WO2015169746A1

WO2015169746A1 - Hydrogen-storage-element production device together with method therefor and hydrogen storage element

Info

Publication number: WO2015169746A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/059716
Authority: WO
Inventors: Antonio Casellas; Klaus Dollmeier; Eberhard Ernst; Thomas Schupp
Original assignee: Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-05-05
Filing date: 2015-05-04
Publication date: 2015-11-12
Also published as: DE102014006371A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen-storage-element production device, comprising a cavity to be filled and at least a first material feed of a first material and a second material feed of a second material, wherein the first and the second material feed are arranged separated from each other, with a feeding device for feeding the first and the second material into the cavity to be filled, wherein the first material is a primarily hydrogen-storing material and the second material is a primarily heat-conducting and/or gas-conducting material.

Description

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus and method and hydrogen storage element

The present patent application claims the benefit of German Patent Application 10 2014 006 371.2 of May 5, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into the subject matter of the present patent application.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus comprising a cavity which can be filled with a flowable material for the production of a hydrogen storage element blank. Further, the invention relates to a feeder for use in the hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus, a method for producing a hydrogen storage element blank and a hydrogen storage element blank, preferably composite material. It is known that for a hydrogen storage in addition to hydrogen storage material and thermally conductive material is required because when using the hydrogen storage endothermic as well as exothermic reactions occur. This invention has for its object to simplify the production of a hydrogen storage element.

This object is achieved with a manufacturing device having the features of claim 1, with a method having the features of claim 23, with a use according to claim 31, with a blank with the features of claim 32 and with a feeding device with the features of the claim 34. Advantageous features, embodiments and developments will become apparent from the following description, the figures as well as from the claims, wherein individual features of an embodiment are not limited to these. Rather, one or more features are off an embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment to further embodiments linked. In particular, the respective independent claims can also be combined with each other. Nor should the wording of the independent claims serve as a restriction of the subject matter to be claimed. One or more features of the claims can therefore be exchanged as well as omitted, but also be supplemented in addition. Also, the features cited with reference to a specific embodiment can also be generalized or used in other embodiments, in particular applications as well.

A hydrogen storage element production device is proposed, comprising a cavity to be filled, at least a first material supply of a first material and a second material supply of a second material, wherein the first and the second material supply are arranged separately from one another, with a supply device for feeding the at least two materials in the cavity.

The term hydrogen storage describes a reservoir in which hydrogen can be stored. In this case, conventional methods for storage and storage of hydrogen may be used, such as. As storage of compressed gas, ie storage in pressure vessels by compression with compressors or liquefied gas storage or storage in liquefied form by cooling and compression. Other alternative forms of hydrogen storage are based on solids or liquids, for example, metal hydride storage, ie, the principle of storage as a chemical bond between hydrogen and a metal or alloy, or adsorptive storage; H . adsorptive storage of hydrogen in highly porous materials. Furthermore, hydrogen storage is also possible for storage and transport of hydrogen, which temporarily bind the hydrogen to organic substances, with liquid, pressure-less storable compounds (so-called "chemically bound hydrogen") arise. The term layers describes that preferably one material, but also two or more materials are arranged in one layer and this can be delimited as a layer from its direct environment. For example, different materials can be poured one after another loosely one over the other, so that adjacent layers touch each other directly. In a preferred embodiment, the layer of hydrogenatable material (hydrogenatable layer) may be arranged immediately adjacent to a thermally conductive layer. Such an arrangement allows the resulting heat in the hydrogen absorption and / or the required heat in the hydrogen release from the hydrogenatable material can be discharged directly from the adjacent layer or absorbed by the latter.

By at least one of the following functions "primary hydrogen storage", "primary heat conduction", "primary expansion compensation" and / or "primary gas feedthrough" is meant that the respective layer perceives at least this as a major task in the second region of the composite material. Thus, it is possible that a layer is used primarily for hydrogen storage, but at the same time is also able to provide at least some thermal conductivity. However, it is provided, for example, that at least one other layer is present, which primarily assumes heat conduction, that is to say via which the major part of the heat quantity is derived from or fed to the compressed composite material. In this case, once again, the primary gas-permeable layer can be used, through which, for example, the hydrogen is conducted into the material composite but also, for example, channeled out. In this case, heat energy can also be transported via the fluid flowing through.

The hydrogenatable material can take up the hydrogen and release it again when needed. In a preferred embodiment, the material comprises particulate materials in any 3-dimensional configuration, such as particles, granules, fibers, preferably cut fibers, flakes and / or other geometries. In particular, the material may also be plate-shaped or powder-like. It is not necessary that the material has a uniform configuration. Rather, the design may be regular or irregular. Particles in the sense of the present invention are, for example, approximately spherical particles as well as particles with an irregular, angular outer shape. The surface may be smooth, but it is also possible that the surface of the material is rough and / or has bumps and / or depressions and / or elevations. According to the invention, a hydrogen storage may comprise the material in only one specific 3-dimensional configuration, so that all particles of the material have the same spatial extent. However, it is also possible for a hydrogen storage to comprise the material in different configurations / geometries. By a variety of different geometries or configurations of the material, the material can be used in a variety of different hydrogen storage. Preferably, the material comprises hollow bodies, for example particles with one or more cavities and / or with a hollow mold, for example a hollow fiber or an extrusion body with a hollow channel. The term hollow fiber describes a cylindrical fiber which has one or more continuous cavities in cross-section. By using a hollow fiber, several hollow fibers can be combined to form a hollow fiber membrane, whereby absorption and / or release of the hydrogen from the material can be facilitated due to the high porosity.

The hydrogenatable material preferably has a bimodal size distribution. In this way, a higher bulk density and thus a higher density of the hydrogenatable material in the hydrogen storage can be made possible, whereby the hydrogen storage capacity, that is, the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the memory is increased. According to the invention, the hydrogenatable material may comprise at least one hydrogenatable metal and / or at least one hydrogenatable metal alloy, preferably consisting thereof.

As hydrogenatable materials can also be used: - alkaline earth metal and alkali metal alanates,

- alkaline earth metal and alkali metal borohydrides,

- Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOF's) / Metal-Organic Frameworks, and / or

- Clathrates,

as well as of course respective combinations of the respective materials.

The material according to the invention may also comprise non-hydrogenatable metals or metal alloys.

The hydrogenatable material according to the invention may comprise a low-temperature hydride and / or a high-temperature hydride. The term hydride refers to the hydrogenatable material, regardless of whether it is present in the hydrogenated form or the non-hydrogenated form. Low-temperature hydrides preferably hydrogen in a temperature range between -55 ° C to 180 ° C, in particular between -20 ° C and 150 ° C, especially between 0 ° C and 140 ° C. High-temperature hydrides preferably store hydrogen in a temperature range from 280 ° C and more, in particular from 300 ° C and more. At the stated temperatures, the hydrides can not only store hydrogen but also give off, so they are functional in these temperature ranges.

If "hydrides" are described in this context, this is to be understood as meaning the hydrogenatable material in its hydrogenated form as well as in its non-hydrogenated form. Hydrogenatable materials in their hydrogenated or nonhydrogenated form can be used according to the invention in the production of hydrogen storages.

With regard to hydrides and their properties, reference is made to Tables 1 to 4 in B. Sakietuna et al., International Journal of Energy, 32 (2007), pp. 1121-1140, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by disclosure of this invention.

The hydrogen storage (hydrogenation) can take place at room temperature. The hydrogenation is an exothermic reaction. The resulting heat of reaction can be dissipated. In contrast, energy must be supplied to the hydride in the form of heat for dehydration. Dehydration is an endothermic reaction. For example, it can be provided that a low-temperature hydride is used together with a high-temperature hydride. Thus, according to one embodiment, it can be provided that, for example, the low-temperature hydride and the high-temperature hydride are mixed in a layer of a second region. These can also be arranged separately from one another in different layers or regions, in particular also in different second regions. For example, it may be provided that a first region is arranged between these second regions. A further embodiment provides that a first region has a mixture of low and high temperature hydride distributed in the matrix. There is also the possibility that different first regions have either a low-temperature hydride or a high-temperature hydride.

Preferably, the hydrogenatable material comprises a metal selected from magnesium, titanium, iron, nickel, manganese, nickel, lanthanum, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, or a mixture of two or more of these metals. The hydrogenatable material may also comprise a metal alloy comprising at least one of said metals.

Particularly preferably, the hydrogenatable material (hydrogen storage material) comprises at least one metal alloy which is at a temperature of 150 ° C or less, in particular in a temperature range from -20 ° C to 140 ° C, in particular from 0 ° C to 100 ° C in is able to store and release hydrogen. The at least one metal alloy is preferably selected from an alloy of the AB ₅ type, the AB type and / or the AB ₂ type. Here, A and B respectively denote metals different from each other, wherein A and / or B are especially selected from the group comprising magnesium, titanium, iron, nickel, manganese, nickel, lanthanum, zirconium, vanadium and chromium. The indices represent the stoichiometric ratio of the metals in the respective alloy Alloys according to the invention may be doped with foreign atoms. The degree of doping may according to the invention up to 50 atomic%, in particular up to 40 atomic% or up to 35 atomic%, preferably up to 30 atomic% or up to 25 atomic%, especially up to 20 atomic% or until to 15 at%, preferably up to 10 at% or up to 5 at% of A and / or B. The doping can be carried out, for example, with magnesium, titanium, iron, nickel, manganese, nickel, lanthanum or other lanthanides, zirconium, vanadium and / or chromium. The doping can take place with one or more different foreign atoms. Alloys of the AB ₅ type are easily activated, that is, the conditions that are necessary for activation, similar to those in the operation of the hydrogen storage. They also have a higher ductility than alloys of the AB or AB ₂ type. By contrast, alloys of the AB ₂ or the AB type have a higher mechanical stability and hardness compared to alloys of the AB ₅ type. By way of example, mention may be made here of FeTi as the AB-type alloy, TiMn ₂ as the AB ₂ -type alloy, and LaNi ₅ as the AB ₅ -type alloy.

Particularly preferably, the hydrogenatable material (hydrogen storage material) comprises a mixture of at least two hydrogenatable alloys, wherein at least one AB ₅ -type alloy and the second alloy is an AB-type and / or AB ₂ -type alloy. The proportion of the alloy of the AB ₅ type is in particular 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, in particular 2 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% and in particular 5% by weight to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the hydrogenatable material.

The hydrogenatable material (hydrogen storage material) is preferably present in particulate form (particles, particles). In particular, the particles have a particle size x _{50 of} from 20 pm to 700 pm, preferably from 25 pm to 500 pm, especially from 30 pm to 400 pm, in particular from 50 pm to 300 pm. Here, x ₅₀ means that 50% of the particles have an average particle size that is equal to or less than the stated value. Particle size was determined by laser diffraction but can also be done for example by sieve analysis. The mean particle size here is the weight-based particle size, wherein the volume-based particle size is the same here. Indicated here is the particle size of the hydrogenatable material before it is subjected for the first time to hydrogenation. While the hydrogen storage stresses in the material occurs, which may cause during a plurality of cycles occurs a reduction in the particle size of x _50.

Preferably, the hydrogenatable material is so firmly integrated in the matrix that it comminutes when storing hydrogen. Preference is therefore given to using particles as a hydrogenatable material, which breaks up, while the matrix remains at least predominantly undestroyed. This result is surprising, since it was considered that the matrix would tend to rupture when stretched by volume increase of the hydrogenatable material during storage of hydrogen when high elongation due to volume growth occurs. It is currently believed that the external forces acting on the particles from the outside as a result of the attachment in the matrix in the increase in volume together with the tensions within the particles due to the volume increase lead to a breakup. A break-up of the particles could be found particularly clearly when incorporated into polymer material in the matrix. The matrix of polymer material was able to hold the thus broken up paticles stable stationary. Incidentally, tests have shown that, when a binder, in particular an adhesive binder, is used in the matrix for fixing these particles, a particularly good stationary positioning within the matrix is made possible. A binder content may preferably be between 2% and 3% by volume of the matrix volume.

Preferably, a particle size change due to breakage of the particles occurs by the storage of hydrogen by a factor of 0.6, more preferably by a factor of 0.4, based on the x ₅₀ particle size at the beginning and after 100 times of storage. Furthermore, for example, a carbon matrix in which the low-temperature hydride is embedded can be used as the matrix material. For example, from the thesis at the University of Utrecht titled "Carbon matrix confined sodium alanate for reversible hydrogen storage" by J. Gao, available at http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/256764, How the hydrogenatable material to be used and the matrix can be coordinated so that the hydrogen storage device produced therefrom can be operated even at lower temperatures The content of this dissertation is hereby incorporated by reference into the content of the present application.

Furthermore, at least one component of the composite material can be produced in a sintering process. In a sintering process, fine-grained, ceramic or metallic materials are heated, but the temperatures remain below the melting temperature of the main components of the substance, so that the shape of the workpiece is maintained. It usually comes to a shrinkage, because the particles of the starting material compact and pore spaces are filled. In principle, a distinction is made between solid phase sintering and liquid phase sintering, which also results in a melt. By the temperature treatment, a solid workpiece is produced during sintering from a fine or coarse-grained green body which has been formed in a preceding process step, for example by means of extrusion or powder pressing. The sintered product receives its final properties, such as hardness, strength or thermal conductivity, which are required in the respective application only by the temperature treatment. Thus, for example, an open-pored matrix can be created in this way, in which the hydrogenatable material is embedded. It is also possible in this way to create channel structures which are, for example, gas-conducting and can be used in the hydrogen storage element.

A further development of the hydrogen storage element production device provides that the cavity to be filled is preferably round and preferably a contact element with a contact surface is provided which, at least on the surface of the at least first and / or second material filled into the cavity. movable and along this is movable, more preferably in the at least first and / or second material movable and within this or this is movable. In addition to a round geometry, there may also be a geometry, in particular an angular geometry of the cavity. Thus, there is a possibility that, for example, the feeder is movable in different directions, be it in a Cartesian coordinate system or other orthogonal coordinate system as well as, for example, a polar coordinate system. In particular, the supply device and / or the cavity to be filled can be moved in a controlled manner so that a desired material deposit takes place.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that the feed device of the hydrogen storage element production device has an orifice cross section with at least one first region for the first material and with a second region for the second material different therefrom, for preferably parallel, locally separate filling of the cavity, wherein the first region is preferably at least partially, particularly preferably completely embedded in the second region.

This makes it possible to produce a wide variety of geometries when depositing the at least two materials, in particular when filling the cavity. Thus, non-planar as well as flat layer geometries can be formed. If, for example, a previously produced material mix is used as a material to be supplied, a matrix in a wide variety of geometries can also be formed in this way. The matrix includes, for example, a hydrogen-storing material, but is otherwise also thermally conductive and / or preferably porous. A further embodiment of the hydrogen storage element production device according to the invention provides that the device has at least one drive, by means of which at least one controlled relative movement between the cavity to be filled and the supply device is made possible. For example, a trajectory can be preset by the controller. ben along which the feeding device and / or the cavity is moved. For example, a computerized control of the movement is provided. This can preferably be integrated into a corresponding control unit which controls or regulates the hydrogen storage production device, in particular, for example, also with regard to the filling of the cavities.

A further development of the hydrogen storage element production device provides that the supply device (or filler) and / or the cavity is or are arranged to be rotatable relative to one another.

In addition to filling the cavity (the die of a press) with only a single material, in particular a powder, now allows the proposed hydrogen storage element manufacturing device to lead the same material in the first and in the second supply line, but for example, with different grain size. As a result, for example, a targeted gradient can be produced in the hydrogen storage element. Furthermore, it is possible to provide for a better distribution of the material, in particular a powder, for example, the feeding device with one or more stripping elements. This can be done, for example, an alignment of the material. In particular, it is possible to replace a layer structure by a uniform helical structure or even to supplement. Furthermore, it is also possible to make the layer structure in the machine axis perpendicular extent uneven.

In contrast to other methods, the invention thus not only allows a layered structure of preferably powder layers, wherein the layer structure perpendicular to the machine axis can be regarded as constant. Rather, at least two or more layers can be produced at the same time, in particular in each case from different materials.

Furthermore, it may be provided that the cavity to be filled of the hydrogen storage element production device has a die cavity and the feed cavity. Device is a filler and the hydrogen storage element manufacturing device comprises a press for compressing the at least first and second material in the Matrizenkavität. Preferably, the press is formed by a lower punch as well as an upper punch.

Another hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus, which may also be constructed according to the proposal, is, for example, a 3-D printer. This may, for example, have a rotating filler with a plurality of chambers for different materials, in particular powders. Also in the case of the 3D printer, the idea can be realized that a material feeding concept is provided in which the filler rotates about the machine longitudinal axis (i.e., about the axis along which upper and / or lower punches shift / shift). A material reservoir, preferably for powder, is in this case subdivided into at least two segments, wherein each segment can optionally be filled with different powder. The design of the individual segments in shape, size and position is not defined here.

A solidification can follow the filling process, for example by means of a laser beam in shafts of a feed device provided for this purpose.

According to a further aspect of the invention, which may be independent as well as dependent on this, a feeding device is proposed. The invention relates to a delivery device for use in a hydrogen storage device having an orifice cross-section with at least a first region for the first material and a second region separated therefrom for the second material for preferably parallel spatially separate filling of the cavity Area is preferably at least partially, particularly preferably completely embedded in the second area.

For example, the feeding device is designed such that it has a material feed for the first material and a material supply for the second material separate therefrom, wherein a mixing zone feed is provided. is along which the first and the second material is miscible and feedable. As a result, a gradient, but above all a matrix, can also be formed. The term "matrix" as used above describes a composite of two or more interconnected materials. In this case, one material preferably takes on another. In the present case, the hydrogenatable material is embedded in the matrix. The matrix can be porous as well as closed. Preferably, the matrix is porous. By the inclusion of one material by the other material, for example, material properties can complement each other, which otherwise has only the individual component. Material properties and geometry of the components are important for the properties of the composites. In particular, size effects often play a role. The connection takes place, for example, by material or positive connection or a combination of both. In this way, for example, a fixed positioning of the hydrogenatable material can be made possible in the matrix. Other components of the matrix may be, for example, materials for the heat conduction and / or the gas feedthrough. In addition to the at least one polymer, the matrix may have one or more further components, such as, for example, materials for the heat conduction and / or the gas feedthrough.

The matrix may comprise one or more polymers according to the invention and is therefore referred to as a polymeric matrix. The matrix may therefore comprise a polymer or mixtures of two or more polymers. Preferably, the matrix comprises only one polymer. In particular, the matrix itself may be hydrogen storage. For example, ethylene (polyethylene, PE) can be used. Preferably, a titanium-ethylene compound is used. This can, according to a preferred embodiment, store up to 14% by weight of hydrogen.

The term polymer describes a chemical compound of chain or branched molecules, so-called macromolecules, which in turn consist of or similar units, the so-called constitutional repetitive units or repeating units. Synthetic polymers are usually plastics. By using at least one polymer, good optical, mechanical, thermal and / or chemical properties can be assigned to the material by the matrix. For example, the hydrogen storage by the polymer may have good temperature resistance, resistance to the surrounding medium (oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance), good conductivity, good hydrogen uptake and storage ability, or other properties such as mechanical strength, which would otherwise be absent the polymer would not be possible. It is also possible to use polymers which, for example, do not allow storage of hydrogen but permit high elongation, such as, for example, polyamide or polyvinyl acetates.

In the invention, the polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Copolymers are polymers composed of two or more different monomer units. Copolymers consisting of three different monomers are called terpolymers. For example, according to the invention, the polymer may also comprise a terpolymer.

The polymer (homopolymer) preferably has a monomer unit which preferably contains at least one heteroatom selected from sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus in addition to carbon and hydrogen, so that the polymer obtained is not completely nonpolar in contrast to, for example, polyethylene. Also, at least one halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine and astatine may be present. Preferably, the polymer is a copolymer and / or a terpolymer in which at least one monomer unit in addition to carbon and hydrogen further at least one heteroatom selected from sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus and / or at least one halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine , Flour, Iodine and Astatine, is present. It is possible that two or more monomer units a corresponding heteroatom and / or halogen atom.

The polymer preferably has adhesive properties with respect to the hydrogen storage material. This means that it adheres well to the hydrogen storage material itself and thus forms a matrix that stably adheres to the hydrogen storage material even under conditions such as those encountered during hydrogen storage.

The adhesive properties of the polymer enable stable incorporation of the material into a hydrogen reservoir and positioning of the material at a defined location in the hydrogen reservoir for as long a period as possible, ie, over several cycles of hydrogen storage and hydrogen release. One cycle describes the process of a single hydrogenation and subsequent dehydration. In this case, the hydrogen storage material should preferably be stable over at least 500 cycles, in particular over at least 1000 cycles, in order to be able to use the material economically. Stable in the sense of the present invention means that the amount of hydrogen that can be stored and the rate at which the hydrogen is stored, even after 500 or 1000 cycles, substantially corresponds to the values at the beginning of the use of the hydrogen storage. In particular, stable means that the hydrogenatable material is maintained at least approximately at the position within the hydrogen storage where it was originally placed in the reservoir. Stable, in particular, is to be understood as meaning that no demixing effects occur during the cycles in which finer particles separate and remove themselves from coarser particles.

The hydrogen storage material of the present invention is particularly a low-temperature hydrogen storage material. In hydrogen storage, which is an exothermic process, temperatures of up to 150 ° C occur. A polymer which is used for the matrix of a corresponding hydrogen storage material must be stable at these temperatures. A preferred polymer therefore does not decompose to a temperature of 180 ° C., in particular up to a temperature of 165 ° C., in particular of up to 145 ° C.

In particular, the polymer is a polymer having a melting point of 100 ° C or more, especially 105 ° C or more, but less than 150 ° C, especially less than 140 ° C, especially 135 ° C or less. The density of the polymer, determined according to ISO 1183 at 20 ° C., is preferably 0.7 g / cm ³ or more, in particular 0.8 g / cm ³ or more, preferably 0.9 g / cm ³ or more but not more than 1 , 3 g / cm ³ , preferably not more than 1.25 g / cm ³ , in particular 1.20 g / cm ³ or less. The tensile strength according to ISO 527 is preferably in the range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa, in particular in the range from 15 MPa to 90 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 15 MPa to 80 MPa. The tensile modulus according to ISO 527 is preferably in the range from 50 MPa to 5000 MPa, in particular in the range from 55 MPa to 4500 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 60 MPa to 4000 MPa. Surprisingly, it has been shown that polymers with these mechanical properties are particularly stable and easy to process. In particular, they allow stable cohesion between the matrix and the hydrogenatable material embedded therein so that the hydrogenatable material remains in the same position within the hydrogen storage for many cycles for a long time. This allows a long life of the hydrogen storage.

For the purposes of the present invention, the polymer is selected from EVA, PMMA, EEAMA and mixtures of these polymers.

By EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) is meant a group of copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate which have a vinyl acetate content in the range of 2% to 50% by weight. Lower levels of vinyl acetate result in the formation of hard films, while higher levels result in greater polymer adhesiveness. Typical EVA are solid at room temperature and have a tensile elongation of up to 750%. In addition, EVA are resistant to stress cracking. EVA has the following general formula (I):

(Formula (I))

For the purposes of the present invention, EVA preferably has a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ to 1.0 g / cm ³ (according to ISO 1183). The yield stress according to ISO 527 is in particular from 4 to 12 MPa, preferably from 5 MPa to 10 MPa, especially from 5 to 8 MPa. Particularly suitable are those EVA which have a tensile strength (according to ISO 527) of more than 12 MPa, in particular more than 15 MPa, and less than 50 MPa, in particular less than 40 MPa, in particular of 25 MPa or less. The elongation at break (according to ISO 527) is in particular> 30% or> 35%, especially> 40% or 45%, preferably> 50%. In this case, the tensile modulus of elasticity is preferably in the range from 35 MPa to 120 MPA, especially from 40 MPa to 100 MPa, preferably from 45 MPa to 90 MPa, in particular from 50 MPa to 80 MPa. Suitable EVA are registered names, for example, by the company axalta Coating Systems LLC under the Han Coathylene ^® CB 3547 sold.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a synthetic, transparent, thermoplastic material having the following general structural formula (II):

(Formula (II))

The glass transition temperature is dependent on the molecular weight at about 45 ° C to 130 ° C. The softening temperature is preferably 80 ° C to 120 ° C, especially 90 ° C to 110 ° C. The thermoplastic copolymer is distinguished due to its resistance to weather, light and UV radiation.

For the purposes of the present invention, PMMA preferably has a density of 0.9 to 1.5 g / cm ³ (according to ISO 1183), in particular from 1.0 g / cm ³ to 1.25 g / cm ³ . Particularly suitable are those PMMA which have a tensile strength (according to ISO 527) of more than 30 MPa, preferably of more than 40 MPa, in particular more than 50 MPa, and less than 90 MPa, in particular less than 85 MPa, especially of 80 MPa or have less. The elongation at break (according to ISO 527) is in particular <10%, especially <8%, preferably <5%. In this case, the tensile modulus of elasticity is preferably in the range from 900 MPa to 5000 MPa, preferably from 1200 to 4500 MPa, in particular from 2000 MPa to 4000 MPa. Suitable PMMA are offered for example by the company Ter Hell Plastics GmbH, Bochum, Germany, under the trade name 7M Plexiglas ^® granules.

EEAMA is a terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic ester and maleic anhydride monomer units. EEAMA has a melting point of about 102 ° C, depending on the molecular weight. It preferably has a relative density at 20 ° C. (DIN 53217 / ISO 2811) of 1.0 g / cm ³ or less and 0.85 g / cm ³ or more. Suitable EEAMA be marketed under the trade name Coathylene ^® TB3580 by the company axalta Coating Systems LLC.

Preferably, the composite material essentially comprises the hydrogen storage material and the matrix. The weight fraction of the matrix based on the total weight of the composite material is preferably 10% by weight or less, in particular 8% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, and is preferably at least 1% by weight and in particular at least 2 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%. It is desirable to keep the proportion by weight of the matrix as low as possible. Although the matrix is capable of storing hydrogen, the hydrogen storage capacity is still not as pronounced as that of the hydrogen storage material itself. However, the matrix is necessary to minimize or completely avoid any oxidation of the hydrogen storage material that may occur and to prevent hydrogen storage Cohesion between the particles of the material to ensure.

It is preferable that the matrix is a polymer having a low crystallinity. The crystallinity of the polymer can significantly change the properties of a material. The properties of a semi-crystalline material are determined by both the crystalline and the amorphous regions of the polymer. This shows a certain correlation with composite materials, which are also made up of several substances. For example, as the density increases, the stretchability of the matrix decreases.

The matrix can also be in the form of prepregs. Prepreg is the English short form for preimpregnated fibers (American: preimpregnated fibers), in English: "preimpregnated fibers". Prepregs are semi-finished with a polymer pre-impregnated (semi-finished), which are cured for the production of components under temperature and pressure. Suitable polymers are those having a high viscosity but not polymerized thermoset plastic matrix. The preferred polymers according to the present invention may also be in the form of a prepreg.

The fibers contained in the prepreg can be in the form of a pure unidirectional layer, as a fabric or a scrim. The prepregs according to the invention can also be comminuted and processed as flakes or chips together with the hydrogenatable material to form a composite material.

According to the invention, the polymer can either be in the form of a liquid which is brought into contact with the hydrogenatable material. Liquid means that either the polymer is melted. However, according to the invention, it is also included that the polymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the solvent being removed again after preparation of the composite material, for example by evaporation. However, it is also possible that the polymer is in the form of a granulate which is mixed with the hydrogenatable material. By compacting the composite material, the polymer softens, allowing it to form the matrix comes, in which the hydrogenatable material is embedded. If the polymer is used in the form of particles, ie as granules, they preferably have an x ₅₀ particle size (volume-based particle size) in the range from 30 μm to 60 μm, in particular from 40 μm to 45 μm. In particular, the x ₉₀ particle size is 90 m or less, preferably 80 m or less.

Furthermore, it is possible to provide the feeding device with an additional unit for feeding strip, strip or plate-shaped material over which a strip of material can be guided into the mouth cross-section. Thus, for example, a fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a film, laminates of multiple materials, or other strip material may be supplied with the other at least two materials, preferably parallel to the feeding of the first and second materials. Likewise, fibers, wires or other materials to be embedded can also be supplied via a corresponding design of the feeder and mitabgelegt

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of making a hydrogen storage element blank by means of at least a first material comprising a hydrogen storage material and a second material having thermal conductivity, wherein a first material supply of the first material over a first region a feed device and a second material supply of the second material parallel to the first material supply via a second region of the feed device, wherein at least the first and the second material together form a composite material of the hydrogen storage element.

The materials used are in particular those already described above.

The term composite material here describes that various materials are used in the hydrogen storage element, in addition to hydrogenatable material and other materials may be arranged with other functionalities. The composite material is made, for example, from individual components components, such as the matrix and the individual layers. For example, material properties and geometries of the components are important for the properties of the composite material. The composite material is preferably compacted.

A development of the method provides that at least one of the two materials, preferably the first and the second material, pourable, free-flowing and thus flowable, preferably supplied in powder form. For example, it is provided that the supply device is rotated, the first and the second material from the supply device thereby emerge in parallel, and a composite material is formed as a hydrogen storage element. The at least two materials are preferably arranged one above the other in a layered manner, with a material, for example, being arranged in a helical or wavy manner at least in one section. It is advantageous in this case that the helical geometry in the composite material is supported as a structure by the material surrounding the helix. The layers in this way extend adjacent to one another in the Z direction of the extension, preferably arranged around an axis of rotation. In this way, for example, inner layers can be built on top of each other, which co-curl upwards about an axis, while an outer area forms a cylinder enclosure of the inner layers.

It is preferred that the first and second materials form a continuous porous structure in the hydrogen storage element, preferably one or more channels in the composite material are made by means of one or more mandrels, free holders and / or material to be removed. In particular, it is also possible to create a composite material which, after compaction, is arranged directly in a container of a hydrogen storage unit without further aftertreatment.

A further embodiment provides that the first and the second material are arranged at least partially locally separated from one another and form separate layers or generally regions of the hydrogen storage element. Yet another embodiment of the method provides that the first and the second material are filled into a cavity, wherein the first and the second material are pressed in the cavity, preferably by methods of an upper and / or lower punch in the cavity Cavity. A further embodiment provides that the cavity is formed by a container of the hydrogen storage.

It is further preferred if an isostatic pressing of the composite material for the hydrogen storage element takes place. By imposing pressures of above 500 bar, in particular of pressures in a range between 1500 and 6000 bar, it is possible to achieve a particularly close connection between a hydrogenatable material and a z. B. heat conductive material to create.

Incidentally, other compacting can be effected under the simultaneous influence of heat and / or of, for example, a gas. It is also possible, for example, to provide a suction, for example for suction of binder, which is possibly arranged in a first and / or in a second region of the composite body. For example, the binder can be completely or partially removed from the composite, for example, to provide a porous structure. For example, one binder may be arranged in one of the two regions and no binder in another of the two regions. Different binders can also be used, for example by introducing a different binder in the first area than in the second area.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a hydrogen storage element comprising a composite material having at least a first and a second material is proposed, wherein the first material comprises a hydrogen-storing material and the second material comprises a heat-conducting material, wherein the hydrogen storage element preferably with a production device and / or Method is prepared as described above. It has proved to be advantageous if in the hydrogen storage element, the second material extends from an interior of the composite material to an exterior of the composite material, wherein the first and the second material are arranged at least in a region separated from each other.

The composite material preferably has a matrix in the first material. For example, in addition to the at least one polymer, further components may be contained in the matrix. These components have at least one of the following functions: primary hydrogen storage, primary heat conduction and / or primary gas feedthrough. By this is meant that the respective component performs at least this function as the main task in the composite. So it is possible that a component is used primarily for hydrogen storage, but at the same time is also able to provide at least some thermal conductivity available. However, it is provided that at least one other component is present, which primarily assumes a heat conduction, which means that over this the largest amount of heat is derived compared to the other components of the compressed composite material. In this case, in turn, the primary gas-carrying component can be used, through which, for example, hydrogen (fluid) is introduced into the composite of materials but is also conducted out, for example. In this case, however, heat can also be taken along via the fluid flowing through. The fluid flowing through in the sense of the present invention is hydrogen or a gas mixture which contains hydrogen in a proportion of 50% by volume or more, preferably of 60% by volume or more, in particular of 70% by volume or more, preferably of 80% by volume or more, especially 90% by volume or 95% by volume or more. Preferably, the hydrogenatable material stores only hydrogen, so that even when using gas mixtures as a fluid substantially only hydrogen is stored.

The hydrogen storage device preferably has at least 2, preferably more than 2, mutually different layers, one layer of the composite material and one layer different therefrom being at least one of the following Features primary hydrogen storage, primary heat conduction and / or primary gas feedthrough.

The term layers describes that preferably one material, but also two or more materials are arranged in one layer and this can be delimited as a layer from a direct environment. For example, different materials can be poured one after another loosely one over the other so that adjacent layers are in direct contact. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenatable layer can be arranged directly adjacent to a thermally conductive layer, so that the resulting heat in the hydrogen uptake and / or release of hydrogen from the hydrogenatable material can be delivered directly to the adjacent layer. At least one of the following functions of primary hydrogen storage, primary heat conduction and / or primary gas feedthrough is to be understood as meaning that the respective layer perceives at least one of these as a main task in the second region of the composite material. So it is possible that a layer is used primarily for hydrogen storage, but at the same time is also able to provide a thermal conductivity available. In such a case, it is preferably provided that at least one other layer is present, which primarily assumes a heat conduction, which means that the largest amount of heat is derived from the compressed composite material in this layer over the other layers in the hydrogen storage. In this case, in turn, the primary gas-carrying layer can be used, through which, for example, hydrogen (fluid) is introduced into the composite of materials but is also conducted out, for example. In this case, however, heat can also be taken along via the fluid flowing through.

A thermally conductive layer according to the invention may comprise at least one thermally conductive metal and / or graphite. These materials can also be used as a heat-conducting component. The thermally conductive material should be a good thermal conductivity on the one hand, on the other hand, but also a have as low a weight as possible to keep the total weight of the hydrogen storage as low as possible. The metal preferably has a thermal conductivity λ of 100 W / (m-K) or more, in particular of 120 W / (mK) or more, preferably of 180 W / (mK) or more, especially of 200 or more. The heat-conducting metal according to the invention may also be a metal alloy or a mixture of different metals. Preferably, the thermally conductive metal is selected from silver, copper, gold, aluminum and mixtures of these metals or alloys comprising these metals. Silver is particularly preferred since this has a very high thermal conductivity of more than 400 W / (mK). Aluminum is also preferred since, in addition to the high heat conductivity of 236 W / (m-K), it has a low density and thus a low weight.

According to the invention, graphite comprises both expanded and unexpanded graphite. Preferably, expanded or expandable graphite is used. Alternatively, carbon nanotubes (single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled) can also be used, since these also have a very high thermal conductivity. Due to the high cost of the nanotubes, it is preferable to use expanded graphite or mixtures of expanded graphite and unexpanded graphite. If mixtures are present, more unexpanded graphite is used by weight than expanded graphite.

Natural graphite in ground form (non-expanded graphite) is poorly adherent in the composite material and difficult to process into a durable, stable composite. Therefore, metal hydride-based hydrogen storage preferably uses graphite grades based on expanded graphite. This is produced in particular from natural graphite and has a significantly lower density than unexpanded graphite, but adheres well in the composite, so that a stable composite material can be obtained. However, if one were to use exclusively expanded graphite in uncompacted form, the volume of the hydrogen storage medium could become too large to be able to operate it economically. Therefore, preferably, mixtures of expanded and unexpanded Graphite used.

If the hydrogen storage material is compacted by means of pressing during production, expanded graphite results in an oriented layer which can conduct heat particularly well. The graphite layers (hexagonal planes) in expanded graphite are shifted by the pressure during pressing against each other, so that lamellae or layers form. These hexagonal planes of the graphite are then transverse (approximately perpendicular to the compression direction during an axial pressing operation), so that the hydrogen can then be easily introduced into the composite material and the heat can be well in or out. As a result, not only a heat conduction but also a gas passage or a fluid passage can be made possible. Alternatively, the expanded graphite can be processed, for example, by means of calendar rolls into films. These films will then be ground again. The flakes or flakes thus obtained can then be used as a heat-conducting material. Due to the rolling, a preferred direction in the carbon lattice results here, as a result of which a particularly good transfer of heat and fluid is made possible.

Preferably, graphite is used as the heat-conducting material, for example when a high-temperature hydride is contained as a hydrogenatable material in the composite material. In the case of low-temperature hydrides, a heat-conducting metal, in particular aluminum, is preferred. In this case, this combination is particularly preferred when the two layers directly adjoin one another. According to the invention, it is possible, for example, for a first layer, which represents the first area, to adjoin the composite material according to the invention, comprising a high-temperature hydride, directly to a second layer, comprising graphite. This second layer can in turn immediately adjoin a third layer, comprising a heat-conducting metal, which in turn adjoins a fourth, graphite-containing layer. A first layer, comprising the composite material, can then be directly connected to this fourth layer. Any layer sequences are according to the invention possible. In the context of the present invention, "comprising" means that not only the said materials but also other constituents can be contained; preferred means comprise but consist of.

The term gradual describes that the density of the hydrogenatable material in the matrix and in the layers has a gradient, for example such that a gradient or an increase in the amount and / or density of the hydrogenatable material is present, for example depending on the fluid, which flows through the hydrogen storage element. It is preferably provided that a gradient is formed between the first and the second material, along which a transition takes place from the first to the second layer. It can also be provided that the hydrogen storage element comprises components in the form of a core-shell structure in which the core comprises a first material and the shell comprises a second material different therefrom, wherein the first material and / or the second material comprise a hydrogen-storing material , For example, this is preferably as layers of the composite material. An embodiment provides that the second material of the shell comprises a polymer, which is at least hydrogen-permeable. A further embodiment provides that the core has a heat-conducting material and the jacket has a hydrogen-storing material. Again, it can be provided that the core has a primary hydrogen-storing material and the jacket is a primary heat-conducting material, wherein the heat-conductive material is hydrogen-permeable.

Furthermore, the method for producing the hydrogen storage element can provide that separate layers of a hydrogen storage material and a thermally conductive material are filled in a pressing tool and these are pressed together to produce a sandwich structure, wherein the heat conductive material when using the sandwich structure for hydrogen storage, a heat conduction preferably takes over in the direction of the layer extension. Between the separated layers and / or adjacent For example, one or more matrices may be arranged so that the composite material thereby obtains first and second regions.

For example, it can be provided that a metal powder and / or normal natural graphite are used as heat-conducting material, wherein when using the normal natural, lenticular graphite or, for example, flakes of expanded graphite during filling are preferably aligned horizontally, so that a heat conduction in the direction of aligned hexagonal lattice structure in the sandwich structure can be used.

Furthermore, it can be provided that, alternatively or additionally, one or more layers of foils of a rolled expanded graphite, of flakes of a rolled expanded graphite and / or a graphite fabric are introduced as heat-conducting material in the sandwich structure.

It is further preferable that the composite material of the hydrogen storage element is porous. Thereby, a hydrogen gas guide can be facilitated.

In particular, it is provided that a third material is provided, which forms a functional position in the hydrogen storage element, in particular a porous, gas-permeable layer. In a preferred embodiment, a matrix and at least one layer each have carbon. In this way, the thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage element can be improved. It can thereby be derived or supplied better the resulting heat in the absorption and / or release of hydrogen.

It is preferred that the matrix and / or a layer comprise a mixture of different types of carbon including, for example, expanded natural graphite as one of the carbon species. Non-expanded graphite is preferably used together with expanded natural graphite. wherein weight-related more unexpanded graphite is used as expanded graphite. In particular, the matrix may comprise expanded natural graphite in which, for example, a hydrogenatable material is arranged.

Preferably, the composite material has an extensibility, preferably an elastic property in at least one area. In this way it can be ensured that the hydrogenatable material can expand, for example, when taking up hydrogen, without damaging or excessively stressing the composite material.

In the following, reference will be made in detail to various further embodiments of the inventive concept. In addition to the possibility that the feeding device, also called filling device, filling shoe or filler, can rotate in the machine longitudinal axis, it can be provided, for example, to position the filler for filling the Matrizenkavität on this, the upper side of the lower punch terminates with the upper side of the die. As the lower punch is moved to the lower position, the filler rotates around the machine axis as the materials are dispensed. Through a plurality of chambers or Materialzuführschächte at the outlet of the filler, which are filled with different powders, thus creating a characteristic helical structure. The layer thicknesses can be controlled by the design of the chambers, the speed of rotation and the speed of the lower punch. However, the proportion of the individual layers perpendicular to the machine longitudinal axis is determined essentially by the structure and the division of the chambers. In addition to the internals for dividing the filler into different chambers, it is also possible for different internals to be accommodated in the chambers, which influence the flow behavior of the powder or similar properties. These may be, for example, radial spokes or else gratings or other geometries. The basic structure of a pressing tool is not limited in this case. Several tool levels and mandrels can still be used. Furthermore, it is possible that in addition to the introduced powder internals in the form of layers of films, fibers or fabrics, for example. Carbon film, carbon fibers or carbon fabrics, are introduced into the Matrizenkavität. These layers can be introduced both as coherent films or fabrics, as well as in the form of flakes or Häxelgut. The layers can in this case be introduced in addition to the existing materials, or replace them partially or completely. In addition to the use of different powders or powders and additives, in the form of, for example, shredded material, it is likewise possible to use powders of the same alloy having different particle sizes and / or different particle shapes. Additives that can be added to the powder can, for example, influence the flow behavior and properties during filling, during compaction or during subsequent process steps. Also, the powders used in a chamber may consist of mixtures of different powders.

When using flakes or shredded material they can be aligned by the previously mentioned internals according to the desired properties of the compact. One embodiment, for example, aligns carbon fiber flakes so that the heat flow in the pressing ring is preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Another embodiment of the filler envisages providing it with a device which causes the filler to vibrate perpendicularly to the machine axis in order to influence the flow behavior of the powder or the hemp or bulk material. An additional embodiment of the invention provides a structure of three functional layers, wherein, for example, an outer layer of the heat supply or heat dissipation is used, a middle layer serves as a storage medium, and an inner layer of the supply or removal of the medium to be stored is used. Here, the outer layer for heat transfer as graphite Be performed layer, the middle layer as a metal hydride for storing hydrogen and the inner layer of another material, in particular metal alloy, preferably chromium-nickel powder, which serves to supply and removal of hydrogen.

Another embodiment provides that the filler is filled outside the Matrizen- filling position. In this case, the filler rotates during the filler filling process, whereas it does not necessarily rotate during the filling of the matrix cavity. A rotation of the filler when filling the die may be useful, for example, to counteract filling differences that can occur in cavities for the production of components with teeth. A sucking filling of the die is not absolutely necessary, but may be useful so as to prevent uncontrollable mixing of the individual powders. For example, it is possible to fill the filler in the outer region with a different powder than in the inner region, with reference to the center axis or the axis of rotation of the filler. Thus, it is possible, for example, to fill the outer ring of the filler with a powder having special properties, for example, suitable for curing. Furthermore, it is possible that the filler has three or more chambers, wherein the inner and the outer region is filled with a powder, is introduced into the pressing aid, preferably in the middle region, a powder is introduced without pressing aid. Since the pressing aid serves to reduce the friction between powder and tool components, pressing aids can be dispensed with in the middle range. Furthermore, the addition of pressing aids, despite its low density always means a reduction in part density. This partial density reduction can thus be further reduced without reducing the lubricating function between tool components and powder. With the described three- or multi-chamber filler, consisting of an inner region and at least two surrounding annular regions, it is thus possible, for example, to press a gear with an inner bore, in which the die cavity is filled by the described filler structure, that the pressing aid is only used in internal and external rich, so in the area of the mandrel and the external toothing is present. The chamber structure can be arbitrarily complex and is independent of the components to be pressed. It is even possible to use different powders for, for example, breakthroughs. In this case, only the position when transferring the filler into the filling position of the die must be positioned sufficiently accurately. Different filling of the component cavity makes it possible to produce different component properties, depending on the requirements of the individual component regions or functional surfaces of the component. For example, it is possible for a gear to produce the component area between internal teeth and external teeth with a powder that is compacted to a very low density, so as to ensure the damping properties of the porous structure and further necessary for the high load on the inner and outer regions to ensure high density. Accordingly, the proposed filler can also be used to create a wide variety of complex geometries for the hydrogen storage element.

By moving the filler into the filling position for filling the die, it is possible, for example, for all the downwardly arranged tool components to be positioned on their upper sides in a plane with the die top side. This makes it possible to counteract mixing of the powder during the process of the filler over the die.

In a further embodiment, however, it is also possible that the top of the lower punch is not with the top of the die in a plane, but below it. Thus, it is possible to apply a layer of preferably powder on lower punch, which need not be a single powder from a single chamber. It is also possible to fill powders from a plurality of chambers as a first layer into the die cavity or other materials as described above. For example, a filler may be composed of three chambers, one chamber filled with graphite, one with a metal hydride and another with a powder intended for gas supply. Is the graphite chamber of the filler in the moment in which the filler in the direction of filling position As the die advances toward the die, by lowering the lower die component or lower die components prior to reaching the filler, it is possible to fill the lower portion of the die cavity with graphite. If the filler is located above the die cavity, the filler can then by rotating, for example, produce a helical structure on the graphite layer in the cavity, which thus begins at the bottom with a graphite layer. It is also possible to produce a uniform powder layer with graphite at the top of the material arrangement to be pressed in the cavity in order to produce a uniform graphite layer on the top side and the bottom side of the compact.

Furthermore, it is possible that the direction of rotation and / or the rotational speed is changed during the filling process, wherein it is also possible that the filler stops in a fixed position.

It is also possible that the position of the entire filler varies with respect to the cavity to be filled during the filling process.

In addition to the incorporation of the necessary for the subsequent function of the compact or the resulting resulting finished product materials that can be introduced via the filler, it is also possible that individual components are introduced as a placeholder in the cavity, which in later process steps replaced or be removed. This can optionally be done by a thermal or chemical process.

It is also conceivable that the shape of the component is not produced by the pressing of powders and / or shreds or flakes, but by extruding different extrusion media into a mold by rotating the same or by rotating the inlet geometry into a non-rotating one Shape.

According to a further aspect of the invention, which can be realized together with one or more of the variants described above, but also independently thereof, a press with a material is added filling cavity and proposed with a movable by means of a displacement device of the press comb, wherein the traversing device can move the comb in the material and on this. For example, it is provided that a programmable control of the displacement device is present, which converts a predeterminable path into a movement of the comb. On the one hand, a smoothing, in particular an alignment of a material, at least in the region of a surface thereof, can be effected by means of the comb or even a strip or one or more prongs. On the other hand, a gradient can be introduced into the layers by means of the comb or other components.

Preferably, the comb is at least partially interchangeable. This allows the device to remain as such. However, depending on the hydrogen storage element blank to be produced and / or the material to be used, an adapted comb, a strip or a prong or the like is used. Incidentally, the comb may have a plurality of prongs. Preferably, the comb has at least one prong which has a widening for contacting the material. This allows to set targeted gradients by means of, for example, different broadening.

A further embodiment provides that a distance between two prongs of the comb is variable. This can be done, for example, during operation, i. during contact of the tines with the material. As a result, helical patterns can be generated, for example, as well as different gradient distances, for example adapted to a helix. It is further preferred if two or more combs are movable in parallel.

Preferably, at least two materials are provided for the disposal of the cavity of the sintering press, wherein the comb is movable so far that it enters at least in the filled first material, preferably in the first and the second material. If the material is introduced into a cavity of a press, the comb performs a movement contacting the material. It is also possible that the comb is immersed in the filled material and is moved in the cavity. For example, the comb can dip in different depths. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the comb is immersed in the filling of the cavity with first and second material at least in one of the two first and second materials and is moved. The combs can be integrated into the filler geometry.

Further advantageous embodiments as well as features will become apparent from the following figures and the associated description. The resulting from the figures and the description of individual features are exemplary only and not limited to the particular embodiment. Rather, from one or more figures, one or more features may be combined with other features from other figures as well as from the above description to further embodiments. Therefore, the features are not limiting but exemplified. In particular, some embodiments of the filler structure are shown:

FIGS. 1 to 8

each show three representations, namely on the left a plan view of the filler to illustrate its chamber and in particular chamber merauslassöffnungsanordnung and top right a perspective view of the compact and bottom right a section through the compact, which by means of the filler and a press, not shown can be produced, wherein for clarity, each selected a cylindrical compact and is dispensed with the representation of breakthroughs or other geometrical details,

FIGS. 9 to 28

show in principle the procedure when filling a Matrizenkavität with two fillers in different stages of the process, Figs. 29 to 44

show in principle the procedure of filling a Matrizenkavität with a filler with two chambers,

FIGS. 45 to 54 show in principle the procedure when filling a Matrizenkavität with a rotary filler,

FIGS. 55 to 60

a further embodiment of a rotary filler with three chambers and a representation of a blank, which is produced by compression of introduced by means of the rotary filler in a Matrizenkavität powder materials and Fign. 61 to 63

Another embodiment of a rotary filler.

Fig. 1 shows a filler 11 with two equal chambers 5, 6 for two different powders 1, 2, and the corresponding compact. 9

Fig. 2 shows a filler 11 with three chambers 5, 6, 7, the areal distribution of the three chambers 5, 6, 7 being different in each case, and the corresponding compact 9. FIG. 3 shows a filler 11 similar to that of FIG. 2 but with four chambers 5, 6, 7, 8 instead of three chambers, and the associated compact 9.

Fig. 4 shows a possible chamber structure of a filler 11 for three powders 1, 2, 3, with which four layers of the compact 9 also shown are produced, wherein the material in the center of the compact 9 is homogeneous and a helical structure is present on the outside.

Fig. FIG. 5 shows a filler 11 for three different materials, material 1 enclosing the helix of the compact 9 also shown formed by the materials 2 and 3.

Fig. 6 shows a filler 11 and the compact 9, which by means of a normal filling on the top and bottom and with a helical structure in the middle whereby it is possible to completely seal off the internal materials, in this case material 2 and material 3, to the outside, here by material 1, material 4 and material in the chamber 5, and the filler 11 for producing the middle segment of the compact 9 in the form of a helix is used.

Fig. FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a filler 11 and the compact 9 which can be produced with it. FIG. 8 shows a next embodiment of a filler 11 and the compact 9 that can be produced with it.

In the filler top views on the left in Figs. 1 through 8 are filler port outlet port arrangements which result in a helical layered layup of powder material in a press cavity when the filler rotates in its fill position above the press cavity and the bottom of the cavity attaches Relative twist from the filler farther and farther away. The outlet openings of at least two chambers are arranged offset in the radial direction and rotational direction of the filler considered, thus sweeping concentric surface areas that overlap or one of which is disposed within the other.

Fig. 9 to FIG. 28 show the basic procedure when filling a die cavity with two fillers. In this case, the filler 18 is filled with the material 1, filler 24 with material 2. The example shows a 4-layer structure in which two layers of powder 1 and two layers of powder 2 are pressed. However, it is also possible to use more than two fillers. In this case, the number, the order and the thickness of the layers can be made free due to the properties to be achieved. Below we briefly describe the respective process in each figure.

FIG. 9: The lower punch 10 has moved downwards by the respective path, which corresponds to the height of the partial filling space 12 (the cavity 14) for the first material 16. The first filler 18 moves over the cavity 14. Fig. 10: The first (powder) material 16 falls by gravity into the die cavity 14. FIG. 11: The filler 18 returns to the starting position and wipes the (powder) material 16 in the die cavity 14 at the level of the die top 20 off.

Fig. 12: The lower punch 10 moves downwards, thus providing the one further partial filling space 12 '(the cavity 14) for a second (powder) material 22.

FIG. 13: The second filler 24 moves over the cavity 14.

Fig. 14: The (powder) material 22 falls by gravity into the Matrizenkavität 14 on the (powder) material 16th

Fig. 15: The filler 24 moves back to the starting position and thereby strips the (powder) material 22 at the height of the die top 20 from. Fig. 16: The lower punch 10 gradually moves further downwards, thus providing a further partial filling space 12 "for the next layer of first (powder material 16), which is then the second layer of (powder material 16, FIG The filler 18 moves over the die cavity 14.

Fig. 18: The (powder) material 16 falls from the filler 18 by gravity into the Matrizenkavität 14 on the (powder) material 22. Fig. 19: The filler 18 is moved back to the starting position.

Fig. 20: The lower punch 10 continues to move stepwise downwards, thus providing a further partial filling space for the next layer of second (powder material 22). FIG. 21: The filler 24 moves over the cavity 14.

Fig. 22: The (powder) material 22 falls by gravity into the Matrizenkavität 14 on the upper (powder) material sixteenth

Fig. 23: The filler 24 moves back to the starting position and thereby strips the (powder) material 22 at the height of the die top 20 from. Fig. 24: The Matrizenkavität 14 is filled with two layers of two materials which are alternately stacked.

FIG. 25: The upper punch 26 moves toward the lower punch 10. The lower punch 10 can be driven down slightly before the compression of the material layers in the cavity 14 by the upper punch, as shown here (to produce a so-called underfilling).

Fig. 26: The upper punch 26 compresses the four layers to the desired density and then moves back to the starting position. The lower stamp 10 remains in the previously assumed position. However, it is also possible that the lower punch 10 moves after immersion of the upper punch 26 in the Matrizenkavität 14 on the upper punch 26. It is also possible for the die cavity 14 to be moved linearly in the machine longitudinal axis 30, whereby it is preferably moved in the same direction as the upper punch 26 at a fixed lower punch 10 at half the punching rate.

Fig. 27: After the pressing operation, the compact 32 is ejected from the die 28 by the lower punch 10. Here, it is also possible that the upper punch 26 acts during the ejection of the compact 32 with a small force on the compact 32 and moves back only after the complete ejection of the compact 32 to the starting position.

Fig. 28 shows the ejected compact 32 and the machine components in starting position. The compact 32 can be removed. The working cycle can start from the beginning to produce a next compact.

Fig. 29 to 44 show the basic sequence of filling with a (single) filler 18 with two chambers 34, 36, which can thus store two different powders. It is also possible that more than two different chambers are used for correspondingly more than two powders. Fig. 29: The lower punch 10 moves to the first filling position and the filler 18 moves over the die 28 until the first chamber 34 with the first (powder) material 16 passes over the Matrizenkavität 14.

Fig. 30: The filler 18 is located with its first chamber 34 above the Matrizenkavität 14 and the (powder) material 16 has fallen from the chamber 34 into the Matrizenkavität.

FIG. 31: The filler 18 is moved further until its chamber 36 with the (powder) material 22 is above the die cavity 14.

Fig. 32: The lower punch 10 is moved down until the filling level for the second layer of (powder) material 22 is reached.

Fig. 33: The (powder) material 22 falls from the chamber 36, during the lowering of the lower punch 10, in the Matrizenkavität 14 and thus forms the second layer. The lower punch 10 can just as well have shut down (completely) when the chamber 36 is above the cavity 14. Fig. 34: The filler 18 is moved until the chamber 34 with the (powder material 16 is above the Matrizenkavität 14.

Fig. 35: The lower punch 10 is moved down until the filling level for the third layer is reached. Fig. 36: The (powdery) material 16 falls out of the chamber 34, during the lowering of the lower punch 10 in the Matrizenkavität 14 and thus forms the third layer.

Fig. 37: The filler 18 is moved on until the chamber 36 with the (powder) material 22 is above the die cavity 14.

Fig. 38: The lower punch 10 is moved down until the filling level for the second layer is reached. The (powdery) material 22 drops out of the chamber 36 during lowering of the lower punch 10 into the Matrizenkavität 14, thus forming the fourth layer.

Fig. 39: The filler 18 is moved to the starting position.

Fig. 40: The upper punch 26 is moved in the axial direction in the direction of the lower punch 10 in order to press the individual layers.

Fig. 41: The upper punch 26 and lower punch 10 are in Pressendstellung.

Fig. 42: The upper punch 26 is moved to the starting position and the lower punch 10 ejects the compact 32 from.

Fig. 43: The tool components are in their home position with ejected compact 32.

Fig. 44: The compact 32 is removed, the working cycle can start again. FIGS. 45 to FIG. 54 show the basic procedure for filling the cavity with a rotary filler with two or more chambers. In this case, the filler only needs to rotate during the downward movement of the lower punch or during the filling of the cavity. However, it is also conceivable that the filler rotates permanently. Fig. 45: The rotary filler 18 'is moved over the Matrizenkavität 14. FIG. 46: The rotary filler 18 'is located above die cavity 14.

Fig. 47: Rotary filler 18 'rotates about machine longitudinal axis 30 as lower punch 10 moves down machine longitudinal axis 30 to gradually release cavity 14 for introduction of material.

Fig. 48: The lower punch 10 is in its lower filling position. The rotary filler 18 'no longer rotates.

Fig. 49: The rotary filler 18 'is moved back to the starting position.

Fig. 50: The rotary filler 18 'is located between the filling position and the starting position.

Fig. 51: The upper punch 26 moves toward the lower punch 10 with the rotary filler 18 'not shown.

FIG. 52: Upper punch 26 and lower punch 10 press the (powder material, which is double helix-shaped in cavity 14) into a compact 32. Here, too, the rotary filler 18 'is not shown.

Fig. 53: The upper punch 26 moves to its starting position. Also, the lower punch 10 moves to the starting position and ejects the compact 32 from. The rotary filler 18 'is also not shown here. Fig. 54: The compact 32 is removed. Subsequently, the cycle can restart, in which case the unillustrated rotary filler 18 'again comes into action.

In the Fign. 55 to 60 is another embodiment of a press 100 for producing a blank of, in this case, three different powder materials which are twisted into each other and helically arranged in the blank. According to FIG. 55, the press 100 has a die 110 with a cavity 112. The cavity 112 is formed in this embodiment as a through hole of the die 110 and is closed at its bottom by an axially along the center axis 114 movable lower punch 116. The upper punch 119 can also be moved back and forth along the center axis 114 of the cavity 112. In this way, as is generally known, powder material introduced into the cavity 112 can be pressed into a blank (possibly with the additional use of heat).

For introducing the powder material into the cavity 112, so-called fillers 118 are used, which can also generally be referred to as filling devices 120. In this embodiment, the filling device 120 includes a rotary filler 118 which, when located above the opening 122 of the cavity 112, rotates about the central axis 114 relative to the cavity 112.

The rotary filler 118 is shown in its filling position in Fig. 55, in which in this embodiment three free-flowing (eg powder) materials 124, 126, 128 are introduced into three separate chambers 130, 132, 134 of the rotary filler 118. Alternatively, it is also possible that the rotary filler 118 is filled during its movement and in particular during the dispensing of material. For this purpose, the material supply lines are moved translationally with the rotary filler 118 in order to be able to top up the rotary filler 118 during the discharge of material.

In Fig. 56, the rotary filler 118 is located above the cavity 112 (filling position) and fills therein the three powder materials under rotation. In this case, the lower punch 116 is initially in its uppermost position. To the volume of the introduced material per unit of time, the lower punch 116 is then moved downward accordingly, so that he releases so per unit time exactly the Kavitätssteilvolumen, which is filled by powder material from the rotary filler 118 into the cavity 112. The more detailed construction of the embodiment of the rotary filler 118 described herein is shown in Figs. 57 and 58 are shown. As shown in FIG. 57, the rotary filler 118 rotationally driven by a driver 136 has a substantially cylindrical outer shape similar to a sleeve. At its upper end facing away from the cavity 112, the filler 118 has an inlet opening arrangement 138 with three concentric inlet openings 140, 142, 144 in this exemplary embodiment. The central opening 144 is penetrated by the axis of rotation and is concentric with this. The two openings 140 and 142 extend annularly around each other and are therefore arranged concentrically. The three chambers 130, 132, 134 are delimited from each other by chamber walls 146, 148, 150 and limited to the outside, wherein these three chamber walls 146, 148, 150 form concentric rings in the region of the inlet opening arrangement 138.

The inner chamber walls 148, 150 are deformed to the lower, the cavity 112 facing outlet end, so that in this embodiment at the lower end of the rotary filler 118, the Auslaßöffnungsanordnung 152 results according to FIG. D. The outer chamber wall 146 is substantially cylindrical along its entire axial length, while the next inner chamber wall 148 has a neck 154 (similar to a heart shape) at the outlet end of the rotary filler 118. The V-shaped constriction 154 points toward the center of the rotary filler 118 and thus to the innermost chamber wall 134, which has a radially extending forming collar at the outlet end of the rotary filler 118. Between the outer chamber wall 146 and the next inner chamber wall 148, an outlet opening 156 of the chamber 130 is formed, while the next inner chamber 132 has an outlet opening 158 formed by the chamber wall 148 with constriction 154 on the one hand and by the chamber wall 134 with its radially elongated shape. Finally, the third, innermost chamber 134 has an outlet opening 160 which is directed radially outwardly and extends partially around the center axis 162 of the filler 118.

As can be seen in particular with reference to FIG. 58, the chamber Walls or comb structures 164, 166. These comb structures 164, 166 serve to grade the powder materials exiting the chambers at their respective interfaces. With the in the Fign. 57 and 58, the rotary filler 118 may be used to deposit into the cavity 112 three powder materials that form three intertwined partial or full helical assemblies. The powder material 126 emerging from the middle chamber 132 is present in the blank or in the cavity 112 as the middle helix 168 (see FIG. 59). The powder material 124 exiting the outer chamber 130 forms a cylindrical shape with a helix extending inside the cylinder wall. The powder material 128 emerging from the inner chamber 134 is located in the core of the blank as a solid cylinder with an external helical projection. The situation is shown for a partial section of the blank in FIG. 59.

Fig. 60 shows the situation when, during the rotation of the filler 118 in its inner chamber 134, there is a mandrel (not shown) as a spacer which holds the center 169 of the blank free of powder material. Such an arrangement is advantageous, for example, to provide the blank with a channel for a gas supply.

As already mentioned above, the rotary filler can be used in particular for producing a blank for use as a hydrogen-storing component or a hydrogen-storing component. In this case, for example, the material 126 supplied via the middle chamber 132 and recessed into the cavity 112 can be hydrogenated, while the material 124, which passes into the cavity 112 via the outer chamber 130 of the rotary filler 118, has heat-conducting properties. In the interior of the blank is then gas-permeable material 128. The inner material of the blank thus provides for the supply and thus the porosity of the blank, so that in this hydrogen can be introduced, which then binds to the hydrogenatable material. The resulting heat is dissipated via the material 124 to the outside. Outside of the hydrogen storage (blank) is located around a (pressure) container, which is in thermal contact with the hydrogen storage component.

Quite generally, it should be pointed out in connection with the invention that in addition to a composite of the particles of the powdery materials with each other by pressing (possibly additionally by the action of heat) can also be used in addition with additive methods, such as laser melting. For this purpose, for example, via hollow walls of the filler one or more laser beams are introduced, which are deflected via prisms and enter through transparent openings in the hollow walls of the filler in the just issued powder material, where there is a local fusion of the powder.

FIG. 61 shows in perspective or in FIG. 62 from above a further embodiment of a rotary filler 170. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 55 to 60, the rotary filler 170 on three ring chambers, which, however, unlike the Fign. 55 to 60 are arranged substantially continuously concentric. An inner partition wall 172 defines an inner chamber 173, while a centrally located further cylindrical wall 174 defines a second chamber 176. Outside is a third cylindrical wall 178 defining the outer chamber 180. The special feature of the rotary filler 170 is that an additional chamber 182 is formed on the outlet side, into which wall-wet material passes on both sides of the middle chamber wall 174. Flow inlet of the chamber 182 are deflecting elements 184, which provide for a local mixing of the two near-wall material flows.

The features of individual embodiments of the invention are exemplified below grouped again, the features of individual groups can be combined with each other and with features of the embodiments described above, embodiments and variants of the invention, by adding or omitting individual features. A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus comprising a cavity to be filled, at least a first material supply of a first material and a second material supply of a second material, wherein the first and the second material supply are arranged separately from each other, with a feeding device for supplying the at least first and the second material in the to be filled cavity, wherein the first material is a primary hydrogen storage material, and the second material is a primary heat-conducting material.

Hydrogen storage element manufacturing device according to item 1, wherein the cavity to be filled is preferably round and preferably a contact surface is provided which is movable at least on a surface of the at least first and / or second material filled in the cavity and movable along this, particularly preferably in the at least first and / or second material is movable and movable therein.

The hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to item 1 or 2, wherein the supply device has an orifice cross section with at least a first region for the first material and a second region separated therefrom for the second material for preferably parallel, spatially separate filling of the cavity, wherein the first region preferably at least partially, more preferably completely embedded in the second region.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the preceding figures, wherein the hydrogen storage element manufacturing device has at least one drive by means of which at least one controlled relative movement between the cavity to be filled and the supply device is made possible.

Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of the preceding figures, wherein it has an axis of rotation about which the supply device is rotatably arranged and / or that the cavity is rotatable. bar is arranged.

A hydrogen storage device manufacturing apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the cavity to be filled is a die cavity and the feeder is a filler and the hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus comprises a press for compacting the at least first and second materials in the die cavity.

A hydrogen storage device manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the preceding figures, which is a 3-D printer.

A delivery device for use in a hydrogen storage device manufacturing apparatus having an orifice cross section with at least a first region for the first material and a second region separated therefrom for the second material for preferably parallel, spatially separate filling of the cavity, the first region preferably at least partially, especially preferably completely embedded in the second region.

Feeding device according to item 8, wherein it has a material supply for the first material and a separate material supply for the second material, wherein a mixing zone supply is provided, along which the first and the second material is miscible and can be fed.

Feeding device according to item 8 or 9, wherein an additional strip feed is provided, over which a strip of material in the mouth cross-section is feasible.

Feeding device according to any one of the items 8 to 10, wherein the outlet opening (160) of the first chamber (134) extends transversely to the orientation of the center axis (114), in particular to one side of the center axis (114), and within the outlet opening (158 ) of the second chamber (132) is arranged, which in turn about the center axis (114) extends around.

A delivery device according to any one of 8 to 11, wherein the filling means (120) comprises a third chamber (130), the third chamber (130) extending outwardly around the second chamber (132) and having an outlet opening (156) extends around the second outlet opening (158), wherein the second outlet opening (158) has a substantially V-shaped, in the direction of the center axis (114) facing constriction (154).

13. The feeding device according to any one of items 8 to 12, wherein the position of the constriction (154) of the position of the first outlet opening (160), with respect to the center axis (114), substantially diametrically opposite.

14. A method of producing a hydrogen storage element using at least a first material comprising a hydrogen storage material and a second material having thermal conductivity, wherein a first material supply of the first material over a first region of a delivery device and a parallel to the first material supply second material supply of the second material via a second region of the supply device takes place, wherein at least the first and the second material together form a composite material of the hydrogen storage.

15. The method according to item 14, wherein at least one of the two materials, preferably the first and the second material, pourable, preferably powdered, fibrous or flake-shaped are supplied. 16. The method of item 14 or 15, wherein the feeder is rotated, the first and second materials exit from the feeder in parallel, and a non-planar composite, preferably helical or corrugated hydrogen storage composite material, is formed. A method according to any one of items 14 to 16, wherein the first and second materials form a porous structure in the hydrogen storage, preferably one or more channels in the composite are made by means of one or more mandrels, free holders and / or material to be removed.

A method according to any one of items 14 to 17, wherein the first and second materials are at least partially disposed apart from one another and form separate layers.

A method according to any one of items 14 to 18, wherein the first and second materials are filled into a cavity, wherein the first and second materials are pressed in the cavity, preferably by a method of an upper and a lower punch in the cavity.

Method according to one of the numbers 14 to 19, wherein an isostatic pressing of the composite material of the hydrogen storage takes place.

A hydrogen storage element comprising a composite material comprising at least a first and a second material, wherein the first material comprises a hydrogen storage material and the second material comprises a thermally conductive material, wherein the hydrogen storage device preferably with a hydrogen storage manufacturing apparatus and / or a method according to any one of 14 to 20 is made.

The hydrogen storage element of item 21, wherein the second material extends from an interior of the hydrogen storage element to an exterior of the composite material of the hydrogen storage element, wherein the first and second materials are disposed at least in a region separate from one another.

Hydrogen storage element according to item 21 or 22, wherein the Ver Bundmaterial the hydrogen storage element is porous.

24. Hydrogen storage element according to any one of the numbers 21 to 23, wherein a third material is provided which forms a functional position in the hydrogen storage, in particular a porous, gas-permeable layer.

25. A hydrogen storage element according to any one of items 21 to 24, wherein a layer performs a strain compensation of the composite material. 26. A hydrogen storage device having a plurality of hydrogen storage elements according to any one of items 21 to 25, wherein it has a low-temperature hydride and a high-temperature hydride.

REFERENCE ID LIST

1 powder material

2 powder material

3 powder material

4 powder material

5 chamber

6 chamber

7 chamber

8 chamber

9 compact

10 lower stamp

12 partial filling space

12 'partial filling space

12 "partial filling space

14 die cavity

16 material

18 fillers

18 'rotary filler

20 die top

22 material

24 fillers

26 upper punches

28 matrix

30 machine longitudinal axis

32 compact

34 chamber

36 chamber

100 press

110 matrix

112 cavity

114 center axis

116 lower stamp

118 Rotary filler

119 upper cancel

120 filling device

122 opening

124 powder material

126 powder material

128 powder material

130 chamber

132 chamber

134 chamber

136 drive

138 inlet arrangement

140 inlet opening

142 inlet opening

144 inlet opening

146 chamber wall

148 chamber wall 150 chamber wall

152 outlet opening arrangement

154 constriction

156 outlet opening

158 outlet opening

160 outlet opening

162 center axis

164 comb structure

166 comb structure

168 Helix

169 center

170 rotary filler

172 partition

173 chamber

174 chamber wall

176 chamber wall

178 chamber wall

180 outer chamber

182 chamber

184 deflecting element

Claims

claims

Hydrogen storage element manufacturing device with

a cavity (112) to be filled with at least two materials (124, 126, 128).

wherein the first material is a primary hydrogen storage material and the second material is a primary thermal conduction and / or gas supply material, and a firing device (120) for discharging the at least two materials (124, 126, 128) to incorporate these materials (124, 126, 128) into different regions of the cavity (112),

wherein the Befüiieinrichtung (120) at least two separate chambers (130, 132, 134) or at least two chamber portions of a common chamber for simultaneous or staggered feeding of the at least two materials (124, 126, 128), directly adjacent to each other or spatially separated from each other, for introducing them into the cavity (112) as layers.

A hydrogen storage element production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Befüiieinrichtung (120) and the cavity (112) for filling the cavity (112) relative to each other are translationally or rotationally movable.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Befüiieinrichtung (120) and the cavity (112) about a central axis (114) are rotatable relative to each other.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Befüiieinrichtung (120) and the cavity (112) and / or a bottom of the cavity (112) during the filling process relative to each other along a central axis (114) are movable away from each other , A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a first one of the chambers (130, 132, 134) extends at least partially around the central axis (114) and at least one second one of the chambers (130, 132, 134). extends around the first chamber (134).

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filling device (120) has an outlet opening arrangement (152) facing the cavity (112), which is provided for each chamber (130, 132, 134) with an outlet opening (156, 158, 160) is provided.

The hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the outlet openings (156, 158, 160) of at least two chambers (130, 132, 134) are arranged offset in relation to one another and at least partially overlapping one another in the direction of rotation and / or radial direction in particular in such a way that the outlet openings (156, 158, 160), when relatively rotated, cover surface areas, one of which is offset from the other and positioned with or overlapping it.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filling means (120) comprises at least three chambers (130, 132, 134) or three chamber sections for three different materials, of which the first material is a primary hydrogen storage material and the second material is a material primarily for heat conduction, and the third material is a material primarily serving as a gas pipe.

Hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the chambers are at least partially concentric risch arranged to each other, preferably at least Kam inlets of the chambers are arranged concentrically to each other. A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the filling device (120) has filling openings (140, 142, 144) for the individual chambers (130, 132, 134) and in that the center axis (114) passes through one of the The first chamber associated first inlet opening (144) passes therethrough and a second chamber associated with the second inlet opening (142) extends annularly around the first inlet opening (144).

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that in a third chamber (130) whose inlet opening (140) extends annularly around the outside of the second inlet opening (142).

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the individual chambers (130, 132, 134) are separated from each other by a respective wall (146, 148, 150) and that the walls (146, 148, 150) In their lying in the outlet openings (156, 158, 160) edge regions at least one edge recess or edge projection, in particular a serrated or comb structure (164, 166).

Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the filling device (18, 24, 120) at least one free-flowing material, preferably a plurality of free-flowing materials, the or in particular is present in powder form / outputs.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the filling device (18, 24, 120) has an inlet for introducing a strip, strip or band-shaped material into the cavity (14, 112) sträng-, strip or band-shaped material over one of the chambers and whose outlet or via a separate outlet is feasible.

15. Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the filling device (18, 24, 120) an acting element such. As a squeegee, a comb, a scraper, a roller, a bar or the like for interaction with at least one introduced into the cavity (14, 112) material, in particular for the interaction for aligning at least one non-spherical material and / or not spherical component of this material and / or for influencing the distribution of the at least one material and / or a component of this material for generating a distribution gradient.

16. Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the different, with the materials (16, 22) to be filled areas of the cavity (14, 112) adjoin at least partially or completely.

17. Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the filling device (18, 24, 120) has a mixing zone for mixing the at least two materials (16, 22).

18. A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the filling device (18, 24, 120) and the cavity (14, 112) in positioning the filling device (18, 24, 120) with the outlet arrangement on the Cavity (14, 112) for the helical introduction of at least one of the materials (16, 22) about a common axis relative to each other rotatory in one direction movable or rotationally movable back and forth.

19. Hydrogen storage element production device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that at least one of the materials alien (16, 22) is porous or forms a porous structure and / or that formed by at least one in the cavity (14, 112) introduced element (16, 22), in particular in the form of spikes, a traversed by at least one channel structure is.

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus further characterized by compacting means for compressing material (16, 22) within the cavity (14, 112).

Hydrogen storage element production device according to claim 20, characterized in that the compression device at least one in the cavity (14, 112) plungable punch (10, 26, 116, 119).

A hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the cavity (14, 112) from a through hole in a die (28, 110) and the through opening to a side closing first punch (10, 116) is formed and a second punch (26, 119) is provided, wherein at least the second punch (26, 119) in the direction of the first punch (10, 116) into the cavity (14, 112) or within the cavity (14, 112 ) is movable.

A method for producing a hydrogen storage element, in particular using a device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the method

at least two different materials (16, 22) for filling a cavity (14, 112) are output and introduced into the cavity (14, 112),

wherein the first material is a primary hydrogen storage material and the second material is a primary heat pipe and / or gas line material;

wherein the at least two materials (16, 22) from different regions of a filling device (18, 24, 120) simultaneously or temporarily borrowed separately and introduced into different areas of the cavity (14, 112).

A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the filling device (18 24, 120) and the cavity (14, 112) are moved relative to each other during their filling.

A method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the filling device (120) and the cavity (112) about a central axis (114) are rotatable relative to each other.

A method according to claim 25, characterized in that the materials (16, 22) at the same time intermittently or continuously emerge as juxtaposed streams of material and that the material flows under rotation about an axis passing through the arrangement of the material streams and in the direction of the flow of material streams axis to form a Helical and / or wavy structure of at least one of the materials (16, 22) are introduced into the cavity (14, 112).

Method according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that the materials (16, 22) are free-flowing and are in particular powder materials.

Method according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that in addition to free-flowing materials (16, 22) and materials with intrinsically stable structure in z. B. strand, strip or tape shape in the cavity (14, 112) are introduced.

Method according to one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that the material within the cavity (14, 112) is compressed.

30. Method according to claim 29, characterized in that the compaction tion by means of at least one stamp (10, 26, 116, 119) or that an isostatic compaction takes place.

31. Use of a device according to at least one of claims 1 to 22 and / or a method according to at least one of the claims

23 to 30 for producing a hydrogen storage element in the form of a form-stable when used as a hydrogen storage, disc, block, tablet, pallet or the like. -shaped composite material. 32. Blank, in particular obtainable using a device according to at least one of claims 1 to 22 and / or a method according to at least one of claims 23 to 30 with

a body comprising at least two different materials arranged in different regions of the body and so far separated, the materials contiguous with each other at the boundaries of the regions of the body in which they are disposed;

wherein the first material is a primary hydrogen storage material and the second material is primarily a thermal line and / or gas line material.

Blank according to claim 32, characterized in that at least one material is arranged helically within the body.

Blank according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the body is at least a third material, wherein at least two, preferably three or in particular all materials are made in powder form or at least one of the materials, for. B. the third material, strand, strip or tape shape, said third material is in particular arranged helically and embedded in the other materials of the body, wherein the first material is primarily a hydrogen storage serving material and the second material is a primary gas line serving material is the third material is primarily a heat conduction serving material.

35. Feeding device for a hydrogen storage element device, in particular a press, according to one of claims 1 to 22 for supplying at least a first and a second material, with a

An orifice cross-section of the feeder comprising at least a first portion and a second portion separated therefrom for feeding the first and second materials in parallel, separately, into a cavity, the feeder having an axis of rotation about which the feeder is rotatable during feeding.