WO2015191017A1

WO2015191017A1 - Propeller with super conductive electrical motor for air vehicles

Info

Publication number: WO2015191017A1
Application number: PCT/TR2015/000236
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bülent ORAN; Ömer Faruk ORAN; Elif ORAN
Original assignee: Oran Bülent; Oran Ömer Faruk; Oran Elif
Priority date: 2014-06-13
Filing date: 2015-05-26
Publication date: 2015-12-17

Abstract

Invention is about an electrical jet motor system with super conductive technology which can be used as a throttle power in all kind of air vehicles. Special designed electrical motor (1) has no axis shaft. Super conductive wires (2.5) with mono, double or triple helix windings are used in the stator (1.1). At least one rotor (1.2) and spiral blades (1.3) mounted interior surface of the rotor (1.2) are rotating in a magnetic bearing (1.4) which is supported with bearings. Besides all the advantages of direct drive technology and brushless electrical motors are going to be used together.

Description

DESCRIPTION

PROPELLER WITH SUPER CONDUCTIVE ELECTRICAL MOTOR

FOR AIR VEHICLES

TECHNICAL FIELD

Invention is about a jet motor which is reconfigured with the super conductive technology to use as a thrust power in military or civil purposed airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles and suchlike air vehicles

PRIOR ART

In United States, 15% of oil is used by airplanes, trains and ships. It's known that airplanes spend more than one million barrels of oil per day. If necessary precautions are not taken, it's predicted that in year 2025, an average of %20 more carbon dioxide will come out than today which will trigger the global warming. When it is considered that the oil reserves are about the dry up, it is time to develop clean energy systems which are sensitive to the environment.

In the recent years, it has been proved that super conductivity technologies offer an outstanding technical performance in the electrical systems. When they are used in different power systems, extra ordinary high performance results have been taken that cannot be comparable with the traditional tools. Since the super conductives are in use, a remarkable economical and technical advantage has revived. That useful areas is not limited with the electrical conduction and electricity distribution, maybe in the near future, they will come up with the successful applications in the different modified power systems. As we know, a hundred times more current can flow through a super conductive wire relatively to a resistless copper wire, thus motors can produce higher power with less energy.

By using powerful magnets with special combinational and low lossy materials, production of high efficient, brushless, synchronized and servo motors is reached to important stages in the technological perspective. It is known that very different kinds of modifications are applied to the electrical motors depending on their purpose of use. There are differently designed air vehicles with electrical motors which are able to reach to the production phase. Besides that, a design with an axis shaft is not described for the propulsion of air vehicles, yet.

Today, with the high temperature and low temperature super conductive wire technology has gone further, super conductivity has become an alternative for the advanced power systems and electrical motors. Also, it is known that future super conductive motors or generators potentially can offer a few times more efficiency because there is no resistance for the electrical current.

Super conductivity is a specification of some materials about showing no electrical resistance below or above some temperatures. Electrical machines that depend on super conductivity technology may have an expensive cost nevertheless they can be more efficient. And for the future, they give us big hopes for clean energy. In the next few years, costs are expected to be lowered. Besides, new developed second generation super conductive wires are thinner and they seem like a flat tape. That will provide industrial designers so much opportunity to design because of the flexibility, for the electrical machines depends on super conductivity technology.

Today, except MR scanning, super conductive equipments are started to use in the wind turbines. When compared to similar ones, high efficiency is gathered in low revolutions. And again, compared to conventional ones, a few times more energy can be produced in megawatt level with the super conductive wind turbines. Nowadays, modem super conductive wind turbines are developed and their technology is proved that they are trustable, quiet and low cost. In the near future, similar developments can be expected for the electrical motors with the same running logic. Because super conductive systems have specifications like high reliability, low maintenance cost and long life (about 25 years).

US Air Forces and NASA are interested in turbo-electrical thrust systems for a long time. The major airplane manufacturers are searching for a definite solution in that area. Super conductive turbo-electrical hybrid thrust systems are in the NASA's target for the next generation of hybrid-electrical commercial airplanes. There can be another solution for compact and powerful electrical motors like "Turbo-electrical hybrid throttle gas turbines". For traditional large commercial cargo or passenger air planes, it seems impossible to use that kind of hybrid motors which have tens of megawatts throttle power for today. At the top of the problems that has to be solved, there is the weight of the hydrogen or jet fuel tanks and burning rooms with the high weighted super conductive energy systems.

It is known that, in the industry, the efficiency of the large industrial super conductive motors is raised to %99 and that reduces the cost of the energy. There is a necessary for to use smaller and lighter throttle systems which are used in the new generation transportation vehicles like electrical sea vehicles, ships and electrical air planes. It is predicted that, the ponderous structure of super conductive technology is going to be better in time and it is going to take less space and be lighter. For that reason, it seems like a technology which can only be used in middle and big scaled air vehicles.

There are also important developments in the storage of the energy and the capacitors named "synchronized condensers" which super conductive technology used in become available in that area. Thus, the electrical motors which consume very large scaled energy in megawatts can be fed with the huge capacitors which super conductive technology used in. In the end, when the high efficient electrical air plane jet motors which super conductive technology used in are started to use, more fuel saving, more quiet, more environmental and less harmful transportation will be occurred.

In the last aviation exhibition, Rolls-Royce made a presentation of an electrical jet motor which super electrical equipments are going to be used in, as the future electrical air plane jet motor. When that design has examined it is observed that the super conductive technology is added to a conventional electrical motor with an axis shaft. An electrical jet motor without an axis shaft, rolls in a magnetic bearing and super conductive technology is used, which comprises the base of our invention, seems like an extra ordinary design to reveal unlimited opportunities in that area. In our TR 2012/08854 numbered national patent application (Vertical Take Offlanding and Balance System for Aerial Vehicles), we mentioned about "A rotor which is integrated with the fan blades and doesn't have an axis shaft" structure. In the mentioned patent application, we encountered some new technical problems during our studies. These problems are listed below.

First one, there is an efficiency lowness based on resistance and heat loss in the commonly used electrical motors in that area. Second one, that kind of electrical motors are getting heated while they are producing high power and that means energy loss. Third one, as a result of common rotating action of rotors on a proper bearing causes losses according to friction. Fourth one, either the rotor or the stators of the motor is placed one on the top of the other and is made up from sheet plates with compressed siiicium. These plates significantly increase the motor's weight. Fifth one, the systems that have two or more rotors and stators will have an increase on power and efficiency more than the systems that have one stator and one rotor, because they will have lower power values. Besides, even one of the stators is broken, with the other stator/stators, the motor is going to continue to work and it is not going to stop. The continuation of the motor, even on low power, has a vital importance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As it is known electric motors are constituted with two parts having same axis that one of them is fixed part (called stator) and rotating part (called rotor) having shape of like a cylinder. The motor used in this system formed by interlaced parts which are rotor and stator. The stator having electric coils is outside and the rotor having feature of natural magnet bars is inside. The rotor can freely rotate inside the stator via bearings and magnetic shell. The spiral blades of propeller, which has not a shaft, mounted all around rotor and formed an integrated structure. The rotor and the propeller rotate simultaneously in order to push the air.

The invention is a synchronous, servo motor that is used in air vehicles for throttle, working according to basic principle of a brushless electric motor. The rotor without shaft and supported by bearings rotates in the magnetic shell, is shaped like an empty cylinder. The two or more fan blades integrated with the rotor are mounted all around the interior surface of the rotor. Rotor and fan blades provide a throttle force by pushing the air, which rotates together. This system can be applied on aerial vehicles, warplanes and aircrafts. These motors are high efficiency torque motors having smaller volume and produce more power despite consuming low energy compared with the other motors.

In our works, in order to find solutions to the problems that we mentioned in the prior art section, different ideas has come up. These ideas are listed below.

First one, low efficiency in electrical motors caused by high resistance and heat loss, will not be occured when super conductive equipments are used. For this reason, when our system is produced with the super conductive technology, without any resistance, a high efficiency up to % 99 percentages is predicted. Second one, when super conductive technology is used overheating and the energy loss caused by heat which is a problem in the classical electrical motors will not be occurred. For that reason, in one of the parts of our invention, stator, super conductive wires and equipments will be used. Third one, for the rotor, we developed a design instead of the common bearings which let the rotor to rotate on safety bearing and magnetic bearing compounds without any contact. Thus, the losses caused by friction will be reduced to minimum or disposed with the magnetic bearing. Fourth one, for making the airplane motor lighter; an ironless stator without sheets instead of sheet plates with compressed silicium which are placed one on the top of the other, a frameless stator which does not have a frame coils placed on it, a slotless stator which does not have slots that coils placed in will be used. With these designs, mono- helix, double helix or triple-helix coil windings will be used, too. Besides, on the rotors and stators, for making the motor lighter, carbon fiber like light but durable materials will be used as gap filling and support material. Fan blades will also be prepared from a carbon fiber like metariai which is light but endurable. Fifth one, systems which has two or more rotors and stators is suggested instead of a system which has one stator and one rotor. Thus, efficiency and power will be much more. Also, if a breakdown occurs in the stators, the other stator/stators and rotor/rotors are going to continue to work and will not stop, even in low power.

The electrical jet motor which has a super conductivity feature because of using compounds consist of inorganic or organic different materials like copper, iron, aluminium, carbon will be driven with the driver circuit. With the encoder, the rotation speeds of the motors will be perceived in every moment and will be evaluated in the microprocessor, by this way the rotation speed of the fans can be adjusted as required. The encoder comprises optical and magnetic area sensor features. It will be able to adjust the slow rotation adjustments, besides it will allow speed stabilization, even if necessary the rotation direction can be directed to the opposite direction so the breaking advantage while the air vehicle lands on the airfield will be gained. If the number of the electrical motors is two or multiple of two, to make the system work balanced, the designs of the rotation directions of the motors will be arranged as opposite to each other. Another subject is because of not having an axis shaft, an extra resistance will not be occurred against air flow and the system will be provided to work with more efficiency. The system rotates in a magnetic bearing so it can work with a high efficiency and without needing any maintenance for many years. And the cost of spare parts is going to be low. The weight is an important disadvantage for air vehicles. But comparing to similar technologies, having very high throttle and very high efficiency is can be predicted.

It seems it is not possible to use them in small scaled air vehicles for now when the weight of the equipments which super conductive technology and energy storage need is considered. But with the improvements on super conductive technology, it is thought that it can be used in middle and large scaled air vehicles in near future.

THE MEANING OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1. Representative Image on a PI

Figure 2. Perspective Mounted View Figure 3. Mounted Front View

Figure 4. A-A Cut View

Figure 5. B-B Cut View

Figure 6. Perspective View of Mounted Rotor and Stator

Figure 7. C Deatiled View of Stator

Figure 8. D-D Cut View

Figure 9. Perspective View of Stator

Figure 10. Perspective View of Rotor

Figure 1 1 . Representative View of the Connected Electrical Jet Motor and Connection Unit

Figure 12 Mono Helix Winding View for Coils

Figure 13 Double Helix Winding View for Coils

Figure 14 Triple Helix Winding View for Coils Description of the Reference Numerals

1. Electrical Jet Motor

1.1 . Stator

1 .2. Rotor

1.3. Spiral Fan Blades

1.4. Magnetic Bearing Components

1.5. Permanent Magnet Bar

1 .6. Permanent Magnet Ring

1 .7. Safety Bearing

1.8. Housing

1.9. Exhaust

H O. Diffusor

2. Connection Unit of the Electrical Jet Motor

2.1 . Connection Apparatus

2.2. Connection Cables

2.3. Cable Protection Cases

2.4. Super Conductivity Support Apparatus

2.5. Coils Made of Super Conductive Cables 2.6. Battery

2.7. Generator

2.8. Super Conductive Capacitor DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Invention consists of electrical jet motor (1) and electrical jet motor connection unit (2). Electrical jet motor (1) consists of stator (1.1), rotor (1.2), spiral fan blades (1.3), magnetic bearing components (1.4), permanent magnet bar (1.5), permanent magnet ring (1.6), safety bearing (1.7), housing (1.8), exhaust (1.9) and diffusor (1.10). Electrical jet motor connection unit (2) consists of connection apparatus (2.1), connection cables (2.2), cable protection cases (2.3), super conductivity support apparatus (2.4), coils made of super conductive cables (2.5), battery (2.6), generator (2.7) and super conductive capacitor (2.8).

Invention is a system comprises an electrical jet motor(1), stator (1.1) and rotor (1.2) of that motor, spiral fan blades (1.3) mounted interior surface of the rotor (1.2), magnetic bearing components (1.4) which have the feature of permanent natural magnet, bars (1.5) which have the feature of permanent natural magnet placed on the rotor, safety bearing (1.7) adjacent to magnetic bearing components, a housing (1.8) that coats the outside of the motor, an exhaust (1.9) on the back and a diffusor (1.10) that removes the turbulance of the air flow that is going to be exhausted from the exhaust (1.9) during the motor is running.

The control unit that makes the system controllable, respectively comprises a microprocessor, a motor driver unit, a special software, "hall" sensors that sense the rotation speed of the rotor and send that data to the driver unit regularly, a coder (encoder) for the number of revolutions of the motor.

It is clearly known that the high resistance and the low efficiency depending on heat on the common motors are not going to be seen when the super conductive equipments are used. For that reason it can be predicted that our system can work up to %99 percentages of efficiency when it is produced with the super conductive technology.

The super conductivity support apparatus (2.4) that will support the electrical jet motor (1) and super conductive capacitor (2.8) occupies a very large area with the today's technology. So it is preferably going to be placed in the body of the air vehicle. But in the future, with the improvements in the super conductivity area, it is predicted that those apparatus are going to be lighter and takes up less space.

Electrical jet motor (1) consists of two parts having same axis that one of them is fixed stator (1.1) and the other one is moving rotor (1.2) with a shape of a cylinder. The stator (1.1) having electric coils is outside and the rotor (1.2), having permanet magnet bars (1.5) is inside. The rotor (1.2) can be rotated freely on the magnetic bearing components (1.4) which comprises of permanent magnet rings (1.6) and safety bearings (1.7) inside the stator. Spiral fan blades (1.3) are placed on the interior surface of the rotor (1.2) because axis shaft does not exist. Spiral fan blades (1.3) and rotor (1.2) are in an integrated structure. At least one spiral fan blade (1.3) is mounted to form at least one row all around interior surface of the rotor (1.2). Spiral fan blades (1.3) take the air which they are in, from front and push it to the back by turning with the rotor (1.2).

The heat and the energy loss depending on that on the common electrical motors are not going to be seen when the super conductive technologies are used. For that reason, one of our invention's component, the coils (2.4) that is made of super conductive cables, is going to be used and they are going to be supported by the super conductivity support apparatus (2.4). Coils (2.5) made of super conductive cables consist of super conductive wires made of different organic or inorganic materials like copper, iron, aluminium, carbon which are isolated to electricity and to outer heat.

As it is known, a common wire which conducts electricity gains super conductivity feature on very high and very low temperatures. Our system is going to be compatible with super conductive wires that work in high and low temperatures. Those wires are quite thick and resistant to bending. Because of that while winding the coils (2.5) which are made of super conductive wires, mono helix, double helix or triple helix windings are going to be used. Especially it is predicted that the triple helix winding method is going to be suitable for three phase electrical motors.

The used electrical motor has a feature of high efficient, brushless, servo motor. Rotor (1 .2) speed is detected by the revolution number coder (encoder) and transferred to the microprocessor (2.1 ) real timely. Motor is driven by a software which is prepared with a proper algorhytm and a microprocessor which works with the counter sensors. Tracking and stabilizing the speed of the spiral fan blades (1 .3) is going to be made by microprocessor after the real-time data is gathered by counter sensors and processed by software. Revolution speed can easily be tracked with this method. Speed stabilization can be possible and when it is needed the spinning direction of the rotor (1 .1 ) can be reversed. It means, spiral fan blades (1 .3) are designed to be capable of turning clockwise and counter clock wise.

Another subject is because of not having an axis shaft there is not going to be an additional resistance to the air and the spiral blades (1 .3) of the system will work with more efficiency and will work for many years without any maintenance requirement.

Battery (2.6) provides the necessary power to the electrical jet motor (1). There is a generator (2.7) in the system which charges the battery (2.6). Another power source will be the super conductive capacitor (2.8) with the enough size for the electrical jet motor (1 ). That super conductive capacitor (2.8) provides the necessary energy for the electrical jet motor (1 ) and the super conductivity support apparatus (2.4). After takeoff or landing is completed, generator (2.7) continues to charge the battery (2.6) for a while and when charging is completed it remains disabled. Thus battery (2.6) always stays full. It is also possible to charge the system with the city network while the air vehicle waits at the airport. Besides while landing, the motion energy that occurred from the rotation of the spiral fan blades (1 .3) according to fast air flow can be stored to the battery (2.5) and to the super conductive capacitor (2.8) to use again by converting it to the electrical energy with the help of the generator (2.7). Super conductivity support apparatus (2.4) is going to be placed in the air vehicle's body or wings because it occupies a large place. Electrical jet motor system is connected to air vehicle by connection unit (2). The cables which prodives the data transfer between the motor driving circuit and microprocessor and energy transfer cables are carried by connection apparatus. Connection cables (2.2) are carried safely between air vehicle's main body and electrical jet motor (1 ) by special cable protection cases.

Friction is an important energy loss of our system. For that reason, rotor (1 .2) is designed to rotate freely on safety bearing (1 .7) and magnetic bearing components (1 .4) instead of common bearings. Thus, the losses because of friction will be reduced to minimum, even will be disappeared. For that purpose there are magnetic bearing components (1.4) formed by permanent magnetic rings (1 .6) on the front and back side of the rotor (1 .2). Safety bearing (1.7) is going to be active when electrical jet motor (1 ) produces very high power, means generates high torque. Except that times, rotor (1.2) is going to rotate with spiral fan blades (1.3) on the magnetic bearing components (1.4) contactless and without friction.

To make airplane motor lighter, sheet plates with compressed silicium which is placed one on the top of the other used in stators of the common electrical motor is not going to be used in our system. Instead of this, we are going to use at least one of the ironless stators without sheet plates, frameless stators without frames to place coils, slotless stators without slots to place coils. Also ironless stator must be use to use magnetic bearing. Otherwise the permanent magnetic bars (1 .5) which are on the rotor (1 .2) that rotates in the magnetic bearing can stick to the stator's iron walls and block the running of it.

Besides, to make rotor (1.2) lighter, a light weighted and heat resisting metarials like carbon fiber are going to be used as filling and support material. Spiral blades (1 .3) are also going to be made from a light and durable metarial. The systems which have two or more rotor and stator are recommended instead of the system which has a rotor (1 .2) and a stator (1 .1 ). Thus, it is predicted that the efficiency and the power of electirical jet motor (1 ) is going to be more. Besides, even one of the stators is broken, with the other stator/stators, the motor is going to continue to work and it is not going to stop. The continuation of the motor, even on low power, has a vital importance.

The air turbulence which comes out from the exhaust is going to be reduced to minimum by turning one of the rotors (1.2) to clockwise and the other one to counter clock wise. Also the electrical jet motor (1) is going to run more stable. That is an important feature for military purposed air vehicles because of not leaving a mark behind while in the air.

Another feature of the electrical jet motor (1) is having a diffusor (1.10) which corrects the air flow turbulence on the air ventilation part and decrease or increase the diameter of the exhaust when it is needed.

Electrical jet motor (1) has a charge unit which uploads the produced electrical energy to the battery and the capacitor while the air vehicle landing according to fast air flow with the rotation of the spiral fan blades (1.3). Thus, the energy which is spended while taking off can be regained during the landing.

Claims

C L A I M S

1. A super conductive electrical jet motor for air vehicles consists of an electrical jet motor (1) and a connection unit of the electrical jet motor (2).

2. It is the electrical jet motor (1) mentioned in claim 1 , characterized by comprising at least a stator (1.1) and at least a rotor (1.2).

3. It is the electrical jet motor (1) mentioned in claim 1 , characterized by comprising an exhaust (1.9) on the air ventilation side with a diameter which can be increased and decreased.

4. It is the electrical jet motor (1) mentioned in claim 1 , characterized by comprising a diffuser (1.10) which corrects the air flow turbulence on the air ventilation side.

5. It is the rotor (1.2) mentioned in claim 2, characterized by containing at least one spiral blade (1.3) mounted inside all around of the surface in at least one row.

6. It is the rotor (1.2) mentioned in claim 2, characterized by comprising the spiral fan blades (1.3) which can turn clockwise and counter clockwise.

7. It is the rotor (1.2) mentioned in claim 2, characterized by comprising a magnetic bearing component (1.4) which is supported with a safety bearing (1.7).

8. It is the rotor (1.2) mentioned in claim 2, characterized by containing the permanent magnets bars (1.5) placed outer surface of it.

9. It is the connection unit of electrical jet motor (2) mentioned in claim 1 , consists of a super conductivity support apparatus (2.4), coils made of super conductive cables (2.5), a battery (2.6), a generator (2.7) and a super conductive capacitor (2.8).

10. lt is the coils made of super conductive cables (2.5) mentioned in claim 9, consists of super conductive wires made of different organic or inorganic materials like copper, iron, aluminium, carbon which are isolated to electricity and to outer heat.

11. lt is the connection unit of the electrical jet motor (2) mentioned in claim 1 , comprises a generator (2.7) which uploads the produced electrical energy by transforming the motion energy to electrical energy with the rotation of the spiral fan blades (1.3) to the battery and the capacitor (2.8) to use again while landing, according to fast air flow.