireless power transmitter 110 is concealed beneath an opaque surface 130.
  • Fig. 3 A shows the wireless power receiver 120 at a large distance from the wireless power transmitter 110 with neither of the two indicator LEDS being activated.
  • Fig. 3B shows the wireless power receiver 120 partially aligned with the wireless power transmitter 110 and the orange indicator LED 252 being lit up. This alerts a user that the receiver 120 is in proximity with a wireless power transmitter 110, but is not properly aligned therewith.
  • LEDs are either illuminated or not illuminated, however proximity data may be encoded by flashing, frequency or the like.
  • the intensity of power supplied to other types of indicator lamps may be used to indicate the degree of coupling, or a flashing indicator lamp may be provided, such that the frequency of flashing is indicative of degree of alignment.
  • the load is an incandescent light source or the like, it may be used directly for alignment purposes, since poor alignment results in a noticeable dimming affect.
  • Alignment of a wireless power receiver to a wireless power transmitter may be facilitated by using a plurality of wireless coils and thereby increasing the number of alignment locations.
  • a plurality of wireless power transmitters 110a- « are shown in Fig. 4A arranged into a wireless power array 1100 covering an extended surface 1300 according to still a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the wireless surface power array 1100 allows for a wireless power receiver 120 to be aligned with a wireless power transmitter 110 in a plurality of locations over the surface 1300. It is noted that although a rectangular arrangement is represented in Fig. 4A, other configurations such as a hexagonal close packed arrangement, for example, may be preferred. Optionally multiple layers of overlapping power transmitters 110 may be provided.
  • a power supplying surface may be provided which can provide power to a wireless power receiver 120 placed at almost any location thereupon, or even to a receiver in motion over the wireless power array 1100.
  • FIG. 4B illustrating two wireless power receivers 120A, 120B lying upon a single wireless power array 1100 including a plurality of embedded wireless power transmitters.
  • the wireless power receivers 120A, 120B are free to move parallel to the surface 1300 as indicated by the arrows.
  • an anchor 214 associated with the 120 couples with a snag 212 associated with a transmitter 110 so bringing the primary coil 112 into alignment with a secondary coil 122.
  • a power receiver 120A lies between two transmitters 110k, 1101, its anchor 214a is not engaged by any snag 212. Consequently, the secondary coil 122A of the power receiver 120A is not aligned with any primary coil 112. In such a situation an orange LED indicator 252A for example, may be used to indicate to the user that the receiver 120A is close to but not optimally aligned with a primary coil 112.
  • the secondary coil 122B is optimally aligned to the primary coil 112b of the transmitter 110b and this may be indicated for example by a green LED indicator 254B.
  • Fig. 4C showing a power receiver 1200 provided with at least two secondary overlapping coils 1202a, 1202b according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Efficient inductive power transfer may occur when either one of the power receiver's secondary coils 1202 is aligned to any primary coil 112.
  • known multi-coiled power receivers such as the double coiled receiver described in United States Patent No. 6,803,744, to Sabo, need to be specifically and non-rotatably aligned such that the two secondary coils are both coupled to primary coils simultaneously.
  • only one secondary coil 1202 may align with one primary coil 112 at a time. Alignment may thereby be achieved at any angle and the multi-coiled power receiver 1200 may be rotated through 360 degrees or more about the axis X of the primary coil 112.
  • the distance between the secondary coils 1202 may advantageously be selected to differ from the inter-coil spacing of the wireless power surface array 1100.
  • the multi-coil power receiver 1200 may then be moved laterally over the wireless power surface array 1100 and the driving unit of the wireless power array 1100 may activate the primary coils located closest to the wireless multi-coil power receiver 1200.
  • the secondary coils 1202a, 1202b may both receive power from the primary coils in their vicinity.
  • the wireless power transferred to both the secondary coils 1202a, 1202b may be subject to diode summation to produce a total voltage output. Because the two secondary coils 1202a, 1202b are never both aligned simultaneously, the total output voltage is smoothed and power fluctuations normally associated with power transfer to moving power receivers may be prevented. This increases overall efficiency and reduces the need for large variations in the power provided to the wireless power array 1100.
  • Wireless power transfer models have been simulated to measure the efficiency of power transfer to multiple secondary coils from a power surface with inter coil separation of 8.8 cm. With voltage applied only to the primary coil closest to a pair of secondary coils separated by 4.4 cm (half the surface inter-coil separation), the efficiency of total energy transferred to the pair of secondary coils does not fall below 80% as the pair of secondary coils undergoes lateral translation along the surface. This efficiency is further improved by increasing the number of secondary coils, for example in simulations of a triplet of secondary coils spaced at 2.9 cm from each other efficiencies of 90% were achieved.
  • each layer of primary coil arrays is offset from the others, for example by half the surface inter-coil separation.
  • a single coiled wireless power receiver may be placed upon the multilayered power surface and the driving unit of the power surface configured to activate only the primary coils within the multilayered power surface located closest to alignment with the secondary coil of the power receiver regardless of its layer. In this way, the voltage, efficiency and power transferred to the receiving coil are greatly stabilized.
  • Wireless power arrays 1100 may be incorporated within any flat surface 1300 where it is convenient to provide power.
  • Such surfaces include walls, floor areas, ceilings, desktops, workbenches, kitchen work surfaces and counter tops, shelves, doors and door panels and the like.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary horizontally orientated wireless power array 1100 and a wireless power receiver 120a electrically coupled to a computer 140a by means of a connecting cable 121a.
  • the wireless power receiver 120a is placed upon the power array 1100 and is inductively coupled to a wireless power transmitter 110 there within.
  • Power supplied to the computer 140a may power the computer 140a directly and/or recharge a rechargeable power cell thereof.
  • the arrangement of Fig. 5 A with wireless power receivers 120a connected by cables 121a typically reduces the length and number of wires and cables 121a necessary when connecting a computer 140a to a power source, and thus may be beneficial in conference rooms and the like, where such wires are obstructing, unsightly and generally inconvenient.
  • the wireless power receiver 120a may alternatively be integral to the computer 140a, and the connecting cable 121a thereby dispensed with altogether.
  • FIG. 6A illustrating a wireless power coupling system 600A provided for transmitting power wirelessly to at least one electric load (not shown) via a wireless power receiver 6120A.
  • the wireless power coupling system 600A is configured to have different coil sizes at a determined ratio, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the wireless power coupling system 600A comprises a wireless power receiver 6120A with at least one secondary coil 6122 of a first size.
  • the secondary coil 6120 is configured to couple with a wireless power transmitter 6110 having a multi-coil array comprising primary coils 6112a, 6112b and 6112c (collectively 6112, shown as an example in which the number of coils is not limiting).
  • the primary coils 6112 have a second size.
  • the wireless power transmitter and the associated transmission array may be incorporated within any flat surface 6130 where it is convenient to provide wireless power. Such surfaces may include desktops, workbenches, walls, floor areas, ceilings, kitchen work surfaces and counter tops, shelves, doors and door panels and the like.
  • Efficient wireless power transfer may occur when the size of the secondary coil 6122 of the wireless is greater than the size of each ultra-thin primary coil 6112 such that dead spots, effecting efficient wireless power transfer, are be eliminated.
  • the ratio of the sizes of primary and secondary coils may be selected to provide efficient wireless transfer. Where appropriate the ratio of primary coil width D T to secondary coil width D R may be between 2/3 and 1/4. Alternatively the ratio of primary coil width D T to secondary coil width D R may be above 2/3 or below 1/4 as required. Accordingly the reciprocal ratio of secondary coil width D R to primary coil width D T may be between 1.5 and 4. Alternatively, the ratio of secondary coil width D R to primary coil width DT may be below 1.5 and above 4, as required.
  • a single secondary coil may encompass at least one primary coil wherever it is situated above the surface.
  • the widths of the primary coil and secondary coil may be their diameters.
  • the width of the coil may be the distance between the most extreme edges of the coil, for example, in a near elliptical coil, the width may be the major axis of the ellipse.
  • the width of the coil may be the distance between the closes edges of the coil, for example, in a near elliptical coil, the width may be the minor axis of the ellipse.
  • the secondary coil may comprise non-circular shapes enabling a fit of a rectangular add-on at the bottom of a mobile device for example.
  • Fig. 6B showing a wireless power coupling system 600B provided for transmitting power wirelessly to at least one electric load (not shown) via a wireless power receiver 6120B comprising overlapping secondary coils, according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • Efficient wireless power transfer between a multi-coiled power receiver and a multi-coiled power transmitter may occur when either one of the power receiver's secondary coils 6122a, 6122b and 6122c associated with the multi-coiled power receiver is aligned to any ultra-thin primary coils 6122a, 6122b and 6122c associated with the multi-coiled power transmitter.
  • the overlapping segment 6123 between the secondary coils 6122a, 6122b and 6122c may advantageously be selected to differ from the inter-coil spacing of the wireless power transmitter surface coil array 6110.
  • the multi-coil power receiver 6120 may then be moved laterally over the wireless power surface array 6110 and the driving unit of the wireless power array 6110 may activate the ultra-thin primary coils located closest to the wireless multi-coil power receiver 6120.
  • the secondary coils 6122a, 6122b and 6122c may receive power from the ultra-thin primary coils 112 in their vicinity.
  • the wireless power transferred to all the secondary coils 6122a, 6122b and 6122c undergoes diode summation to produce a total voltage output. Because the three secondary coils 122 are never all aligned simultaneously, the total output voltage is smoothed and power fluctuations normally associated with power transfer to moving power receivers may be prevented. This increases overall efficiency and reduces the need for large variations in the power provided to the wireless power ultra-thin array 6110. It is noted that for the presentation of three overlapping secondary coils 6122 are shown in a non-limiting manner. For practical reasons, only two overlapping coils may be necessary to reach efficient wireless power transfer.
  • a wireless power receiver including multiple secondary coils
  • power may be drawn by an electric load from one secondary coil or from more than one secondary coil as required. Accordingly the multiple secondary coils may be connected to the electric load in various configurations.
  • the multiple secondary coils may be passively connected directly, or via a rectifier, to the electric load so as to provide power thereto.
  • the coils may be connected to the electric load via an active coil selector operable to select the secondary coil most suited to receive power wirelessly and to connect the selected coil to the load.
  • the multiple secondary coils may be connected, possibly via a rectifier, in parallel each individually to the electric load such that any power received by any of the secondary coils is transferred to the electric load.
  • the multiple secondary coils may be connected to one another in series to form a chain of secondary coils covering a larger area of a power transmitter.
  • the chain of secondary coils could then be connected to the electric load such that power received by any of the secondary coils from the power transmitter is transferred to the electric load.
  • the multiple coil wireless power receiver 600C includes an array of secondary coils 621C, 622C, 623C, a rectifier 626C and an electric load 628C, such as a chargeable battery or the like.
  • the secondary coils 621C, 622C, 623C may each be connected individually to the rectifier 626C.
  • the multiple coil wireless power receiver 600D includes an array of secondary coils 621D, 622D, 623D, a rectifier 626D and an electric load 628D, such as a chargeable battery or the like.
  • the secondary coils 621D, 622D, 623D of the array are connected to each other in series to form an extended secondary coil.
  • the extended secondary coil array is connected to the rectifier 626D such that if a primary coil of a wireless transmitter is activated in the vicinity of any of the secondary coils, the array will receive power and transfer the received power to the electric load.
  • an extended secondary coil may be produced by spreading the turns of a single secondary coil over a larger area.
  • the third configuration of a multiple coil wireless power receiver 600E includes a includes an array of secondary coils 621E, 622E, 623E, a receiver coil selector 624E, a rectifier 626E and an electric load 628E, such as a chargeable battery or the like.
  • the secondary coils 62 IE, 622E, 623E of the array are each connected to receiver coil selector 624E.
  • the receiver coil selector 624E may be operable to select one of the secondary coils 62 IE, 622E, 623E and to connect the selected coil to the load. Accordingly algorithms may be used to select the coil based upon feedback parameters communicated to the selector. For example, when the wireless power receiver 600E is brought into the vicinity of a wireless power transmitter the selector 624E may calculate the coupling factor for each of the secondary coils 621E, 622E, 623E and select the coil with highest coupling factor k, where k is given by the equation:
  • f is the transmission frequency
  • L P is the primary inductance and Ls is the secondary inductance
  • Z Ref is the reflected impedance of the receiver circuit as measured in the transmitter circuit
  • Z s is the secondary impedance given by
  • the coupling factor may be calculated by obtaining a number of parameters such as transmission frequency of the driving voltage, inductance of the primary coil circuit, inductance of the secondary coil circuit, the capacitance of the primary coil circuit, the capacitance of the secondary coil circuit, the resistance of the primary coil circuit, the resistance of the secondary coil circuit, the resistance of the load and the like.
  • the overlapping secondary coil arrangement 722 may be provided as a add-on retrofittable to an electrical device 720 and may have a substantially rectangular shape as of the host electrical device 720.
  • the overlapping secondary coil arrangement 722 may have a first layer comprising two secondary coils 732 and 732' and a second layer comprising a third secondary coil 734 partially overlapping the two secondary coils 732 and 732 of the first layer.
  • the secondary coils 732 and 732' of the first layer may be spaced apart at a distance selected according to the inter-spacing of the multiple coils of the transmitting surface 710.
  • Fig. 7B shows the cross-section A-A as indicated in Fig. 7A, where the primary coils 712, 714, 716 represent only a partial set of the multiple coil surface.
  • the surface may be architecturally designed in various configurations as illustrated schematically in Figs. 8A-C. It is noted that the drivers may be operable via a controller (not shown).
  • Fig. 8A illustrates a transmitting multi-coil surface configuration of a subset in which the primary coils are driven by a common driver associated with the multi-coil surface
  • Fig. 8B illustrates a transmitting multi-coil surface configuration in which a subset of primary coils are driven by a common driver associated with the multi-coil surface
  • Fig. 8C illustrates a transmitting multi-coil surface configuration in which each cluster comprising a set of primary coils of the surface, where each cluster is driving a dedicated common driver for each cluster.
  • Fig. 9A illustrating a signal transfer system 2101 according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the signal transfer system 2101 is used for locating a secondary coil L 2 2 wired to an electric load 2281, which is placed somewhere over a multi-coil power transmission surface 2211.
  • the multi-coil power transmission surface 2211 comprises an array of primary coils L ln each connected to a driver 2231 wired to a power source 2241.
  • the signal transfer system 2101 includes a transmission circuit 2141 wired to the secondary coil 2221 and a reception circuit 2161 connected to the driver 2231.
  • the transmission circuit 2141 includes a half- wave rectifier 2144 connected to an ancillary load 2142 and the reception circuit 2161 is configured to detect second harmonic signals in the power supplied to the primary inductive coil L ln when the secondary inductive coil L 2 2 is coupled thereto.
  • the driver 2231 is configured to selectively operate each primary inductive coil L ln in turn preferably at low power so as to identify which primary inductive coil is closest to the secondary inductive coil L22. When a secondary coil L22 is detected, the driver 2231 is then configured to operate the primary inductive coil L ln closest to the secondary inductive coil L22 at a high power. It will be appreciated that for some purposes it may be desirable to disconnect the transmission circuit 2141 after the secondary inductive coil L22 is coupled to a primary coil L ln .
  • the signal transfer system 1700A is used for locating a power receiver having a secondary coil L22 wired to an electric load 1781, which is placed somewhere over a multi-outlet power transmission surface 1711, enabling selection of a wireless power outlet of the multi-outlet power transmission surface closest to the location of the power receiver.
  • the multi-outlet power transmission surface 1711 comprises an array of wireless power outlets, each having a primary coil indicated by Ln, L12, and L13 through to L ln where each primary coil is connected to a driver 1731 wired to a power source (not shown) and to a reception circuit of a signal receiver 1761.
  • the signal transfer system 1700A includes a transmission circuit 1741 wired to the secondary coil L22 of a power receiver where the transmission circuit 1741 includes a signal transmitter 1742 operable to transmit detection signals (DETs).
  • Each signal receiver 1761 of the primary inductive coil L ln is configured to forward a detection signal (DETs) received from the signal transmitter unit 1742 to the outlet selector unit 1766, optionally through a signal filter 1762, filtering the detected communication signals for known communication signal frequencies.
  • the filtered detected signals may be forwarded for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis by the signal processing unit 1763.
  • the signal processing unit 1763 may serve various analysis requirements, such as to identify which primary inductive coil L ln is closest effectively to the secondary inductive coil L22.
  • the signal controller 1764 drives the driver 1731 to operate the primary inductive coil L ln closest to the secondary inductive coil L22 at a high power.
  • each primary inductive coil L ln may have a sensing mechanism and may use a signal receiver 1761 without a limiting multiplexer, as may be the case when prior art architectures are considered. Further, the sensing mechanism and the activation of the closest wireless power outlet may be operable to transmit a control signal, triggered by the processing unit 1763 as a result of the signal-quality computation.
  • the driver 1731 is configured to selectively operate each primary inductive coil L ln , in turn, upon receiving a control signal identified as the primary inductive coil which is closest effectively to the secondary inductive coil L22. Further, when a secondary coil L22 is detected, the driver 1731 may be configured to operate the primary inductive coil L ln closest effectively to the secondary inductive coil L22 at a high power.
  • the signal transfer system architecture for example, based upon SNR analysis or the like, as described hereinabove, may have various possible applications and commercial uses, such as:
  • ⁇ Power Transmission Surfaces may allow a wide active range for different shapes of receiver sizes.
  • In- vehicle power transmission surfaces may provide power transfer in transit, to receiver units which may be prone to movements while in motion. It is noted that the architecture of the signal transfer system coupled with SNR based analysis may require only fine-tuning the SNR thresholds per specific product, avoiding the need for knowing coil specific parameters, coil specific structure, coil- array topology and/or coil-array overlapping, or defining a coil-array specific configuration. . Accordingly, power related computations may not be required.
  • processing unit 1763 of the signal transfer system 1700 A is further operable to perform other digital signal analysis methods in addition to or alongside signal-to-noise-ratio.
  • a power regulator 300 provides a communications channel between the power receiver 120 wired to the load and the power transmitter 110.
  • the communication channel may be used to transfer data between the primary and the secondary coils.
  • the data transferred may be used to regulate the power transfer, for example.
  • the signal carries encoded data pertaining to one or more items of the list below:
  • Such a signal may be useful in various inductive energy couples usable with the present invention such as transformers, DC-to-DC converters, AC-to-DC converters, AC-to-AC converters, flyback transformers, flyback converters, full- bridge converters, half-bridge converters and forward converters.
  • composition or method may include additional ingredients and/or steps, but only if the additional ingredients and/or steps do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition or method.
  • a compound or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.
  • range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 as well as non- integral intermediate values. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
  • module does not imply that the components or functionality described or claimed as part of the module are all configured in a common package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in a single package or separately maintained and can further be distributed in multiple groupings or packages or across multiple locations.
  • embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof.
  • the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable medium such as a storage medium. Processors may perform the necessary tasks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un agencement de couplage d'énergie sans fil qui comporte au moins un émetteur d'énergie sans fil ; l'émetteur d'énergie comportant un réseau de bobines primaires, protégées derrière une couche isolante, pour permettre un couplage inductif à un récepteur d'énergie sans fil ; ledit récepteur d'énergie comportant une bobine secondaire, ladite couche isolante étant sensiblement plate. Les bobines secondaires et les bobines primaires sont de tailles différentes, la bobine primaire étant plus petite que la secondaire en un rapport allant de 2/3 à 1/4, afin de réduire la perte d'énergie et d'augmenter le rendement. De plus ou en variante, le récepteur d'énergie sans fil comporte au moins deux bobines secondaires qui se chevauchent pour éliminer une zone de silence provoquant une perte d'énergie.
PCT/IL2015/050713 2014-07-10 2015-07-09 Système et procédés de couplage d'énergie utilisant un réseau de bobines WO2016005984A1 (fr)

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WO2021243377A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Système et procédé de transfert d'énergie et de communication sans fil
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WO2021046204A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-11 Ge Hybrid Technologies, Llc Appareil de transmission de puissance sans fil à multiples organes de commande et à blocage de bobines adjacentes
WO2021243377A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Système et procédé de transfert d'énergie et de communication sans fil
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WO2023286264A1 (fr) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique sans contact, système d'alimentation électrique sans contact, ascenseur et dispositif porteur linéaire
JP7566159B2 (ja) 2021-07-16 2024-10-11 三菱電機株式会社 非接触給電装置、非接触給電システム、エレベーター、およびリニア搬送装置

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