WO2016004724A1 - 超薄直下式led背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜 - Google Patents

超薄直下式led背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜 Download PDF

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WO2016004724A1
WO2016004724A1 PCT/CN2014/092730 CN2014092730W WO2016004724A1 WO 2016004724 A1 WO2016004724 A1 WO 2016004724A1 CN 2014092730 W CN2014092730 W CN 2014092730W WO 2016004724 A1 WO2016004724 A1 WO 2016004724A1
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light source
lens
free
led light
led
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王洪
葛鹏
陈赞吉
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of LED backlight modules, in particular to a free-form optical lens of an ultra-thin direct-type LED backlight system.
  • the use of LED as a backlight in liquid crystal displays has great advantages over traditional CCFL light sources, mainly in high brightness, uniformity, and wide color gamut.
  • the backlight system of the current large-size liquid crystal display generally adopts a side-in type backlight structure, but the backlight system usually has a bright center of the module, the periphery is dark, the overall brightness is not high, the system energy utilization rate is not high, and the module is The increase in size, especially in large-size liquid crystal displays of 55 inches or more, the processing of the light guide plate in the backlight system is difficult, and the entire backlight system is weighted by the use of the light guide plate.
  • the direct-lit backlight does not require the use of a light guide plate, and directly utilizes the free light mixing of the LED, has less light energy loss, high system energy utilization, and high system brightness and uniformity. Therefore, in the design of large-size backlight system, the direct-lit backlight structure has more advantages and development prospects than the side-entry backlight structure.
  • the direct-type backlight system there are many problems such as the use of LEDs, the thickness of the system, and the poor heat dissipation of the system. In particular, the thickness of the system does not conform to the trend of thinning and thinning of the LCD TV, so the ultra-thin and direct-type LEDs are designed and implemented. The current research focus of the backlight system.
  • the present invention provides a free-form optical lens for an ultra-thin direct-type backlight system, which causes a light emitted by the LED light source to form a uniform illuminance on the screen.
  • the spot is light, and the distance between the LED light source and the screen is very close (not more than 30mm), so that the diffusing film and the brightness-enhancing film light optical component are not required in the backlight system, achieving ultra-thin design and reducing cost.
  • the lens has small volume, high uniformity, high utilization rate of light energy, and convenient fabrication and installation. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a free-form optical lens for an ultra-thin direct-type LED backlight module is made of a transparent material, the transparent material may be PMMA or PC, and the lens includes an incident surface and an exit surface.
  • a center of the bottom surface of the lens is provided with a hemispherical cavity in which the LED is mounted, the incident surface is formed by a hemispherical surface of the hemispherical cavity; the outer side surface of the lens is a free curved surface, and the free curved surface is The exit surface.
  • the shape of the freeform lens is determined as follows:
  • a coordinate system with the center of the light-emitting surface of the LED light source as an origin is established.
  • the plane of the light-emitting surface of the LED light source is the XOY plane, and the axis perpendicular to the origin and perpendicular to the XOY plane is the Z-axis, and the positive direction of the LED light source is the light-emitting direction.
  • a plane that intersects the Z-axis and is parallel to the plane XOY is the target illumination surface, that is, the screen in the backlight system, and point o is the center point of the target illumination surface.
  • the distance between the light source and the target illumination surface be H, and the square spot illumination area to be realized is L ⁇ W. Because of the symmetry, the first quadrant of the square spot illumination surface is taken as the research object, then the long side and the short side are The lengths of the first quadrant are L/2 and W/2, respectively.
  • the target illumination rectangular area to be realized is divided into M parts by the step size i in the X-axis direction, and is divided into N steps by the step size j in the Y-axis direction. For this, an array of x(M) and y(N) can be obtained. This will be divided into M x N rectangular square grids in the first quadrant of the target illumination area.
  • the solid angle of the LED light source is angularly divided, wherein ⁇ is the angle between the light emitted by the LED light source and the X axis, and ⁇ is the angle between the light emitted by the LED light source and the Z axis.
  • each rectangular area in the X-axis direction of the target illumination area is taken as the research object, and the following equation can be obtained according to the conservation of energy:
  • the above formula is the energy conservation relationship between each light-emitting area on the designed free-form lens and the mesh on the target surface. From the above equation, a series of ⁇ values can be obtained by computer iterative calculation.
  • the normal vector of the point on the curved surface is obtained by the law of refraction.
  • the normal plane is used to obtain the tangent plane.
  • the coordinates of the point on the curved surface are obtained by finding the intersection of the tangent plane and the incident ray.
  • the formula of the refractive law is as follows:
  • n is the refractive index
  • To emit a light unit vector The unit normal vector of a free-form surface at a certain point.
  • the unit vector of the incident ray can be obtained from ⁇ and ⁇ determined in steps 1 and 2, and the coordinate sequence corresponding to the outgoing ray on the illumination surface can be obtained by the law of conservation of energy and the law of refraction, so that the ray can be obtained.
  • the normal vector of the initial point can be obtained by the coordinates of the initial point and the unit vector of the corresponding outgoing ray, thereby determining the tangent plane of the point, and the tangent plane intersects the incident ray of the second point to determine the second point.
  • the next point is obtained by intersecting the tangent plane of the previous point with the line of the normal vector of the next point.
  • the coordinates of all points can be obtained by computer iteration.
  • the calculated free point coordinate values are imported into the modeling software, and the free-form surface lens model can be obtained by linear interpolation fitting or sampling interpolation, and the free-form surface lens can make the light emitted by the LED form uniform illumination on the target illumination area. Rectangular spot.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of coordinates of a backlight system in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the coordinates of the solid angle of the LED light source in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the division of the solid angle energy of the light source and the target illumination area in the embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a free curved surface of the lens in the embodiment.
  • the light emitted from the LED light source 100 is incident by the hemispherical cavity surface 301 of the free-form lens 300, passes through the lens and exits from the free curved surface 302 outside the lens, and finally illuminates the target. On the illuminated surface 200.
  • the total luminous flux of the LED light source is ⁇
  • the average illuminance of the target illumination area is E v
  • E v is defined here as the total luminous flux of the LED light source divided by the designed target illumination area
  • each rectangular area in the X-axis direction of the target illumination area is taken as the research object, and the following equation can be obtained according to the conservation of energy:
  • the normal vector of the point on the curved surface is obtained by the law of refraction.
  • the normal plane is used to obtain the tangent plane.
  • the coordinates of the point on the curved surface are obtained by finding the intersection of the tangent plane and the incident ray.
  • the formula of the refractive law is as follows:
  • n is the refractive index and the light refracts as it passes through the free-form surface of the hemispherical cavity, the value of which depends on the material of the lens.
  • the unit vector of the incident ray can be obtained from ⁇ and ⁇ determined in steps 1 and 2, and the coordinate sequence corresponding to the outgoing ray on the illumination surface can be obtained by the law of conservation of energy and the law of refraction, so that the ray can be obtained.
  • the normal vector of the initial point can be obtained by the coordinates of the initial point and the unit vector of the corresponding outgoing ray, thereby determining the tangent plane of the point, and the tangent plane intersects the incident ray of the second point to determine the second point.
  • the next point is obtained by intersecting the tangent plane of the previous point with the line of the normal vector of the next point.
  • the coordinates of all points can be obtained by computer iteration.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the free-form optical lens 300 obtained by the above scheme.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜（300），使LED光源（100）发出的光在屏幕上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑，而且LED光源（100）与屏幕的距离不大于30mm；透镜（300）包括入射面及出射面，透镜（300）的底面中心设有一个供LED（100）安装于其内的半球形空腔，入射面由半球形空腔的半球面（301）构成；透镜（300）的外侧面是自由曲面（302），该自由曲面即出射面。该透镜不需要其它的辅助装置进行配光，减少了配光系统对光能的损耗，提高了光能利用率，同时达到大尺寸直下式背光系统的超薄化设计要求并且降低了成本。另外，透镜的底面中部设有一供LED安装于其内的半球形空腔，使LED光源和散热装置易于安装，有利于提高整个背光系统的散热效率。

Description

超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜 技术领域
本发明涉及LED背光模组技术领域，特别涉及超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜。
背景技术
LED作为背光源应用于液晶显示器相比传统CCFL光源具有很大的优势，主要体现在亮度高、均匀性好、宽色域。当前大尺寸液晶显示器的背光系统一般采用侧入式背光结构，但是这种背光系统通常存在模组中心偏亮，四周偏暗，总体亮度不高，系统能量利用率不高，而且随着模组尺寸的增加，特别是在55英寸以上的大尺寸液晶显示器，背光系统中的导光板加工制作比较困难，而且整个背光系统由于使用了导光板使得模组本身重量加重。直下式背光由于不需要使用导光板，直接利用LED的自由混光，光能损耗少，系统能量利用率高，系统亮度高和均匀性好。因此在大尺寸背光系统设计中，直下式背光结构相对侧入式背光结构来说更具有优势和发展前景。但在直下式背光系统中，存在着LED使用数量很多、系统厚度厚、系统散热性不佳等问题，特别是系统厚度不符合液晶电视的轻薄化趋势，因此设计并实现超薄化直下式LED背光系统的目前研究重点。
发明内容
针对大尺寸直下式LED背光系统面临的超薄化设计问题，本发明提供了用于超薄直下式背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜，该透镜使LED光源发出的光在屏幕上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑，而且LED光源与屏幕的距离很近(不大于30mm)，从而该背光系统中不需要装配扩散膜和增亮膜灯光学组件，达到超薄化设计并且降低成本。另外，该透镜体积小，均匀性高，光能利用率高，制作安装方便。本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种用于超薄直下式LED背光模组的自由曲面光学透镜由透明材料制成，透明材料可为PMMA或PC，透镜包括入射面及出射面。所述透镜的底面中心设有一个提供LED安装于其内的半球形空腔，所述的入射面由所述半球形空腔的半球面构成；透镜的外侧面是自由曲面，该自由曲面即所述的出射面。
自由曲面透镜的形状确定如下：
1.设定初始条件并对目标照明区域进行均匀划分。
建立以LED光源发光面的中心为原点的坐标系，LED光源发光面所在平面为XOY平面，过原点并与XOY平面垂直的轴为Z轴，LED光源以Z轴正方向为发光方向。与Z轴交点为o且平行于平面XOY的平面为目标照明面，即背光系统中的屏幕，点o为目标照明面的中心点。LED光源总光通量为φ，目标照明区域的平均照度为Ev(Ev在这里定义为LED光源总光通量除以所设计的目标照明区域面积)，LED光源中心光强为I0＝φ/π。
设光源与目标照明面的距离为H，所需要实现的方斑照明面积为L×W，由于具有对称性，取方斑照明面的第一象限作为研究对象，则其长边和短边在第一象限的长度分别为L/2和W/2，首先，将待实现的目标照明矩形区域在X轴方向上以步长i等分成M份，沿Y轴方向以步长j等分成N份，由此可得到x(M)和y(N)的数组。这样在目标照明区域的第一象限内将划分成了M×N的矩方形网格。
2.利用能量守恒定律将LED光源发光立体角进行划分
将LED光源发光立体角进行角度划分，其中α为LED光源发出的光线与X轴的夹角，β为LED光源发出的光线与Z轴的夹角。通过数值计算目标照明区域的每一个网格的能量，将LED光源的出射光线角进行度离散化，对应于目标照明区域在第一象限的划分，在α角上分成M份，在β角上分成N份。
然后，以目标照明区域X轴方向的每条矩形区域作为研究对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000001
由上式可以得出α的迭代关系式，通过计算机迭代计算可以求出一系列α值。接着，以目标区域的每一小方格作为研究对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000002
上式即为所设计的自由曲面透镜上每个出光区域与目标面上网格之间的能量守恒关系。由上式通过计算机迭代计算可以求出一系列β的数值。
3.计算自由曲面透镜离散坐标
由折射定律求出所述曲面上点的法向量，利用这个法向量求得切平面，通过求切平面与入射光线的交点得到曲面上点的坐标，所述的折射定律公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000003
式中，n为折射率，
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000004
为入射光线单位向量，
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000005
为出射光线单位向量，
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000006
为自由曲面在某一点上的单位法向量。
具体计算方法：由步骤1和2中所确定的α和β可以求出入射光线的单位向量，由能量守恒定律、折射定律可以得到照明面上与出射光线对应的坐标序列，从而可以得出射光线的方向向量。通过初始点的坐标和与其对应的出射光线的单位向量，可以得到初始点的法向向量，从而确定该点的切平面，该切平面与第二点的入射光线相交从而确定第二点。由前一点的切平面与下一点的法向量所在的直线相交可得出下一点，通过计算机迭代可得出所有点的坐标。
4.利用机械仿真软件将得到的点拟合为曲面
将计算得到的所有点坐标值导入到建模软件中，可以通过线性插值拟合或者取样插值得到的自由曲面透镜模型，该自由曲面透镜能使LED发出的光在目标照明区域上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点有：LED光源发出的光能量全部经自由曲面透镜后出射，能在相距很近的目标照明面上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑，而且不需要其它的辅助装置进行配光，减少了配光系统对光能的损耗，提高了光能利用率，同时达到大尺寸直下式背光系统的超薄化设计要求并且降低了成本。另外，透镜的底面中部设有一供LED安装于其内的半球形空腔，使LED光源和散热装置易于安装，有利于提高整个背光系统的散热效率。
附图说明
图1为实施方式中背光系统的坐标示意图。
图2为实施方式中LED光源发光立体角的坐标示意图。
图3为实施方式中光学系统原理的二维示意图。
图4为实施方式中光源立体角能量与目标照明区域划分示意图。
图5为实施方式中透镜的自由曲面示意图。
图6为实施方式中透镜的三维立体示意图。
图7为实施方式中透镜截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的进行详细的描述，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。
1.建立坐标系并设定初始条件
首先，如图1所示，建立以LED光源发光面101的中心为原点的坐标系，LED光源发光面所在平面为XOY平面，过原点并与XOY平面垂直的轴为Z轴，LED光源以Z轴正方向为发光方向。与Z轴交点为o且平行于平面XOY的平面为目标照明面200，即背光系统中的屏幕，点o为目标照明面的中心点。如图2所示，α为LED光源发出的光线102与X轴的夹角，β为LED光源发出的光线与Z轴的夹角。
如图3中光学系统原理的二维示意图所示，从LED光源100出射的光线由自由曲面透镜300的半球形腔面301入射，经过透镜并从透镜外侧的自由曲面302出射，最终照射在目标照明面200上。
2.对目标照明区域和LED光源发光立体角进行划分
设光源发光面101与目标照明面201的距离为H，所需要实现的方斑照明面积为L×W，由于具有对称性，取方斑照明面的第一象限作为研究对象，则其长边和短边在第一象限的长度分别为L/2和W/2，首先，将待实现的目标照明矩形区域在X轴方向上以步长i等分成M份，沿Y轴方向以步长j等分成N份，由此可得到x(M)和y(N)的数组。这样在目标照明区域的第一象限内将划分成了M×N的矩方形网格，如图4所示。
LED光源总光通量为φ，目标照明区域的平均照度为Ev(Ev在这里定义为LED光源总光通量除以所设计的目标照明区域面积)，LED光源中心光强为I0＝φ/π。通过数值计算目标照明区域的每一个网格的能量，将LED光源的出射光线角进行度离散化，对应于目标照明区域在第一象限的划分，在α角上分成M份，在β角上分成N份，如图4所示。
然后，以目标照明区域X轴方向的每条矩形区域作为研究对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000007
由上式可以得出α的迭代关系式，通过计算机迭代计算可以求出一系列α值。接着，以目标区域的每一小方格作为研究对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000008
上式即为所设计的自由曲面透镜上每个出光区域与目标面上网格之间的能量守恒关系。由上式通过计算机迭代计算可以求出一系列β的数值。
3.计算自由曲面透镜离散坐标
由折射定律求出所述曲面上点的法向量，利用这个法向量求得切平面，通过求切平面与入射光线的交点得到曲面上点的坐标，所述的折射定律公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000009
式中，n为折射率，光线经过半球形腔的自由曲面时发生折射，其取值视透镜材料而定。
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000010
为入射光线单位向量，
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000011
为出射光线单位向量，
Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-000012
为自由曲面在某一点上的单位法向量。
具体计算方法：由步骤1和2中所确定的α和β可以求出入射光线的单位向量，由能量守恒定律、折射定律可以得到照明面上与出射光线对应的坐标序列，从而可以得出射光线的方向向量。通过初始点的坐标和与其对应的出射光线的单位向量，可以得到初始点的法向向量，从而确定该点的切平面，该切平面与第二点的入射光线相交从而确定第二点。由前一点的切平面与下一点的法向量所在的直线相交可得出下一点，通过计算机迭代可得出所有点的坐标。
4.利用机械仿真软件将得到的曲线拟合为曲面
将上述计算得到的所有点坐标值导入到建模软件中，可以通过线性插值拟合或者取样插值得到的自由曲面302，如图5所示。通过添加透镜的半球形入射面和底面，最终制作出自由曲面透镜的实体模型300，如图6所示。图7为通过上述方案得到的自由曲面光学透镜300截面图。
采用上述技术方案后，LED光源发出的光能量全部经自由曲面透镜后出射，能在相距很近的目标照明面上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑，而且不需要其它的辅助装置进行配光，减少了配光系统对光能的损耗，提高了光能利用率，同时达到大尺寸直下式背光系统的超薄化设计要求并且降低了成本。另外，透镜的底面中部设有一供LED安装于其内的半球形空腔，使LED光源和散热装置易于安装，有利于提高整个背光系统的散热效率。

Claims (3)

  1. 超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜，其特征在于该透镜使LED光源发出的光在屏幕上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑，而且LED光源与屏幕的距离小于或等于30mm；所述透镜包括入射面及出射面，所述透镜的底面中心设有一个供LED安装于其内的半球形空腔，所述的入射面由所述半球形空腔的半球面构成；透镜的外侧面是自由曲面，该自由曲面即所述的出射面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜，其特征在于所述自由曲面透镜的形状确定如下：
    (1)设定初始条件并对目标照明区域进行均匀划分
    建立以LED光源发光面的中心O为原点的坐标系，LED光源发光面所在平面为XOY平面，过原点并与XOY平面垂直的轴为Z轴，LED光源以Z轴正方向为发光方向；与Z轴交点为o且平行于平面XOY的平面为目标照明面，即背光系统中的屏幕，点o为目标照明面的中心点；LED光源总光通量为φ，目标照明区域的平均照度为Ev，Ev为LED光源总光通量除以所需目标照明区域面积，LED光源中心光强为I0＝φ/π；
    设光源与目标照明面的距离为H，所需要实现的方斑照明面积为L×W，由于具有对称性，取方斑照明面对应的第一象限作为对象，则其长边和短边在第一象限的长度分别为L/2和W/2，首先，将待实现的目标照明矩形区域在X轴方向上以步长i等分成M份，沿Y轴方向以步长j等分成N份，由此可得到x(M)和y(N)的数组；这样在目标照明区域的第一象限内将划分成了M×N的矩方形网格；
    (2)利用能量守恒定律将LED光源发光立体角进行划分
    将LED光源发光立体角进行角度划分，其中α为LED光源发出的光线与X轴的夹角，β为LED光源发出的光线与Z轴的夹角；通过数值计算目标照明区域的每一个网格的能量，将LED光源的出射光线角进行度离散化，对应于目标照明区域在第一象限的划分，在α角上分成M份，在β角上分成N份；
    然后，以目标照明区域X轴方向的每条矩形区域作为对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100001
    由上式可以得出α的迭代关系式，通过计算机迭代计算求出一系列α值；以目标区域 的每一小方格作为研究对象，根据能量守恒可以得到下式：
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100002
    上式即为自由曲面透镜上每个出光区域与目标面上网格之间的能量守恒关系，由上式通过计算机迭代计算求出一系列β的数值；
    (3)计算自由曲面透镜离散坐标
    由折射定律求出所述曲面上点的法向量，利用这个法向量求得切平面，通过求切平面与入射光线的交点得到曲面上点的坐标，所述的折射定律公式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100003
    式中，n为折射率，
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100004
    为入射光线单位向量，
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100005
    为出射光线单位向量，
    Figure PCTCN2014092730-appb-100006
    为自由曲面在某一点上的单位法向量；
    由步骤(1)和(2)中所确定的α和β求出入射光线的单位向量，由能量守恒定律、折射定律得到照明面上与出射光线对应的坐标序列，从而得出射光线的方向向量；通过初始点的坐标和与其对应的出射光线的单位向量，得到初始点的法向向量，从而确定该点的切平面，该切平面与第二点的入射光线相交从而确定第二点，由前一点的切平面与下一点的法向量所在的直线相交得出下一点，通过计算机迭代得出所有点的坐标；
    (4)将计算得到的所有点的坐标值导入到建模软件中，通过线性插值拟合或者取样插值得到的自由曲面透镜模型，该自由曲面透镜能使LED发出的光在目标照明区域上形成照度均匀的矩形光斑。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超薄直下式LED背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜，其特征在于所述透镜由透明材料制成，透明材料为PMMA或PC。
PCT/CN2014/092730 2014-07-09 2014-12-02 超薄直下式led背光系统的自由曲面光学透镜 Ceased WO2016004724A1 (zh)

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