WO2015187358A1 - Base block and methods - Google Patents

Base block and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015187358A1
WO2015187358A1 PCT/US2015/031532 US2015031532W WO2015187358A1 WO 2015187358 A1 WO2015187358 A1 WO 2015187358A1 US 2015031532 W US2015031532 W US 2015031532W WO 2015187358 A1 WO2015187358 A1 WO 2015187358A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
face
base block
wall base
faces
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/031532
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Brian BURNQUIST
Nancy Marie JOHNSON
Original Assignee
Anchor Wall Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. filed Critical Anchor Wall Systems, Inc.
Publication of WO2015187358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015187358A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0263—Building elements for making angled walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/02—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of ceramics, concrete or other stone-like material

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to concrete blocks that can be used as base blocks for a retaining wall or a free-standing wall. This disclosure also relates to methods of arranging the base blocks for constructing the wall.
  • Concrete blocks can be used to create various structures, including, for example, retaining walls and free-standing walls for landscaping.
  • Example freestanding walls are described in US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the free-standing walls described in US 8,256, 182 use a plurality of base blocks to form the foundation or base of the wall, and then a variety of other blocks are stacked on the base blocks to complete the wall.
  • the free-standing walls of US 8,256, 182 can be made curved or serpentine in shape.
  • the base blocks are laid down in the desired curved shape of the resulting wall.
  • the base blocks can also be used to provide the base of a retaining wall.
  • a wall base block comprising opposed top and bottom faces; opposed first and second side faces extending between the top and bottom faces; and opposed first and second end faces extending between the top and bottom faces and between the first and second side faces.
  • the first end face is convex and the second end face is concave and of generally the same curvature as the first end face, so that the convex first end face of one wall base block can closely nest within the concave second end face of an adjacently placed second wall base block.
  • Alignment indicia are provided on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block to assist in aligning adjacent nested blocks in straight or other predetermined angular relationships.
  • the alignment indicia can comprise notches adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block.
  • the alignment indicia notches can be formed in the first and second end faces and extend from the top face to the bottom face of the base block.
  • the first and second side faces can be oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
  • the first and second end faces can be oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
  • the unit can be formed of concrete having a net compressive strength of at least about 3000 psi.
  • the unit can be formed of dry cast concrete.
  • the alignment indicia may include at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
  • the alignment indicia can include no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
  • the alignment indicia may include at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of evenly spaced notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
  • the alignment indicia may include at least one notch in the second end face and a plurality of notches in the first end face.
  • the alignment indicia can include no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and at least 5 notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
  • the 5 notches can be evenly spaced apart around the curvature of the first end face.
  • the single notch can be in the second end face, and the 5 notches can be in the first end face.
  • the radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face can be at least 5 inches.
  • the radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face can be no greater than 6 inches.
  • a method of forming a straight or angular base for a wall comprises providing a first wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the first wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces.
  • the method comprises orienting the first wall base block on a surface with its bottom face against the surface.
  • the method comprises providing a second wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the second wall base block having alignment indicia in at least the top face adjacent the first and second end faces.
  • the method comprises orienting the second wall base block on the surface with the second wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the first wall base block is received within the second end face of the second wall base block.
  • the method comprises, while orienting the second wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second wall base block to achieve a desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall.
  • the method can include providing a third wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the third wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces.
  • the method can include orienting the third wall base block on the surface with the third wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the second wall base block is received within the second end face of the third wall base block.
  • the method can include, while orienting the third wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first end face of the second wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second end face of the third wall base block to achieve the desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a base block, made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the base block of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the of the base block of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the convex end of the base block of
  • FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a first radius;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a second radius;
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of two base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a third radius;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of two base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a fourth radius;
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a serpentine shaped base;
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a base in a straight line;
  • FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a free-standing wall using the base blocks made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure Detailed Description
  • a base block constructed in accordance with principles of this disclosure can be used to form a base of walls, including, for example, retaining walls and free-standing walls.
  • FIG. 1 1 One example embodiment of a free-standing wall using a base block constructed in accordance with the principles of this disclosure is shown in FIG. 1 1 at 30.
  • the wall 30 is constructed and arranged from a plurality of blocks 32 and will result in a self-supporting structure that can be used in landscaping.
  • the wall 30 has a first wall face 34 and an opposite facing second wall face 36.
  • the first wall face 34 is formed from a first plurality of wall blocks 38
  • the second wall face 36 is formed from a second plurality of wall blocks 40.
  • the blocks forming the wall 30 are made from concrete, preferably dry cast concrete, but they may also be made from wet cast concrete.
  • the free-standing wall 30 includes a plurality of base blocks 42, made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure.
  • the base blocks 42 are provided to form the foundation of the wall 30. In other embodiments, the base blocks 42 form the foundation of other types of structures, including retaining walls.
  • the base blocks 42 are placed on the ground upon which the wall 30 is to be constructed.
  • the base blocks 42 are arranged adjacent to each other, end to end, to form a base course 44 of the wall 30.
  • the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40 are stacked upon the base course 44 to form the respective first wall face 34 and second wall face 36.
  • Cap blocks 1 10 are depicted at the top of the wall 30, bridging the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40.
  • the base block 42 has first and second side faces 51 , 52.
  • the first and second side faces 51 , 52 define the height of the base block 42.
  • the height of the base block 42 is about 4 inches, preferably at least 3 inches.
  • the height will preferably be no greater than 6 inches.
  • the height of the base block 42 will preferably be between 3.8 and 4.5 inches.
  • first and second end faces 54, 55 are first and second end faces 54, 55.
  • the first end face 54 is a rounded convex end 56
  • the second end face 55 is a rounded concave end 57.
  • the convex end 56 and concave end 57 have the same radius of curvature, such that the base blocks 42 can be positioned next to each other with the first rounded convex end 56 of one base block fitting within the second rounded concave end 57 of a second base block. Examples are shown and discussed in connection with FIGS 5-10, below, in which several base blocks 42 are arranged adjacent each other.
  • first end face 54 and second end face 55 allows for the base blocks 42 to be arranged in a curved or serpentine pattern in a
  • the radius of curvature of the convex end 56 and the concave end 57 is at least 5 inches, no greater than 6 inches, and preferably about 5.5 inches.
  • the top face 46 Between the first and second ends faces 54, 55 and the first and second side faces, 51 , 52 are the top face 46 and an opposite bottom face 47.
  • the top face 46 has a contact surface 60, which is flat, to receive the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40.
  • the bottom face 47 faces and is against the ground.
  • first and second side faces 51 , 52 are at right angles to the top and bottom faces 46, 47.
  • the intersection of the first side face 51 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47, and the intersection of the second side face 52 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47 do not necessarily have sharp corners, but can be radiused.
  • first and second end faces 54, 55 are at right angles to the top and bottom faces 46, 47.
  • the intersection of the first end face 54 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47, and the intersection of the second end face 55 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47 do not necessarily have sharp corners, but can be radiused.
  • the bottom face 47 includes a plurality of recessed pockets 62.
  • the pockets 62 permit the ground to be received within the pockets 62 and help to anchor or secure the base block 42 to the ground. While a variety of implementations are possible, in the illustrated embodiment, the pockets 62 include 4 cavities 64, each cavity 64 being in one quadrant of the base block 42.
  • the cavities 64 have a circular shape, but could be any shape.
  • the cavities 64 have a depth of about 0.375 inches, and will generally be greater than 0.25 inch and no greater than 0.5 inch.
  • the cavities 64 allows for sand or gravel used as a leveling pad to embed and help to lock and secure the base block 42 to the ground.
  • the base block 42 further includes a hand hold arrangement 65.
  • the hand hold arrangement 65 can include at least one hand- receiving indent 66 in the bottom face 47.
  • the hand-receiving indent 66 is sized to accommodate at least a few fingers of a human hand and is provided to assist the user in movement and manipulation of the base block 42.
  • the hand hold arrangement 65 includes 2 hand receiving indents 66, 67, one located along each of the first and second side faces 51 , 52 and generally centered between the first end face 54 and second end face 55.
  • the hand-receiving indents 66, 67 allow a user to insert their fingers underneath the base block 42 when the bottom face 47 is down on the ground.
  • the user's fingers can slide into the space provided by the indents 66, 67 and the user then can move the base block 42 around.
  • the hand-receiving indents 66, 67 may have a height of about 0.625 inches, and be at least 0.5 inches and no greater than 2 inches.
  • the hand hold arrangement 65 can further include, in addition to or alternative to one or more of the hand receiving indents 66, 67, a through-core arrangement 68 extending completely through the block 42 from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47.
  • the through-core arrangement 68 can provide a structure for a human hand to grip, and it can help to result in a lighter weight block 42.
  • the core arrangement 68 includes first and second cores 70, 72.
  • the first and second cores 70, 72 are generally centered between the first and second side faces 51 , 52 and can be symmetrical with respect to the location between the first and second end faces 54, 55.
  • the first and second cores 70, 72 are sized to accommodate a human hand and form hand holds for the block 42. That is, a user can put one of their hands in one of the first and second cores 70, 72, and their other hand in the other of the cores 70, 72 to grasp the block portion 74 between the first and second cores 70, 72 to move and carry the block.
  • the core arrangement 68 including the first core 70 and second core
  • first and second edges 76, 77 that are preferably parallel to the first and second side faces 51, 52, respectively. Between the first and second edges 76, 77 are third and fourth edges 79, 80, such that each of the first core 70 and second core 72 is generally rectangular in shape.
  • the first and second edges 76, 77 being parallel to the first and second side faces 51 , 52 is helpful in forming a guide for the arrangement of the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and second plurality of wall blocks 40 on the base blocks 42, as explained in US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the base block second end face 55 is rounded and concave.
  • the rounded section 57 is contained within a pair of tips 82, 83. Between the first side 51 and the tip 82 is a rounded corner 84, while between the second side 52 and the tip 83 is a rounded corner 85.
  • the corners 84, 85 are on a radius of about 2 inches, generally at leastl inch and not greater than 3 inches.
  • the tips 82, 83 in cooperation with the concave end 57 help to form sharper turns when arranging the base blocks 42 in a curved or serpentine pattern.
  • the base block 42 shown also includes an indent 88 along the first side face 51 , and an indent 89 along the second side face 52.
  • the indents 88, 89 are generally located nearest the center of gravity of the block 42. This location makes handling of the block 42 easier when installing.
  • the indents 88, 89 are shaped to receive the tips 82, 83 of an adjacent base block 42 when forming a corner, shown in FIG. 12 of US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the base block 42 has a length between the tips 82, 83 and center bight 90 of the concave end 57 of about 17.5 inches, at least 6 inches, and no greater than 38 inches.
  • the width of the base block 42 between first side edge 51 and second side edge 52 is about 1 1 inches, at least 8 inches and no greater than 36 inches.
  • the width of each of the cores of the through core arrangement 68 between the first and second edges 76 and 77 is about 2 inches, at least about 1 inch, and no greater than 6 inches.
  • the length of each of the cores of the through core arrangement 68 between the third edge 79 and fourth edge 80 is about 3 inches, at least 1 inch, and no greater than 6 inches.
  • Each of the hand receiving indents 66 has an overall length in the direction from the block second end 55 to the block first end 54 of about 4 inches, at least about 2 inches, and no greater than 10 inches.
  • the width of each of the hand receiving indents 66, 67 from each of the respective first and second sides 51 , 52 is about 1 inch, at least 0.5 inches, and no greater than 3 inches.
  • the hand receiving indents 66, 67 have a generally rectangular shape in appearance, except where the indents 88, 89 protrude within the hand receiving indents 66, 67.
  • the base block 42 can be divided into 2 regions, 92, 93.
  • the regions 92, 93 are divided by the side indents 88, 89.
  • Region 92 is the region between the side indents 88, 89 and the first end face 54.
  • Region 92 has a general shape from the top or bottom view of a truncated circle; that is, a circle that has been cut off in a region below the diameter.
  • the region 93 is the region between the side indents 88, 89 and the second end 55.
  • Region 93 has an appearance of a rectangle with a pair of jutting tails formed by the tips 82, 83.
  • the base blocks 42 can be made from concrete.
  • the concrete preferably has a net compressive strength of at least about 3000 psi.
  • the concrete is preferably dry cast concrete, but it may also be wet cast concrete
  • the base blocks 42 include an alignment system 100.
  • the alignment system 100 is used to assist the user in aligning adjacent nested base blocks 42, in straight or other predetermined angular relationships.
  • the alignment system 100 includes alignment indicia 102.
  • the indicia 102 are visual.
  • the indicia 102 are part of the top face 46.
  • the indicia 102 can be seen by the user when the base block 42 is in place with the bottom face 47 against the ground.
  • the indicia 102 can include, for example a marking system which can include score marks, lines or other similar indicia on at least the top face 46.
  • the alignment indicia 102 includes notches in the first and second end faces 54, 55 of the base building block 42 which extend to and can be seen on the top face 46 of the block.
  • at least one notch 104 is in one of the first end face 54 and second end face 55, and a plurality of notches 106 in the other of the first end face 54 and second end face 55.
  • the alignment indicia 102 includes the at least one notch 104 in the second end face 55, and the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54.
  • the at least one notch 104 includes no more than the single notch 104 in the second end face 55.
  • each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 has a width of at least 0.25 inch, not greater than 0.5 inch, and preferably about .035-.04 inch.
  • Each notch 1 1 1 - 1 15 is spaced apart from the next adjacent notch 1 1 1 -1 15 at least about 0.2 inch, no more than 0.5 inch, and preferably about 0.25-0.3 inch.
  • the depth of each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 can be about the same for each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 in preferred embodiments. This depth will be at least about 0.05 inch, no greater than 0.25 inch, and preferably 0.1 -0.15 inch.
  • the notch 104 in the second end face 55 preferably has the same dimensions as the notches 1 1 1-1 15.
  • the notch 104 has a width of at least 0.25 inch, not greater than 0.5 inch, and preferably about .035-.04 inch.
  • the notch 104 has a depth of at least about 0.05 inch, no greater than 0.25 inch, and preferably 0.1 -0.15 inch.
  • the at least one notch 104 in the second end face 55 is preferably located along a central plane P (FIG. 3) orthogonal to the contact surface 60 and bisecting the second end face 55 between the tips 82, 83.
  • the notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 are formed in the second end face 55 and first end face 54, respectively.
  • the notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 may extend at least partially from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47. In the illustrated embodiment, the notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 extend completely from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47.
  • the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54 are symmetrical with respect to central plane P (FIG. 3) orthogonal to the contact surface 60 and bisecting the block 42 between the first side face 51 and second side face 52.
  • FIG. 4 there are two notches 1 1 1 , 1 12 on one side of the central plane P, and two notches 1 14, 1 15 on the opposite side of the central plane P.
  • the notch 1 13 is bisected by the central plane P.
  • the first end face 54 of one of the base blocks 42 is oriented adjacent and nested within the second end face 55 of an adjacently placed base block 42.
  • the at least one notch 104 on the second end face 55 is oriented with respect to one of the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54 to achieve the desired straight or other predetermined angular relationship between the two adjacent base blocks 42.
  • Example arrangements are discussed in Section D, below.
  • a method for forming a straight or curved base for a wall, such as wall 30, can include providing a first wall base block 42, having first rounded convex end face 54 and opposite second rounded concave end face 55 having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face 54.
  • the first block 42 is oriented on a surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface.
  • the surface can be a sand or gravel leveling pad.
  • a second wall base block 42 having first rounded convex end face 54 and opposite second rounded concave end face 55 with the general same radius of curvature as the first end face 54 is oriented on the surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface and so that the first end face 54 of the first base block 42 is received within the second end face 55 of the second base block 42.
  • the user While orienting the second base block 42, the user will align the alignment indicia 102 of the first base block 42 with respect to the alignment indicia 102 of the second base block 42 to achieve a desired straight or predetermined curved shape of the base for the wall.
  • the base for the wall can continue to be built by providing additional base blocks 42 and using the alignment system 100 as a previously described.
  • a third base block 42 as characterized above, is provided.
  • the third base block 42 is oriented on the surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface so that the first end face 54 of the second base block 42 is received within the second end face 55 of the third base block 42. While orienting the third base block 42, the user aligns the alignment indicia 102 of the first end face 54 of the second base block 42 with respect to the alignment indicia 102 of the second end face 55 of the third base block 42 to achieve the desired straight or predetermined curved shape of the base for the wall.
  • Example bases are illustrated in FIGS. 5-10.
  • a base 120 is formed having a first radius by aligning the at least one notch 104 in each second end face 55 of the each base block 42 with the notch 1 14 in the first end face 54 of the base blocks 42.
  • the notch 1 14 is the first notch to one side of the central plane bisecting the base block 42.
  • the base 120 is formed to have a predetermined radius. In the example of FIG. 5, the radius of the base 120 is about 8 feet.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another base 122.
  • the base 122 has a smaller radius than the base 120.
  • the smaller radius of base 122 is formed by aligning the notch 104 in the second end face 55 with one of the notches 1 15 that is farther from the center plane bisecting the base block 42 than the one notch 1 14 that is used in FIG. 5.
  • the notch 104 in the second end face 55 is aligned with the notch 1 15.
  • the notch 1 15 is the second notch to one side of the central plane P bisecting the base block 42.
  • the configuration of the base 122 forms a radius of about 4 feet.
  • bases 120, 122 in FIGS. 5 and 6 show the notch 104 of the second end face 55 being aligned with one of the notches 1 1 1 -1 15 in the second end face 55
  • the indicia 102 such that the notches are not aligned with another notch, but rather, are aligned between notches. This will result in other desired predetermined radii for the base of the wall.
  • two blocks 42 are shown as a portion of a base 124.
  • base 124 the notch 104 in the second end face 55 is aligned between the notches 1 14, 1 15. This arrangement will result in the base 124 having a radius of about 5.3 feet.
  • the base 126 shown in FIG. 8 illustrates the notch 104 aligned between the notches 1 13, 1 14. This arrangement will result in the base 126 as having a radius larger than the base 120 of FIG. 5. In this example, the base 126 will have a radius more than twice the radius of base 120. For example, the base
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a base 128 forming a serpentine shaped base.
  • the base blocks 42 use the indicia 102 to form different curves, depending upon the desired resulting serpentine shape of the base 128.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a base 140 forming a straight section. There is no radius formed in base 140.
  • each block 42 is centered with the adjacent block. This can be done by aligning the at least one notch 104 in each second end face 55 of the each base block 42 with the notch 1 13 in the first end face 54 of the base blocks 42.
  • the notch 1 13 is the notch bisected by the central plane P.
  • the central planes P of each block 42 are generally co-planar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

A wall base block includes opposed top and bottom faces, first and second side faces, and first and second end faces. The first end face is convex, and the second end face is concave and of generally the same curvature as the first end face so that the convex first end face of one base block can closely nest the concave second end face of an adjacent base block. The block includes alignment indicia to assist in aligning adjacent nested blocks in straight or other predetermined angular relationships. The base blocks can be used to make straight or curved bases for a wall.

Description

BASE BLOCK AND METHODS This application is being filed on 19 May 2015, as a PCT
International patent application, and claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 14/295,648, filed June 4, 2014, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Technical Field
This disclosure relates to concrete blocks that can be used as base blocks for a retaining wall or a free-standing wall. This disclosure also relates to methods of arranging the base blocks for constructing the wall.
Background
Concrete blocks can be used to create various structures, including, for example, retaining walls and free-standing walls for landscaping. Example freestanding walls are described in US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference. The free-standing walls described in US 8,256, 182 use a plurality of base blocks to form the foundation or base of the wall, and then a variety of other blocks are stacked on the base blocks to complete the wall. The free-standing walls of US 8,256, 182 can be made curved or serpentine in shape. The base blocks are laid down in the desired curved shape of the resulting wall. The base blocks can also be used to provide the base of a retaining wall.
What is desired is an easier and more convenient way of making curved or serpentine walls, including, e.g., retaining walls or free-standing walls. Summary of the Disclosure
In one aspect, a wall base block is provided. The base block comprises opposed top and bottom faces; opposed first and second side faces extending between the top and bottom faces; and opposed first and second end faces extending between the top and bottom faces and between the first and second side faces. The first end face is convex and the second end face is concave and of generally the same curvature as the first end face, so that the convex first end face of one wall base block can closely nest within the concave second end face of an adjacently placed second wall base block. Alignment indicia are provided on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block to assist in aligning adjacent nested blocks in straight or other predetermined angular relationships.
The alignment indicia can comprise notches adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block.
The alignment indicia notches can be formed in the first and second end faces and extend from the top face to the bottom face of the base block.
The first and second side faces can be oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
The first and second end faces can be oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
The unit can be formed of concrete having a net compressive strength of at least about 3000 psi.
The unit can be formed of dry cast concrete.
The alignment indicia may include at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The alignment indicia can include no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The alignment indicia may include at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of evenly spaced notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The alignment indicia may include at least one notch in the second end face and a plurality of notches in the first end face.
The alignment indicia can include no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and at least 5 notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The 5 notches can be evenly spaced apart around the curvature of the first end face.
The single notch can be in the second end face, and the 5 notches can be in the first end face. The radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face can be at least 5 inches.
The radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face can be no greater than 6 inches.
In another aspect, a method of forming a straight or angular base for a wall is provided. The method comprises providing a first wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the first wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces. The method comprises orienting the first wall base block on a surface with its bottom face against the surface. The method comprises providing a second wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the second wall base block having alignment indicia in at least the top face adjacent the first and second end faces. The method comprises orienting the second wall base block on the surface with the second wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the first wall base block is received within the second end face of the second wall base block. The method comprises, while orienting the second wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second wall base block to achieve a desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall.
The method can include providing a third wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces; the third wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces. The method can include orienting the third wall base block on the surface with the third wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the second wall base block is received within the second end face of the third wall base block. The method can include, while orienting the third wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first end face of the second wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second end face of the third wall base block to achieve the desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a base block, made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the base block of FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the of the base block of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the convex end of the base block of
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a first radius;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a second radius;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of two base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a third radius;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of two base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a curved base having a fourth radius;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a serpentine shaped base;
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a plurality of base blocks of FIGS. 1 -4 arranged to form a base in a straight line; and
FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a free-standing wall using the base blocks made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure Detailed Description
A. Overview
A base block constructed in accordance with principles of this disclosure can be used to form a base of walls, including, for example, retaining walls and free-standing walls.
One example embodiment of a free-standing wall using a base block constructed in accordance with the principles of this disclosure is shown in FIG. 1 1 at 30. The wall 30 is constructed and arranged from a plurality of blocks 32 and will result in a self-supporting structure that can be used in landscaping. The wall 30 has a first wall face 34 and an opposite facing second wall face 36. As can be appreciated by the view shown in FIG. 1 1 , the first wall face 34 is formed from a first plurality of wall blocks 38, while the second wall face 36 is formed from a second plurality of wall blocks 40. In general, the blocks forming the wall 30 are made from concrete, preferably dry cast concrete, but they may also be made from wet cast concrete.
The free-standing wall 30 includes a plurality of base blocks 42, made in accordance with the principles of this disclosure. The base blocks 42 are provided to form the foundation of the wall 30. In other embodiments, the base blocks 42 form the foundation of other types of structures, including retaining walls. The base blocks 42 are placed on the ground upon which the wall 30 is to be constructed. The base blocks 42 are arranged adjacent to each other, end to end, to form a base course 44 of the wall 30. In the example embodiment of FIG. 1 1 , the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40 are stacked upon the base course 44 to form the respective first wall face 34 and second wall face 36.
Cap blocks 1 10 are depicted at the top of the wall 30, bridging the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40. B. Base Blocks 42
Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, one embodiment of the base block 42 is illustrated. The base block 42 has first and second side faces 51 , 52. The first and second side faces 51 , 52 define the height of the base block 42. In one embodiment, the height of the base block 42 is about 4 inches, preferably at least 3 inches. The height will preferably be no greater than 6 inches. The height of the base block 42 will preferably be between 3.8 and 4.5 inches.
Between the first and second sides 51 , 52 are first and second end faces 54, 55. The first end face 54 is a rounded convex end 56, while the second end face 55 is a rounded concave end 57. The convex end 56 and concave end 57 have the same radius of curvature, such that the base blocks 42 can be positioned next to each other with the first rounded convex end 56 of one base block fitting within the second rounded concave end 57 of a second base block. Examples are shown and discussed in connection with FIGS 5-10, below, in which several base blocks 42 are arranged adjacent each other.
The shape of the first end face 54 and second end face 55 allows for the base blocks 42 to be arranged in a curved or serpentine pattern in a
predetermined angular relationship, and in a straight line. In preferred
embodiments, the radius of curvature of the convex end 56 and the concave end 57 is at least 5 inches, no greater than 6 inches, and preferably about 5.5 inches.
Between the first and second ends faces 54, 55 and the first and second side faces, 51 , 52 are the top face 46 and an opposite bottom face 47. In general, the top face 46 has a contact surface 60, which is flat, to receive the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and the second plurality of wall blocks 40. The bottom face 47 faces and is against the ground.
In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second side faces 51 , 52 are at right angles to the top and bottom faces 46, 47. However, the intersection of the first side face 51 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47, and the intersection of the second side face 52 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47 do not necessarily have sharp corners, but can be radiused.
In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second end faces 54, 55 are at right angles to the top and bottom faces 46, 47. The intersection of the first end face 54 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47, and the intersection of the second end face 55 with the top and bottom faces 46, 47 do not necessarily have sharp corners, but can be radiused.
In the preferred embodiment, the bottom face 47 includes a plurality of recessed pockets 62. The pockets 62 permit the ground to be received within the pockets 62 and help to anchor or secure the base block 42 to the ground. While a variety of implementations are possible, in the illustrated embodiment, the pockets 62 include 4 cavities 64, each cavity 64 being in one quadrant of the base block 42. The cavities 64 have a circular shape, but could be any shape. The cavities 64 have a depth of about 0.375 inches, and will generally be greater than 0.25 inch and no greater than 0.5 inch. The cavities 64 allows for sand or gravel used as a leveling pad to embed and help to lock and secure the base block 42 to the ground.
Preferably, the base block 42 further includes a hand hold arrangement 65. The hand hold arrangement 65 can include at least one hand- receiving indent 66 in the bottom face 47. The hand-receiving indent 66 is sized to accommodate at least a few fingers of a human hand and is provided to assist the user in movement and manipulation of the base block 42. While a number of variations are contemplated, in the illustrated embodiment, the hand hold arrangement 65 includes 2 hand receiving indents 66, 67, one located along each of the first and second side faces 51 , 52 and generally centered between the first end face 54 and second end face 55. The hand-receiving indents 66, 67 allow a user to insert their fingers underneath the base block 42 when the bottom face 47 is down on the ground. The user's fingers can slide into the space provided by the indents 66, 67 and the user then can move the base block 42 around. The hand-receiving indents 66, 67 may have a height of about 0.625 inches, and be at least 0.5 inches and no greater than 2 inches.
The hand hold arrangement 65 can further include, in addition to or alternative to one or more of the hand receiving indents 66, 67, a through-core arrangement 68 extending completely through the block 42 from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47. The through-core arrangement 68 can provide a structure for a human hand to grip, and it can help to result in a lighter weight block 42.
The core arrangement 68 includes first and second cores 70, 72. The first and second cores 70, 72 are generally centered between the first and second side faces 51 , 52 and can be symmetrical with respect to the location between the first and second end faces 54, 55. The first and second cores 70, 72 are sized to accommodate a human hand and form hand holds for the block 42. That is, a user can put one of their hands in one of the first and second cores 70, 72, and their other hand in the other of the cores 70, 72 to grasp the block portion 74 between the first and second cores 70, 72 to move and carry the block.
The core arrangement 68 including the first core 70 and second core
72 have first and second edges 76, 77 that are preferably parallel to the first and second side faces 51, 52, respectively. Between the first and second edges 76, 77 are third and fourth edges 79, 80, such that each of the first core 70 and second core 72 is generally rectangular in shape. The first and second edges 76, 77 being parallel to the first and second side faces 51 , 52 is helpful in forming a guide for the arrangement of the first plurality of wall blocks 38 and second plurality of wall blocks 40 on the base blocks 42, as explained in US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference.
Referring to FIG. 3, as mentioned above, the base block second end face 55 is rounded and concave. In this embodiment, the rounded section 57 is contained within a pair of tips 82, 83. Between the first side 51 and the tip 82 is a rounded corner 84, while between the second side 52 and the tip 83 is a rounded corner 85. The corners 84, 85 are on a radius of about 2 inches, generally at leastl inch and not greater than 3 inches. The tips 82, 83 in cooperation with the concave end 57 help to form sharper turns when arranging the base blocks 42 in a curved or serpentine pattern. Specifically, for example, the base block 42 shown also includes an indent 88 along the first side face 51 , and an indent 89 along the second side face 52. The indents 88, 89 are generally located nearest the center of gravity of the block 42. This location makes handling of the block 42 easier when installing. The indents 88, 89 are shaped to receive the tips 82, 83 of an adjacent base block 42 when forming a corner, shown in FIG. 12 of US 8,256, 182, incorporated herein by reference.
In one preferred embodiment, the base block 42 has a length between the tips 82, 83 and center bight 90 of the concave end 57 of about 17.5 inches, at least 6 inches, and no greater than 38 inches. The width of the base block 42 between first side edge 51 and second side edge 52 is about 1 1 inches, at least 8 inches and no greater than 36 inches. The width of each of the cores of the through core arrangement 68 between the first and second edges 76 and 77 is about 2 inches, at least about 1 inch, and no greater than 6 inches. The length of each of the cores of the through core arrangement 68 between the third edge 79 and fourth edge 80 is about 3 inches, at least 1 inch, and no greater than 6 inches. Each of the hand receiving indents 66 has an overall length in the direction from the block second end 55 to the block first end 54 of about 4 inches, at least about 2 inches, and no greater than 10 inches. The width of each of the hand receiving indents 66, 67 from each of the respective first and second sides 51 , 52 is about 1 inch, at least 0.5 inches, and no greater than 3 inches. In general, the hand receiving indents 66, 67 have a generally rectangular shape in appearance, except where the indents 88, 89 protrude within the hand receiving indents 66, 67.
In the illustrated embodiment, the base block 42 can be divided into 2 regions, 92, 93. The regions 92, 93 are divided by the side indents 88, 89. Region 92 is the region between the side indents 88, 89 and the first end face 54. Region 92 has a general shape from the top or bottom view of a truncated circle; that is, a circle that has been cut off in a region below the diameter. The region 93 is the region between the side indents 88, 89 and the second end 55. Region 93 has an appearance of a rectangle with a pair of jutting tails formed by the tips 82, 83.
The base blocks 42 can be made from concrete. The concrete preferably has a net compressive strength of at least about 3000 psi. The concrete is preferably dry cast concrete, but it may also be wet cast concrete
C. Alignment Indicia
In accordance with principles of this disclosure, the base blocks 42 include an alignment system 100. The alignment system 100 is used to assist the user in aligning adjacent nested base blocks 42, in straight or other predetermined angular relationships.
The alignment system 100 includes alignment indicia 102. The indicia 102 are visual. In the illustrated embodiment, the indicia 102 are part of the top face 46. When the indicia 102 are part of the top face 46, the indicia 102 can be seen by the user when the base block 42 is in place with the bottom face 47 against the ground. The indicia 102 can include, for example a marking system which can include score marks, lines or other similar indicia on at least the top face 46. In the illustrated embodiment, the alignment indicia 102 includes notches in the first and second end faces 54, 55 of the base building block 42 which extend to and can be seen on the top face 46 of the block. In the example shown, at least one notch 104 is in one of the first end face 54 and second end face 55, and a plurality of notches 106 in the other of the first end face 54 and second end face 55.
Referring to FIG. 3, the alignment indicia 102 includes the at least one notch 104 in the second end face 55, and the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54. In this embodiment, the at least one notch 104 includes no more than the single notch 104 in the second end face 55. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, there are at least five notches as part of the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54.
As can be seen in FIG. 4, the plurality of notches 106 includes five notches 1 1 1 , 1 12, 1 13, 1 14, 1 15 evenly spaced apart around the curvature of the first end face 54. In one embodiment, each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 has a width of at least 0.25 inch, not greater than 0.5 inch, and preferably about .035-.04 inch. Each notch 1 1 1 - 1 15 is spaced apart from the next adjacent notch 1 1 1 -1 15 at least about 0.2 inch, no more than 0.5 inch, and preferably about 0.25-0.3 inch. The depth of each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 can be about the same for each notch 1 1 1 -1 15 in preferred embodiments. This depth will be at least about 0.05 inch, no greater than 0.25 inch, and preferably 0.1 -0.15 inch.
The notch 104 in the second end face 55 preferably has the same dimensions as the notches 1 1 1-1 15. For example, the notch 104 has a width of at least 0.25 inch, not greater than 0.5 inch, and preferably about .035-.04 inch. The notch 104 has a depth of at least about 0.05 inch, no greater than 0.25 inch, and preferably 0.1 -0.15 inch.
The at least one notch 104 in the second end face 55 is preferably located along a central plane P (FIG. 3) orthogonal to the contact surface 60 and bisecting the second end face 55 between the tips 82, 83.
In reference again to FIGS. 3 and 4, the notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 are formed in the second end face 55 and first end face 54, respectively. The notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 may extend at least partially from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47. In the illustrated embodiment, the notches 104, 1 1 1 -1 15 extend completely from the top face 46 to the bottom face 47.
The plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54 are symmetrical with respect to central plane P (FIG. 3) orthogonal to the contact surface 60 and bisecting the block 42 between the first side face 51 and second side face 52. In
FIG. 4, there are two notches 1 1 1 , 1 12 on one side of the central plane P, and two notches 1 14, 1 15 on the opposite side of the central plane P. In this illustrated example, the notch 1 13 is bisected by the central plane P.
To use the alignment system 100, the first end face 54 of one of the base blocks 42 is oriented adjacent and nested within the second end face 55 of an adjacently placed base block 42. The at least one notch 104 on the second end face 55 is oriented with respect to one of the plurality of notches 106 in the first end face 54 to achieve the desired straight or other predetermined angular relationship between the two adjacent base blocks 42. Example arrangements are discussed in Section D, below.
D. Examples of Constructing Straight or Curved Bases for Walls
A method for forming a straight or curved base for a wall, such as wall 30, can include providing a first wall base block 42, having first rounded convex end face 54 and opposite second rounded concave end face 55 having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face 54. The first block 42 is oriented on a surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface. For example, the surface can be a sand or gravel leveling pad.
A second wall base block 42, having first rounded convex end face 54 and opposite second rounded concave end face 55 with the general same radius of curvature as the first end face 54 is oriented on the surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface and so that the first end face 54 of the first base block 42 is received within the second end face 55 of the second base block 42.
While orienting the second base block 42, the user will align the alignment indicia 102 of the first base block 42 with respect to the alignment indicia 102 of the second base block 42 to achieve a desired straight or predetermined curved shape of the base for the wall.
The base for the wall can continue to be built by providing additional base blocks 42 and using the alignment system 100 as a previously described. For example, a third base block 42, as characterized above, is provided. The third base block 42 is oriented on the surface with its bottom face 47 against the surface so that the first end face 54 of the second base block 42 is received within the second end face 55 of the third base block 42. While orienting the third base block 42, the user aligns the alignment indicia 102 of the first end face 54 of the second base block 42 with respect to the alignment indicia 102 of the second end face 55 of the third base block 42 to achieve the desired straight or predetermined curved shape of the base for the wall.
Example bases are illustrated in FIGS. 5-10. In FIG. 5, a base 120 is formed having a first radius by aligning the at least one notch 104 in each second end face 55 of the each base block 42 with the notch 1 14 in the first end face 54 of the base blocks 42. The notch 1 14 is the first notch to one side of the central plane bisecting the base block 42. When the base blocks 42 are aligned to match the notch 104 with the first notch 1 14 to one side of the central plane P bisecting the base block 42, the base 120 is formed to have a predetermined radius. In the example of FIG. 5, the radius of the base 120 is about 8 feet.
FIG. 6 illustrates another base 122. The base 122 has a smaller radius than the base 120. The smaller radius of base 122 is formed by aligning the notch 104 in the second end face 55 with one of the notches 1 15 that is farther from the center plane bisecting the base block 42 than the one notch 1 14 that is used in FIG. 5. For example, in FIG. 6, the notch 104 in the second end face 55 is aligned with the notch 1 15. The notch 1 15 is the second notch to one side of the central plane P bisecting the base block 42. The configuration of the base 122 forms a radius of about 4 feet.
While the examples of bases 120, 122 in FIGS. 5 and 6 show the notch 104 of the second end face 55 being aligned with one of the notches 1 1 1 -1 15 in the second end face 55, it is possible to use the indicia 102 such that the notches are not aligned with another notch, but rather, are aligned between notches. This will result in other desired predetermined radii for the base of the wall.For example, in FIG. 7, two blocks 42 are shown as a portion of a base 124. In base 124, the notch 104 in the second end face 55 is aligned between the notches 1 14, 1 15. This arrangement will result in the base 124 having a radius of about 5.3 feet.
The base 126 shown in FIG. 8 illustrates the notch 104 aligned between the notches 1 13, 1 14. This arrangement will result in the base 126 as having a radius larger than the base 120 of FIG. 5. In this example, the base 126 will have a radius more than twice the radius of base 120. For example, the base
126 will be about 16.3 feet.
FIG. 9 illustrates a base 128 forming a serpentine shaped base. To form the serpentine shaped base 128, the base blocks 42 use the indicia 102 to form different curves, depending upon the desired resulting serpentine shape of the base 128. In FIG. 9, there is a section 130 of the base 128 that has a radius going one direction, while there is a section 132 in the base 128 with a radius going the opposite direction.
FIG. 10 illustrates a base 140 forming a straight section. There is no radius formed in base 140. To make the base 140, each block 42 is centered with the adjacent block. This can be done by aligning the at least one notch 104 in each second end face 55 of the each base block 42 with the notch 1 13 in the first end face 54 of the base blocks 42. The notch 1 13 is the notch bisected by the central plane P. In the resulting straight base 140, the central planes P of each block 42 are generally co-planar.
It should be appreciated that many variations are possible. The above are examples. Many embodiments may be made according to the principles provided herein.

Claims

What is claimed is:
A wall base block comprising:
(a) opposed top and bottom faces;
(b) opposed first and second side faces extending between the top and bottom faces;
(c) opposed first and second end faces extending between the top and bottom faces and between the first and second side faces; wherein
(d) the first end face is convex and the second end face is concave and of generally the same curvature as the first end face, so that the convex first end face of one wall base block can closely nest within the concave second end face of an adjacently placed second wall base block; and
(e) alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block to assist in aligning adjacent nested blocks in straight or other predetermined angular relationships.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia comprises notches adjacent the first and second end faces of the base block.
The wall base block of claim 2 wherein the indicia notches are formed in the first and second end faces and extend from the top face to the bottom face of the base block.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the first and second side faces are oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the first and second end faces are oriented generally at right angles to the top and bottom faces.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the unit is formed of concrete having a net compressive strength of at least about 3000 psi. The wall base block of claim 6 wherein the unit is formed of dry cast concrete.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia includes at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia includes no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia includes at least one notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and a plurality of evenly spaced notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia includes at least one notch in the second end face and a plurality of notches in the first end face.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the alignment indicia includes no more than a single notch in one of the first end face and second end face, and at least 5 notches in the other of the first end face and second end face.
The wall base block of claim 12 wherein the 5 notches are evenly spaced apart around the curvature of the first end face.
The wall base block of claim 12 wherein the single notch is in the second end face and the 5 notches are in the first end face.
The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face is at least 5 inches. The wall base block of claim 1 wherein the radius of curvature of the first end face and second end face is no greater than 6 inches.
A method of forming a straight or angular base for a wall, the method comprising:
(a) providing a first wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces;
(i) the first wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces;
(b) orienting the first wall base block on a surface with its bottom face against the surface;
(c) providing a second wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces;
(i) the second wall base block having alignment indicia in at least the top face adjacent the first and second end faces;
(d) orienting the second wall base block on the surface with the second wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the first wall base block is received within the second end face of the second wall base block;
(e) while orienting the second wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second wall base block to achieve a desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall. The method of claim 17 further including:
(a) providing a third wall base block having a first rounded convex end face, an opposite second rounded concave end face having generally the same radius of curvature as the first end face, first and second side faces extending between the first and second end faces; a flat top face and an opposite bottom face between the first and second end faces and the first and second side faces;
(i) the third wall base block having alignment indicia on the top face adjacent the first and second end faces;
(b) orienting the third wall base block on the surface with the third wall base block bottom face against the surface and so that the first end face of the second wall base block is received within the second end face of the third wall base block; and
(c) while orienting the third wall base block, aligning the alignment indicia of the first end face of the second wall base block relative to the alignment indicia of the second end face of the third wall base block to achieve the desired straight or predetermined angular shape of the base for the wall.
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